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    • 专利摘要:
    AEROSOL GENERATION SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED AEROSOL PRODUCTION. A method of controlling aerosol production in an aerosol generating device is provided, the device comprising an aerosol-forming substrate, a heater comprising at least one heating element for heating the aerosol-forming substrate, and a source of energy to provide energy for the heating element, which comprises the steps of: determining the temperature of the heating element; and adjusting the power to the heating element to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired temperature range, where the desired temperature range is dynamically calculated based on a measured gas flow rate through or beyond the device. By controlling the temperature of the heating element, aerosol can be produced with consistent and desirable properties.
    公开号:BR112014009881B1
    申请号:R112014009881-6
    申请日:2012-10-25
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Jean-Marc Flick
    申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling aerosol production. The present invention further relates to an aerosol generating system and, more specifically, to an electrically operated aerosol generating system. The present invention finds specific application as a method to control aerosol production in an aerosol generation system through at least one electrical element of an electrically operated smoking system.
    [0002] [002] WO-A-2009/132793 describes an electrically heated smoking system. A liquid is stored in a liquid storage portion, and a capillary wick has a first end that extends to the liquid storage portion for contact with the liquid therein, and a second end that extends out of the portion liquid storage. A heating element heats the second end of the capillary wick. The heating element is in the form of an electrical heating element spiraled in electrical connection with a power supply, and surrounding the second end of the capillary wick. In use, the heating element can be activated by the user to activate the power supply. The suction in a nozzle by the user causes the air to be attracted to the electrically heated smoking system over the capillary wick and the heating element and subsequently to the user's mouth.
    [0003] [003] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of controlling the amount of energy provided for the electrical heating element of such an electrically heated aerosol generating system.
    [0004] [004] A specific difficulty with the aerosol generating device is the generation of an aerosol with consistent properties instead of variations in the flow rate through the device. For example, in a device in which the airflow rate is generated through a user's inhalations, variations in the flow rate through the device may occur during a single user's inhalation or an inhalation for the user. next.
    [0005] [005] It would be beneficial to generate an aerosol with the same density and droplet size, on a consistent basis, despite variations in the rate of air flow of a gas, such as air, through the device.
    [0006] [006] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a method of controlling aerosol production in an aerosol generating device is provided, the device comprising: a heater comprising at least one heating element; and an energy source to provide energy for the heating element, which comprises the steps of: determine the temperature of the heating element; and adjust the power to the heating element to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired temperature range, where the desired temperature range is dynamically calculated based on a gas flow rate measured through or beyond the device.
    [0007] [007] Preferably, the device is configured to allow airflow to be generated by a user's inhalation. The device can also be an electrically heated smoking system.
    [0008] [008] An aerosol is a suspension of solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas, such as air. When the aerosol is produced using a heating element to vaporize a substrate, the rate of aerosol production and the properties of the aerosol produced will be dependent on the temperature of the heating element. The temperature of the heating element is determined not only by the power supplied to the heating element, but also by environmental factors. In particular, the gas flow rate in addition to a heating element has a significant cooling effect on the heating element.
    [0009] [009] An example of a system in which there are variations in the air flow rate is a system in which the air flow is generated by a user's inhalation, such as an electrically operated smoking system. Variations in flow rate through the device can occur during the course of a single inhalation by one user and from one inhalation to the next. Different users have different inhalation behaviors, and a single user can have different inhalation behaviors at different times. The difference in inhalation behavior could occur during a single inhalation, but also from inhalation to inhalation. For this reason, a control method that compensates for different inhalation and user behavior is desirable.
    [0010] [010] The desired temperature range of the heating element can consist of a single desired temperature. Alternatively, the temperature range of the heating element can extend, for example, to tens of degrees Celsius. The acceptable range of temperatures are those temperatures that allow an aerosol to be formed with the desired properties. If the temperature is too high, there may be unwanted chemicals formed in the aerosol, and if the temperature is too low, the substrate may not be sufficiently vaporized and the droplet size inside the aerosol may be too large.
    [0011] [011] The desired temperature range may be dependent on an aerosol-forming substrate composition. Different substrates will have a different enthalpy of vaporization and will undergo chemical decomposition at different temperatures. Consequently, the method can additionally comprise the step of determining a characteristic or identity of the aerosol forming substrate and calculating or selecting the desired temperature range based on the characteristic or identity. For example, the step of determining an aerosol-forming substrate characteristic may comprise reading an indication of the identity of the aerosol-forming substrate formed on the aerosol-forming substrate or in a housing thereof. Once the substrate identity has been determined, the desired temperature range can then be selected from a temperature range database for specific aerosol-forming substrate identities. The indication of the identity of the aerosol forming substrate can be, for example, a bar code or other surface indication, a characteristic of a substrate housing, such as shape or size, or it can be a characteristic resistance or response electrical associated with a substrate housing.
