docking station for wireless docking with a dockee in a shared radio spectrum environment, and metho

专利摘要:
COUPLING STATION FOR WIRELESS COUPLING WITH A DOCKEE IN A SHARED RADIO SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENT, AND, METHOD TO PROVIDE A COUPLING STATION A wireless docking system in a shared environment of the radio spectrum, including: a docking station (120 ) configured with a radio (322) connected to an antenna (324); a dockee configured with a radio (312) connected to an antenna (314) and using a radio standard with a carrier sense mechanism for its communication with the docking station; and an antenna efficiency reduction device (328) that reduces the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism on the dockee when the dockee is physically coupled to the docking station.
公开号:BR112014008271B1
申请号:R112014008271-5
申请日:2012-10-03
公开日:2021-02-17
发明作者:Koen Johanna Guillaume Holtman；Maurice Herman Johan Draaijer
申请人:Koninklijke Philips N.V.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [0001] This invention relates to a wireless coupling and, more particularly, to a wirelessly coupled antenna tuner for the improvement and optimization of the connection efficiency.
[0002] [0002] Wireless docking uses wireless technologies to connect portable devices, such as cell phones, laptops, etc., for normally stationary docking environments. Such a portable device is called a dockee or a wireless dockee. The wireless docking environment allows dockee access to peripherals, such as a large screen, a keyboard, a mouse, and input / output ports that can be used to improve the end user's experience and productivity when interacting with users. applications running on the dockee. An example for wireless docking is to provide the user of a mobile phone with the possibility of using a larger screen, such as a TV or PC monitor, when interacting with an application, such as an email client or a web browser, running on the mobile phone.
[0003] [0003] To perform wireless docking, the dockee connects wirelessly to one or more wireless docking stations, also known as wireless docking hosts, in order to gain access to peripherals in the wireless docking environment. In a simple case, the wireless docking environment is accomplished by having a single wireless base station in one location (in a room, on a desk in an office, etc.) on which peripherals, such as televisions, PC monitors, keyboards etc., are all connected. In a specific example, a Bluetooth wireless keyboard and a USB webcam can be connected to a docking station to become part of a docking environment. Thus, the dockee would be connected to the wireless keyboard and the USB webcam after docking with the docking station.
[0004] [0004] In practical terms, Wi-Fi will be the most logical wireless protocol to allow wireless docking between the docking station and the dockee device, as many (potential) dockee devices come with built-in Wi-Fi support. However, a complete wireless docking system that aims to ensure compatibility between device and manufacturer between different dockees and docking stations in a practical way is still defined by a set of mechanisms or protocols between dockees and docking stations that perform Wi connection configuration - Easy and convenient automatic WiFi between the dockee and the docking stations with their associated peripherals.
[0005] [0005] In the wireless docking environment, the state of "being docked" in this context - the docked state - is the state where the dockee has access to all peripherals in the wireless docking environment, or at least all peripherals in the wireless docking environment that the dockee has chosen to access. The grouping of several peripherals in a single wireless docking environment that allows the user to connect the dockee to all peripherals in the wireless docking environment, initiating a single “dock” action is an important concept to allow for ease of use. The "decoupled" state is a state where there is no access to any of the peripherals in the wireless docking environment. Preferably, the coupling and uncoupling procedures are automatic, as much as possible, requiring minimal intervention and minimal prior configuration by a user.
[0006] [0006] The docking station can be implemented in several ways. It may be a specially designed single-use device, or it could be, for example, a PC with some software applications, which may have some extra hardware attached to make the coupling more convenient and / or efficient. An HDTV can also have built-in functionality to act as a docking station. One design option that is considered by all these classes of docking stations is to equip the station with a support, on which the dockee can be placed. Placing the dockee in the holder will generally have the effect of triggering a docking action. Another option is to equip the docking station with a docking block, a surface on which the dockee can be placed. Again, the placement would cause a docking action, at least when the dockee was in the previously uncoupled state.
[0007] [0007] Equipping a docking station with a support, cushion, or other demarcated area has the advantage that if a single room or single area in a building contains many docking stations, all within the potential of wireless range, there will be an easy way for a user to indicate which wireless docking station and environment implicitly what the user wants to dock. Another trigger can be through a menu on the dockee device. For example, in a room, when a user is sitting in a chair with the dockee device in hand, it would be convenient to trigger a docking action with a docking station that is not within arm's reach using a menu on the dockee. Additional triggers that start from an unattached state to a coupled state include: (a) the verification of an NFC (Near Field Communication) tag on a docking station by a dockee, or (b) by the user pressing a specific button on the dockee, or (c) at the docking station. A maximally useful wireless coupling standard should enable many of these trigger types, giving device manufacturers and end users the option to select what is most convenient for them.
[0008] [0008] To promote maximum user friendliness, the triggering of a “decoupling” action should not always be the reverse of a triggering of a “coupling” action. For example, if docking can be initiated automatically by the user by placing a cell phone dockee on a docking pad, then it may not be convenient if the uncoupling happens automatically when the user picks up the cell phone to answer a call. The Wi-Fi connection between the phone and the docking station can also be maintained when the user picked up the phone from the docking pad, although in some cases the transfer rate of the call may suffer a direct signal path block with the user. your body.
[0009] [0009] If a dockee is placed on a docking cushion, positioned on a support, or placed by the user within an area (physically demarcated, or just known) that is associated with a docking station or docking environment, the dockee is considered in the state of being “physically coupled”. If a dockee enters the state of being physically docked, this can trigger a docking action, resulting in a dockee also becoming logically docked. If the dockee ceases to be physically coupled, it may not necessarily cease to be coupled in a logical manner.
