巴西专利BR112014005685B1 Apparatus and Method for Controlling a Rotary Solid Desiccant Dehumidifier

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专利摘要:
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A ROTARY SOLID DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER The present invention generally discloses desiccant dehumidifier control systems. In particular, the present invention relates to solid desiccant dehumidifiers which use a rotor (commonly called wheels) to dehumidify a processing air stream. The invention provides an innovative apparatus for controlling desiccant dehumidifiers and an improved and enhanced method for controlling such dehumidifiers and also for the dehumidifiers provided with such control systems.
公开号:BR112014005685B1
申请号:R112014005685-4
申请日:2012-09-12
公开日:2021-05-11
发明作者:Deepak Pahwa；William Charles Griffiths；Rajan Sachdev；Kuldeep Singh Malik
申请人:Bry Air [Asia] Pvt. Ltd；
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Field of Invention
[001] Generally, the present invention relates to desiccant dehumidifier control systems. In particular, the present invention relates to solid desiccant dehumidifiers, which use a rotor (commonly called wheels) to dehumidify a processed air stream. The invention provides an innovative apparatus for the control of desiccant dehumidifiers and an improved method of controlling such dehumidifiers, and also for dehumidifiers provided with such control systems. Background of the Invention
[002] Dehumidification is a process of removing moisture from the air. There are several known methods of dewetting the air. However, the two best known methods use refrigeration and desiccants. In the refrigeration-based dehumidification method, moisture undergoes a condensing process on a cooling coil, hence removing moisture from an air stream passing over the cooling coil. In desiccant-based dehumidification, the process employed for dehumidification uses absorption or adsorption. An absorption-based process uses either liquid desiccants or solid desiccants, whereas an adsorption-based process uses solid desiccants such as silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieves, etc.
[003] The desiccant-based dehumidifier systems can be either the twin tower type, the cyclic type, or the continuous rotation type. The air to be dried is generally referred to as process air and the air used to regenerate the desiccant is referred to as regeneration air or reactivation air.
[004] Refrigeration-based dehumidification systems are limited with regard to the moisture they can remove. This is because of the factor that below a certain moisture dew point, the cooling coil freezes, hence requiring a defrost cycle which makes the system more complex. When air is dried to the required humidity, it is often too cold for the space or dehumidification process. As a result, this air has to be subjected to a reheating process to raise its temperature to the desired level before use.
[005] On the other hand, desiccant dehumidification systems dry the air by cooling it and can therefore reach the very low dew points that are needed for various industrial applications without the problems of freezing or freezing. Common examples of desiccant dehumidifier use are found in the pharmaceutical industry for drug production, in food processing areas, and in a wide variety of manufacturing processes, which require air with a relative humidity and lower dew points than those that can be technically and economically achieved using refrigeration alone.
[006] Most desiccant dehumidifiers are generally composed of a housing that defines two or more sets of plenums (commonly called sectors), such that two or more discrete air streams can be passed through the wheel. The wheel contains a large number of small axially arranged passages so that two or more air streams can be passed through the wheel without significant cross mixing. The walls of the passages are impregnated with the desiccant providing a large area of contact between the desiccant and the air currents passing through them. A first stream of air (the process air stream) is passed through the wheel and is dehumidified by the desiccant impregnated in the wheel. A second air stream (the reactivation air stream) is heated and passed through the wheel to expel the absorbed or adsorbed moisture in the processing sector. The wheel is continuously rotated between the processing and reactivation sectors in such a way that air dehumidification processing is a continuous process. One or more additional air streams can be passed through the wheel to enhance dehumidification performance and/or reduce dehumidifier energy requirements.
[007] Desiccant dehumidifiers use a considerable amount of heat energy to regenerate or to reactivate the desiccant. Accordingly, over the years, significant attention has been paid to attempts to minimize the amount of heat energy required. Typically these efforts have been focused on intensifying and improving the design of the desiccant beds or wheel, and strategies to control the controllability of the desiccant dehumidifier system in response to moisture loading in the controlled space, or when processing air.