    [0012] [012] In an electrically operated smoking system, for example, for users who take long but slow inhalations, it may be desirable to have a lower heating element temperature, producing aerosol at a lower rate. This mimics, to a certain extent, the behavior of a conventional lit butt fuel cigarette. However, the temperature of the heating element is maintained above a lower limit level in order to ensure the formation of an aerosol with desirable properties. This heater temperature adjustment based on the gas flow rate through or in addition to the device can be used together with stored temperature ranges for specific substrate compositions. Thus, temperature adjustment based on the flow rate can be done within a temperature range adjusted by the composition of the substrate.
    [0013] [013] Preferably, the step of adjusting the power is performed only after the heating element has reached a specific temperature within a desired temperature range. For example, the adjustment step can be started only after the temperature of the heating element has reached an intermediate point in the predetermined temperature range.
    [0014] [014] Alternatively or additionally, the step of adjusting the power can be performed only after a specific time has elapsed after the detection of a gas flow through the device that exceeds a predetermined limit flow rate. It is desirable to heat the heating element as quickly as possible, given an available energy supply. This happens so that the aerosol with the desired properties is produced as soon as possible. Thus, a maximum power can be dispensed for a specific time after the detection of the beginning of a user's inhalation.
    [0015] [015] The method preferably also includes the step of cutting or reducing the power to the heating element after the step of adjusting the power to maintain the temperature of the heating element. This can be done based on a predetermined time after activation of the heating element, a detected flow rate, or a calculated parameter related to the flow rate. This ensures that aerosol production is stopped when a user's inhalation is finished.
    [0016] [016] The step of adjusting the power may comprise adjusting a frequency or pulse width modulation of a pulsed power signal. If power is supplied to the heating element as a pulsed signal, adjusting the pulse frequency or the pulse duty cycle will be an effective way to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired range.
    [0017] [017] The step of determining the temperature of the heating element may comprise determining an electrical resistance of the heating element. This provides a convenient and accurate indication of the temperature. Alternatively, a separate temperature sensor can be used.
    [0018] [018] According to another aspect of the invention, an electrically operated aerosol generating device is provided, the device comprising: at least one heating element to form an aerosol of a substrate; an energy supply to supply energy to the heating element; and electrical circuits to control the energy supply from the energy supply to at least one aerosol generating element, where electrical circuits are arranged to:
    [0019] [019] determine the temperature of the heating element and adjust the power to the heating element to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired temperature range, where the desired temperature range is dynamically calculated based on a flow rate measure gas through or beyond the device.
    [0020] [020] Preferably, the device is configured to allow airflow to be generated by a user's inhalation.
    [0021] [021] The desired temperature range can consist of a single desired temperature.
    [0022] [022] The device can be configured to receive an aerosol-forming substrate. The desired temperature range can be dependent on an aerosol-forming substrate composition. Different substrates will have different vaporization temperatures and will undergo chemical decomposition at different temperatures. Consequently, the device can additionally comprise a means for determining a characteristic or identity of the aerosol forming substrate and calculating or selecting the desired temperature range based on the characteristic or identity. For example, the device may comprise a means for reading an indication of the identity of the aerosol forming substrate formed on the aerosol forming substrate or in a housing therein, and the desired temperature range can then be selected from a bank. temperature range data based on the identity of the aerosol-forming substrate. The indication of the identity of the aerosol forming substrate can be, for example, a barcode or other surface indication, a characteristic of a substrate housing, such as shape or size, or a characteristic resistance or associated electrical response. with a substrate housing.
    [0023] [023] The electrical circuits can be configured to determine the temperature of the heating element based on a determination of an electrical resistance of the heating element. Alternatively, the device can include a separate temperature sensor.
    [0024] [024] The electrical circuits can comprise a microcontroller. The microcontroller can include a PID regulator to control the power supplied to the heating element.
    [0025] [025] Preferably, the electrical circuits are arranged to perform the method steps of the other aspects of the invention. To perform the method steps of the other aspects of the invention, electrical circuits can be connected. Most preferably, however, the electrical circuits are programmable to perform the method steps of the other aspects of the invention.
    [0026] [026] The heater may comprise a single heating element. Alternatively, it can be an electric heater that comprises a heating element. Alternatively, the electric heater may comprise more than one heating element, for example, two, or three, or four, or five, or six or more heating elements. Alternatively, the electric heater can comprise at least one heating element to heat the substrate. The heating element or heating elements can be arranged appropriately so as to more effectively heat the aerosol forming substrate.
