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    • 专利摘要:
    CONCRETE BRIDGE SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS. The present invention relates to a concrete gallery assembly that includes a set of spaced elongated bases, a plurality of precast concrete gallery sections supported by the bases. Each section of concrete gallery has an open bottom, an arched top wall and spaced side walls to define a passage between it, each side wall down and out from the top wall. Each of the side walls has a substantially planar inner surface and a substantially planar outer surface. First and second sections of arc sides each joining one of the side walls to the top wall. Each side wall is tapered from the top to the bottom so that the thickness of each side wall decreases when moving from the top of each side surface to the bottom of each side wall. A bottom portion of each side wall has an outer vertical plane extending upwards from a horizontal bottom surface thereof.
    公开号:BR112014018805B1
    申请号:R112014018805-0
    申请日:2013-01-31
    公开日:2021-01-26
    发明作者:Scott D. Aston；Michael G. Carfagno；Philip A. Creamer
    申请人:Contech Engineered Solutions LLC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CROSS REFERENCES
    [0001] This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Applications in series 61 / 595,404, filed on February 6, 2012; 61 / 598,672, deposited on February 14, 2012; and 61 / 714,323, filed on October 16, 2012, each of which is incorporated into this document by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD
    [0002] The present application refers to the general technique of structural, bridge and geotechnical engineering and to the particular field of bridge structures and concrete galleries. BACKGROUND
    [0003] Overloaded bridge structures are often formed of precast or molded reinforced concrete on site and are used in the case of bridges to support a first path over a second path, which may be a waterway, a traffic route, or, in the case of other structures, a buried or similar storage space (for example, for rainwater retention). The term "overloaded bridge" will be understood from the teaching of the present disclosure and, in general, as used in this document, an overloaded bridge is a bridge formed of bridge elements or units that rest on a foundation with soil or similar resting on it and its surroundings to support and stabilize the structure and, in the case of a bridge, to provide the surface (or support surface for) the first path.
    [0004] In any system used for bridges, particularly current crossings, engineers are looking for a superior blend of hydraulic and material opening efficiency. In the past, precast bridge units of various configurations have been used, including four side units, three side units and true arches (for example, continuously bending units). The historical systems of three-sided and four-sided box-type or rectangular units prove to be ineffective in their structural form which requires thicknesses of top slab and large side walls to obtain the desired spans. Historic arc shapes prove to be very effective in transporting structural loads, but are limited by their reduced hydraulic opening area. An improvement, as shown and described in US Patent No. 4,993,872, was introduced that combined vertical side walls and an arched top, which provided a benefit with respect to this balance of hydraulic gap area to structural effectiveness. One of the biggest drivers for the structural effectiveness of any gallery / bridge shape is the angle of the corners. The closer to 90 degrees in the corner, the greater the bending moment and therefore the thicker the cross section of the arc sides needs to be. Thus, the current vertical side and arched top shape is still limited by the corner angle, which, although improved, is still one hundred and fifteen degrees.
    [0005] A variation of the historic flat top shape has also been introduced, as shown in US Patent No. 7,770,250, which combines a horizontal flat top with an extended outward leg of uniform thickness. The resulting shape provides some improvements to hydraulic efficiency versus the flat top by adding the open area and also provides some improvement by structurally leveling the angle between the top and legs to about one hundred and ten degrees. However, flat tops are severely limited in their ability to achieve the largest spans needed for many applications (for example, the effective limit for flat top spans is in the range of 9.1440 m to 12.192 m (thirty to forty feet).
    [0006] An improved bridge system can therefore be advantageous for the industry. SUMMARY
    [0007] In one aspect, the mounting of a concrete gallery for installation on the ground includes a set of elongated specified bases and a plurality of precast concrete gallery sections supported by the bases in side-by-side alignment. Each of the concrete gallery sections has an open bottom, a top wall and side walls spaced to define a passage under it. Each of the side walls extends downwardly and outwardly from the top wall and has a substantially planar inner surface and a substantially planar outer surface. The top wall has an inner arc-shaped surface and an outer arc-shaped surface and a substantially uniform thickness. First and second sections of arc sides each join one of the side walls to the top wall, each section of arc sides defining a corner thickness greater than the thickness of the top wall. For each side wall an interior angle as well as an exterior angle is defined. The angle of the inner sidewall is defined by the intersection of a foreground on which the inner surface of the sidewall meets and a second plane that is perpendicular to the radius that defines at least part of the inner surface in the arc form of the top wall in a first point along the arc-shaped inner surface of the top wall. The angle of the outer sidewall defined by the intersection of a third plane on which the outer surface of the sidewall is located and a fourth plane that is perpendicular to a radius that defines at least part of the arc-shaped outer surface of the top wall in a second point along the outer surface in the form of an arc. The third plane is not parallel to the first plane. The angle of the inner sidewall is at least one hundred and thirty degrees and the angle of the outer sidewall is at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees, with the angle of the outer sidewall being different from the angle of the inner sidewall. Each side wall is tapered from the top to the bottom so that the thickness of each side wall decreases when moving from the top of each side wall to the bottom of each side wall.
    [0008] In an implementation of the above aspect, for each side wall of each section of concrete gallery, an angle of intersection between the first plane and the third plane is at least 1 degree.
    [0009] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of the preceding two paragraphs, for each gallery section, a ratio of the thickness of the arc sides to the thickness of the top wall is no more than about 2.30.
    [0010] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding three paragraphs, for each concrete gallery section, the inner surface of each side wall intersects with an inner surface of its adjacent arc side section in one interior arc sides intersection line, a vertical distance between the defined interior arc sides intersection line and top dead center of the top wall's arc-like inner surface being between no more than eighteen percent (18% ) of a radius of curvature of the inner surface in the form of an arc of the top wall at the top dead center.