[008] The US patent application published under No. US 2010/0031528 Al discloses a process for controlling the moisture content of a feed gas that is used for drying a product. The process described in this document comprises heating the gas if required, determining its temperature and moisture content, and then contacting it with a rotating desiccant wheel and recovering the dehumidified fed gas. The rotation of the desiccant wheel is controlled using data relating to gas temperature and moisture content in combination with the corresponding isothermal desiccant sorption. This document stipulates the use of a closed loop of superheated steam as the regenerative medium in order to reduce the high energy consumption of zeolite regeneration. While the document refers to the use of a pressure transmitter to monitor and ensure a constant gas flow through the fan/fan and a special transmitter to measure the moisture content of the feed gas, there is no disclosure of any specific means which are used to measure both temperature and moisture content. The method used to determine both the temperature and moisture content of the feed gas is therefore necessarily limited to those methods that can be used with closed loop steam feed systems.
U.S. Patent No. US 5,188,645 discloses a method and apparatus for adjusting the dew point using a dry desiccant dehumidifier. The method disclosed in this document does not use any control mechanism to ensure the determination of humidity or temperature values, and apparently relies instead on providing temperature values that are predetermined.
[010] US patent No. US 7,690,582 discloses a humidity control apparatus in which the amount of heat exchange between the first and second air streams and the amount of moisture exchange between the first and second streams of air are varied by changing the speed of rotation of the desiccant wheel. Two fixed wheel speeds are used, one for dehumidifying the air during summer time and the other for heating and humidifying during winter time. The humidity control device is switched between two positions - dehumidifying operation and humidity/heating operation. The invention of this patent specifically relies/depends on avoiding the use of switching valves. The measurement of the temperature of the air that is used is apparently only performed once and is apparently a function of predetermined parameters. This does not provide flexibility in system operation.
[011] Japanese Patent No. 2010-110736 discloses a method for improving the operational efficiency of a dry desiccant dehumidifier while maintaining a constant dew point humidity at the outlet of the desiccant. The method disclosed in this document involves controlling the reactivation air flow in such a way that an average reactivation outlet temperature is measured and is maintained at a fixed value. According to this document, the desiccant is considered fully reactivated if the average reactivation air outlet temperature is kept at a fixed value. The document also describes a method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a dry desiccant unit with a purification sector located sequentially between the reactivation sector and the processing sector. The air flow through the purification sector is concurrent with the reactivation air flow and counter current with the process air flow. A portion of the processing discharge air stream is used for the purification air stream. The air flow through the purification sector is controlled in such a way that a constant air temperature is maintained at its discharge. The speed of the desiccant rotor can be adjusted in proportion to the reactivation air flow. The purification sector uses waste heat in the wheel for a portion of the reactivation process. Average reactivation and purification discharge temperatures are used. The method and apparatus of this document relies almost exclusively on control of the reactivation air flow to maintain the average reactivation outlet temperature at a fixed predetermined value. Said method does not provide the necessary operating flexibility that is desirable and does not allow for dynamic control.
[012] Japanese patent No. 2010-247041 describes a method to achieve apparently stable and high variable control operation when controlling a dehumidification operation. In this method, the average dew point temperature of the feed air can be detected and can be controlled to conventionally satisfy requirements. The system controls the number of rotor revolutions or the regeneration temperature of a dehumidifier of an adsorption rotor system according to the change of dehumidifying load, etc. The method is applicable to a desiccant dehumidifier with a purification sector located sequentially between the reactivation and reactivation sectors. Essentially, this document relates to a method whereby the dehumidification load is inferred/deducted through the average rise in air temperature across the processing sector. Controlled variables can include rotor speed, airflow and reactivation temperature, airflow in the purification sector, and process airflow. The air flow in the purification sector can be in any direction and the source of purification air can be from the process air supply or process air discharge. Again, said method does not provide the necessary flexibility of operation that is desirable and does not allow for dynamic control due to its almost exclusive reliability in measuring the average air temperature rise through the processing sector to ensure that this is maintained at a predetermined value.