    [0027] [027] At least one electrical heating element preferably comprises an electrically resistive material. Suitable electrically resistive materials include, but are not limited to semiconductors, such as doped ceramics, electrically "conductive" ceramics (such as, for example, molybdenum disilicate), graphite, metals, metal alloys and composite materials formed from a ceramic or metallic material. Such composite materials may comprise doped or non-doped ceramic. Examples of suitable doped ceramics include doped silicon carbides. Examples of suitable metals include titanium, zirconium, tantalum and platinum group metals. Examples of suitable metal alloys include stainless steel, Constantan, alloys containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, tin, gallium, manganese and iron, and nickel-based super alloys , iron, cobalt, stainless steel, Timetal®, ferro-aluminum based alloys and ferro-manganese-aluminum based alloys. Timetal® is a registered trademark of Titanium Metals Corporation, 1999 Broadway Suite 4300, Denver, Colorado. In composite materials, the electrically resistive material can optionally be embedded, encapsulated or coated with an insulating material or vice versa, depending on the energy transfer kinetics and the required external physicochemical properties. The heating element may comprise an etched metal sheet insulated between layers of an inert material. In that case, the inert material may comprise Kapton®, a whole sheet of polyamide or mica. Kapton® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19898, United States of America.
    [0028] [028] Alternatively, at least one electric heating element may comprise an infrared heating element, a photonic source, or an inductive heating element.
    [0029] [029] At least one heating element can have any suitable shape. For example, at least one electric heating element can be in the form of a heating blade. Alternatively, at least one electrical heating element may be in the form of an enclosure or substrate having different electroconductive portions, or an electrically resistive metal tube. If the aerosol-forming substrate is a liquid provided within a container, the container may incorporate a disposable heating element. Alternatively, one or more heating needles or rods that run through the center of the aerosol forming substrate may also be suitable. Alternatively, at least one electric heating element can be a disk heating element (end) or a combination of a disk heating element with heating needles or rods. Alternatively, at least one electrical heating element may comprise a flexible sheet of material arranged to surround or partially surround the aerosol forming substrate. Other alternatives include a heating wire or filament, for example, an N-Cr, platinum, tungsten or alloy wire, or a heating plate. Optionally, the heating element can be deposited on or on a rigid conductive material.
    [0030] [030] At least one electric heating element may comprise a heat sink, or heat reservoir, comprising a material capable of absorbing and storing heat and subsequently releasing heat over time to the aerosol forming substrate. The heat sink can be formed from any suitable material, such as a suitable ceramic or metal material. Preferably, the material has a high heat capacity (sensitive heat storage material), or is a material capable of absorbing and subsequently releasing heat via a reversible process, such as a high temperature phase change. Suitable sensitive heat storage materials include silica gel, alumina, carbon, glass, mat, fiberglass, minerals, a metal or alloy, such as aluminum, silver or lead, and a cellulose material, such as paper. Other suitable materials that release heat via a reversible phase include paraffin, solder acetate, naphthalene, wax, polyethylene oxide, a metal, metal salt, a mixture of eutectic salts or an alloy.
    [0031] [031] The heat sink or heat reservoir can be arranged in such a way that it is directly in contact with the aerosol forming substrate and can transfer the stored heat directly to the substrate. Alternatively, the heat stored in the heat sink or heat sink can be transferred to the aerosol-forming substrate by means of a heat conductor, such as a metal tube.
    [0032] [032] At least one heating element can heat the aerosol-forming substrate by conduction. The heating element can be at least partially in contact with the substrate, or the conductor on which the substrate is deposited. Alternatively, the heat from the heating element can be conducted to the substrate by means of a conductive heat element.
    [0033] [033] Alternatively, at least one heating element can transfer heat to the incoming ambient air that is entrained through the electrically heated aerosol generating device during use, which in turn heats the aerosol-forming substrate by convection. Ambient air can be heated before passing through the aerosol-forming substrate. Alternatively, if the aerosol-forming substrate is a liquid substrate, ambient air can first be drawn through the substrate when heated.
    [0034] [034] The aerosol forming substrate can be a solid aerosol forming substrate. The aerosol-forming substrate preferably comprises a tobacco-containing material that contains volatile tobacco flavor compounds that are released from the substrate upon heating. The aerosol forming substrate may comprise non-tobacco material. The aerosol forming substrate may comprise material containing tobacco and material containing non-tobacco. Preferably, the aerosol forming substrate additionally comprises an aerosol former. Examples of suitable aerosol builders are glycerin and propylene glycol.