    [0011] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding four paragraphs, for each concrete gallery section, the inner surface of each side wall intersects with an inner surface of its adjacent arc side section in one inner arc side intersection line, the arc side section includes an outer corner that is spaced laterally outward from the inner arc side intersection line, and a horizontal distance between each inner arc side intersection line, and the corresponding outer corner is no more than about 91% of the horizontal width of the bottom surface of the sidewall.
    [0012] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding five paragraphs, for each concrete gallery assembly, a distance between the inner surface at the bottom of one side wall and the inner surface at the bottom of the other side wall defines a bottom span of the unit, the bottom span is greater than a radius of curvature of the inner surface in the form of an arc of the top wall at the top dead center.
    [0013] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding six paragraphs, for each concrete gallery section, the thickness at the bottom of each sidewall is no more than 90% of the thickness of the top wall at top dead center of the top wall.
    [0014] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding seven paragraphs, for each concrete gallery section, a bottom portion of each side wall of each gallery section includes a vertical flat segment on the outer surface .
    [0015] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding eight paragraphs, each end unit of the plurality of concrete gallery sections includes a corresponding main wall assembly positioned on the top and side walls.
    [0016] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding nine paragraphs, each main wall assembly includes a top main wall portion and side main wall portions that are formed unitary with each other and connected to the top wall and side walls by at least one buttress structure on the top wall and at least one buttress structure on each side wall. In another implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding nine paragraphs, each main wall assembly includes a top main wall portion and side main wall portions that are formed of at least two separate pieces, the wall assembly main connected to the top wall and the side walls by at least one buttress structure on the top wall and at least one buttress structure on each side wall.
    [0017] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding ten paragraphs, each section of arc sides includes an internal surface defined by a radius of arc sides, for each side wall the first point is where the radius that defines an inner arc-shaped surface of the top wall meets the radius of arc sides associated with the side wall.
    [0018] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding eleven paragraphs, each section of concrete gallery is formed in two halves, each half formed by a side wall and a portion of the top wall, the two portions secure top joints along a junction in a central portion of the top wall of the gallery section.
    [0019] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of any of the preceding twelve paragraphs, for each side wall the first point is a location where the inner arc-shaped surface meets an inner surface of the adjacent arc-side section to the side wall and the second point is either a location where the outer arc-shaped surface intersects the third plane or a location where the outer arc-shaped surface meets a planar end outer surface portion of the top wall in the section of arc sides.
    [0020] In another aspect, a method is provided for fabricating a section of concrete gallery having an open bottom, a top wall and spaced side walls to define a passage under it, each of the side walls having a substantially internal surface planar and a substantially planar outer surface, the top wall having an arc-shaped inner surface and an arc-shaped outer surface and a substantially uniform thickness, each side wall having varying thickness that decreases when moving from the top of each side wall to the bottom of each side wall, first and second sections of arc sides, each section of arc sides joining one of the side walls to the top wall, and each section of arc sides defining a greater corner thickness than than the thickness of the top wall. The method involves providing a mold system in which, for each sidewall, a portion of the inner mold structure defines the position of the inner surface of the sidewall and a portion of the outer mold structure defines the position and orientation of the outer surface of the sidewall, the outer mold frame portion arranged to pivot or move along a surface of the top wall mold frame portion, based on an established bottom span or height of rise for the gallery section, pivoting the outer mold frame portion or moving the outer mold frame portion to a position that fixes a relative angle between the inner mold frame portion and the outer mold frame portion; and filling the mold structure with concrete to produce the gallery section.
    [0021] In an implementation of the method of the preceding paragraph, the mold structure rests on one face and the outer mold structure portion for each side wall includes a bottom side arranged to slide along a seat structure of corresponding side wall mold.
    [0022] In an implementation of the method of either of the preceding two paragraphs, a bottom mold structure is positioned between the inner mold structure and the outer mold structure to define the desired width for the resulting sidewall bottom surface .
    [0023] In another aspect, a concrete gallery assembly for installation on the ground includes a set of elongated spaced bases, and a plurality of precast concrete gallery sections supported by the bases in side-by-side alignment. Each of the concrete gallery sections has an open bottom, a top wall and side walls spaced to define a passage under it. Each of the side walls extends downwardly and outwardly from the top wall and has a substantially planar inner surface and a substantially planar outer surface. The top wall has an inner arc-shaped surface and an outer arc-shaped surface, first and second arc side sections, each arc side section joining one of the side walls to the top wall, each side section of arc defining a corner thickness greater than the thickness of the top wall. Each side wall is tapered from the top to the bottom so that the thickness of each side wall decreases when moving from the top of each side wall to the bottom of each side wall. A ratio of the thickness of the arc sides to the top wall thickness at the top dead center is no more than about 2.30. The inner surface of each sidewall intersects with an inner surface of its adjacent arc side section on an inner arc side intersection line, and each arc side section includes an outer corner that is spaced laterally out of the line. of intersection of inner arc sides. A horizontal distance between each intersecting line of inner arc sides and the corresponding outer corner is no more than about 91% of a horizontal width of the bottom surface of the sidewall, the thickness at the bottom of each sidewall is no more than 90% of the thickness of the top wall in the top dead center of the top wall, and a ratio of a first vertical distance over a second vertical distance is at least about 55%, where the first vertical distance is the vertical distance between the height of the outer corner of the arc sides and the height of the center's dead center of the outer surface in the form of an arc of the top wall, and the second vertical distance is the vertical distance between the height of an intersecting line of inner arc sides and the top dead center height of the inner surface in the arc shape of the top wall.