[0010] 1. Para desencadear um processo de acoplamento lógico. 2. Para assegurar que o dockee seja ligado a uma fonte de energia, por exemplo, o carregamento sem fio pela colocação de um telefone em uma almofada de carga. 3. Para otimizar, ou tornar mais previsível, a qualidade da comunicação sem fios entre o dockee e a estação de acoplamento/ ambiente de acoplamento. A qualidade (de velocidade, latência) e a previsibilidade da comunicação terão um efeito sobre a utilidade da combinação do dockee com os periféricos no ambiente de acoplamento. 4. Para criar uma entrada para um mecanismo de segurança, de modo que (a) o processo de acoplamento pode prosseguir de forma mais segura e/ou (b) o processo de acoplamento pode omitir alguns passos de diálogo de segurança que o usuário teria que passar por outra forma ao acoplar logicamente a partir de uma distância. As conexões sem fio podem estar sujeitas a ataques intermediários pelos quais um atacante (remoto) com o equipamento certo pode aparentar ser um dockee a uma estação de acoplamento, ou uma estação de acoplamento para um dockee. Embora os mecanismos conhecidos, como a autenticação do código PIN (de Bluetooth) possam diminuir as chances de ataques bem sucedidos, estes não são práticos. Acoplamento físico, com um mecanismo de detecção para o acoplamento físico, que é difícil para um ataque intermediário remoto para influenciar é, portanto, uma importante via para reforçar a segurança, mas não deve ser à custa de facilidade de utilização. [0010] Physical coupling can be done by a user for a number of reasons, and several of these reasons can be applied at the same time: 1. To trigger a logical coupling process. 2. To ensure that the dockee is connected to a power source, for example, wireless charging by placing a phone on a charging pad. 3. To optimize, or make more predictable, the quality of wireless communication between the dockee and the docking station / docking environment. The quality (of speed, latency) and the predictability of the communication will have an effect on the usefulness of the combination of the dockee and the peripherals in the docking environment. 4. To create an entry for a security mechanism, so that (a) the coupling process can proceed more safely and / or (b) the coupling process can omit some security dialog steps that the user would have to go through another way by logically coupling from a distance. Wireless connections can be subject to intermediate attacks whereby an attacker (remote) with the right equipment can appear to be a dockee to a docking station, or a docking station to a dockee. Although known mechanisms, such as PIN (Bluetooth) authentication, can decrease the chances of successful attacks, they are not practical. Physical coupling, with a detection mechanism for physical coupling, which is difficult for a remote intermediary attack to influence is therefore an important way to strengthen security, but it should not be at the expense of ease of use.
[0011] 1. Um desencadeamento ou mecanismo/evento inicial que começa o processo de acoplamento, onde este desencadeamento pode selecionar um ambiente de acoplamento sem fio entre vários ambientes de acoplamento sem fio que estão todos na faixa sem fio. 2. A criação de uma ou mais conexões seguras sem fio entre o dockee e a estação(ões) de acoplamento ou outros elementos no ambiente de acoplamento, com a inicialização dessas conexões seguras, muitas vezes contando com mecanismos de criação ‘relação de confiança/detecção’ que protegem contra um ataque intermediário. 3. A seleção dos protocolos sem fio e configurações de interface ideais para uso em comunicações para e de funções periféricas no estado acoplado, por exemplo, canal Wi-Fi. [0011] Several important elements of the process are identified for the process that leads from an decoupled state to a coupled state. These process elements do not have to occur in a fixed order, nor should they always occur for each type of coupling process envisaged. Some of these elements are: 1. An initial trigger or mechanism / event that begins the docking process, where this trigger can select a wireless docking environment among several wireless docking environments that are all in the wireless range. 2. The creation of one or more secure wireless connections between the dockee and the docking station (s) or other elements in the docking environment, with the initialization of these secure connections, often relying on mechanisms of creation 'trust / detection 'that protect against an intermediate attack. 3. The selection of wireless protocols and interface configurations ideal for use in communications to and from peripheral functions in the coupled state, for example, Wi-Fi channel.
[0012] [0012] Current coupling and charging support use electrical contact points to carry out charging and / or data connections. The disadvantages of this approach are that the contacts can get dirty, and will not work well over time, and that the contact points are an impediment to obtaining aesthetics in the style of the mobile device.
[0013] [0013] A wireless standard, such as Wi-Fi, can be used to support wireless coupling. Wi-Fi works over an open frequency band (ISM), so Wi-Fi connections may be subject to interference from other users on the same channel, such as other Wi-Fi users. To avoid interruption of communications due to this interference, WiFi was designed to share the channel, and all devices use the CSMA mechanism (multiple sense carrier access). This mechanism ensures that all devices in the other's range alternate in sending packets.
[0014] [0014] FIG. 1 shows the situation where dockees A 110 and E 130, docking stations B 120 and D 140, a Wi-Fi router 150, and a laptop 160 are using the same wireless channel C. In addition, a wireless device non-Wi-Fi 170 transmits information about the wireless C channel, or overlay with wireless C channel. Limit 180 indicates an interval at which dockee 110 can pick up a signal from another device using channel C. This it is a simplification, as the interval can be different depending on the type and transmission power settings of the other devices. For dockee A 110 docked to a B 120 docking station using the wireless C channel, this means that when dockee E 130, or docking station D 140, router 150, laptop 160, or wireless device 170 is actively using the same wireless C channel - or a partial overlay channel - being in the 180 range of the dockee A 110, using the channel causes performance degradation for dockee A 110, compared to performance, when there are no others active users present. This is due to the fact that the carrier sense mechanisms on dockee A 110 and docking station B 120 will move away using channel C if they detect another device using the channel. This degradation can cause, for example, the degradation of the screen refresh speed which makes it impossible to comfortably watch a video over the wireless coupling connection, although it will not cause total loss of the connection.
[0015] 1. Um sinal de rádio codificado de acordo com o padrão Wi-Fi é detectado no canal, com uma intensidade de sinal de, pelo menos, X db. 2. Qualquer sinal é detectado no canal, com uma intensidade de sinal de, pelo menos, X+Y db. (Ou seja, o sinal deve ser significativamente mais forte do que na primeira condição). [0015] Let's assume that a device 110 in Fig. 1 is a general-purpose device, such as a cell phone, using 802.11n ('Wi-Fi n') radio. Under normal circumstances, the interval at which the carrier sense mechanism of a device 110 picks up signals can be indicated by area 180. The carrier sense mechanism (or carrier detection) on an 802.11n-compatible device, such as the A 110 device , it is necessary to prevent transmissions from the device if any of the following statements are true: 1. A radio signal encoded according to the Wi-Fi standard is detected on the channel, with a signal strength of at least X db. 2. Any signal is detected on the channel, with a signal strength of at least X + Y db. (That is, the signal must be significantly stronger than in the first condition).