[013] Japanese Patent No. 08-141352 discloses a method for continuously diagnosing the degradation of a rotor and predicting the time when replacing the rotor. The method involves measuring the average output temperature of the regenerated air in a second dehumidifying stage to diagnose rotor degradation when in the first dehumidifying stage. The method and apparatus of this disclosure relates to a dehumidification system having two dehumidifiers in series with ambient air from the first dehumidifier preconditioner which is at least a portion of the air inlet to the second dehumidifier. The essence of this disclosure is to infer the amount of dehumidification occurring in the first dehumidifier by measuring the temperature drop of the reactivation air through the second dehumidifier. The patent is specific to systems with two dehumidifiers in series, and lacks the necessary flexibility that is desirable for dehumidification systems based on solid desiccants.
[014] Japanese patent No. 2001-099451 discloses a method and apparatus in which the amount of heat required for reactivation in a dehumidifier is minimized and in which a rotor is reactivated with heated air. In this revelation the rotor is heated with reactivation air, moving in two or more reactivation sectors. The rotor temperature immediately after it has moved to the reactivation section is low, but it is heated as it moves and the reactivation air inlet temperature is increased. A temperature distribution is formed in the direction of rotation of a desiccant rotor in a reactivation section. Essentially, the method and apparatus of this disclosure relates to a dehumidifier having two or more reactivation sectors with a progressively higher air temperature in successive sectors. Another realization shows multiple individual 100% purification sectors paired with corresponding reactivation sectors.
[015] Again, the disclosure of this document does not provide any solution to achieve and achieve operational control flexibility in a dynamic manner in dehumidification systems based on solid desiccants.
[016] U.S. Patent No. US 6,751,964 discloses a refrigeration air conditioning system - dry desiccant. The apparatus includes a mechanism for varying the rotational speed of the desiccant rotor to control the amount of moisture removed from the supply air stream or heat transferred to the supply air stream. The scope of this document's disclosure is apparently to allow the desiccant wheel to be used as a dehumidifier in summer and an enthalpy recovery wheel in winter. The purpose and meaning of this document is an attempt at flexibility, but with a different scenario from that required for operational control of a solid desiccant based dehumidifier to minimize heat energy consumption.
[017] International patent application published under No. WO 2004/055443 A1 discloses a cooling and dehumidification system including at least one evaporator, at least one variable speed refrigeration compressor, and at least one condenser and a wheel simple desiccant. At least a portion of the cooled air passes through a portion of the desiccant wheel and at least a portion of the condensed air passes through the other portion of the dehumidifier. The compressor speed is controlled by at least one condition of the supply air stream, the reactivation air stream and/or the refrigeration system. The variable volume of condenser airflow (thus the reactivation airflow) is claimed for the purpose of maintaining a constant reactivation temperature based on the amount of heat available from the refrigeration system. The variable speed of the desiccant rotor is not mentioned.
[018] As is evident, while several attempts have been made to provide improvements with regard to heat energy consumption during use, none of these methods have been successful in providing the desired operational control flexibility for dehumidification systems with based on solid desiccants. In fact, apparently, attempts in the art to minimize heat energy consumption during operation of a dehumidifier based on solid desiccants have been focused on specific situations rather than trying a holistic and therefore flexible control system and method. Objectives of the invention
[019] It is an important objective of the present invention to provide a method and a system for the control of solid desiccant dehumidifiers that ensure maximum flexibility when operating.
[020] It is another objective of the invention to provide a method for the control of solid desiccant dehumidifiers that has an application independent of the number of sectors in the rotor, and which actually is capable of adaptation depending on the number of sectors.
[021] It is a further object of the invention to provide a dehumidification system based on solid desiccants that has a significantly high level of flexibility when operating control, in which the parameters requiring control are capable of being chosen by the user.
[022] It is a further objective of the invention to provide a dynamic control method for the control of solid desiccant dehumidifiers that continuously identifies/reads and monitors temperatures at varying locations on the rotating wheel and allows for inferring the dehumidification occurring at any given location on the wheel .
