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    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEM FOR ROUTING SIGNS IN A SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTED ANTENNAS A system for routing signals in a Distributed Aliens System includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs) positioned at a Site location. Each of the plurality of local DAUs is coupled together and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUs. Each of the plurality of local DAUs includes one or more Base Transceiver Station (BTS) RF connections. Each of the plurality of BTS RF connections is operable to be coupled to one of one or more sectors of a BTS. The system also includes a plurality of remote DAUs positioned at a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and operable to carry signals between the plurality of remote DAUs.
    公开号:BR112014018841A2
    申请号:R112014018841-6
    申请日:2013-01-31
    公开日:2020-06-23
    发明作者:Patrick STAPLETON Shawn；Shawn Patrick Stapleton；Trajkovic Sasa；Sasa Trajkovic
    申请人:Dali Systems Co., Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The present application claims benefit under the 35 USC $ 119 (e) of the US Provisional Patent Application, filed on January 31, 2012, entitled “Data Transport in a Virtualized Antenna Distribution System” whose description is here incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] [0002] Wireless communication systems that employ Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) are available. A DAS typically includes one or more host units, fiber optic cable or other suitable transport infrastructure, and multiple remote antenna units. A base station is often employed at the host unit location commonly known as a base station hotel, and DAS provides a device for distributing the base station's downlink and uplink signals between multiple remote antenna units . DAS architecture with signal routing to and from remote antenna units can be either fixed or reconfigurable.
    [0003] [0003] A DAS is advantageous from a perspective of signal strength and transmission capacity, because its remote antenna units are physically close to wireless subscribers. The benefits of a DAS include reducing medium downlink transmission power and reducing medium uplink transmission power, as well as improving quality of service and data transmission capacity.
    [0004] [0004] Despite the progress made in wireless communications systems, there is a need for improved methods and systems related to wireless communications. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0005] [0005] The present invention generally relates to wireless communication systems that employ Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) as part of a distributed wireless network. more specifically, the present invention relates to a DAS using a software configurable radio (SCR). In a particular embodiment, the present invention was applied to the use of remote, connected Digital Access Units. The methods and systems described here are applicable to a variety of communication systems including systems using various communication standards.
    [0006] [0006] Wireless and mobile network operators face the continuing challenge of building networks that effectively generate increasing rates of high data traffic. Mobility and a high level of multimedia content for end users typically employs end-to-end network adaptations that support new services and the high demand for broadband and flat-rate Internet access. One of the most difficult challenges encountered by network operators is caused by the physical movement of subscribers from one location to another, and particularly when wireless subscribers congregate in large numbers in one location. A notable example is a business facility during lunch, when a large number of wireless subscribers visit a dining room or cafeteria location in the building. At this time, a large number of subscribers have left their offices and usual areas of work. It is likely that, during lunchtime, there are many places throughout the sunstroke where there are very few subscribers. If the internal wireless network resources were appropriately sized during the design process for loading subscribers as it is during normal working hours when subscribers are in their normal working areas, it is very likely that the lunchtime scenario will present some unexpected challenges with regards to the available wireless capacity and data transmission capacity.
    [0007] [0007] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System is provided. The system includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUSs) positioned in a Location location. Each of the plurality of local DAUSs is coupled together and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUSs. Each of the plurality of local DAUSs includes one or more Base Transceiver Station (BTS) RF connections, each of the plurality of BTS RF connections being operable to be coupled to one of one or more sectors of a BTS. The system also includes a plurality of remote DAUs positioned at a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and operable to carry signals between the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [0008] [0008] In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System is provided. The system includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUSs) positioned in a Location location. The plurality of local DAUs are coupled together and operable to route signals between a plurality of local DAUs. Each of the plurality of local DAUs has one or more RF input connections operable to receive an RF signal from a sector of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS). The system also includes a plurality of remote Digital Access Units (DAUSs) positioned at a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs is coupled with the plurality of local DAUs and coupled together. The system also includes a plurality of DRUs arranged in cells. At least one of the plurality of DRUs is coupled to at least one of the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [0009] [0009] In accordance with a specific embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in an Antenna System
    [00010] [00010] In accordance with another specific embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System is provided. The system includes an operable antenna to receive a signal from a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), an out-of-emission repeater attached to the antenna, and local Digital Access Units (DAU) attached to the out-of-emission repeater. The system also includes a first multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the local DAU, a second multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the first multiplexer / demultiplexer, and a remote DAU coupled to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer. In one embodiment, the BTS is geographically separated from the location of the local DAU.