    [0024] In an implementation of the concrete gallery assembly of the preceding paragraph, each concrete gallery section is formed in two halves, each half formed by a side wall and a portion of the top wall, the two top portions held together along a junction in a central portion of the top wall of the gallery section.
    [0025] In another aspect, a concrete gallery section includes an open bottom, a top wall and side walls spaced to define a passage under it, each of the side walls extending downward and outward from the top wall. Each of the side walls has a substantially planar inner surface and a substantially planar outer wall, and the top wall has an arc-shaped inner surface and an arc-shaped outer surface and a substantially uniform thickness. The first and second sections of arc sides each join one of the side walls to the top wall, each section of arc sides defining a corner thickness greater than the thickness of the top wall. For each sidewall an angle of the lower sidewall is defined by the intersection of a foreground in which the inner surface of the sidewall meets and a second plane that is perpendicular to a radius that defines at least part of the inner surface in the form of an arc of the top wall at a first point along the arc-shaped inner surface of the top wall. An outer sidewall angle is defined by the intersection of a third plane on which the outer surface of the sidewall meets and a fourth plane that is perpendicular to a radius that defines at least part of the outer surface in the arc form of the top wall. at a point along the outer surface in the form of an arc, the foreground being not parallel to the foreground. The angle of the inner sidewall is at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees, the angle of the outer sidewall is at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees, the angle of the outer sidewall is different from the angle of the inner sidewall. Each side wall is tapered from the top to the bottom so that the thickness of each side wall decreases when moving from the top of each side wall to the bottom of each side wall.
    [0026] In an implementation of the gallery section of the preceding paragraph, a ratio of a first vertical distance over a second vertical distance is at least about 55%, where the first vertical distance is the vertical distance between the height of the corner outside of the arc sides and the top dead center height of the arc surface of the top wall, and the second vertical distance is the vertical distance between the height of a defined inner arc side intersection line and the top dead center height of the inner surface in the arc shape of the top wall.
    [0027] In an implementation of the gallery section of either of the preceding two paragraphs, each arc side section includes an inner surface defined by a radius of arc sides, the first point being where the radius that defines the inner surface in the arc form of the top wall meets the radius of arc sides.
    [0028] In an implementation of the gallery section of any of the preceding three paragraphs, the concrete gallery section consists of two halves, each half formed by a side wall and a portion of the top wall, the two top portions secure together along a junction in a central portion of the top wall of the gallery section.
    [0029] In an implementation of the gallery section of any of the preceding four paragraphs, each side wall has an outer vertical plane extending upwards from a horizontal bottom surface thereof.
    [0030] In another aspect, a concrete gallery assembly for installation on the ground includes a set of elongated spaced bases, a plurality of precast concrete gallery sections supported by the bases in side-by-side alignment. Each of the concrete gallery sections has an open bottom, an arc-shaped sidewall and spaced sidewalls to define a passage under it, each of the sidewalls extending downward and outward from the top. Each of the side walls has a substantially planar inner surface and a substantially planar outer surface. The first and second arc side sections each join one of the side walls to the top wall, each arc side section defining a corner thickness greater than a top wall thickness. Each side wall is tapered from the top to the bottom so that the thickness of each side wall decreases when moving from the top of each side wall to the bottom of each side wall. A bottom portion of each side wall has an outer vertical plane extending upwards from a horizontal bottom surface thereof, where the outer vertical plane is between about 7.62 cm (3 inches) to 17.78 cm (7 inches) high.
    [0031] In an implementation of the gallery assembly of the preceding paragraph, each section of concrete gallery is formed in two halves, each half formed by a side wall and a portion of the top wall, the two top portions held together along of a junction in a central portion of the top wall of the gallery section.
    [0032] In an implementation of the gallery assembly of either of the preceding two paragraphs, each gallery section is seated on top of a foundation system and the exterior vertical plane of each gallery section is confined to the lateral support structure of the foundation system.
    [0033] In an implementation of the gallery assembly of any of the preceding three paragraphs, the foundation system includes precast concrete units and cast concrete on site, the side support structure is cast concrete on site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0034] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a modality of a gallery section;
    [0035] Figure 2 is a side elevation of the gallery section of figure 1;
    [0036] Figure 3 is an end elevation of the gallery section of figure 1;
    [0037] Figure 4 is a partial lateral elevation showing the arc sides of the gallery section of figure 1;
    [0038] Figure 4A is a partial lateral elevation showing an alternative configuration of the external surface in the region of the top wall and arc sides;
    [0039] Figure 5 is a side elevation showing configurations corresponding to various heights of ascent;
    [0040] Figure 6 is a partial schematic view of a mold system used to produce the gallery section of figure 1;
    [0041] Figure 7 is a partial lateral elevation showing the arc sides of the gallery section of figure 1;
    [0042] Figure 8 is a perspective view of another modality of a gallery section;
    [0043] Figure 9 is a side elevation of the gallery section of figure 8;
    [0044] Figure 10 is a partial side elevation of the gallery section of figure 8 at the top of a base;
    [0045] Figures 11-14 show an embodiment of a plurality of gallery sections according to figure 1 arranged side by side on spaced bases, with each end unit including a main wall assembly;
    [0046] Figure 15 shows a lateral elevation describing the representative reinforcement within the concrete gallery section and generally functioning in the vicinity of and along the inner and outer surfaces of the top wall and the side walls; and
    [0047] Figures 16-18 show an alternative form of a mold system for building the units;
    [0048] Figures 19-21 show a gallery assembly at the top of a modality of a foundation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0049] With reference to figures 1-3, seen in perspective, in side elevation and in end elevation of an advantageous precast concrete gallery unit / section 10 are shown. The gallery unit 10 includes an open bottom 12, a top wall 14 and spaced side walls 16 to define a passage under it. Each side wall has a substantially planar inner surface 20 and a substantially planar outer surface 22. The top wall has an arc-shaped inner surface 24 and an arc-shaped outer surface 26 and a substantially uniform thickness TTW. In various implementations, the arc-shaped inner surface and the arc-shaped outer surface each can be composed of or defined by (i) a respective single radius, (ii) a respective set of radios joined together (for example, the surface is curved along the entire length) or (iii) in some cases, planar sections may include either the most central region of each arc-shaped surface or the end portion of each arc-shaped surface. As used herein, the term "in the form of an arc", when referring to such surfaces, encompasses all of these variations. The arc side sections 28 connect each side wall 16 to the top wall 14.