[023] It is a further objective of the invention to provide an apparatus and a method that requires minimal cost and that is still flexible when operating from there, therefore providing better data generation to monitor reactivation in a desiccant wheel. Invention Summary
[024] According to the objectives of the invention, in one embodiment, the invention provides an apparatus for controlling a solid rotary desiccant dehumidifier that uses a desiccant wheel and is provided with a processing sector and a reactivation sector. Essentially, the apparatus consists of a central control unit; one or more sensors operationally provided associated with the central control unit, and for the purpose of interalia, to measure one or more of the air temperatures entering the processing sector, the air temperature entering the reactivation sector, the average gross temperature of the air leaving the processing sector, the average gross temperature leaving the reactivation sector, the air temperature leaving the wheel processing sector just before turning to the next sequential sector, the air temperature leaving the wheel reactivation sector immediately before rotating to the next sequential sector. Output signals are generated at the central control unit after the data generated by the sensors is processed using a predetermined algorithm, and the output signals are routed to one or any combination of apparatus components including the air movement means of processing, reactivation air moving means, reactivation air heating means, process air pre-cooling means (if used), and desiccant wheel rotating means.
[025] In another embodiment of the invention, the central control unit is a PLC unit.
[026] In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus can be provided with a sensor located close to the processing sector to measure the humidity of the air entering the processing sector and provide data generated there to the central control unit.
[027] In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus can include a sensor to provide data to the central control unit by measuring the average gross humidity of the air leaving the processing sector.
[028] In another embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary passage duct is included around the processing sector, means are provided to control the air flow through the auxiliary passage duct, and means are provided to control the flow of air. air through the processing sector of the wheel, in both cases depending on the output signals from the central control unit.
[029] In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus also includes a sensor to provide data to the central control unit by measuring the moisture of the process air after the process air and the auxiliary pass air are mixed.
[030] In another embodiment of the invention, the dehumidifier is provided with a purification sector located sequentially between the reactivation sector and the processing sector and the means to pass an air stream through the purification sector and directing it to become at least a portion of the air entering the reactivation sector of the wheel.
[031] In a further embodiment of the invention, one or more sensors are provided close to the surface of the purification sector to detect the average gross temperature of the air leaving the purification sector and provide generated data to the central control unit.
[032] In a further realization of the invention, one or more sensors are provided near the surface of the purification sector to detect the temperature of the air leaving the purification sector immediately before it rotates in the next sequential sector and provide the data generated in the unit of central control.
[033] In another embodiment of the invention, means are provided to control the flow of air through the purification sector and are operationally controlled by an output signal from the central control unit.
[034] In another embodiment of the invention, a first sector is sequentially arranged between the processing sector and the reactivation sector, a second sector is sequentially arranged between the reactivation sector and the processing sector and means are provided to recirculate a airflow through the two sectors.
[035] In a further embodiment of the invention, at least one sensor is provided to detect the temperature of the recirculating air stream on at least one side of the wheel and provide data generated therein to the central control unit.
[036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the means for recirculating an air stream through the two sectors is operatively associated with the central control unit via an output signal generated based on the data identified/read by the sensor measuring the temperature of the recirculating air stream.
[037] The present invention also provides an improved method for controlling a solid rotary desiccant dehumidifier that uses a desiccant wheel having at least one processing sector and a reactivation sector. The method comprises providing a central control unit and one or more sensors located at determined positions close to the surface of the rotating wheel of the solid desiccant dehumidifier. The sensors are calibrated to detect and measure one or more of the following parameters: the air temperatures entering the processing sector, the air temperature entering the reactivation sector, the average raw air temperature leaving the processing sector, the raw temperature average leaving wake sector, air temperature leaving wheel processing sector just before turning to next sequential sector, air temperature leaving wheel wake sector just before turning to next sequential sector. The generated data points are provided by the sensors to the central control unit, which processes the data based on a predetermined algorithm. The central control unit then generates individual output signals to control any combination of the components of the apparatus including the air processing moving means, the reactivation air moving means, the reactivation air heating means, the reactivation air moving means. processing air pre-cooling (if used), and the means of rotating the desiccant wheel.
[038] In one embodiment, the method includes providing a sensor to measure the moisture of the air entering the processing sector and providing data to the central control unit.
[039] In another embodiment, the method includes providing a sensor to measure the average gross humidity of the air leaving the processing sector and providing data to the central control unit.
[040] In yet another embodiment, an auxiliary passage duct is included around the processing sector, means are provided to control the air flow through the auxiliary passage duct, and means are provided to control the air flow through of the wheel processing sector. The two respective control means are responsive to respective output signals from the central control unit, hence controlling the air flow through the auxiliary passage duct and the processing sector.