[0016] [0016] The exact values for X and Y, in the case of 802.11n, can be found in section 20.3.22.5 of the document IEEE 802.11n-2009. For signal encoding in some previous Wi-Fi standards, the second condition does not always need to be implemented.
[0017] [0017] The two conditions mentioned above mean that transmissions by any of the devices 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170 can cause a device 110 to wait before accessing the channel, causing a performance degradation in the communication between dockee A 110 and the B 120 docking station.
[0018] [0018] A particular problem is that an 802.11n radio implementation for general use, as expected to be present in the dockee A 110, respects the above limitations, when it can transmit, even if the dockee A 110 itself is transmitting the low power consumption Z << X, which makes it very unlikely that this transmission will interfere with the concomitant use of the C channel by devices 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170. The Wi-Fi standard (and most standards without wire) was not designed with the special case of radio communication with a very short distance in mind. Therefore, common implementations of these standards cannot make exceptions to optimize this case. A certification scheme can even prevent them from making certain exceptions.
[0019] [0019] One way to improve performance in the situation in Fig. 1 is to isolate devices A 110 and B 120 from their environment, for example, by placing them inside a Faraday cage. However, this is not a practical solution for the case of wireless coupling. Another way is to ensure that most devices in the domain use different, non-overlapping channels. However, the number of channels available for use by 802.11n radios is limited, as this is only a partial solution, at best. For example, in an open-plan office building, considering a docking station per table (per employee) and an average minimum space of 5x5 meters per employee, 99 other docking stations can be found on the same floor within a grid. 50x50 meters around a single docking station. If 802.11n connected to channels is used, there are only about 10 pairs of non-overlapping channels to choose from. This means that, in an office environment, Fig. 1 shows a realistic, perhaps even optimistic, representation of other range devices under the assumption that only devices using the same channel are shown.
[0020] [0020] In the article “Adaptive CSMA for Scalable Network Capacity in High-Density WLAN: A Hardware Prototyping Approach”, by Zhu, J. Metzler, B. Guo, X. Liu, Y, at: INFOCOM 2006, the 25th Conference IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications Procedures (hereinafter the article), the authors describe this problem and point out that in dense WLAN environments, the high sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism can be a performance problem. The authors propose to solve it by having the devices in question using a carrier sense level adaptation algorithm (CAA) (figure 3 on paper) to guide towards an upper limit (stronger signal strength) for the mechanism of the carrier sense. Figure 11 (a) in the article shows, for a test in an open plan office shown in figure 9 of the article, the performance improvements achieved using this technique. Certain achievements here differ in several important aspects from the approach advocated in this article. For example, certain achievements here do not depend on any mechanism built into the dockee that causes the dockee's carrier sense mechanism to use a different limit. In addition, some achievements here do not use a control loop to achieve an optimal limit setting using the properties of the radio environment. In contrast, some achievements here use the concept of physical coupling as a discriminator between entering a regime in the 'normal' carrier sense and a regime in the modified carrier sense.
[0021] [0021] After applying an embodiment of the invention described here, the interval, as shown in Fig. 1, in which the dockee A 110 can pick up a signal from another device using, for example, the C channel is reduced, such as indicated by the smallest range indicated by 190. So, even if there are Wi-Fi devices or other devices in the range that use the C channel, and / or an overlay channel, there is a better performance of the connection between the dockee station and the docking station, according to an embodiment of the present invention. This is particularly desirable if many wireless docking stations are very close to each other in a single room or space, for example, in a web café or in an open-plan office.
[0022] [0022] Certain achievements create a good wireless link provision between a sender (eg Dockee A 110) and a receiver (eg B 120 docking station), and to maintain the high link provision, regardless of what occurs in the environment. Note that a connection provision is understood as accounting for all gains and losses from the transmitter through the medium to the receiver in a telecommunications system. This accomplishment maximizes the data rate and minimizes the times when the connection temporarily drops (for example, no packet transmission is possible for 0.1 seconds) due to causes such as interference, deterioration in the quality of the link due to the multi-path effect, or people or objects in motion between the antennas etc ...
[0023] [0023] Other additional achievements implement the dockee as a general purpose device (Wi-Fi), using standard technology.
[0024] [0024] In a first embodiment of the invention, a wireless docking system in a shared spectrum environment includes: a docking station configured with a radio connected to an antenna, a dockee configured with a radio connected to an antenna and using a radio pattern with a carrier sense mechanism for its communication with the docking station; and an antenna efficiency reduction device, which reduces the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism on the dockee when the dockee is physically attached.
[0025] [0025] In a second embodiment, when the dockee is physically connected to the docking station of the first embodiment, the radio transmission power in the dockee is set to be less than when the dockee is physically decoupled from the docking station.
[0026] [0026] In a third embodiment, the radio in the dockee of the first embodiment is configured to switch between at least two configurations of the limit of the carrier direction.
[0027] [0027] In a fourth embodiment, the dockee of the first embodiment further comprises a first loading coil, and the docking station further comprises a second loading coil, in which the second loading coil is aligned with the first loading coil for charge the dockee when physically attached.
[0028] [0028] In a fifth embodiment, a docking station for wirelessly docking with a dockee in a shared radio spectrum environment, where the dockee is configured with a radio connected to a first antenna and using a radio standard with a carrier sense mechanism for communication with the docking station, the docking station comprising: a radio connected to a second antenna, and an antenna efficiency reduction device, which reduces the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism in the dockee to signals transmitted by other devices in the shared radio spectrum environment when the dockee is physically connected to the docking station.
[0029] [0029] In a sixth embodiment, the antenna efficiency reduction device of the fifth embodiment is a tuning device that moves from the natural resonance frequency of the first antenna.