    [0035] [035] Alternatively, the aerosol-forming substrate may be a liquid aerosol-forming substrate. In one embodiment, the electrically heated aerosol generating device further comprises a liquid storage portion. Preferably, the aerosol forming substrate is stored in the liquid storage portion. In one embodiment, the electrically heated aerosol generating device further comprises a capillary wick in communication with the liquid storage portion. It is also possible for a capillary wick to retain the liquid to be provided without a liquid storage portion. In this embodiment, the capillary wick can be preloaded with liquid.
    [0036] [036] Preferably, the capillary wick is arranged to be in contact with the liquid in the liquid storage portion. In this case, in use, the liquid is transferred from the liquid storage portion to at least one electrical heating element by the capillary action on the capillary wick. In one embodiment, the capillary wick has a first end and a second end, the first end extending to the liquid storage portion for contact with the liquid therein and at least one electrical heating element that is arranged to heat the liquid on the second end. When the heating element is activated, the liquid at the second end of the capillary wick will be vaporized by the heating element to form supersaturated steam. Supersaturated steam is mixed with the air flow and conducted there. During the flow, the vapor is condensed to form the aerosol and the aerosol is conveyed to a user's mouth. The heating element in combination with a capillary wick can provide a quick response, because that arrangement can provide a high liquid surface area for the heating element. The control of the heating element according to the invention can therefore depend on the structure of the capillary wick arrangement.
    [0037] [037] The liquid substrate can be absorbed into a porous conductive material, which can be formed from any suitable absorbent body or buffer, for example, a foamed metal or plastic material, polypropylene, terylene, nylon or ceramic fibers. The liquid substrate can be retained in the porous conductive material prior to use of the electrically heated aerosol generating device or, alternatively, the liquid substrate material can be released into the porous conductive material during or immediately before use. For example, the liquid substrate can be provided in a capsule. The shell of the capsule preferably merges with heating and releases the liquid substrate into the porous conductive material. The capsule can optionally contain a solid in combination with the liquid.
    [0038] [038] If the aerosol-forming substrate is a liquid substrate, the liquid will have physical properties. These include, for example, a boiling point, vapor pressure, and surface tension characteristics to make them suitable for use in the aerosol generating device. The control of at least one electrical heating element may depend on the physical properties of the liquid substrate. The liquid preferably comprises a tobacco-containing material that comprises volatile tobacco flavor compounds that are released from the liquid upon heating. Alternatively or in addition, the liquid may comprise a non-tobacco material. The liquid can include water, solvents, ethanol, plant extracts and natural or artificial flavors. Preferably, the liquid additionally comprises an aerosol former. Examples of suitable aerosol builders are glycerin and propylene glycol.
    [0039] [039] An advantage of providing a portion of liquid storage is that a high level of hygiene can be maintained. The use of a capillary wick that extends between the liquid and the electric heating element allows the structure of the device to be relatively simple. The liquid has physical properties, including viscosity and surface tension, which allow the liquid to be transported through the capillary wick by capillary action. The liquid storage portion is preferably a container. The liquid storage portion cannot be refilled. Thus, when the liquid in the liquid storage portion has been exhausted, the aerosol generating device will be replaced. Alternatively, the liquid storage portion can be refillable. In that case, the aerosol generating device can be replaced after a certain number of refills of the liquid storage portion. Preferably, the liquid storage portion is arranged to retain liquid for a predetermined number of puffs.
    [0040] [040] The capillary wick can have a fibrous or spongy structure. The capillary wick preferably comprises a bundle of capillaries. For example, the capillary wick may comprise a plurality of fibers or threads, or other tubes of fine diameter. The fibers or threads can generally be aligned in the longitudinal direction of the aerosol generating device. Alternatively, the capillary wick may comprise sponge-shaped or foamed material formed into a rod shape. The rod shape can extend along the longitudinal direction of the aerosol generating device. The wick structure forms a plurality of small holes or tubes, through which the liquid can be transported to the electric heating element, by capillary action. The capillary wick can comprise any suitable material or combination of materials. Examples of suitable materials are ceramic or graphite based materials in the form of sintered fibers or powders. The capillary wick can have any suitable capillarity and porosity in order to be used with different liquid physical properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension and vapor pressure. The capillary properties of the wick, combined with the properties of the liquid, ensure that the wick is always wet in the heating area.