    [00011] [00011] In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is provided. The system includes a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), each having one or more sectors and a plurality of BTS RF connections, each being coupled to one of one or more sectors. The system also includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs) positioned at a Location location. Each of the plurality of local DAUs is coupled together, operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUSs, and coupled to at least one of the plurality of BTS RF connections. The system also includes a plurality of remote DAUs positioned in a Remote location. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and operable to carry signals between the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [00012] [00012] According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a DAS is provided. The system includes a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs) positioned in a Location location. The plurality of local DAUSs are coupled together and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUs. The system also includes a plurality of remote Digital Access Units (DAUs) positioned at a Remote location, coupled together and operable to carry signals between the remote DAUs and with each other and a plurality of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). The system further includes a plurality of Base Transceiver Station sector RF connections, coupled with the plurality of local and operable DAUSs to route signals between the plurality of local DAUSs and the plurality of RF Transceiver Station sector connections. Base and a plurality of DRUSs, connected to a plurality of remote DAUs via at least one of an Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic cable, RF cable, View Line Microwave Line, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link.
    [00013] [00013] In accordance with yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a system for routing signals in a DAS is provided. The system includes a first BTS having a plurality of sectors and a second BTS having a plurality of sectors. Each of the plurality of sectors of the first BTS includes an RF port operable to receive an RF cable. Each of the plurality of sectors of the second BTS includes an RF port operable to receive an RF cable. The system also includes a first local SAD positioned at a Site location. The first local DAU is connected to an RF port of a first sector of the first BTS via an RF cable and an RF port of a first sector of the second BTS via an RF cable. The system also includes a second local SAD positioned at a Site location. The second local DAU is connected to an RF port of a second sector of the first BTS via an RF cable and an RF port of the second sector of the second BTS via an RF cable. Additionally, the system includes a means of communication connecting the first local DAU and the second local DAU, a multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the first local DAU and the second local DAU, a network connection between the multiplexer / demultiplexer and a second multiplexer / demultiplexer , and a plurality of remote DAUs positioned at a Remote location and connected to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer. The plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and with a server.
    [00014] [00014] Numerous benefits are obtained by means of the present invention over conventional techniques. For example, the embodiments of the present invention can virtually transport hotel base stations to a remote location, which can be a considerable distance from the physical location (e.g., separation kilometers). Additionally, the modalities allow for the ability to route to the remote location. These and other embodiments of the invention together with many of their advantages and features are described in more detail in conjunction with the text below and FIGS. attached. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [00015] [00015] FIG. | is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention showing the basic structure and an example of transport routing based on having multiple 3-sector BTSs with 3 Digital Access Units (DAUs) in a Site location, 3 DAUs in one remote site and RF interfaces at remote sites.
    [00016] [00016] FIG. 2 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention showing the basic structure and an example of transport routing based on having multiple 3-sector BTSs with 3 DAUs at a Site location, 3 DAUs at a remote site and Optical Interfaces in remote locations.
    [00017] [00017] FIG. 3 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention showing the basic structure and an example of transport routing based on having multiple 3-sector BTSs with 3 DAUs in one Location, 3 Digital Remote Units (DRUs) in one remote site and Optical Interfaces at remote sites.
    [00018] [00018] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a DAU, which contains physical Nodes and a Local Router, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    [00019] [00019] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the DRU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    [00020] [00020] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a DAS System according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC MODALITIES
    [00021] [00021] To accommodate variations in wireless subscriber charging at wireless network antenna locations at various times of the day and for different days of the week, there are several conventional candidate proposals.
    [00022] [00022] One proposal is to develop many high-capacity, low-power base stations throughout the entire facility. The number of base stations is determined based on the coverage of each base station and the total space to be covered. Each of these base stations is provisioned with sufficient radio resources, that is, capacity and capacity for broadband data transmission to accommodate the maximum subscriber load that occurs during the course of the workday and workweek. Although this proposal typically produces a high quality of service for wireless subscribers, the notable disadvantage of this proposal is that much of the base station's capacity is being wasted for a great deal of time. Since a typical internal wireless network development involves capital and operating costs that are assessed on a per subscriber basis for each base station, the typically high total lifecycle cost for a given business facility is far beyond optimal. .
    [00023] [00023] A second candidate proposal involves the development of a DAS together with a centralized group of base stations dedicated to the DAS. A conventional DAS development falls into one of two categories. The first type of DAS is "fixed", where the system configuration does not change based on the time of day or other information about usage. Remote units associated with DAS are planned during the design process so that a particular block of base station radio resources is imagined to be sufficient to serve each small group of DAS remote units. A notable disadvantage of this proposal is that most companies seem to undergo frequent rearrangements and reorganizations of the various groups of personnel within the company.