[0030] [0030] In a seventh embodiment, the antenna efficiency reduction device of the fifth embodiment is a radio absorber, reflector or shield that attenuates the radio signals received by the transmissions dockee by other devices.
[0031] [0031] In an eighth embodiment, the tuning device of the sixth embodiment comprises a conductive metal that couples with the first antenna.
[0032] [0032] In a ninth embodiment, the antenna efficiency reduction device of the fifth embodiment is a tuning device that makes the first antenna less efficient, creating an electromagnetic coupling between the different elements of the first antenna that are designed to be electrically isolated each other.
[0033] [0033] In a tenth embodiment, the tuning device of the sixth embodiment comprises a conductive metal that mates with the antenna on the dockee.
[0034] [0034] In an eleventh embodiment, the tuning device of the sixth embodiment comprises a plurality of metal conductive elements that are connected to each other by means of at least one resistor and in which at least one resistor dissipates the energy of electromagnetic field that flows through the plurality of elements of the conductive metal.
[0035] [0035] In a twelfth realization, a connection to at least one resistance of the eleventh realization is made by means of a switch.
[0036] [0036] In a thirteenth realization, the antenna efficiency reduction device of the fifth realization can be turned on or off.
[0037] [0037] In a fourteenth embodiment, the radio in the docking station of the fifth embodiment is connected to a plurality of antennas, in which each of the plurality of antennas is positioned in such a way that the connection is optimized for a given type of dockee.
[0038] [0038] In a fifteenth embodiment, the docking station of the fifth embodiment also comprises an alignment structure for the alignment of a docked dock, such that the first antenna is aligned with a predefined configuration with the reduction device the efficiency of the antenna at the docking station.
[0039] [0039] In a sixteenth embodiment, the alignment structure of the fifteenth embodiment comprises a specific shape for the docking station to allow the dockee to be placed inside or on the docking station only in a specific position.
[0040] [0040] In a seventeenth embodiment, the alignment structure of the fifteenth embodiment comprises a movable part on which the second antenna is mounted, so that the movable part can be moved to a location where the second antenna is aligned with the first antenna.
[0041] [0041] In an eighteenth realization, the docking station of the seventeenth realization also comprises a first charging coil for charging by means of electromagnetic coupling with a second charging coil located in the dockee, in which the charging coils also serve like an electromagnet that moves the moving part.
[0042] [0042] In a nineteenth embodiment, the alignment structure of the fifteenth embodiment comprises a grooved structure for the docking station, opened on one side and closed on the other side, to allow the dockee to be placed within the grooved structure that touches the closed side of the groove.
[0043] [0043] In a twentieth realization, a docking station for wirelessly docking with a dockee in a shared radio spectrum environment, where the dockee is configured with a radio connected to a first antenna and using a radio standard with a carrier sense mechanism for communication with the docking station, the docking station comprising: a central unit that has a radio, an antenna module, and an antenna efficiency reduction module to reduce the efficiency of the first antenna on the dockee by reducing the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism; where the central unit has an interface to connect to the antenna module and the antenna efficiency reduction module.
[0044] [0044] In general, the various aspects of the invention can be combined and coupled in any possible way, within the scope of the invention. The topic that is considered to be the invention is particularly highlighted and distinctly claimed in the claims at the end of the specification. The foregoing and other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be evident from the following detailed description considered with the accompanying drawings. The following drawings are examples of constructions and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0045] [0045] FIG. 1 shows multiple wireless devices using the same channel or overlay channel.
[0046] [0046] FIG. 2 shows the couplings between antenna systems and tuning objects.
[0047] [0047] FIG. 3 shows a dockee and a docking bracket, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0048] [0048] FIG. 4 shows coupling pads, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0049] [0049] FIG. 5 shows a coupling pad / support, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0050] [0050] FIG. 6 shows a dockee and a docking bracket, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0051] [0051] FIG. 7 shows modular components of a docking station, according to an invention.
[0052] [0052] The following achievements describe a device for modifying the carrier sense of the dockee. This device to modify the carrier sense of the dockee modifies the properties of the mechanism of the carrier sense in the dockee, when the dockee is physically connected with the docking station. Preferably, the carrier sense modifier modifies the properties without the need for any changes to be made to the dockee. For example, there have been no changes to the software, hardware, settings, or network protocol standard used by the dockee radio. As described in certain embodiments here, the effect of modifying the carrier sense mechanism makes the dockee less capable - preferably incapable - of detecting radio signals from other devices (such as devices 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170 shown in Fig. 1), without losing its ability to detect radio signals from the docking station. The specification and figures here only discuss devices using channel C. However, the invention is not limited to channel C, and there may also be other devices using other channels in the same room (s).
[0053] [0053] ‘Detection’ is operationally defined as ‘detection happens whenever signals from the carrier sense mechanism to other elements of the MAC layer implementation on the dock and that a carrier is detected’.
[0054] [0054] In some embodiments, the device to modify the carrier sense of the dockee is implemented using an antenna efficiency reduction method, which reduces the efficiency of the antenna system in a dockee that is used for communication over a C channel , when the dockee is physically connected to the dock. For example, the dockee carrier sense modification device can be implemented using a tuning antenna.
[0055] [0055] The reception performance of an antenna system, its ability to pick up a signal and convert it into a current strong enough for the radio to make use of it, can be impaired if the antenna is tuned. “Tuning” is defined as changing the natural resonance frequency of the antenna system, making it a less than ideal resonator for picking up signals from a target channel C. Tuning can happen if a tuning device, including a conductive object , or a set of conductive objects, is placed close to an antenna. The conductive object and the antenna become electrically coupled, for example, through capacitive coupling when they are close by, without touching, or through conductive coupling when the non-isolated energized parts touch. The coupling alters the electrical characteristics of the antenna, which leads to a change in the natural resonance frequency of the entire antenna system. This is illustrated in Fig. 2 (A), where a radio 210 is connected to an antenna 220 and a grounded plane 250. The conductive object 230, a wire length in this example, changes the characteristics of the antenna by capacitive coupling. Wire 230 is larger than antenna 220, so that the combination of antenna 220 and wire 230 forms an electrical system with the wrong resonant frequency when driven by radio 210. Fig. 2 (A) also shows another example of conductive object 240 that “shortens” both the antenna 220 and the grounded plane 250 to a certain extent. As a result, radio 210 is less capable of detecting voltage differences between them and, therefore, less capable of detecting a radio signal.
