• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR CHECKING THE TORQUE OF A THREAD COVER. The present invention relates to the torque that is required to open a plastic screw cap (4) that is screwed onto a bottle (10), which is determined without contact, as the position of rotation of the plastic cap is established thread (14) screwed in relation to the bottle. The rotation position is established by evaluating an image based on a mark on the bottle (10) and a mark on the screw cap. The aeration grooves (30) that interrupt the threads of the screw thread (12) on the neck of the bottle can be used as the mark on the bottle (10) and a predetermined breaking point (32) on a safety ring (20) screw cap (14) can be used as a mark on the screw cap (14).
    公开号:BR112014020670B1
    申请号:R112014020670-8
    申请日:2013-02-25
    公开日:2020-12-08
    发明作者:Bernhard Heuft
    申请人:Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a process for verifying without contact if a torque, necessary for opening a plastic screw cap that is screwed on a bottle, corresponds to a predetermined value. In addition, the object of the invention is a device for carrying out this process.
    [0002] Plastic screw caps for bottles are known from DE 24 39 414 A and DE 2007 009 983 U1. The height of the single thread of a plastic screw cap is 2-3 mm. The plastic screw caps are applied in a sealing machine over the bottles with continuous passage, as a closing head covers and fixes a loose cap placed over the mouth of the bottle.
    [0003] When screwing a plastic screw cap on a bottle, the torque used for fixing is adjusted according to empirical values. If this torque setting is too weak, there is a risk of leakage from the bottle. On the other hand, if the torque adjustment is too strong, users therefore need an auxiliary means to open the plastic screw cap, which, likewise, is not what is desired.
    [0004] According to the level of the technique, the torque required to open a plastic screw cap is manually checked, as the bottles are manually opened by means of a torque measuring device and the measured values are recorded. This process can also be automated, as a bottle is automatically removed from the flow at certain intervals of time and then the lowest torque required to open and close the lid is determined.
    [0005] As from DE 10 2008 062 385, a process is known by which it can be ascertained whether, in plastic bottles, a lid with a tamper-proof closure device can already be damaged in closing the lid. For this purpose, the lids with tamper-proof closing devices are obliquely illuminated from the bottom and examined from the opposite side by means of a system of optoelectric sensors. Therefore, the torque for opening the lid is not tested.
    [0006] From EP 1 293 473 a process is known in which the correct cover seat is tested. For this, several parameters are investigated, among others, the height of the bottle and the vertical orientation of the cap. In this process, the torque for opening the lid is also not tested.
    [0007] From EP 2 439 488, a process is known by which the rotational position of the thread segment in a mold for blowing out a plastic bottle is checked. The rotation position is, for example, determined from the distance between the mouth and the thread thread or from a comparison of the opening segment with a plurality of stored models. In this process, the torque for opening the lid is also not tested.
    [0008] From EP 0 572 758 the label and cap of a bottle are known in a predetermined orientation towards each other. For this purpose, the orientation of each bottle is determined by mechanical or optical means by marks on the bottle and the cap is applied according to the orientation of the bottle. In this way, the bottle and the cap are in a predetermined relative rotation position.
    [0009] The invention is based on the objective of specifying a process whereby, in the process of production in line, it is possible to ascertain without contact, in any number of bottles or in each bottle, if the respective plastic screw cap was screwed in too tightly or too tightly on the bottle.
    [0010] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by the fact that the image evaluation, based on a mark on the bottle and a mark on the screw cap, determines the rotation position of the plastic screw cap in relation to the bottle, in which the rotation position of the bottle or the plastic screw cap is indicated by means of a light beam which, below the screw cap, is directed obliquely upwards on one side of the bottle so that, on the side opposite the bottle, the bottle nozzle is illuminated from the inside, so that the outer side of the screw cap is registered through the camera and this recorded image is evaluated.