    [0041] [041] The aerosol forming substrate may alternatively be any other type of substrate, for example, a gas substrate, or any combination of various types of substrate. During operation, the substrate can be completely contained within the electrically heated aerosol generating device. In this case, a user can blow into a nozzle of the electrically heated aerosol generating device. Alternatively, during operation, the substrate may be partially contained within the electrically heated aerosol generating device. In this case, the substrate can be part of a separate article and the user can blow directly into the separate article.
    [0042] [042] The device may include a flow sensor to detect a gas flow rate through the device. The sensor can be any sensor that can detect airflow, such as airflow indicative of a user's inhalation. The sensor can be an electromechanical device. Alternatively, the sensor can be any of these: a mechanical device, an optical device, an opto-mechanical device, a sensor based on a microelectromechanical device (MEMS) and an acoustic sensor. The sensor can be a thermal conductive flow sensor, a pressure sensor, an anemometer and must not only be able to detect an air flow, but must be able to measure the air flow. Thus, the sensor must be able to dispense with an analog electrical signal or digital information that is representative of the amplitude of the air flow.
    [0043] [043] The electrically heated aerosol generating device may comprise an aerosol-forming chamber in which the aerosol is formed from a supersaturated vapor, the aerosol of which is then carried to a user's mouth. An air inlet, an air outlet and the chamber are preferably arranged to define an air flow path from the air inlet to the air outlet via the aerosol forming chamber, in order to conduct the aerosol to the air outlet. air and into a user’s mouth.
    [0044] [044] Preferably, the aerosol generating device comprises a housing. Preferably, the housing is elongated. The housing structure, including the available surface area for condensation to form, will affect aerosol properties and if there is a liquid leak from the device. The housing may comprise a casing and a nozzle. In that case, all components can be contained either in the wrapper or the nozzle. The housing can comprise any suitable material or combination of materials. Examples of suitable materials include metals, alloys, plastics or composite materials containing one or more of those materials, or thermoplastics that are suitable for food or pharmaceutical applications, for example, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyethylene. Preferably, the material is light and non-brittle. The housing material can affect the amount of condensation that is formed in the housing which, in turn, will affect the leakage of liquid from the device.
    [0045] [045] Preferably, the aerosol generating device is portable. The aerosol generating device may be a smoking device and may be of a size comparable to a conventional cigar or cigarette. The smoking device can have a total length of between approximately 30 mm and approximately 150 mm. The smoking device can have an outside diameter between approximately 5 mm and approximately 30 mm.
    [0046] [046] The electrically heated aerosol generation method and device according to the present invention provides the advantage that the temperature of the heating element is controlled, thus providing a consistent and desirable experience for the user, without requiring any additional action of device or user.
    [0047] [047] According to another aspect of the invention, electrical circuits are provided for an electrically operated aerosol generation system, the electrical circuits being arranged to perform the method of the other aspects of the invention.
    [0048] [048] Preferably, the electrical circuits are programmable to perform the method of the other aspects of the invention. Alternatively, electrical circuits can be connected to perform the method of other aspects of the invention.
    [0049] [049] According to another aspect of the invention, a computer program is provided which, when run on programmable electrical circuits for an electrically operated aerosol generation system, causes programmable electrical circuits to perform the method of the other aspects of the invention .
    [0050] [050] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided with a computer program in accordance with the prior aspect of the invention.
    [0051] [051] Features described in relation to one aspect of the invention may be applicable to another aspect of the invention.
    [0052] [052] The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows an example of an electrically heated aerosol generation system according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 illustrates a temperature profile of the typical heating element and a typical flow rate profile in a system of the type shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 illustrates a method of adjusting the power supplied to the heating element during the puff shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 illustrates electrical circuits for controlling the temperature of the heating element according to the first embodiment of the invention; and Figure 5 illustrates a technique for determining the temperature of an electrical heating element by measuring electrical resistance.
    [0053] [053] Figure 1 shows an example of an electrically heated aerosol generation system. In Figure 1, the system is a smoking system with a liquid storage portion. The smoking system 100 of Figure 1 comprises a housing 101 having a nozzle end 103 and a body end 105. At the end of the body, a battery power supply 107, electrical circuits in the form of hardware 109 is provided. and a puff detection system 111. At the end of the nozzle, a liquid storage portion is provided in the form of a cartridge 113 containing liquid 115, a capillary wick 117 and a heater 119 comprising at least one heating element. It is noted that the heating element is only shown schematically in Figure 1. One end of the capillary wick 117 extends to the cartridge 113 and the other end of the capillary wick 117 is surrounded by the heating element 119. The heating element is connected to the electrical circuits via connections 121. Housing 101 also includes an air inlet 123, an air outlet 125 at the end of the nozzle and an aerosol forming chamber 127.