[0056] [0056] The conducting body can create an electromagnetic coupling between the antenna and the grounded plane without physically contacting them. A conductive object can also have the effect of changing the resonance frequency. Note that conductive objects 230 and 240 do not need to be present at the same time, in order for them to have this effect.
[0057] [0057] As shown in FIG. 2 (B), one embodiment includes a small resistor 260, for example, 50 Ohms, within the short circuit thus formed. This resistor converts part of the resonant (electromagnetic) EM from the energy of the field that flows through the tuner field into heat, depriving the radio of energy from the EM field that it can detect. This resistor 260 can be a real electrical component, for example, a surface mounted resistor connecting two conductor elements 230, 235 of the tuner, or it can also be realized through a very thin and narrow part of the conductive tuner object. If the tuner is implemented by recording a metal film deposited on a non-conductive surface, this embodiment for the resistor can be particularly attractive. The connection for resistor 260 can optionally be via a mechanical or electronic switch 265.
[0058] [0058] A variant of the tuning scenario is one in which the tuning device causes a coupling between the two antenna poles in a dipole antenna. This usually not only alters the resonance frequency, but also reduces the efficiency of the antenna system, creating a type of 'short' electrical energy that reduces the current that actually flows through the radio itself, reducing the radio's capacity. to detect the fluctuation currents created by means of radio signals in channel C. This realization is illustrated in Fig. 2 (C), in which a radio 210 is connected to a dipole antenna having poles 270 and 280. The tuning device it has a conductive object 290, for example, a wire, which 'shortens' 270 and 280 to some extent, making the radio 210 less able to detect differences in voltage between them, and less able to detect a radio signal. A conductive object 290 can also have the effect of changing the resonant frequency of poles 270 and 280.
[0059] [0059] Tuning also has the effect of reducing the efficiency with which the antenna system can be used to send signals, if the radio feeds current to the system.
[0060] [0060] A conductive coupled object could create an electrical 'short', reducing the efficiency of the radio, without actually performing the tuning (changing the natural resonance frequency) of the radio circuit. Here, common practice will be followed using the term tuning object to describe the class of all conductive objects that, when placed close to or in contact, elements of a radio and antenna system, will cause this system to lose its efficiency to sustain radio reception and / or transmission.
[0061] [0061] Some wireless devices include means of active steering to avoid dissonance, but these generally cannot handle large objects / couplings.
[0062] [0062] Some radio system standards, such as 802.11n, allow the use of MIMO (Multiple-Input MultipleOutput): multiple independent antennas coupled to the same radio. In this revelation, the text and figures generally show the case where only a single antenna is connected to the radio. However, embodiments of the invention can also be applied if the wireless device has multiple antennas connected to its radios. The use of the term ‘antenna system’ is intended to include MIMO antenna systems.
[0063] [0063] Therefore, an antenna efficiency reduction device has the effect of reducing the efficiency through which a dockee's antenna system can pick up signals, and it can also have the effect of reducing the efficiency with which the system can emit signals. Typically, due to the way radio systems work on a dockee, both efficiencies are reduced at the same time. In terms of terminology for calculating connection provision, which is commonly used in radio design, the antenna efficiency reduction device has the effect of decreasing the gain factor of the dockee's antenna.
[0064] [0064] By reducing the efficiency of the dockee's antenna (s), the carrier sense mechanism on the dockee becomes less sensitive to signals from other devices (for example, devices 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170 in Fig. 1): the signal increases the values of the resistance limit X and X + Y to the signal to higher values (stronger signal) in the CSMA mechanism described above. This means that the dockee can use the C channel more often to send messages to the docking station, because its carrier sense mechanism ignores, preferably all, but at least some, of the cases where other devices are using the channel. With the dockee being able to use the channel more often than before, the channel's efficiency is improved for the dockee.
[0065] [0065] An additional technical advantage that can be achieved is that the dockee, when receiving data from the docking station, is less sensitive to interference from other devices that use the same channel.
[0066] [0066] Another additional advantage that can be achieved is that the antenna efficiency reduction device can decrease the signal strength that the dockee can use to send messages. This means that other devices (for example, 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170 in fig. 1) are less likely to experience performance degradation due to the use of the dockee's upper channel.
[0067] [0067] Note that for the case of Wi-Fi to be used, the dockee will often include a signal strength regulator that automatically reduces the signal strength to a lower level, when the receiver is close, as is the case. case of the docking station. If this regulator is present, either as an automatic system, or as a manually controlled system, it is controlled by the manufacturer. Therefore, an optional embodiment includes an automatic signal strength regulator, and another optional embodiment includes a manually controlled signal strength regulator.
[0068] [0068] In an embodiment of the invention with reference to Fig. 3, the antenna efficiency reduction device is a tuner for tuning the antenna 314 and, eventually, other antenna elements connected to the radio 312, with tuning, as previously revealed .
[0069] [0069] In another embodiment of the invention, the antenna efficiency reduction device functions as a radio wave absorber, reflector, or shield, thus reducing the coupling between the electromagnetic field of the dockee (and, optionally, the station coupling), and other devices in the vicinity.
[0070] [0070] Another preferred embodiment, although optional, is that the docking station is equipped with an antenna, in a location close to the dockee's antenna, and / or with a directional sensitivity that is directed towards the location (s) , where the dockee antenna (s) is (or could) be, in order to support communication between the dockee and the docking station.
[0071] [0071] The close placement and / or directionality of the antenna has the technical benefits of (a) creating a sufficiently high connection provision (connection quality) for communications between the dockee and the docking station, even if the dockee antenna is tuned in, and (b) allow the dockee and docking station to decrease the transmit power they use to communicate, thus ensuring that other devices are less likely to experience performance degradation due to high channel usage. dockee and / or docking station.