    [0011] The device for carrying out the process according to the invention has at least one light source on one side of a continuous flow of bottles that are closed by means of plastic screw caps, in which the light source emits a light beam at a point below the screw cap on the respective examined bottle so that this point on the opposite side of the bottle and the screw cap is illuminated, as well as at least one optical recording device on the other side of the flow of bottles opposite the light source. The recording device optically captures the image from the outside of the illuminated inside. In addition, the device features a device for the evaluation of registered image, in which the relative rotation position of the screw cap in relation to the bottle is determined.
    [0012] Therefore, in the invention the connection between the relative square position of the screw cap in relation to the bottle and the desired torque for opening the bottle is used. The ideal value of the rotation position of the plastic screw cap in relation to the bottle is empirically verified. Likewise, the tolerable deviation from this value is empirically ascertained. In the usual beverage bottles the tolerance range is, for example, at an angle of approximately 15 °, therefore, ± 7.5 °, preferably approximately ± 5 °, more preferably approximately ± 3 °, and everything that is above this is difficult to open, and everything below that, possibly, has a leak. In both cases, then the bottle in question is removed from the production process below.
    [0013] The light source or lighting unit is formed so that it illuminates approximately half the circumference of the neck of the bottle below the plastic screw cap. The light source, for example, can have a multiplicity of optical fibers, the outlet openings of which are arranged over a circle arc segment. The light beams emitted by each of the optical fibers are directed to an area in an approximately semicircular shape directly below the plastic screw cap or, normally, directed to a support ring disposed there. The light source can also have a number of LEDs properly arranged and aligned.
    [0014] In this case, the light beam generated by the light source or the lighting unit is directed upwards, at an angle of, for example, 30 °. Since the light beam generated by the light source passes through the area below the edge of the screw cap or support ring, the opposite semicircle of the bottle nozzle and the screw cap is illuminated in the same way from the inside. Preferably, the bottles, at least in the bottle neck area, consist of transparent material, so that the light beam directed from the light source to the bottle neck below the screw cap is absorbed as little as possible. Through the light beam directed by the light source, images of the threads and other details are made, including the marks that may exist there on the bottle nozzle on the plastic screw cap from the inside as well as on a projection screen. The action of the lenses of the thread threads, as well as the refraction of light at the edges of the possible marks, produces a clear image on the semicircle of the plastic screw cap that is opposite the light source. The material of the plastic screw caps, in fact, usually contains pigments, however, it is semitransparent. In the grooves of the thread threads the material thickness of the screw cap is reduced, whereby the thread threads on the outside of the cap become apparent. This image is recorded by the optical recording device and can be evaluated using image processing. Likewise, the possible marks become apparent on the outside of the plastic screw cap and can be evaluated using image processing.
    [0015] White LEDs or those used in the coloring of the screw cap on beverages that take full advantage of, at times, little transparency are suitable for lighting. In particular, infrared LEDs are particularly suitable for the illumination of many coloring pigments, as they have only negligible absorption in infrared light.
    [0016] Two lighting units of this type of approximate semicircle shape can be arranged opposite and laterally next to the flow of bottles so that the bottles can still pass freely between the light sources. The opposite semicircle of the bottle nozzle and the screw cap of the respective lighting unit is illuminated through both lighting units in a semicircular shape. In short, this way the image of the entire circumference of the bottle nozzle is made on the outside of the plastic screw cap.
    [0017] Regarding the camera, there are several possibilities to register the entire circumference of the screw cap. Thus, for example, four cameras can be arranged laterally above the bottle, so that each camera registers a quadrant of the screw cap. Using a mirrored cabinet, two images can be combined, respectively, in one register, of so that two cameras are sufficient for your control. In addition, it is also possible to record the entire screw cap surface with a camera using a tapered mirror in conjunction with a cylindrical mirror.
    [0018] The position or the rotation position of the bottle in relation to the plastic screw cap can be ascertained based on a mark on the bottle and a mark on the screw cap. Accordingly, one possibility is the application of marks on the bottle as well as on the screw cap, which can be easily identified and can be evaluated using camera technology (camera-CCD) with image processing. The easiest way is to apply a mark on the outer side of the bottle, as well as to place a mark on the surface of the screw cap and then register both from above with one or more cameras and assess the angular misalignment between the plastic screw cap and the bottle. This, from the identification process, is very easy, however, it requires an additional cost in screw caps and bottles.