    [0050] Each section of arc sides has a THS corner thickness greater than the TTW thickness of the top wall. In this regard, the THS corner thickness is measured perpendicular to the curved inner surface 30 of the arc-sided section along a line passing through the outer corner 32 of the arc-sided section. Although the greater corner thickness of a unit as compared to the thickness of the sidewall and top wall of the same unit is critical to the structural performance of the unit, the present gallery unit is configured to more effectively distribute the load from the wall from top to the side walls of the present gallery unit so that the corner thickness of the present gallery unit can be reduced compared to the prior art gallery units.
    [0051] In this regard, and with reference to the partial view of figure 4, an angle of the inner side wall 0ISWA between the sidewall 16 and the top wall 14 is defined by the intersection of a plane 34 on which the inner surface of the wall side and a line or plane 36 which is tangent to the inner surface 24 of the top wall at the point or line 38 where the inner surface of the top wall 24 meets the inner surface of arc sides 30 (for example, where the surface of unitary transitions from the RTW radius to the RH radius defining the arc sides of the inner surface). Thus, the plane 36 is perpendicular to the RTW radius that defines the arc-shaped inner surface of the top wall at a point 38 where the RTW radius stops and the RH radius starts. In some implementations, RTW will define the entire span of the inner surface 24 from arc sides to arc sides. In other implementations, the central portion of the top wall inner surface 24 can be defined by a radius and the side portions of the inner surface 24 can be defined by a smaller RTW radius. The illustrated unit 10 is constructed so that the angle of the inner sidewall ΘISWA is at least one hundred and thirty degrees, and more preferably at least one hundred and thirty five degrees. This relative angle between the top wall and the side wall reduces the bending moment in the arc side section as compared to prior art units, allowing the thickness of the arc side sections 28 to be reduced and the amount of steel used on arc side sections is reduced, resulting in a reduction in the required material, along with a corresponding reduction in unit weight and material cost per unit. In addition, the center of gravity of the total unit is moved downwards by reducing the concrete in the arc side sections, thereby placing the center of gravity close to the intermediate point along the entire width or height of the unit's ascent. As the units will generally be transported by placing in opposition to the vertical, and it is desirable to place the center of gravity in alignment with the center line of the vehicle bed used to transport the units, this decrease in the center of gravity can facilitate the proper placement of units with a greater total height in the vehicle bed without requiring as much shoulder as the prior art units.
    [0052] This reduction in the use of concrete can be further improved by the appropriate configuration of the side walls 16 of the unit. Specifically, an angle of the outer sidewall 0ESWA between the top wall 14 and the sidewall 16 is defined by the intersection of a plane 42 on which the outer surface 22 of the sidewall meets and a line or plane 44 that is tangent to the surface. outer wall 26 at the point or line 46 where the outer surface 26 intersects the plane 42. Note that for the purpose of assessing the angle of the outer sidewall, the outer surface of the top wall is considered to extend to the along the entire span at the top of the unit (for example, from corner 32 to corner 32). The radius that defines the outer surface 26 of the top wall near the corners 32 can typically be RTW + TTW, but in some cases, the radius of the outer surface 26 in the corner or edge region can vary. In other cases, particularly for larger spans, as shown in figure 4A, the corner or edge regions of the outer surface 26 may include planar end portions 27, in which case the plane 44 'may in fact be perpendicular to the radius (for example, example, RTW + TTW) that defines the outer surface 26 at the point or line 29 where that radius (for example, RTW + TTW) meets the planar end portion 27 of the surface 26.
    [0053] As shown, the outer side wall plane 42 is non-parallel to the inner side wall plane 34, so that each side wall 16 is tapered from top to bottom, with the thickness along the height of the side wall decreasing over time. move from the top of each side wall down towards the bottom of each side wall. In this regard, the thickness of the TSW sidewall at any point along its height is taken along a line that runs perpendicular to the plane of the inner sidewall 34 (for example, such as line 48 in figure 4). By using tapered side walls, the thickness of the bottom portion of the side wall (for example, where the loads are smaller) can be reduced. Preferably, the thickness at the bottom of each side wall can be no more than about 90% of the thickness of the top wall, resulting in more concrete savings as compared to units in which all walls are of uniform and common thickness. Generally, in the preferred configuration for concrete reduction, the outer sidewall angle is different from the inner sidewall angle, and is significantly larger than the angles used in the past, so that the 0ESWA outer sidewall angle is at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees and, in many cases, at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees. An angle of intersection 0PI between the plane 34 on which the inner surface is located and the plane 42 on which the outer surface is located can be between 1 and 20 degrees (for example, between 1 and 4 degrees), depending on the length of the bottleneck, which can vary as described in more detail below. In certain implementations, the 0PI angle is preferably at least about 2-4 degrees.