    [00024] [00024] The second type of DAS is equipped with a type of network switch that allows a location and number of remote DAS Units, associated with any particular centralized base station to be changed manually. While this proposal would appear to support the dynamic DAS reconfiguration based on the needs of the company or based on the time of day, it often implies that additional personnel resources would need to be assigned to provide real-time management of the network. Another issue is that it is not always correct or best to make the same configuration changes to the DAS remote unit back and forth on each day of the week at the same times of the day. It is often difficult or impractical for a company IT manager to monitor subscriber load at each base station. And it is almost certain that the company's IT manager has no practical way of determining the load at a given time of day for each DAS remote unit; they can only guess the percentage load.
    [00025] [00025] Another main conventional limitation of DAS developments is related to their installation, commissioning process and optimization. Some of the challenging issues that must be overcome include selecting antenna locations of the remote unit to ensure appropriate coverage, while minimizing downlink interference from external macro cell locations, minimizing uplink interference to external macro cell locations, and ensuring appropriate intersystem maintenance while indoors and while moving from outdoors to indoors (and vice versa). The process of carrying out such development optimization is often characterized as trial and error. Therefore, the results may not be consistent with a high quality of service.
    [00026] [00026] In accordance with the modalities of the present invention, a highly efficient, easily developed and dynamically reconfigurable wireless network is provided. The advanced system architecture provided by modalities of the present invention provides a high degree of flexibility to manage, control, enhance and facilitate the radio resource efficiency, use and overall performance of the distributed wireless network. This advanced system architecture allows specialized applications and improvements including, but not limited to, Flexible Simultaneous Transmission, automatic traffic load balancing, network and radio resource optimization, network calibration, autonomous / assisted commissioning, common carrier use , automatic frequency selection, placement of a Radio Frequency carrier, traffic monitoring, and / or chronological traffic transmission. Modalities of the present invention can also serve multiple operators, multi-mode radios (independent of modulation) and multiple frequency bands per operator to increase the efficiency and traffic capacity of the operator's wireless networks.
    [00027] [00027] Consequently, the modalities of DAS networks provide a capacity for Flexible Simultaneous Transmission (Simulcast). With Flexible Simultaneous Transmission, the amount of radio resources (such as RF carriers, LTE Resource Blocks, CDMA codes or TDMA time slots) assigned to a particular DRU or group of DRUs can be adjusted via software to satisfy the desired capacity and transmission capacity objectives or wireless subscriber needs. Applications of the present invention are suitable for use with distributed base stations, Distributed Antenna systems, distributed repeaters, mobile equipment and wireless terminals, portable wireless devices, and other wireless communication systems, such as microwave communications and satellite.
    [00028] [00028] A Distributed Antenna System (DAS) provides an efficient device for using base station resources. The base station or base stations associated with a DAS can be located in a central location and / or equipment, commonly known as a base station hotel. The DAS network comprises one or more Digital Access Units (DAUs), which act as the interface between base stations and Digital Remote Units (DRUs). DAUs can be placed with base stations. The DRUs can be connected in "daisy" together and / or placed in a star configuration and provide coverage for a given geographic area. DRUs are typically connected to DAUs using a high-speed fiber optic link. This proposal facilitates the transport of RF signals from base stations to a remote location or area served by DRUs. A typical base station comprises 3 independent radio resources, commonly known as sectors. These 3 sectors are typically used to cover 3 separate geographical areas without creating cocanal interference between users in the 3 different sectors. In other modalities, additional sectors are associated with each BTS, for example, up to or more than 12 sectors.
    [00029] [00029] An embodiment shown in FIG. 1 illustrates a DAS network architecture according to one embodiment of the present invention and provides an example of a data transport scenario between multiple 3-sector Base Stations and multiple remotely located DAUs. BTSs 1 through N are connected to DAUI, DAU2, and DAU3 (that is, local DAUSs) by an RF cable, in the illustrated mode. Each of the local DAUSs is connected to server 130. A Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer / Demultiplexer (CWDM) is used to facilitate the transport of data over a single optical fiber 112 from the location location to the remote location. Another modality of the data transport system could use a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM). In the illustrated mode, the DAUs in the Location location are coupled together using cables 140 and 141 to obtain the routing of the RF signals. The DAUs at the remote site are coupled together using cables 142 and 143. In some embodiments, three-sector BTSs are connected to a daisy-connected group of DAUs at both the local and remote locations.