[0072] [0072] It is not a requirement that the holder contains a radio that is connected to the antenna - the radio can be on any other device that is connected to the holder with a wire. In one embodiment, the holder has a USB cable, through which it can be connected to a computer, in such a way that the combination of the holder and the computer can function as a docking station.
[0073] [0073] FIG. 3 shows a dockee and a docking bracket, according to an embodiment of the invention. The dockee device 310 has a radio 312 connected to an antenna 314 and, optionally, to a ground plane 316. The antenna 314 can include a single antenna element, two elements of similar shapes (shown as a dipole in Fig. 3 ), or by a set of antenna elements in an appropriate shape and form. The docking station 320 has a radio 322 connected to an antenna 324 and, optionally, to a grounding plane 326. The docking station 320 also contains a tuning device 328 acting as a device to reduce the efficiency of the antenna, reducing the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism in the dockee. Here, the tuning device is implemented as a piece of metal. The geometry of the docking station 320, with the alignment structure 330 ensures that the metal part is aligned with the antenna 314, when the dockee 310 is physically connected, so that the tuning effect can occur. When the dockee is physically detached, removed from the holder, the tuning effect disappears, allowing the dockee to function as a regular Wi-Fi device, if applicable. The docking station 320 is shown as a support, but it can take various forms.
[0074] [0074] In this embodiment, the alignment structure 330 is realized through the shape design of the docking station 320 so that the dockee 310 is always located in the same position, when placed in the docking station 320. The buttons and the screen in the front of the dockee 310 create a visual cue for the user of the dockee 310, causing the user to place the dockee 310 with the screen at the top facing outward. Part of the alignment, therefore, is not forced by the shape of the docking station itself - this shape would not prevent a dockee 310 from being placed on the docking station 320 with the back of the dockee 310 facing outwards, preventing good alignment - but because the designs of the dockee 310 and docking station 320 create a natural inclination for the user to place the dockee 310 in a certain orientation, despite its symmetrical design allowing for other orientations.
[0075] [0075] Note that the antenna locations may be different from what is shown in Fig. 3. For example, some dockee devices may have their antennas on the bottom edge, in order to have more elegant designs of the corresponding docking station.
[0076] [0076] In some embodiments of the invention, the docking station contains multiple antennas as a means of (a) accommodating a large class of dockee devices (more manufacturers, models, types), having separate antennas optimized for individual members of the class and / or (b) simplify the design of the alignment structure, giving the alignment structure multiple antennas to choose from when it comes to creating an alignment, and / or (c) the creation of antenna MIMO configurations for communication between the dockee and the docking station.
[0077] [0077] The multiple antennas can be connected to the radio antenna connection (s) of the 322 docking station. These connections can also be activated via switches so that a specific antenna (or set of antennas) can be connected. selected, or the signals can all be electrically inserted, based on the fact that the antenna that is best positioned will pick up the strongest signal, and that the mix of possible weaker signals from the other antennas will not seriously degrade the quality of the Link.
[0078] [0078] In an embodiment of the invention, the alignment structure 330 is also used, in addition to the alignment of the antenna efficiency reduction device and / or all or part of the antennas on the docking station with the dockee, to ensure that a optional wireless charging coil 340 on dock 320 is aligned with a wireless charging coil 350 on dockee 310. This has the advantage over conventional wireless charging solutions, where a charging pad can be equipped with many coils, that fewer coils are needed in the docking station 320 and / or in the dockee 310, and that the subsystems that control the load can be simplified with respect to solutions that must handle multiple coils or higher coil alignment tolerances.
[0079] [0079] FIG. 4 shows two embodiments of the invention, in which the docking station is realized as a coupling pad.
[0080] [0080] In Fig. 4 (A), the docking station 410 is a docking pad with a radio antenna 412 in a preferred location. The tuning device 414 is implemented as a conductive metal plate located, for example, under the surface of the anchoring pad.
[0081] [0081] In Fig. 4 (B), the docking station 420 is a docking pad with a radio antenna 422 in a preferred location. The tuning device 424 is implemented as a conductive metal plate located, for example, under the surface of the anchoring pad. This design assumes that the dockee is placed on the anchoring pad, so that the antenna on the dockee is parallel to the direction of the conductive strips. A design that allows a more random placement of the dockee can be done using a more complex design of the tuning device, for example, having a second layer of conductive tapes at a 90 degree angle under the first layer, both layers being electrically isolated .
[0082] [0082] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the antenna system of the docking station is designed to compensate for the presence of the antenna efficiency reduction device, where the antenna of the docking station is designed and placed, taking into account the presence tuning device. It is a common activity, in the design of the antenna for small products, to adapt the antenna design to compensate for tuning by large conductive objects (eg batteries, metal plates) in the product - compensation for a tuning device can be done using the same design techniques.
[0083] [0083] Another embodiment of the invention is the implementation of a device to reduce the efficiency of the antenna, which can be turned on or off. Such an antenna efficiency reduction device can be implemented, for example, as a tuning device, by placing a mechanical or electronic switch between two conductive elements, so that they have a lesser or absent tuning effect when the switch is opened.
[0084] [0084] A benefit of the above feature is that it allows the dockee to communicate more easily with distant devices, for example, the Wi-Fi router 150 in Fig. 1, while physically attached. This communication can, for example, be used if the dockee wants to maintain, or occasionally use an Internet connection through the Wi-Fi router 150. When sending a packet to the Wi-Fi router 150, or trying to receive packets from the router Wi-Fi 150, the antenna efficiency reduction device is turned off. The antenna reduction device is turned on for some or all of the time that the dockee tries to communicate with the docking station 120. The Wi-Fi standard contains elements that allow the dockee to prevent the Wi-Fi router 150 from trying send packets to the dockee while the antenna efficiency reduction device is on.