    [0054] In general, the configuration of gallery section 10 allows both superior hydraulic and structural efficiencies for previously known galleries. Hydraulic efficiency is achieved by a large bottom span that is better able to handle the most common low-flow storm events. Structural efficacy is achieved by the larger side wall for the top wall angle that allows the thickness of the arc sides to be reduced, and enabling effective longer span units, for example, spans of 14.6304 m (48 feet and larger). The reduced corner thickness and tapered legs reduce the total material cost for concrete, and make it possible to use smaller crane sizes (or longer parts for the same crane size) during installation on site due to the weight advantage.
    [0055] The tapered sidewall aspect described above can be more effectively used by varying the degree of tapering according to the rise height to be obtained by the precast concrete unit. Specifically, and with reference to the lateral elevation of figure 5, the height of rise of a given unit is defined by the vertical distance from the bottom edges 50 of the side walls 16 to the top dead center 52 of the inner surface in the form of an arc 24 of the top wall 14. Three different rise heights are illustrated in figure 5, with the rise height R1 being the rise height for the unit shown in figures 1 to 3, the rise height R2 being a lower rise height and the height of ascent R3, the height of ascent being greater. As shown, the sidewall taper varies as between the three different ascent heights, using a constant top span STW defined as the horizontal distance between the corners of arc sides 32. Notably, in one embodiment, the tapering of sidewall is more aggressive in the case of the lower rise height R2 as demonstrated by the outer sidewall surface 22 'shown in the form of a dashed line, and the sidewall taper is less aggressive in the case of the higher rise height R3 as demonstrated by outer side wall surface 22 "shown in the form of a dashed line. This variation in the taper is obtained by varying the angle of the outer side wall 0ESWA (figure 4) according to the height of the bottom span for the unit to be produced. Each bottom span (SBR1, SBR2, SBR3) is defined as the horizontal distance between the bottom edges of the inner side wall surfaces 20. The bottom span is preferred significantly larger than the arc radius of curvature of the inner surface in the arc shape of the top wall at the top dead center to provide an effective waterway area to decrease storm flow events (for example, in the case of intersections stream or stream). As shown in figure 5, the inner surface 20 of the sidewalls varies in length over different heights of elevation, but the angle of the inner sidewall does not vary.
    [0056] In order to obtain the variable sidewall tapering aspect, a mold system is used in which, for each sidewall, a portion of the inner mold structure to define the angle of the inner sidewall is fixed and a portion of outer mold structure defining the angle of the outer sidewall may vary when pivoting. The pivot point for each outer mold frame portion is the outer corner 32 of the arc sides section. Based on a desired bottom span or rise height for the gallery section to be produced using the particular shape, the outer mold frame portion is pivoted to a position that fixes the appropriate outer sidewall angle and the frame portion outer mold is locked in position. The mold structure is then filled with concrete to produce the gallery section. With respect to the pivoting operation, as shown schematically in figure 6, the shape 60 is placed on its side for the purpose of filling and molding with concrete. A mold seat 62 is provided for each side wall, with the inner mold frame portion 64 resting close to the edge of the mold seat 62 as is typical in bridge precast units. However, the outer mold frame portion 66, which pivots about a pivot axis 68, has its bottom edge enlarged (with respect to the bottom edge of portion 64) so that portion 66 can move through the top surface of the mold seat 62 during pivoting. The angle of the outer sidewall can, in each case, be obtained by establishing a consistent horizontal width Wsa (figure 2) for the bottom surface of the sidewall for a given STW top span, regardless of the rise height that is produced. The mold system includes a bottom mold panel member 63 which is movable along the height of the mold portion 64 and can be screwed in place using screw holes 69 provided in the mold frame 64. Similar screw holes can be provided at the edge 67 of the panel 63, and the edge 67 can be angled to match the surface of the mold portion 64 so that the surface 65 of the panel will be horizontal when installed. Any unused screw holes can be filled with buffer members. Once the bottom panel 63 is in the appropriate place to produce the desired rise height, the portion 66 of the structure can be pivoted in contact with the free edge of the panel 63 and locked in position.
    [0057] With reference to figure 7, in the illustrated mode each section of arc sides 28 is defined by an inner surface 30 with a radius of curvature RH, and the inner surface 20 of each side wall intersects with the inner surface of its section of adjacent arc sides 28 at a line or intersection point 70 of inner arc sides, which is the transition point from the planar surface 20 to the rounded surface 30. A vertical DIT distance between the height of the intersection line of defined inner arc sides 70 and the top dead center height of the inner surface in the arc form of the top wall should be no more than about 18 percent (18%) of the RTW radius curvature of the inner surface in the form of arch 24 of the top wall in the top dead center to more effectively reduce the corner thickness of arc sides. Also, a relationship of the vertical distances DOT / DIT, where DOT is the vertical distance between the height of the outer corner 32 of the arc sides and the height of the top dead center of the outer surface in the arc shape of the top wall, must be preferably not less than about 55% and, more preferably, not less than about 58%. Furthermore, the outer corner 32 of the arc side section 28 is spaced laterally outward from the inner arc side intersection line 70 by a relatively short distance, and particularly a horizontal distance that is less than the horizontal width WSB of the side wall bottom surface. For example, in certain implementations the horizontal distance DIO between each intersecting line of inner arc sides 70 and the corresponding outer corner 32 is preferably no more than about 95% of the horizontal width WSB of the sidewall bottom surface, and more preferably not more than about 91%.