[041] In another embodiment, a sensor is provided for the purpose of measuring the moisture of the process air after the process air and the auxiliary pass air have been mixed, and the generated data is then sent to the control unit central for processing and generating the appropriate output signals.
[042] In another embodiment, a purification sector is provided sequentially between the reactivation sector and the processing sector and means are provided for passing a stream of air through the purification sector and directing it to become at least one portion of the air entering the reactivation sector of the wheel. A sensor is provided to detect the average raw air temperature leaving the purification sector and provide the same to the central control unit.
[043] In a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the air leaving the wheel purification sector is detected using one or more sensors immediately before the wheel turns in the next sequential sector, and this data is transmitted to the central control unit.
[044] In a further embodiment of the invention, the air flow through the purification sector is controlled through an output signal generated by the central control unit sent via an air flow control means.
[045] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the air flow is recirculated between a first sector sequentially arranged between the processing sector and the reactivation sector and a second sector sequentially arranged between the reactivation sector and the processing sector, through of means for the recirculation provided to recirculate a stream of air through the two sectors.
[046] In a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the recirculating air stream on at least one side of the wheel is detected through at least one sensor and the generated data are sent to the central control unit for processing.
[047] In another embodiment of the invention, the recirculation of the air stream is controlled by means of an output signal from the central control unit.
[048] The improved method and apparatus of the invention consist of a continuous measurement of the temperature of the air entering and leaving the processing and reactivation sectors. The average raw temperature of the processing and reactivation air streams leaving the wheel is measured. Additionally, the local/ambient air temperature is measured in the processing and/or reactivation plenums (sectors) immediately before the wheel rotates to the next sector. This local/ambient temperature can be measured at just one point or it can be measured at two or more points a few degrees apart angularly on the air outlet face of the wheel just before it turns to the next sector.
[049] The temperature of the air leaving the wheel at any angular position is an indirect measure of the amount of moisture adsorption or desorption occurring at that point in the wheel's rotation. This temperature information is used as a portion of the input data to a controller which includes one or more control algorithms to improve dehumidifier performance. The control algorithm can be designed to improve dehumidifier performance in one or more ways including maximum dehumidification performance, minimum refrigerant usage in the air processing system, and/or minimum reactivation heating energy. Additional input data to the controller may include temperature and/or humidity measurements in the dehumidified or processed space and outside air temperature and/or humidity.
[050] It is significantly easier, less expensive and more reliable to measure air temperature than air humidity. Simpler and cheaper temperature measurement devices such as thermocouples and thermistors can be used. One of the unique features of the present invention is the measurement of air temperatures entering and leaving the desiccant wheel to infer the dehumidification or reactivation that is taking place at any given angular position on the wheel during its rotation. Brief Description of Drawings
[051] The following here below comprises a non-limiting description of the attached drawings, in which:
[052] Figure 1 is a schematic graph of a basic solid desiccant dehumidifier. The arrangement and operating characteristics of this type of dehumidifier are well known in the art;
[053] Figure 1A shows the angular position of a given point on wheel 1 as a function of time as it passes through processing sector 2 and reactivation sector 3. The time periods shown in reactivation sector 3 are shorter than those shown in Process sector 2, in direct proportion to the relative sizes of Process sector 2 and Reactivation sector 3;
[054] Figure 2 schematically shows the air processing discharge moisture ratio 5 vs. the time spent in the processing sector 2 of any given angular location within the wheel 1 along the same route through the processing sector 2. The effect of the adsorption wave on the moisture of the discharge air 5 can be seen;
[055] Figure 3 schematically shows the relation of air processing discharge temperature 5 vs. time spent in processing sector 2 of any given angular location within wheel 1 along the same route through processing sector 2. The effect of the adsorption wave on the temperature of the discharge air 5 can be seen;