[0085] [0085] Yet another embodiment of the invention is to make the docking station act as a relay for the dockee, when the dockee wants to access other network devices, such as the Wi-Fi router 150 in area 180. This tuning is beneficial, as the antenna's efficiency reduction device may make it impossible for the dockee to send or receive packets over the distance to the Wi-Fi router 150. Tuning can take place at several different protocol layers, for example, at the Ethernet layer (Wireless ) or the IP layer.
[0086] [0086] Another embodiment of the invention provides a control system that mechanically or electronically controls the antenna efficiency reduction device, in order to regulate an optimal level of the reduction volume created in the dockee. The control system may include a feedback loop incorporating signal strength values measured by the dockee's radio. A controllable antenna efficiency reduction device can be made using, for example, a tuning device incorporating an electronic switch, as described above, which can be directed to leave a variable volume of current. Another way to create a controllable tuning device would be to mechanically change the orientation of the driving elements of the tuning device with respect to the dockee.
[0087] [0087] The advantage of this control system is that a wider range of types of dockee devices with different antenna locations and / or a greater number of geometric relationships in the physical coupling can be accommodated. The control can change the volume of tuning produced, and / or the location (s) where a certain volume of tuning is produced. An additional advantage may be that the tolerances of the mechanical design on the dockee and the docking station may be greater.
[0088] [0088] In another embodiment of the invention, if the docking station is a bracket, several antennas and / or antenna efficiency reduction devices are included with the bracket, in various locations, so that many different types of dockee devices , with different locations and / or characteristics of the antenna, can be accommodated.
[0089] [0089] In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the docking station 520 includes at least one movable part 524 on which at least one antenna 522 is mounted, on which this movable part 524 can be produced to move through a movement mechanism 526 in order to to move to a location where the antenna 512 of the dockee 510 is aligned with the antenna 522. Note that the moving part 524 is not limited to just moving in a straight line in one direction. The moving part 524 may be capable of 2D motion, or it may be capable of describing circular motion or motion along a particular track. If the moving part 524 is not capable of full 2D movements, it can be compensated by mounting multiple antennas on the moving part 524, for example, in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.
[0090] [0090] Note that this realization can be combined with the alignment structure 530 and 540 to limit the boundaries of the dockee location, so that the required extent of movement of moving part 524 can also be restricted. As the ends 530 and 540 are on the side, the shape in the figure can be called a cushion (because it is essentially flat) and a support, because it limits the positioning of the dockee in more than one dimension.
[0091] [0091] In a preferred embodiment, the movement mechanism 526 is an electromechanical system with one or more movement actuators.
[0092] [0092] In another embodiment, the circulation mechanism 526 is realized using magnetic fields between the dockee 510 and the docking station 520. As an example, a permanent magnet is placed on the mobile part 524, and an electromagnet is placed on the dockee which is on for a short period of time at the start of the coupling, in order to create a correct alignment. A charge coil can function as such an electromagnet.
[0093] [0093] In one embodiment, the dockee is moved mechanically by the docking station, in order to reach a position and orientation where there is an alignment between the antennas on the dockee and the docking station.
[0094] [0094] This movement can be performed using magnetic fields between the dockee and the docking station. For example, when permanent magnets on a dockee are found, a magnetic coupling is made to remove the dockee in certain directions.
[0095] [0095] Alternatively, the dockee can be placed inside or on a moving transport of the docking station, such that the docking station can move in relation to the location of the antenna on the docking station. As an example, the moving transport can be a rectangular piece of plastic, slightly larger than the shape of a dockee, equipped with permanent magnets, through which the moving transport can be pulled in certain directions.
[0096] [0096] In another alternative, vibration is used by the base station to make the dockee move. By vibrating the surface of a pillow in certain ways, it is possible to lay objects on the pillow in certain directions. This vibration can be performed using piezo elements, and / or using a vibrating plate.
[0097] [0097] In one embodiment, the movement of the dockee is achieved through mechanical actuators that are in contact with the dockee, for example, the pushers or conveyor belts.
[0098] [0098] In another embodiment, the movement of the dockee is achieved, in whole or in part, by gravity, making the docking station shaped like a bowl, or making it an inclined plane with a crest at the bottom.
[0099] [0099] Note that some of the above achievements can also be combined. For example, the dockee can be moved along a horizontal axis and a moving part in the dock along a vertical axis.
[0100] [0100] The movements carried out in the above performance can be controlled by a control mechanism that uses the measurement of the signal strength between the antenna of the dockee and the antenna of the base station as an input. If only that single signal strength is available, then usually back-and-forth movements must be made in order to find the ideal spot. If multiple antennas are available for the docking station from which signal strength can be obtained, then the correct direction of movement can often be obtained considering the strengths of the signals.
[0101] [0101] Also note that the above achievements can optionally be designed to accommodate not just a single dockee, but multiple dockees at the same time. For example, the docking station can achieve this using multiple antennas.
[0102] [0102] In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the docking station 620 is implemented as a grooved structure, opened on one side and closed on the other, with the expectation that the user will place a dockee 610 in close proximity to, or touch, the closed side of the groove 630, such as that the dockee antenna 612 610 aligns with the docking station 624 tuning device 624. The docking station antenna 622 can optionally be placed in alignment with the tuning device 624. This embodiment can advantageously allow the docking station accommodates a larger set of dockees.
[0103] [0103] In yet another embodiment, the docking station is constructed in such a way that the alignment structure is configurable by the end user to provide a desirable alignment for a given class of dockee devices with a given range of shapes and position range of the antenna (s). The docking station can contain mechanical parts that can be moved by the user, for example, along a groove, or by the docking station, providing optional parts that can be added by a user. For example, certain forms of plastic that can be grooved in a hole can be optionally included.
[0104] [0104] In yet another embodiment of the invention is that the antenna efficiency reduction device and the antenna at the docking station are not implemented as isolated subsystems, but as a single subsystem. The only subsystem provides an electrically conductive structure that acts both as an antenna and as a tuning device.