    [0058] With reference now to the modality shown in figures 8 10, in some cases it is desirable to provide a vertical flat segment 80 to the bottom portion of each side wall 16. The vertical plane 80 facilitates the use of a locking structure (for example, wooden blocks 82 with corresponding vertical surfaces) in combination with the key / channel 84 in the concrete foundation shoe 85 to hold the gallery sections in place, preventing the bottom ends of the side walls from moving outward under the weight of the gallery section, until the bottom ends are plastered / cemented in place.
    [0059] As shown in figures 11-14, each end unit of the plurality of concrete gallery sections includes a corresponding main wall assembly 90 positioned on the top and side walls of the unit. As shown, in one implementation, each main wall assembly 90 includes a top main wall portion 92 and side main wall portions 94 that are formed unitary with each other and connected to the top wall and side walls by at least a buttress structure 96 on the top wall and at least one buttress structure 98 on each side wall. The buttress structures can be consistent with those shown and described in US Patent No. 7,556,451 (attached copy). In another implementation, as suggested by the dashed lines 100, the main wall portions 94 and 96 can be formed as three separate pieces. Alternatively, as suggested by the dashed line 102, the main wall assembly can be formed in two mirrored halves. Wing walls 104 can also be provided in contact with the main side wall portions and extending out of them as shown.
    [0060] Although figures 11-14 show a reasonably standard foundation shoe system for use in connection with the inventive gallery sections of the present application, alternative systems can be used. For example, gallery sections can be used in connection with the foundation structures shown and described in Provisional Order No. 61 / 505,564, filed on July 11, 2011 (attached copy).
    [0061] As shown in figure 15, the concrete gallery section typically includes the built-in reinforcement 110 and 112 generally operating in proximity to and along the inner and outer surfaces of the top wall 14 and the side walls 16.
    [0062] As reflected in figures 5 and 6 above, in one embodiment the concrete galleries of varying heights can be obtained by keeping the outer corners of the top wall in the same position, but pivoting the outer surface of each side wall outwards for higher ascent heights, or inward for smaller ascent heights. In an alternative embodiment by figures 1618, different ascent heights can be obtained by shifting the outer corners of the top wall outward to greater ascent heights and inwardly to smaller ascent heights. In particular, as shown in figures 16 and 17, for the rise height shown as a solid line, the outer corner is located at position 32 and the outer surface 22 on the side extends downward slightly towards the inner surface 20 producing a certain degree of sidewall tapering. When a lower rise height is desired, the outer corner is moved inward to location 32a and, when the higher rise height is desired, the outer corner is moved outward to location 32b. Thus, the width of the upper portion of the side wall is greater for higher ascent heights, and the width of the smaller portion for lower ascent heights. The horizontal bottom part 50 of each side wall can be the same as between different rising heights, and likewise the vertical or flat part 80 of the bottom of each side wall can have the same height dimension as between the heights of different ascension.
    [0063] Figure 18 reflects a mold system for obtaining the above embodiment, where the mold system includes a mold unit 150 of the outer top wall surface, a mold unit 152 of the inner top wall surface, a unit mold 154 of the inner surface of the arc sides, a mold unit 156 of the inner sidewall surface, a mold unit 158 of the outer sidewall surface and a unit 160 of the sidewall bottom surface. To obtain different lift heights using this mold system, the mold unit 158 is moved along the surface of the mold unit 150 (by arrow 162) to the required location and screwed on it, and the mold unit 160 is moved to the appropriate location along the space between the mold units 156 and 158 (by arrow 164) to the appropriate location and screwed into it. During this movement the mold unit 158 slides through the top of the mold seat or base structures 166a and 166b on which the mold units are supported. The inner side face 170 of the mold unit 158 maintains its relative angular orientation with respect to the opposite side face 172 of the mold unit 156 regardless of where the mold unit 158 is positioned, thus maintaining a similar degree of tapering of legs as between heights. different ascension levels. The mold units 158 and 160 can, in addition, be screwed to the mold base structure (s) 166a and / or 166b when moved to the required locations, for a certain height of rise to ensure the desired positioning. A system of alignable openings in the mold units 150, 158, 160 and / or those in the base structures 166 a and 166b can be provided for this purpose.
    [0064] Referring now to figures 19-21, in one embodiment the gallery sections are supported on top of a foundation system having precast foundation units 200 with a ladder configuration as shown. The units have spaced and elongated vertical walls 202 and 204 forming a channel 205 between the walls and the cross member supports 206 extending transversely through the channel to connect the walls 202 and 204. The foundation units 200 are devoid of any wall bottom, so that the open areas or cells 208 extend vertically from the top to the bottom of the units at the locations between the cross members 206. Each cross member support 206 includes an upper surface with a recess 210 for receiving the bottom portion on one side of the bridge / gallery sections 214, the side wall portions of the bridge units 214 extend from their respective bottom portions upwardly apart from the pre-concrete foundation structure combination molded and molded in place and inward for the other combination of precast concrete foundation structure or molded in place on the opposite side of the bridge unit. The recesses 210 extend from within the channel 205 towards the internal vertical wall member 204, which is the vertical wall member positioned closest to the central axis 212 of the bridge system. Thus, as best seen in Figure 35, the vertical wall member 202 has a greater height than the vertical wall member 204.