    [0054] [054] In use, the operation is as follows. The liquid 115 is transferred or driven by the capillary action of the cartridge 113 from the end of the wick 117 which extends to the cartridge to the other end of the wick 117 which is surrounded by the heating element 119. When a user drags the device at the air outlet 125, ambient air will be drawn through air inlet 123. In the arrangement shown in Figure 1, puff detection system 111 detects puff and activates heating element 119. Battery 107 supplies energy to heating element 119 to heat the end of the wick 117 surrounded by the heating element. The liquid at that end of the wick 117 is vaporized by the heating element 119 to create supersaturated steam. At the same time, the liquid that is vaporized is replaced by the additional liquid that moves along the wick 117 by the capillary action. (This is sometimes referred to as the "pumping action".) The supersaturated vapor created is mixed with the air flow and conducted there from the air inlet 123. In the aerosol forming chamber 127, the vapor is condensed to form an inhalable aerosol, which is conducted to outlet 125 and to the user's mouth.
    [0055] [055] The capillary wick can be formed from a variety of pores or capillary materials and preferably has a known predefined capillary. Examples include ceramic or graphite based materials in the form of sintered fibers or powders. Wicks of different porosities can be used to accommodate different liquid physical properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension and vapor pressure. The wick has to be adequate so that the required amount of liquid can be dispensed into the heating element. The wick and the heating element must be suitable so that the required amount of aerosol can be conveyed to the user.
    [0056] [056] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, hardware 109 and puff detection system 111 are preferably programmable. Hardware 109 and puff detection system 111 can be used to control the operation of the device. This helps in controlling the size of particles in the aerosol.
    [0057] [057] Figure 1 shows an example of an electrically heated aerosol generation system that can be used with the present invention. However, many other examples are usable with the invention. The electrically heated aerosol generation system simply needs to include or receive an aerosol-forming substrate that can be heated by at least one electrical heating element, energized by a power supply under the control of the electrical circuits. For example, the system does not have to be a smoking system. For example, the aerosol forming substrate can be a solid substrate, instead of a liquid substrate. Alternatively, the aerosol forming substrate may be another form of substrate, such as a gas substrate. The heating element can have any suitable shape. The entire shape and size of the housing could be changed and the housing could comprise a separate casing and nozzle. Other variations are, of course, possible.
    [0058] [058] As already mentioned, preferably, the electrical circuits, which comprise hardware 109 and puff detection system 111, are programmable in order to control the energy supply to the heating element. This, in turn, controls the temperature profile that affects the quantity and density of the aerosol produced. The term "temperature profile" refers to a graphical representation of the temperature of the heating element (or other similar measure, for example, the heat generated by the heating element) over the time spent for a puff, as shown in Figure 2. Alternatively, hardware 109 and puff detection system 111 can be connected to control the power supply to the heating element. Again, this controls the temperature profile that affects the amount and density of the aerosol generated.
    [0059] [059] Line 200 in Figure 2 is a graph of the rate of air flow through the system during the course of a user puff. The puff lasts about 2 seconds and the flow rate is raised from zero to a maximum flow rate in about 1 second, before dropping back to zero. This is a typical puff profile, but it will be clear that there can be a wide variation from puff to puff and from user to use both at the maximum flow rate and in the evolution of the flow rate during a puff.
    [0060] [060] Line 210 in the Figure is the temperature of the heating element during the user's puff. The temperature profile 210 is divided into three stages: an initial stage 215, during which maximum power is applied to the heating element in order to quickly increase its temperature; a regulated stage 215, during which the temperature of the heating element is kept constant (or at least within an acceptable temperature range), and the end of the puff stage 220, during which the power to the heater is cut or reduced.
    [0061] [061] Figure 3 illustrates the power applied to the heating element during the user's puff shown in Figure 2. Power is supplied to the heating element in the form of a pulsed signal 300. In order to regulate the temperature of the heating element , the pulsed signal is modulated. As shown in Figure 3, the average power that is applied to the heating element can be varied by changing the frequency (or "PFM" - pulse rate modulation) of the power signal modulations in a fixed duty cycle to keep constant the temperature of the heating element.
    [0062] [062] The other way to change the applied power is PWM (pulse width modulation), which consists of varying the duty cycle at constant frequency. The duty cycle is the ratio of the time when the power is turned on - time when the power is turned off; in other words, the relationship between the width of the voltage pulses - time between the voltage pulses. A low duty cycle of 5% will provide much less power than a 95% duty cycle.