    [0019] The additional cost in plastic screw caps, however, is relatively low, since these caps are not recycled and returnable bottles receive a new screw cap when they are reused. Preferably, therefore, the screw cap is provided with a mark with at least one mark such that the opening angle of the camera, which is used for image evaluation, always identifies at least one mark.
    [0020] In returnable bottles frequently used in Germany, which do not have any easily identifiable mark, this solution would not be feasible, since the bottles in circulation should be replaced, so that this change would involve a considerably higher cost. However, there is the possibility to identify striking points in the bottle's mouth and use them as marks. Hereby, the invention can also be used in bottles that are in circulation.
    [0021] Preferably, the beginning and / or end of the bottle neck roscano can be used as a mark for determining the rotation position of the bottle.
    [0022] To determine the position of rotation of the bottle, preferably, two marks are evaluated.
    [0023] Preferably, Vent-Slots or aeration grooves, often used in plastic bottles that interrupt the thread threads on the neck of the bottle, are used as key points of the bottle nozzle.
    [0024] Preferably, there is a mark at the beginning and / or at the end of the bottle neck roscano and a second mark are the aeration grooves that interrupt the thread threads on the bottle neck.
    [0025] Special plastic marking is also not necessary on plastic screw caps and details of the usual screw caps are sufficient to determine the rotation position. As a striking point of the screw cap, for example, the predicted breaking point of the safety ring can be used, which in general is arranged in plastic caps and serves as a guarantee of integrity of the contents of the bottle. The safety ring is detached by means of connecting rods at the bottom of the plastic screw cap.
    [0026] As a mark to detect the position of rotation of the screw cap, in addition, the thread of the screw cap, an aeration groove in the screw cap and / or the variation in a striation of the circumference of the cap of the screw cap are taken into account. screw thread.
    [0027] Preferably, at least two marks are also used on the screw cap to determine the rotation position.
    [0028] The other possibilities for determining the rotation position result in an asymmetrical arrangement of the connecting rods, with which the safety ring is fixed as the main part in the shape of the screw cap cover, or through the asymmetric configuration of the circumference of the screw cap, which, in the easiest case, can be obtained by omitting one or more serrated grooves in the circumference of the screw cap. However, any other mark on the circumference of the screw cap is also suitable.
    [0029] Through the special stamping of the screw cap characteristics it is also possible to register the rotation position of the screw cap with a single camera, without having to register the entire circumference area of the screw cap. The circumferential groove of the screw cap can be configured so that it is possible to determine, from the observed cutout, a single angle in relation to a supposed zero line that represents the direction view of the camera. In the circumference of the screw cap, for example, a serration can additionally extend across the helical line over the entire positive or negative stamped circumference, which consists of a single thread of a helical line of great height.
    [0030] Then, the same image can also contain information about the rotation position of the bottle, which, based on the aeration grooves, together with the height of the thread fillet, can be accurately and clearly determined. This can be done as follows: an image cutout of approximately 150 ° from the circumference is inspected through a mirror cabinet. This ensures that at least one clearly visible aeration groove in the bottle nozzle is being seen in the image. In the clearly visible aeration groove, it is then examined at which height it is cut by the individual threads. In this case, under "height" we mean the distance from the top or bottom edge of the screw cap. In the usual four grooves, there are only four sets of corresponding height values for the points of intersection with the thread threads. Therefore, from the image of the aeration grooves it can be clearly determined which of the four aeration grooves it is. Taking into account this information and the known mutual arrangement of the aeration grooves (adding an offset corresponding to the number of the detected groove), as well as the position of the aeration grooves within the image, the angular position of the bottle in relation to the zero line, which is determined by the position of the camera.