    [0065] The spacing of the cross members 208 preferably corresponds to the depth of the bridge / gallery sections 214, so that the adjacent end faces of the side-by-side bridge units abut each other in the vicinity of the recesses 210. Each support of cross member 206 also includes one or more through-opening openings 216 for the purpose of weight reduction and allowing concrete to flow from one open area or cell 208 to the next. Each cross member support also includes multiple axially extending reinforcement openings 218. An upper row 220 and a lower row 222 of horizontally spaced openings 218 are shown, but variations are possible. The axially extending reinforcement can be extended through such openings prior to releasing the foundation units 200 to the installation site, but can also be installed on site if desired. These openings 218 are also used to connect the foundation units end to end for longer foundation structures. In this regard, the ends of the foundation units 200 which are intended to confine an adjacent foundation unit can be substantially opened between the vertical wall members 202 and 204 so that the confined ends create a continuous cell 224 in which the cast concrete on the spot can be dumped. However, the distant ends of the end foundation units 200 in a spring or containment units can typically include a cross member 206 located at the end as shown.
    [0066] The walls 202 and 204 include the reinforcement 226 which includes a portion 228 extending vertically and a portion 230 extending laterally into the open cell areas 208 at the bottom of the foundation unit 200. At the installation site , or in some cases prior to release for the lotion, opposing portions 230 of the two side walls can then be joined together by a side reinforcement section 232.
    [0067] The pre-cast foundation units 200 are released to the workplace and installed on the soil that has been prepared to receive the units (for example, earth or compacted stone). The bridge / gallery sections 214 are placed after the precast foundation units are attached. Cells 208 remain open and unfilled during the placement of the bridge units 214 (with the exception of any reinforcement that may have been placed either before the units 200 were released to the workplace or after the release). Sheet metal can be used for leveling and proper alignment of the bridge / gallery sections 214. Once the bridge units 214 are placed, cells 208 can then be filled with a concrete spill in place. The spill will typically be at the upper surface level of the foundation units 200. In this regard, and with reference to figure 35, due to the difference in height on the respective sides of the foundation unit 200, the bottom portion 240 of the bridge unit will be captured and embedded within the concrete cast in place 242 on the outside of bottom portion 240. After pouring in place, the concrete cast in place on the outside of bottom portion 240 of the bridge unit is taller than a surface bottom portion of the bottom portion 240 to embed the bottom portion on its outer side, and the cast concrete in place on the inner side of the bottom portion of the bridge unit is substantially flush with the bottom surface of the bottom portion 240. Thus, the flow area below the bridge units is not adversely impacted by embedding the bottom portions 240 of the bridge units.
    [0068] It should be clearly understood that the description above is intended for illustration and example only and is not intended to be taken as a limitation, and that changes and modifications are possible. For example, although sections of arc sides with curved inner surfaces and outer corners are shown, variations are possible, such as flat and / or chamfered and / or flat inner surfaces on the outer corner. Also, modalities in which the side walls are not tapered are possible. In addition, double leaf modalities are contemplated, in which each section of concrete gallery is formed by two halves having a junction (for example, by the dashed line 180 in figure 16) in a central portion of the top wall of the section of gallery. Various types of joints can be used, such as that disclosed in US Patent No. 6,243,994. Although a modality of a foundation system is shown, the gallery assembly can be placed on top of any suitable foundation, including foundation systems with pedestal structures. Consequently, other modalities are contemplated and modifications and exchanges can be made without departing from the scope of this request.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    1. Concrete gallery section, comprising: an open bottom (12), a top wall (14) and side walls (16) spaced to define a passage (18) under it, each of said side walls ( 16) extending downwardly and outwardly from the top wall (14), each of said side walls (16) having an inner surface (20) substantially planar and an outer surface (22) substantially planar, the wall top (14) having an inner surface (24) and an outer surface (26) and a substantially uniform thickness (TTW), first and second arc side sections (28), each arc side section (28) joining one of the side walls (16) to the top wall (14), each section of arc sides (28) defining a corner thickness (THS) greater than the thickness (TTW) of the top wall (14), characterized by fact: the inner surface (24) of the top wall (14) is in the form of an arc and the outer surface (26) of the top wall (14) is in the form the arc; for each side wall (16) an interior side wall angle (θISWA) is defined by the intersection of a first plane (34) in which the inner surface (20) of the side wall (16) meets and a second plane (36) which is perpendicular to a radius (RTW) that defines at least part of the arc-shaped inner surface (24) of the top wall (14) at a first point (38) along the arc-shaped inner surface (24) of the top wall (14), an outer sidewall angle (θESWA) is defined by the intersection of a third plane (42) in which the outer surface (22) of the sidewall (16) and a fourth plane (44) that is perpendicular to a radius that defines at least part of the arc-shaped outer surface (26) of the top wall (14) at a second point (29) along the arc-shaped outer surface (26), the third plane (42) being not parallel to the foreground (34), the angle of the inner side wall (θISWA) being at least one hundred and thirty degrees, the angle of p outer sidewall (θESWA) being at least one hundred and thirty-five degrees, the outer sidewall angle (θeSWA) being different from the inner sidewall angle (θISWA), and each sidewall (16) being tapered from the top to the bottom so that a thickness of each side wall (16) decreases when moving from the top of each side wall (16) to the bottom of each side wall (16).
    [0002]
    2. Gallery section according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a ratio of a first vertical distance (DOT) over a second vertical distance (DIT) is at least about 55%, where the first distance vertical (DOT) is the vertical distance between the height of the outer corner (32) of the arc sides (28) and the height of the top dead center of the arc-shaped outer surface (26) of the top wall (14), and the second vertical distance (DIT) is the vertical distance between the height of an intersecting line of inner arc sides (70), defined as the point at which the inner surface (20) of the side wall (16) intersects with the inner surface of its adjacent arc side section, and the top dead center height of the inner surface (24) in the form of an arc of the top wall (14).