    [00030] [00030] It should be noted that, although FIG. 1 illustrate one or more BTSs 1 through N, BTSs are not required by the present invention and some modalities only include elements illustrated to the right of the Hotel Plan. As will be evident to a person skilled in the art, the systems described here may be operable to connect to BTSs that are provided by different entities, such as telecommunications operators. Thus, some modalities use a DAU that has one or more RF connections from BTS. Each of the one or more BTS RF connections is operable to be coupled to one of one or more sectors of a BTS. As described here, the connection between BTS and DAU can be made using an RF cable, or a combination of RF / wireless and optical cables, depending on the particular implementation.
    [00031] [00031] FIG. | represents a DAS System that employs multiple Digital Access Units (DAUs) at the Location location and multiple Digital Access Units (DAUs) at the remote location. In accordance with the present invention, each SAD provides unique information associated with each SAD, which uniquely identifies data received and transmitted by a particular SAD. As illustrated in FIG. 1, base stations with 3 sectors are connected to one connected in a "daisy" DAS network, although other configurations are included in the scope of the present invention.
    [00032] [00032] A feature of the modalities of the present invention is the ability to route Base Station Radio Resources between DAUs or group (s) of DAUSs. In order to route available radio resources from one or more Base Stations, it is desirable to configure the individual router tables of the DAUs on the DAS network. This functionality is provided by the modalities of the present invention.
    [00033] [00033] The DAUs are connected to the network together to facilitate the routing of signals between the multiple DAUs. DAUs support the transport of RF downlink signals and RF uplink signals between the Base Station and the various DAUs. This architecture allows the various Base Station signals to be transported simultaneously to, and from, multiple DAUs. PEER ports are used to interconnect DAUSs.
    [00034] [00034] DAUs have the ability to control the gain (in small increments over a wide range) of the downlink and uplink signals that are carried between the DAU and the base station (or base stations) connected to that DAU . This capability provides flexibility to simultaneously control uplink and downlink connectivity of the path between a particular Remote DAU (or a group of DAUSs) and a particular base station sector.
    [00035] [00035] A single optical fiber can be used to transport data between local DAUs and remote DAUs through the use of a Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer (CWDM) and Demultiplexer, connected, for example, through the optical cable 112. Modalities of the present invention are not limited to the use of an optical cable 112 and other means of communication may be employed, including Ethernet cable, Microwave Line of View, Wireless, Satellite, or similar.
    [00036] [00036] With reference to FIG. 1, optical fiber 112 connects the local CWDM Multiplexer / demultiplexer to the Remote CWDM Multiplexer / demultiplexer. In the illustrated mode, three outputs are provided by the Remote CWDM Multiplexer / Demultiplexer, for example, three different optical wavelengths. Optical cables 113 connect the Remote CWDM Multiplexer / Demultiplexer to the remote DAUs (DAU 4, DAU 5, and DAU 6). Thus, the modalities of the present invention provide that local DAUs (which can be connected together in the illustrated "daisy" or other configuration) which are connected to Remote DAUs, which can also be connected together in a "daisy" connection or other configuration. As shown in FIG. 1, the cables 140/141 and 142/143, which connect the Local and Remote DAUs, respectively, can be Ethernet cable, Optical Cable, View Link Microwave Line, Wireless Link, Satellite Link, or similar. In addition, although the connections between BTSs and local DAUSs are illustrated as RF cables, this is not required by the modalities of the present invention and other means of communication can be used. In addition, although remote DAUs include an optical cable connection to the Remote CWDM Multiplexer / demultiplexer and an RF cable on the Remote Plan, connections on the Remote Plan (for example, to mobile access equipment) can be made using other means of communication.
    [00037] [00037] As illustrated in FIG. 1 at the remote site, RF outputs are provided by the DAUs in the Remote Plan. In the illustrated mode, the DAUs are interconnected at the remote location (for example, the DAUs are connected at "daisy" at the remote location). Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the RF signals present in the Hotel Plan are replicated in the Remote Plan. In other words, the modalities of the present invention virtualize the Hotel Plan in the Remote Plan. As an example, the signals carried by the RF cable connecting Sector 1 (120) and DAU 1 (102) are available on the RF cable connected to DAU 4 (105). As a result, signals from BTS | up to BTS N are virtually extended from the Hotel Plan to the Remote Plan, which can be physically separated by miles away, overcoming the transmission loss and other advantageous effects that would be produced if the RF cables connected to the BTSs were used in an attempt to bridge the gap between the Hotel Plan and the Remote Plan. The virtual extension of the Hotel Plan to the Remote Plan allows the RF cables in the Remote Plan to be connected to the appropriate equipment, providing the BTSs virtually in the Remote Plan.