[056] Figure 4 schematically shows the relation of reactivation air discharge temperature 5 vs. time spent in reactivation sector 3 of any given angular location within wheel 1 along the same route through reactivation sector 3. The effect of the desorption wave on the temperature of the discharge air 8 can be seen;
[057] Figure 5 schematically shows the relation of reactivation air discharge moisture 5 vs. time spent in reactivation sector 3 of any given angular location within wheel 1 along the same route through reactivation sector 3. The effect of the desorption wave on the moisture of the discharge air 8 can be seen;
[058] Figure 6 schematically shows the effect of rotor 1 speed and air mass flow on discharge air moisture 5 at various angular positions as wheel 1 rotates through processing sector 2;
[059] Figure 7 schematically shows the effect of rotor speed 1 and air mass flow on the discharge reactivation air temperature 8 at various angular positions as wheel 1 rotates through reactivation sector 3;
[060] Figure 8 schematically shows the effect of a partial purification sector 13 arranged sequentially between the processing sector 2 and the reactivation sector 3 on the processing air discharge humidity 5 at various angular positions as the wheel 1 route through processing sector 2;
[061] Figure 9 schematically shows the effect of partial purification sector 13 on the discharge temperature of process air 5 at various angular positions as wheel 1 rotates through process sector 2;
[062] Figure 10 schematically shows the effect of partial purification sector 13 on the discharge temperature of reactivation air 8 at various angular positions as wheel 1 rotates through reactivation sector 3;
[063] Figure 11 schematically shows the effect of a closed-loop purification arrangement 18, 18a on the moisture of the output processing air 5 at various angular positions as wheel 1 rotates through processing sector 2;
[064] Figure 12 schematically shows a reactivation control arrangement according to the present disclosure, with the temperature identification/reading points indicated and with the controlled components indicated;
[065] Figure 13 schematically shows a reactivation control arrangement according to the present disclosure for a dehumidifier having a partial purification sector 13, with the temperature identification/reading points indicated and with the controlled components indicated;
[066] Figure 14 schematically shows a reactivation control arrangement in accordance with the present disclosure for a dehumidifier having a closed loop purification arrangement 18, 18a, with the indicated temperature readout/identification points and with the components controlled indicated;
[067] Figure 15 schematically shows a processing control arrangement according to the present disclosure, with the identification/temperature reading points indicated and with the controlled components indicated. Detailed Description of Preferred Achievement
[068] The method and system of the present invention will now be explained with reference to a detailed description of the accompanying drawings;
[069] Figure 1 is a schematic graph showing the basic elements of a dry (or solid) desiccant dehumidifier. It consists of a rotor 1 (wheel) containing a medium that contains a large number of small passages that are parallel with the axis of rotation of wheel 1. The medium in wheel 1 consists of a carrier matrix containing a desiccant material such as gel. of silica or a salt halide that has a great affinity for water. The desiccant material is impregnated in the medium in such a way that air passing through the passages is exposed to the desiccant. In the current state of development, the medium is typically about 80% by weight an active desiccant. Wheel 1 is contained in a housing that defines two sets of plenums (or sectors) for two different airflows. The plenums (sectors) include air seals close to the face of wheel 1 such that two air streams are isolated from each other and any cross/transverse leakage between the air streams is minimal. During operation, the air stream to be dehumidified is passed through a sector of the wheel (commonly called processing sector 2). The desiccant adsorbs or absorbs water vapor from the air in such a way that the processing air 4 leaving the wheel 1 is drier than the air entering it. After a while the desiccant has accumulated so much water vapor that its ability to draw water from the air is reduced and water must be expelled from the desiccant to restore its dehumidification ability. This is achieved in a reactivation sector 3 (or regeneration). In this sector, a second air stream is passed through wheel 1. This air stream is heated before entering wheel 1 using an external heat source 6 such as electric resistance heating, natural gas and/or heating coil using steam, hot water or something similar. After heating, the relative humidity of the air entering reactivation sector 3 is lower than the relative humidity of the air leaving processing sector 2, so the desiccant releases a portion of its water contained in the reactivation air stream 8, which is typically exhausted in the outside environment. Desiccant wheel 1 is continuously rotated between the processing sector and the reactivation sector in such a way that the dehumidification process is somewhat continuous and the moisture in the air leaving process sector 2 is stable.