    [0031] In the process previously described, the rotation positions of the bottle and the lid are first compared separately with the optical axes of the detection device and then related to each other. In an advantageous configuration of the invention, the rotation positions of the bottle and the cap separately are not compared with the optical axes of the detection device and then related to each other, but a mark of the screw cap is directly related to a mark of the bottle. In this case, this can be used because, generally, the grooves are not only located on the threads of the bottle nozzle, but also on the threads of the plastic cap. The aeration grooves of the plastic screw cap, therefore, can be arranged so that at the predetermined torque value they are exactly opposite to the aeration grooves in the bottle nozzle or have a predetermined angular distance from it. The relative arrangement of the aeration grooves, in particular, can be selected so that the screw cap starts to leak and allows pressure to escape when the aeration grooves are exactly opposite. The greater the tightness of the bottle closure, the greater the distance between the respective aeration grooves. The distance between the opposite aeration grooves in relation to the state in which the torque required to open is optimal is only a few degrees. Therefore, the designation of the aeration slots is always clearly defined, which means that at least one pair of slots is included in the 120 ° viewing angle of a camera and can therefore be performed using a single camera. and the image evaluation can be from a single image.
    [0032] In addition to the individual identification of bottles closed with very little or tightness, the identification can be much more precise as average values are formed depending on the closing head that can provide reliable information about this even after a short time, about which closing heads and in which direction they should be readjusted.
    [0033] The invention can also be used in such a way that, in the event of an unacceptable divergence of the screw cap rotation position from the bottle rotation position, the screw cap rotation position is corrected accordingly. The screw caps can also be initially screwed in with too weak a torque, at which point, by means of the process according to the invention, the angle through which the screw caps must be screwed in even further is determined. By means of an additional cap head, the screw caps can be further screwed or unscrewed.
    [0034] Plastic screw caps can be used in glass bottles as well as plastic bottles and the process according to the invention can be used both in combination with glass bottles as well as in combination with PET bottles. However, the process according to the invention is particularly suitable in combination with PET bottles.
    [0035] An example configuration of the invention is described below based on the drawing of the figures showing in:
    [0036] Figure 1 - The neck arrangement of a bottle with an open screw cap between the lighting unit and the CCD camera.
    [0037] Figure 2 - The bottle nozzle with screw cap open.
    [0038] In the figure 1, the neck and the mouthpiece of a PET beverage bottle 10 are shown. In the mouthpiece of the beverage bottle 10, a screw thread 12 is molded, on which a screw cap 14 is screwed. a surrounding support ring 16 is molded on the neck of the bottle, a few millimeters below the screw thread 12. The screw cap 14 consists of a cap-shaped upper part 18 and a safety ring 20 which, by means of short connecting rods 22 of approximately 1 mm, is detached from the cap-shaped upper part 18.
    [0039] The beverage bottle 10 is transported over an unrepresented courier carrier, in which the transport direction is normal to the drawing plane. On one side (in figure 1, on the left side) of the neck of the beverage bottle 10 there is a lighting unit in the form of an optical fiber 24 and on the opposite side there is a CCD camera 26. The light beam 28 emitted by the fibers optics 24 is located approximately on the optical axis of the CCD camera 26. The end of the optical fibers 24 is positioned below the support ring 16 and points at an angle of approximately 30 ° upwards. The opening angle of the light beam 28 is also approximately 30 °, so that the opposite side of the nozzle area of the beverage bottle 10 is illuminated from the inside. Through the curvature of the threads of the screw thread 12, the relevant part of the light beam 28 is focused on the adjacent inner surface of the part 18 of the screw cap, so that each thread is registered by the CCD camera 26 as a line well defined.
    [0040] The thread threads are interrupted by air-opening slots 30 that run vertically (figure 2). The angular ends of the thread threads along the aeration grooves 30 also concentrate the light and, therefore, can also be clearly identified by the CCD camera 26.
    [0041] Figure 1 shows only one optical fiber 24 and one CCD camera 26, however, in fact, on both sides there are two optical fibers and two CCD cameras, which, respectively, are displaced by approximately 90 ° one on the other, so that the entire circumference of the screw cap 14 is detected.
    [0042] As we can see in figure 2, each air groove 30 interrupts each thread thread at another time. From this, it is possible to determine the angular position or rotation position of the beverage bottle 10 in relation to the angular axis of the CCD camera 26.