    [00038] [00038] The modalities of the present invention provide methods and systems that allow displacement of capacity. As an example, a signal can be routed from BTS 1, sector 1 (121), via an RF cable to DAU1! (102), transported over optical fiber 111 through the local CWDM multiplexer / demultiplexer, over optical cable 112 to the Remote CWDM multiplexer / demultiplexer, through optical cable 113 to DAUA4 (105), and then routed down to DAUS (106) via cable 142 and then supplied via the RF cable connected to DAUS. Thus, using the modalities of the present invention, it is possible to control the transmission of the signal at the remote location from any of the BTS sectors (e.g., BTS1, sector 1). As illustrated, the modalities of the present invention provide the flexibility to route signals from a predetermined RF input cable connected to local DAUs to a predetermined RF output cable connected to remote DAUs. Additionally, in the reverse direction, signals can be routed from a predetermined RF input cable connected to remote DAUs to a predetermined RF output cable connected to local DAUs. As an example, a signal could be received on the RF cable connected to DAUS (106), routed to DAUA4 (105), and then over the network. Thus, the modalities of the present invention provide the flexibility at the remote location to move capacity from one device to another, for example, if the remote DAUs are not physically in the same location, (for example, the DAU4
    [00039] [00039] With reference to FIG. 1, the modalities of the present invention provide for a virtual extension or replication of RF cables in the Hotel Plan to RF cables in the Remote Plan. Thus, BTSs were virtually transported from the base station hotel to the remote location, since the RF cable outlets on the Remote Plan can be identical to the RF cable entries on the Hotel Plan, allowing for the interface with mobile access equipment. Although the connections in the Hotel Plan are illustrated as RF cables, this is not required by the modalities of the present invention and other means of communication are included in the scope of the present invention, including Ethernet cable, Fiber Optics, Microwave Line Vista Connection, Wireless Connection, or Satellite Connection. In some embodiments, the sum is used to provide a system, in which a single DAU port is connected to a plurality of BTSs. For example, BTS 1, sector 1 (120), and BTS N, sector 1 (121) could be added together and then connected to a single port on DAU 1 (102).
    [00040] [00040] In accordance with the modalities of the present invention, DAUs are used in both Local and Remote locations. DAU communicates with a Network Operational Control (NOC). The NOC sends commands and receives information from the DAS network. The DAS network can include a plurality of DAUs and DRUs. The DAU communicates with the DRU network and the DAU sends commands and receives information from the DRUs. DAUs include physical nodes that accept and provide RF signals and optical nodes that carry data. A SAD can include an internal server or an external server. The server is used to archive information in a database, store DAS network configuration information, and perform various traffic-related processing. The server can be used to communicate information from the DAS network to the NOC.
    [00041] [00041] Additionally, the DRU communicates with the DAU. In some modalities, the DRU does not communicate with the NOC. The DRU receives commands from the DAU and provides information to the DAU. DRUs include physical nodes that accept and provide RF signals and optical nodes that carry data. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the use and connection of DAUs to each other at the remote site provides benefits not available on systems where DRUs are used at the remote site, for example, the use of server 131 in connection with remote DAUs, since, in some implementations , a server is not used with remote DRUs. In other implementations, remote DRUs can be coupled together and can be connected to a server, as discussed in relation to FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 1, remote DAUs are connected via cables 142 and 143.
    [00042] [00042] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a DAS System architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this system, one or more of the connections between the BTS sectors and the DAU inputs use a wireless connection for at least a portion of the communication path. As illustrated in FIG. 6, one or more repeaters outside emission (Repeater 1 (142), Repeater 2 (143), and Repeater 3 (144)) receive an RF signal (for example, an analog RF signal) from an antenna ( antennas 610, 611, and 612). The out-of-emission repeater (which can be referred to simply as a repeater) receives the RF signal from the antenna and converts the RF signal to an optical signal that can be carried over an optical cable to a DAU (for example, DAU 1 (102), DAU 2 (103), and DAU 3 (104) The BTS (not shown) located in a location that is geographically separated from the other system elements is coupled to an antenna (not shown) that transmits the wireless signals that are received by the 610, 611, or 612 antennas.
    [00043] [00043] As an example, geographically separated BTSs (not shown) could be located at a given distance, for example, 2 km from facilities containing 142-144 non-emitting repeaters, which receive wireless signals of RF on their respective antennas from one of the remote BTS sectors, and from the DAUs. These modalities provide connectivity to a geographically separated BTS under conditions in which the physical colocalization of this BTS with the other equipment illustrated in FIG. 6, for example, DAUs 1-3, is not convenient or fast.