    [0063] [063] As shown in Figure 3, during the initial stage 215, the power pulses 300 are dispensed at high frequency in order to reach the desired temperature quickly. When the desired temperature is reached, the regulated stage 220 will start. There is a small local maximum as the regulated stage begins. This is due to the nature of the PID control scheme used to regulate the temperature. There is a small delay between the detection that the desired temperature has been reached and the modulation of the power signal, which gives rise to the local maximum.
    [0064] [064] The desired temperature is dynamically calculated depending on the gas flow rate in addition to the heating element. For lower flow rates, a lower temperature is desirable. For example, the desired temperature can be adjusted based on the flow rate measured at a fixed time after activation of the heating element, it can be based on an average flow rate calculated over previous heating cycles, or it can be based on a cumulative flow rate over a fixed period after activation of the heating element.
    [0065] [065] In regulated phase 220, the power pulses are dispensed on the heating element exactly frequently enough to maintain the desired temperature. This indicates that the pulses are delivered at a lower frequency than during the initial stage. However, as the air flow rate continues to rise to its maximum, the cooling effect of the air also increases. This means that the frequency of the power pulses increases until the maximum flow rate is reached, before decreasing again as the flow rate drops.
    [0066] [066] At the end of puff stage 220, the power is cut off completely. A decision is made to cut the power before the end of the puff to ensure that all the aerosol generated is discharged from the system by the last portion of the puff. The temperature therefore falls during this period, as does the aerosol production. The point at which the power is cut or reduced, starting at the end of the puff stage, can be based, for example, on a simple time from activation, on a detected flow rate or on a more sophisticated calculation that takes into account counts the profile of the puff.
    [0067] [067] Figure 4 illustrates the electrical circuits used to provide temperature regulation according to an embodiment of the invention. The system has two parts: a consumable cartridge 113 containing liquid substrate 115, a capillary wick 117 and a heater 119; and a device part containing a battery and electrical circuits 109, as described with reference to Figure 1. In Figure 3, only the elements of the electrical circuits are illustrated.
    [0068] [068] The electrical energy is delivered to the heating element 119 from the battery connection 405, through the measuring resistor R1 and the transistor T1. The frequency modulation of the PWM power signal is controlled by microcontroller 420 and dispensed via its analog output 425 to transistor T1 which acts as a simple switch.
    [0069] [069] The regulation is based on a PID regulator that is part of the software integrated in the microcontroller 420. The temperature (or an indication of the temperature) of the heating element is determined by measuring the electrical resistance of the heating element.
    [0070] [070] Analog input 430 on microcontroller 420 is used to capture voltage across resistor R1 and provides an image of the electric current flowing in the heating element. The battery voltage V + and the voltage across R1 are used to calculate the change in resistance of the heating element or its temperature, as described with reference to Figure 5.
    [0071] [071] Resistance R3 in the consumable part is used to identify the composition of the substrate. Resistors R3 and R2 are a simple voltage divider from which the voltage level is captured by microcontroller 420 via its analog input 435 with the activation of transistor T2. The converted voltage will then be proportional to the resistance R3. A query table of resistance values for R3 and corresponding temperature ranges or resistance ranges for the heating element is located in an address memory on the microcontroller and is used to adjust the PID regulator and the temperature level at which the element heating will operate.
    [0072] [072] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of electrical circuits showing how the resistance of the heating element can be measured in the system of the type shown in Figure 4. In Figure 5, heater 501 is connected to a battery 503 that provides a voltage V2. The resistance of the heater to be measured at a specific temperature is Rheater. In series with heater 501, an additional resistor 505, corresponding to R1 in Figure 4, with known resistance r is inserted connected to voltage V1, intermediate between earth and voltage V2. In order for the microprocessor 507 to measure the Rheater resistance of heater 501, the current through heater 501 and the voltage across heater 501 can both be determined. Then, the following well-known formula can be used to determine resistance: V = IR (1)
    [0073] [073] In Figure 5, the voltage across the heater is V2-V1 and the current across the heater is I. Thus:
    [0074] [074] Additional resistor 505, whose resistance r is known, is used to determine current I, again using (1) above. The current through resistor 505 is I and the voltage across resistor 505 is V1. Thus:
    [0075] [075] Thus the combination of (2) and (3) provides:
    [0076] [076] In this way, the 507 microprocessor can measure V2 and V1, since the aerosol generation system is being used and, knowing the r value, can determine the resistance of the heater at a specific temperature, Rheater.