    [0043] In figure 2 it is still possible to see that the safety ring 20 has a predicted breaking point 32. Based on this predicted breaking point 32, in addition, it is possible to determine the angular position or rotation position of the screw cap 14 with respect to the angular axis of the CCD 26 camera.
    [0044] From a comparison of the angular position of the beverage bottle 10 and the angular position of the screw cap 14, then, it is possible to determine, to what extent the screw cap 14 was screwed into the beverage bottle 10, that is, the relative angular position of the screw cap 14 in relation to the beverage bottle 10. When this relative angular position deviates more than 7 ° or, preferably, 3 ° from the predicted value of this angular position, then the beverage bottle10 in question is removed from the following production process.Relation of reference numbers 10 Bottle 12 Screw thread 14 Screw cap 16 Support ring 18 Cap-shaped part 20 Security ring 22 Connecting rods 24 Optical fiber 26 CCD camera 28 Light beam 30 Aeration groove 32 Expected breaking point
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    1. Process to check, without contact, if a torque is necessary for opening a plastic screw cap (14) that is screwed onto a bottle (10), corresponds to a predetermined value, in which the cap rotation position plastic thread (14) in relation to the bottle (10) is verified through an image evaluation based on a mark on the bottle (10) and a mark on the screw cap (14), in which the determination of the position of rotation of the bottle (10) or the plastic screw cap (14) is carried out by capturing the external side of the screw cap (14) using a camera (26) and evaluating the image in relation to the rotation position of the screw cap (14) with respect to bottle (10), where the predetermined value of torque corresponds to a predetermined value of the relative rotational position of the screw cap (14) with respect to bottle (10), characterized by the fact that a illumination from inside the bottle mouth is established by means of a light beam (28) of a light source (24), which is directed obliquely below the screw cap (14) upwards on one side of the bottle (10), so that on the opposite side of the bottle (10) the bottle mouth is illuminated by the internal.
    [0002]
    Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottle (10), at least in the area of the neck of the bottle, consists of transparent material.
    [0003]
    Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the beginning and / or end of the screw thread (12) on the neck of the bottle is used as a mark for determining the rotation position of the bottle.
    [0004]
    4. Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that at least two markings are evaluated for determining the rotation position of the bottle (10).
    [0005]
    5. Process according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that one marking is the beginning and / or the end of the screw thread (12) on the neck of the bottle and a second marking is the aeration grooves (30) that interrupt the threads of the screw thread (12) on the neck of the bottle.
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two markings of the screw cap (14) are used to determine the rotation position of the screw cap (14).
    [0007]
    Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a breaking point (32) in a locking ring (20) of the screw cap (14), the cap screw (14), a groove of aeration in the screw cap (14) and / or a variation in a groove in the circumference of the screw cap (14) is used as a marker for determining the rotation position of the screw cap (14).
    [0008]
    8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the screw cap (14) as marking is provided with at least one marking of this type, so that the opening angle of a camera, which is used for the evaluation of an image, it always detects at least one mark.
    [0009]
    Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the screw thread (12) on the neck of the bottle and the screw thread on the screw cap (14) have aeration grooves (30), which in the predetermined torque values are exactly opposite or have a predetermined angular distance from each other.
    [0010]
    10. Device for carrying out the process as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one light source (24) on one side of a stream of bottles (10), which are closed by means of plastic screw caps (14), in which the light source (24) directs a light beam (28) at a point below the screw cap (14) on the respective bottle (10) examined, so that the point opposite on the inner side of the bottle (10) and the screw cap (14) are illuminated with at least one optical detection device (26) on the other side of the bottle flow opposite the light source (24), which registers the image of the external side of the illuminated internal side and with a device for the evaluation of the detected image for the determination of the relative position of the bottle (10) in relation to the screw cap (14).
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-10-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-08-25| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/02/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012003809.7|2012-02-27|
    DE102012003809A|DE102012003809A1|2012-02-27|2012-02-27|Method and device for non-contact testing of the torque required to open a plastic screw cap|
    PCT/EP2013/053662|WO2013127719A1|2012-02-27|2013-02-25|Method and apparatus for checking a screw closure torque without contact|
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