    [0003]
    3. Assembly of concrete gallery for installation on the ground, characterized by the fact that it comprises a set of elongated spaced bases, a plurality of precast concrete gallery sections supported by said bases in side-by-side alignment, each of said concrete gallery sections configured as defined in claim 1.
    [0004]
    4. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that for each side wall (16) of each section of concrete gallery, an angle of intersection (θPI) between the foreground (34) and the third plane (42) is at least 1 degree.
    [0005]
    5. Concrete gallery assembly according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that for each gallery section, a ratio of the thickness of the arc sides to the thickness of the side wall is no more than about 2, 30.
    [0006]
    6. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that for each section of concrete gallery, the internal surface (20) of each side wall (16) intersects with an internal surface (30) from its adjacent arc side section (28) to an intersection line of inner arc sides (70), a vertical distance (DIT) between the defined intersection line of inner arc sides (70) and the dead center of the top of the inner surface (24) in the form of an arc of the top wall (14) being between no more than 18 percent (18%) of a radius of curvature (RTW) of the inner surface (24) in the form of an arc of the top wall (14) in the top dead center.
    [0007]
    7. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that for each section of concrete gallery, the internal surface (20) of each side wall (16) intersects with an internal surface (30) from its adjacent arc side section (28) to an inner arc side intersection line (70), the arc side section (28) includes an outer corner (32) that is spaced laterally out of the line. intersection of inner arc sides (70), and a horizontal distance between each intersecting line of inner arc sides (70) and the corresponding outer corner (32) is no more than about 91% of the horizontal width of the surface of side wall bottom (16).
    [0008]
    8. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that, for each section of concrete gallery, a distance between the internal surface (2) at the bottom of a side wall (16) and the inner surface (20) at the bottom of the other side wall (16) defines a bottom span of the unit, the bottom span is greater than a radius of curvature of the inner surface (24) in the form of an arc of the top wall (14 ) at the top dead center.
    [0009]
    9. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that, for each section of concrete gallery, the thickness at the bottom of each side wall (16) is no more than 90% of the thickness of the top wall (14) in the top dead center of the top wall (14).
    [0010]
    10. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that, for each section of concrete gallery, a bottom portion of each side wall (16) of each section of arc sides includes a vertical flat segment on the external surface (22).
    [0011]
    11. Concrete gallery assembly according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that each end unit also comprises the plurality of concrete gallery sections including a main wall assembly (90) positioned on the top wall ( 14) and the side walls (16).
    [0012]
    12. Concrete gallery assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that each main wall assembly (90) also includes a top main wall portion (92) and side main wall portions (94) which are formed unitary with each other and connected to the top wall (14) and side walls (16) by at least one buttress structure (96) on the top wall (14) and at least one buttress structure (98 ) on each side wall (16).
    [0013]
    13. Concrete gallery assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that each main wall assembly (90) also includes a top main wall portion (92) and side main wall portions (94 ) which are formed by at least two distinct parts, the main wall assembly (90) connected to the top wall (14) and the side walls (16) by at least one buttress structure (96) on the top wall (14 ) and at least one buttress structure (98) on each side wall (16).
    [0014]
    14. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that each section of arc sides (28) includes an internal surface (30) defined by a radius of arc sides (RH), for each side wall (16) the first point (38) is the place where the radius (RTW) that defines the inner surface (24) in the arc shape of the top wall (14) meets the radius of arc sides (RH ) associated with the side wall (16).
    [0015]
    15. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that, each section of concrete gallery is formed in two halves, each half formed by a side wall (16) and a portion of the wall of top (14), the two top portions held together along a joint in a central portion of the top wall (14) of the gallery section.
    [0016]
    16. Assembly of concrete gallery, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that, for each side wall (16) the first point (38) is a place where the internal surface (24) in the form of an arc meets an inner surface (30) of the arc side section adjacent (28) to the side wall (16), and the second point (29) is both a place where the outer arc-shaped surface intersects (26) the third plane (42) or a location where the outer arc-shaped surface (26) meets a portion of the outer planar end surface of the top wall (14) in the arc-side section (28).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    MY170100A|2019-07-05|
    CN104160093A|2014-11-19|
    AU2013217639B2|2016-11-03|
    AU2013217639A1|2014-08-07|
    CL2014001875A1|2014-11-14|
    MX2014008229A|2014-08-08|
    KR20140132356A|2014-11-17|
    US20130302093A1|2013-11-14|
    EP2812491B1|2016-05-25|
    PE20142177A1|2014-12-29|
    CN104160093B|2017-02-22|
    JP2015510059A|2015-04-02|
    US8523486B2|2013-09-03|
    NZ627455A|2015-04-24|
    CO7010813A2|2014-07-31|
    PL2812491T3|2016-11-30|
    US20130202359A1|2013-08-08|
    ES2584179T3|2016-09-26|
    CR20140317A|2014-08-28|
    MX357333B|2018-07-04|
    AR089901A1|2014-09-24|
    JP6080179B2|2017-02-15|
    WO2013119448A1|2013-08-15|
    KR101919749B1|2018-11-20|
    CA2860640C|2018-06-12|
    EP2812491A4|2015-09-09|
    CA2860640A1|2013-08-15|
    SV2014004776A|2018-02-05|
    EP2812491A1|2014-12-17|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-18| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 31/01/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201261595404P| true| 2012-02-06|2012-02-06|
    US61/595,404|2012-02-06|
    US201261598672P| true| 2012-02-14|2012-02-14|
    US61/598,672|2012-02-14|
    US201261714323P| true| 2012-10-16|2012-10-16|
    US61/714,323|2012-10-16|
    PCT/US2013/023999|WO2013119448A1|2012-02-06|2013-01-31|Concrete bridge system and related methods|
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