    [0077] [077] The following formula can be used to relate the temperature T to the measured resistance Rheater at temperature T:
    [0078] [078] An advantage of this embodiment is that there is no need for any temperature sensor, which can be bulky and expensive. The resistance value can also be used directly by the PID regulator instead of the temperature. If the resistance value is kept within a desired range, so will the temperature of the heating element. Consequently, the effective temperature of the heating element does not need to be calculated. However, it is possible to use a separate temperature sensor and connect it to the microcontroller to provide the necessary temperature information.
    [0079] [079] Although the described embodiment comprises a consumable part and a device part, the invention is applicable to other constructions of the aerosol generating device. It will also be evident that the temperature or resistance of the heating element does not need to be directly measured. For example, the temperature of the heating element can be estimated based on other measured parameters, such as a flow rate through the system, or it can be estimated from a measurement of the air temperature at a point within the system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    Method of controlling aerosol production in an electrically heated smoking device, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a heater comprising at least one heating element (119); and an energy source (107) to provide energy for the heating element, which comprises the steps of: determining the temperature of the heating element (119); and adjust the power to the heating element to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired temperature range, where the desired temperature range is dynamically calculated based on a measured gas flow rate through or beyond the device.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the desired temperature range is dependent on a composition of an aerosol forming substrate (115) received in the device.
    [0003]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of adjusting the power will be carried out only when the heating element has reached a specific temperature within the desired temperature range.
    [0004]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of adjusting the power is performed only after a specific time has elapsed after the detection of a gas flow through the device that exceeds a limit flow rate predetermined.
    [0005]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises the step of cutting or reducing the power to the heating element based on a calculated parameter related to the flow rate after the adjustment step.
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the step of adjusting the power to the heating element comprises adjusting a frequency or pulse width modulation of a pulsed power signal.
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the desired temperature range consists of a single desired temperature.
    [0008]
    Electrically heated smoking device for carrying out the method as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one heating element (119) to form an aerosol from a substrate (115), an energy supply (107 ) to supply energy to the heating element, and electrical circuits (109) to control the energy supply of the energy supply to at least one heating element (119), where the electrical circuits (109) are arranged to: determine the temperature of the heating element and adjust the power on the heating element to maintain the temperature of the heating element within a desired temperature range, where the desired temperature range is dynamically calculated based on a measured gas flow rate through or beyond the device.
    [0009]
    Device according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that it is configured to allow a flow of gas beyond the substrate and comprises a flow sensor (111) to detect the flow of gas beyond the substrate, where the electrical circuits (109 ) are arranged to control the power supply to the heating element (119) based on an output from the flow sensor.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2019041768A|2019-03-22|
    KR20200050474A|2020-05-11|
    KR20190066080A|2019-06-12|
    US20140299141A1|2014-10-09|
    RU2613785C2|2017-03-21|
    EP2770859A1|2014-09-03|
    KR20140094513A|2014-07-30|
    KR102290037B1|2021-08-18|
    UA114898C2|2017-08-28|
    BR112014009881A2|2017-04-18|
    HK1198106A1|2015-03-13|
    AR088558A1|2014-06-18|
    MX356256B|2018-05-21|
    JP2018015004A|2018-02-01|
    ES2704063T3|2019-03-14|
    TR201819207T4|2019-01-21|
    TW201322936A|2013-06-16|
    JP2020103313A|2020-07-09|
    AU2012330370A1|2014-05-29|
    TWI608804B|2017-12-21|
    RU2014121213A|2015-12-10|
    IN2014DN03446A|2015-06-05|
    IL232048D0|2014-05-28|
    SG11201401844RA|2014-05-29|
    DK2770859T3|2019-01-28|
    LT2770859T|2019-01-10|
    KR102029510B1|2019-10-07|
    EP2770859B1|2018-12-05|
    CA2851933A1|2013-05-02|
    PL2770859T3|2019-05-31|
    US9949507B2|2018-04-24|
    PT2770859T|2019-03-21|
    HUE040751T2|2019-03-28|
    AU2012330370B2|2017-04-13|
    WO2013060781A1|2013-05-02|
    CA2851933C|2019-10-29|
    CN103889258B|2019-06-21|
    CN109393580A|2019-03-01|
    NZ624108A|2015-05-29|
    CN103889258A|2014-06-25|
    JP2014530632A|2014-11-20|
    MX2014005081A|2014-08-22|
    SI2770859T1|2019-01-31|
    RS58160B1|2019-03-29|
    ZA201402517B|2015-12-23|
    IL232048A|2018-10-31|
    JP6674429B2|2020-04-01|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-07| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/10/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11250875.9|2011-10-27|
    EP11250875|2011-10-27|
    PCT/EP2012/071165|WO2013060781A1|2011-10-27|2012-10-25|Aerosol generating system with improved aerosol production|
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