    [00044] [00044] Thus, the definition of Hotel Plan is not limited to RF connections to BTSs, as discussed in relation to FIG. 1 and illustrated in FIG. 6, but also includes RF connections to one or more antennas that receive signals from the geographically separated BTS. It should be noted that a local SAD can include either one or more RF connections operable to receive an RF signal from a colocalized BTS or one or more optical connections operable to receive an optical signal from an out-of-emission repeater, which may be in communication with the geographically separated BTS. A person with common knowledge in the art would recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives.
    [00045] [00045] As illustrated in FIG. 6, an optical fiber is used to connect Repeaters 1-3 (142, 143, and 144) to DAUs 1-3 (102, 103, and 104). Therefore, DAUs provide inputs for both RF cables, suitable for connections to BTSs, as well as optical cables, suitable for connections to out-of-emission repeaters, which receive signals from remote BTSs.
    [00046] [00046] FIG. 2 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the invention showing the basic structure and an example of transport routing based on having multiple 3-sector BTSs with 3 DAUs in a Location location, 3 DAUs in a remote location and Interfaces Optics in remote locations. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the communication between the plurality of remote DAUs (i.e., DAU 4 (202), DAU 5 (203), and DAU 6 (204)) and the corresponding DRU cells (i.e., Cell 1, Cell 2, and Cell 3) is provided via optical cables 21 1, 212, and 213, respectively. Thus, this architecture provides communication to mobile devices via DRUs.
    [00047] [00047] As shown in FIG. 2, the radio resources of the individual base station sector are transported to a "daisy-connected" network of DRUs. Each radio resource in the individual sector provides coverage for an independent geographic area via networked DRUs. FIG. 2 demonstrates how three cells, each cell comprising an independent network of 7 DRUs, provide coverage for a given geographic area. A server is used to control the switching function provided in the DAS network. With reference to FIG. 2 and by way of example, DAU 1 (205) receives downlink signals and transmits uplink signals from and to the BTS Sector 1 (120). DAU 1 transforms the RF signals to optical signals for the downlink and transforms the optical signals to RF signals for the uplink. The fiber optic cable (215) carries the desired signals to and from the CWDM (221), so that the different optical wavelengths of the DAU are multiplexed and demultiplexed. The optical cable (214) carries all optical signals between CWDM (221) and CWDM (220). DAU 4 (202) carries the optical signal to and from CWDM (220). DAU 4 (202) carries uplink and downlink data to, and from, a "daisy" connection of DRUs. The other DRUs in the "daisy" connection are involved in passing optical signals to the DRU | (247). Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, it will be appreciated that RF 270 cables connect to BTSs.
    [00048] [00048] FIG. 3 represents a DAS System that employs multiple Digital Access Units (DAUs) at the Location location and multiple Digital Remote Units (DRUs) at the remote location. According to the present invention, each DRU provides unique information associated with each DRU, which uniquely identifies data received and transmitted by a particular Digital Remote Unit.
    [00049] [00049] DRU 24 (302) is located at the remote location, and is connected via the "daisy" connection to 7 additional DRU units that occupy Cell 1 (350). Similarly, DRU 25 (303) connects to a "daisy" connection of DRUs occupying Cell 3 and DRU 26 (304) connects to a "daisy" connection of DRUs occupying Cell 2. Remote DRUs 24 , 25 and 26 are interconnected, which facilitates the routing of signals between DRUs. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 provides a "daisy" connection architecture, which can be compared to the star architecture that can be implemented using the modality illustrated in FIG. 2, for example, by providing multiple optical outputs from remote DAUs. As an example, in addition to optical cable 211, an additional optical cable (not shown) could be provided at the output of DAU 2 (202). A person with common knowledge in the art would recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives.
    [00050] [00050] The servers illustrated here, for example, server 330,
    [00051] [00051] FIG. 4 shows the two elements in a DAU, the physical nodes (400) and the local router (401). Physical nodes transform RF signals to baseband for downlink and from baseband to RF for uplink. The Local Router directs traffic between the various LAN Ports, PEER Ports and External Ports. Physical nodes connect to BTS on radio frequencies (RF). Physical nodes can be used for different operators, different frequency bands, different channels, or the like. Physical nodes can combine downlink and uplink signals via a duplexer or they can keep them separate, as would be the case for a simplex configuration.