[0105] [0105] As shown in FIG. 7, another embodiment of the invention provides an implemented docking station, not as a single monolithic product, but as parts containing a central unit 710, an antenna efficiency reduction device 730 and an antenna 740 provided separately, allowing a user final combine them, using an adapter. For example, a PC-based docking station will typically be a PC, such as the central unit, with a bracket that includes an antenna and an antenna reduction device to be connected to the PC via a USB cable.
[0106] [0106] The advantage of this feature is that a wider range of dockee models could be conveniently accommodated by designing antenna efficiency reduction devices for different dockee models that can work with the same support or pad, including the antenna, or even with a range of supports and / or cushion models. The antenna efficiency reduction device could come with an enclosure designed to fit the support, cushion or dockee.
[0107] [0107] This invention is applicable to wireless coupling and other situations where a wireless connection needs to be made in a crowded radio environment, where the user is free to place his wireless device in a certain fixed location.
[0108] [0108] Certain variants here establish a connection between a dockee and a docking station, which is more difficult to monitor or narrow from a distance. Typically, encryption is used for secure communications, but an extra layer of protection provided by the invention is an advantage over other wireless coupling solutions.
[0109] [0109] The previous detailed description established some of the many forms that the invention can take. It is intended that the above detailed description is understood as an illustration of selected forms that the invention can adopt and not as a limitation on the definition of the invention. It is only the claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the scope of the present invention.
[0110] [0110] More preferably, the principles of the invention are implemented as any combination of hardware, firmware and software. In addition, the software is preferably implemented as an application program in a tangible form embodied in a computer program storage unit or reading storage medium consisting of parts, or certain devices and / or a combination of the devices. The application program can be loaded and executed by a machine that comprises any suitable architecture. Preferably, the machine is implemented on a computer platform with hardware, such as one or more central processing units (‘CPUs’), a memory and input / output interfaces. The computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code. The various functions and processes described here can be part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which can be performed by a processor, whether that computer or processor is explicitly shown. In addition, several other peripheral units can be connected to the computer platform, such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
COUPLING STATION (320) FOR WIRELESS COUPLING WITH A DOCKEE (310) IN A SHARED RADIO SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENT, where the dockee (310) is configured with a radio (312) connected to a first antenna (314) and using a radio pattern with a carrier sense mechanism for communication with the docking station (320), the docking station (320) being characterized by comprising: a radio (322) connected to a second antenna (324); and an antenna efficiency reduction device (328) that reduces the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism on the dockee (310) to signals transmitted by other devices in the shared radio spectrum environment (130, 140, 150, 160, 170) when the dockee is physically connected to the dock.
[0002]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the reduction in efficiency of the antenna being a tuning device that moves from the natural resonance frequency of the first antenna.
[0003]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna efficiency reduction device is a radio absorber, reflector or shield that attenuates the radio signals received by the transmission dockee by other devices.
[0004]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 2, wherein the tuning device is characterized by comprising a conductive metal (290, 414) which is coupled to the first antenna.
[0005]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna efficiency reduction device is a tuning device that makes the first antenna less efficient, creating an electromagnetic coupling between the different elements of the first antenna that are designed to be electrically isolated from each other.
[0006]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 2, in which the tuning device is characterized by comprising a plurality of conductive metal strips (424) that mate with the antenna on the dockee.
[0007]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 2, wherein the tuning device is characterized by comprising a plurality of metal conductive elements which are connected to each other by means of at least one resistor (260), and in which, at least at least, a resistor (260) dissipates the electromagnetic field energy that flows through the plurality of elements of the conductive metal.
[0008]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 7, characterized in that a connection to at least one resistor (260) is made via a switch (265).
[0009]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna efficiency reduction device can be switched on or off.
[0010]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, characterized in that the radio in the docking station is connected to a plurality of antennas, in which each of the plurality of antennas is positioned in such a way that the connection is optimized for a given type of dockee.
[0011]
COUPLING STATION, according to claim 1, wherein the docking station is characterized by further comprising an alignment structure (330) for aligning a docked dockee (310), such that the first antenna (314) is aligned to a predefined configuration with the antenna efficiency reduction device (328) at the docking station (320).
[0012]
COUPLING STATION according to claim 11, wherein the alignment structure (330) is characterized by comprising a specific shape for the docking station to allow the dockee to be placed inside or on the docking station only in one position specific.
[0013]
COUPLING STATION according to claim 11, wherein the alignment structure is characterized by comprising a movable part (524) on which the second antenna (522) is mounted, so that the movable part can be moved to a location where the second antenna (522) is aligned with the first antenna (512).
[0014]
COUPLING STATION FOR WIRELESS COUPLING WITH A DOCKEE IN A SHARED RADIO SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENT, where the dockee (310) is configured with a radio (312) connected to a first antenna (314) and using a radio standard with a carrier sense mechanism for communication with the docking station, the docking station being characterized by comprising: a central unit (710) that has a radio; an antenna module (740); and an antenna efficiency reduction module (730) to reduce the efficiency of the first antenna in the dockee by reducing the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism; wherein the central unit (710) has an interface (720) for connecting to the antenna module (740) and the antenna efficiency reduction module (730).
[0015]
METHOD FOR PROVIDING A COUPLING STATION (320) FOR WIRELESS COUPLING WITH A DOCKEE (310) IN A SHARED RADIO SPECTRUM ENVIRONMENT, in which the dockee (310) is configured with a radio (312) connected to a first antenna ( 314) and using a radio pattern with a carrier sense mechanism for communication with the docking station (320), the method being characterized by comprising: providing a radio (322) connected to a second antenna (324); and provide an antenna efficiency reduction device (328) that reduces the sensitivity of the carrier sense mechanism in the dockee (310) to signals transmitted by other devices in the shared radio spectrum environment (130, 140, 150, 160, 170) when the dockee is physically connected to the docking station, the antenna efficiency reduction device (328) being connected or connectable to the radio (322).

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同族专利:

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JP6072809B2|2017-02-01|

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WO2013054232A1|2013-04-18|

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CN103843193A|2014-06-04|

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JP2014534501A|2014-12-18|

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法律状态:
2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|

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2020-07-21| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|

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2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/10/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

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