    [00052] [00052] FIG. 4 shows a modality, whereby the physical nodes have separate outputs for uplinks (405) and separate inputs for downlink paths (404). The physical node transforms signals from RF to the base band for the downlink path and from the base band to RF for the uplink path. Physical nodes are connected to a Local Router via external ports (409,410)). The router directs the uplink data stream from the LAN and PEER ports to the selected External U ports. Similarly, the router directs the downlink data stream from the
    [00053] [00053] In one embodiment, the LAN and PEER ports are connected via an optical fiber to the network of DAUs and DRUs. The network connection may also use copper interconnections, such as CAT 5 or 6 cabling, or other appropriate interconnection equipment. The DAU is also connected to the Internet network using IP (406). An Ethernet connection (408) is also used to communicate between the Host Unit and the DAU. The DRU can also connect directly to the Remote Operational Control Center (407) via the Ethernet port.
    [00054] [00054] FIG. 5 shows the two elements in a DRU, the physical nodes (501) and the remote router (500). The DRU includes both a Remote Router and physical Nodes. The Remote Router directs traffic between LAN Ports, External Ports and PEER Ports. Physical nodes connect to BTS on radio frequencies (RF). Physical nodes can be used for different operators, different frequency bands, different channels, etc. FIG. 5 shows a modality, whereby the physical nodes have separate inputs for the uplinks (504) and separate outputs for the downlink paths (503). The physical node transforms signals from RF to the base band for the uplink path and from the base band to RF for the downlink path. Physical nodes are connected to a Remote Router via external ports (506.507). The router directs the downlink data stream from the LAN and PEER ports to the selected external D Ports. Similarly, the router directs the uplink data stream from the External U ports to the selected LAN and PEER ports. The DRU also contains an Ethernet Switch (505), so that a remote computer or wireless access points can connect to the Internet.
    [00055] [00055] In some modalities, the DAU is connected to a host / server unit, while the DRU does not connect to a host / server unit. In these modalities, parameter changes to the DRU are received from a DAU, with the central unit that updates and reconfigures the DRU as part of the DAU, which can be connected to the Host Unit / server. Modalities of the present invention are not limited to these modalities, which are described for explanatory purposes only.
    [00056] [00056] It is also understood that the examples and modalities described here are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or alterations in the light of them will be suggested to persons specialized in the art and should be included in the spirit and scope of this request and scope of attached claims.
    [00057] [00057] The Table | is a glossary of terms used here, including acronyms. Table 1 Glossary of ACLR Terms ACPR Adjacent Channel Leak Ratio ADC Adjacent Channel Energy Ratio Analog to Digital Converter AQDM Analog Quadrature Demodulator AQM Analog Quadrature Modulator AQDMC Analog Quadrature Demodulator Corrector AQMC Analog Quadrature Modulator Corrector BPF CDMA Bandpass Filter CFR Code Division Multiple Access DAC Crest Factor Reduction Digital to Analog Converter DET Detector DHMPA Digital Hybrid Mode Power Amplifier DDC Converter Digital Reducer DNC Converter Reducer
    DPA Doherty Power Amplifier DQDM Digital Quadrature Demodulator DQM Digital Quadrature Modulator DSP Digital Signal Processing DUC Digital Elevator Converter EF Envelope Elimination and Restoration ET Envelope Tracking EVM Envelope Tracking Error Vector Magnitude FFLPA Linear Power Amplifier FIR Forward Power Supply Finite Pulse Response FPGA GSM Field Programmable Port Arrangement Global System for Mobile Communications HQ In Phase / Quadrature F Intermediate Frequency LINC Linear Amplification using Non-Linear Components LO Local Oscillator LPF Low Pass Filter MCPA Multi Power Amplifier -MDS Carrier OFDM Multi-Directional Research Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing PA Power Amplifier PAPR Peak Power Ratio for PD Average Base Band Pre-distortion PLL Link QAM Phase Locked QPSK Quadrature Amplitude Shift Switching Phase by
    RF Quadrature Radio Frequency RRH Remote Radio Head RRU Remote Radio Head Unit SAW Surface Acoustic Wave Filter UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UPC Elevator Converter WCDMA WLAN Broadband Code Multiple Division Wireless Local Area Network
    权利要求:
    Claims (26)
    [1]
    1. System for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System, the system characterized by the fact that it comprises: a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs) positioned in a Local location, each of the plurality of local DAUs being coupled together and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUs, each of the plurality of local DAUs includes one or more RF Transceiver Base Station (BTS) connections, each of the plurality of BTS RF connections being operable to be coupled to one of one or more sectors of a BTS; and a plurality of remote DAUs positioned at a Remote location, wherein the plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and operable to carry signals between the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of local DAUSs is coupled via at least one of the Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, View Line Microwave Line, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link .
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of remote DAUs is coupled via at least one of the Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, View Line Microwave Line, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link .
    [4]
    System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises a local multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the plurality of local DAUs and a remote multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the plurality of remote DAUs where the local multiplexer / demultiplexer and the multiplexer / Remote demultiplexers are connected via at least one of the Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, View Line Microwave Line, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the local multiplexer / demultiplexer and the remote multiplexer / demultiplexer comprise at least one of CWDM or DWDM systems.
    [6]
    6. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of local DAUs is connected to the plurality of remote DAUs via at least one CWDM multiplexer / demultiplexer and at least one optical fiber.
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of remote DAUs includes one or more Optical Interfaces or one or more RF Interfaces.
    [8]
    8. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of remote DAUs includes one or more Optical Interfaces.
    [9]
    9. System according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the one or more Optical Interfaces comprise an optical input and an optical output.
    [10]
    10. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a server coupled to each of the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [11]
    11. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the plurality of local DAUs is connected to the plurality of remote DRUs via at least one DWDM and at least one optical fiber.
    [12]
    12. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a single DAU port is operable to be connected to a plurality of BTSs.
    [13]
    13. System for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System, the system characterized by the fact that it comprises: a plurality of local Digital Access Units (DAUs)
    positioned at a Location location, where the plurality of local DAUs are coupled together and operable to route signals between the plurality of local DAUSs, each of the plurality of local DAUs having one or more RF input connections operable to receive a RF signal from a sector of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS); a plurality of remote Digital Access Units (DAUSs) positioned at a Remote location, where the plurality of remote DAUs is coupled with the plurality of local DAUSs and coupled together; and a plurality of DRUs arranged in cells, wherein at least one of the plurality of DRUs is coupled to at least one of the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [14]
    System according to claim 13, characterized in that the plurality of remote DAUs is coupled to the plurality of local DAUSs using a multiplexer / demultiplexer set.
    [15]
    System according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one of the plurality of DRUs is coupled to at least one of the plurality of remote DAUs using an optical fiber.
    [16]
    16. System according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a server coupled to each of the plurality of remote DAUs.
    [17]
    17. System for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System, the system characterized by the fact that it comprises: a first BTS having a plurality of sectors, in which each of the plurality of sectors includes an RF port operable to receive a cable RF; a second BTS having a plurality of sectors, each of the plurality of sectors includes an RF port operable to receive an RF cable; a first local SAD positioned in a location of
    Local, in which the first local SAD is connected to an RF port of a first sector of the first BTS via an RF cable and an RF port of a first sector of the second BTS via an RF cable; a second local SAD positioned at the Location location, where the second local SAD is connected to an RF port of a second sector of the first BTS via an RF cable and an RF port of the second sector of the second BTS via a RF cable; a means of communication connecting the first local SAD and the second local SAD; a multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the first local SAD and the second local SAD; a network connection between the multiplexer / demultiplexer and a second multiplexer / demultiplexer; and a plurality of remote DAUs positioned at a Remote location and connected to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer, wherein the plurality of remote DAUs are coupled together and with a server.
    [18]
    18. System according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the plurality of sectors comprises three sectors.
    [19]
    19. System according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the means of communication comprise at least one of an Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, Microwave Line of View Link, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link.
    [20]
    20. System according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the network connection comprises at least one of an Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, View Link Microwave Line, Wireless Link, or Satellite Link.
    [21]
    21. System according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the plurality of remote DAUs is connected using at least one of an Ethernet cable, Fiber Optic, Microwave Line of
    Vista Connection, Wireless Connection, or Satellite Connection.
    [22]
    22. System for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System, the system characterized by the fact that it comprises: an operable antenna to receive a signal from a Base Transceiver Station (BTS); an out-of-emission repeater attached to the antenna; Local Digital Access Units (DAU) coupled to the out-of-emission repeater; a first multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the local SAD; a second multiplexer / demultiplexer coupled to the first multiplexer / demultiplexer; and a remote DAU coupled to the second multiplexer / demultiplexer.
    [23]
    23. System according to claim 22, characterized by the fact that the out-of-emission repeater is coupled to the antenna using an RF connection.
    [24]
    24. System according to claim 22, characterized by the fact that an RF connection from a remote SAD replicates the RF connection of the out-of-emission repeater.
    [25]
    25. System according to claim 22, characterized by the fact that a local DAU is coupled to the out-of-emission repeater using a fiber optic connection.
    [26]
    26. System according to claim 22, characterized in that a local DAU further comprises an RF connection operable to receive an RF signal from a second BTS.
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