[070] When a desiccant removes water vapor from the air, the water vapor is essentially condensed on or on the surface of the desiccant. When water vapor condenses, it generates heat due to the phase change of the water. The heat generated is a function of the temperature at which condensation occurs, but at typically operated temperatures it is somewhere around 1,000 BTU/lb. Condensed water. When water vapor condenses in or on a desiccant, additional heat is generated, a factor commonly referred to as sorption heat. Sorption heat ranges from just a few BTU/lb. of water with a high relative humidity to above 1,000 BTU/lb of water with a low relative humidity. For typical operating conditions the heat of sorption is about 100 BTU/lb., such that the overall typical value of heat of condensation plus heat of sorption is about 1,100 BTU/lb. of water. The desiccant medium is typically 80% by weight active desiccant and the desiccant will have an sorption capacity of about 30% by weight of water vapor. The heat capacity of the medium is typically about 0.5 BTU/lb/degree F, and the total heat of water vapor sorption in the desiccant is typically 150-300 BTU/lb. on average, then it can be seen that the heat capacity of the medium is lower as compared to the heat of water vapor sorption from air. There is nowhere for heat to go except in the process air stream. The mechanism is: the adsorbed water rapidly heats the medium to a higher temperature than the air passing through it and the warmer/warm medium in turn heats the air. Because of the geometry of a typical medium today, the heat transfer rated between the medium and the air is somewhat high, so the temperature of the medium in wheel 1 at any point is within a few degrees of the air temperature at that point. .
[071] It can be readily seen that the inverse of the process described above can be applied to the reactivation sector 3 of the dehumidifier.
[072] Typically, heat and mass transfer does not occur through the entire depth of the medium in the direction of air flow; the transfer takes place in a “zone” or a “wave” that passes through the medium (in the direction of the air flow) from the moment it enters a sector until the moment it leaves that sector. The behavior of the adsorption and desorption waves can be graphically represented through the identification of specific positions or by the times in the rotation of wheel 1 and by the indication of instantaneous performance in these positions;
[073] Figure 1A shows the time/position points that will be used throughout this document to describe the behavior/performance of wheel 1 along the same route through sectors. It should be noted that:
[074] The time intervals shown in Process sector 2 are not the same as the time intervals shown in Reactivation sector 3. For the purposes of illustration, five time intervals have been selected in both Process sector 2 and the reactivation sector 33. This means that the increment of time in each of the sectors is inversely proportional to the sector size ratio - for example, if a configuration is sectioned with 90 degrees of reactivation 3 and 270 degrees of processing 2, the intervals of reactivation time 3 will be 1/3 as long as processing time intervals 2.
[075] Adsorption/desorption wave performance is for illustrative purposes.
[076] True waveforms will vary based on desiccant type, flute geometry, air mass flow rates, rotor speed, input air processing and reactivation conditions, and other variables.
[077] Figure 2 to Figure 11 schematically show the processing 4 and reactivation 7 air streams passing through the wheel 1 in the same direction, for the sake of simplicity. In actual practice, the processing 4 and reactivation 7 currents will usually only pass through wheel 1 in opposite directions.
[078] Figure 2 illustrates how the adsorption wave passes through the processing sector 2 of wheel 1 as a function of time. It can be seen that as the adsorption wave approaches the discharge face of wheel 1 processing (penetration or rupture) the discharge moisture VS. the angular position of wheel 1 increases dramatically;
[079] Figure 3 illustrates how the temperature wave passes through processing sector 2 of wheel 1 as a function of time. It can be seen that the temperature rise of the process air 5 tracks the moisture depression of the process air 5 at any angular position of the wheel 1 in an appropriate manner since the reactivation heat transport is removed in the first degrees of rotation in the processing sector 2. This means that the temperature of the outflow process air 5 towards the end of the process sector 2 can be measured and can be compared to the inlet process air 4 temperature and the average process air temperature output infers from wheel 1's moisture removal performance at that location.
[080] Figures 4 and 5 are similar to Figures 2 and 3, but illustrate how the desorption wave and the corresponding temperature wave pass through the reactivation sector 3 of wheel 1. It can be seen that the reduction in air temperature reactivation air 8 tracks moisture buildup from reactivation air 7 at any given position of wheel 1 very well, once initial heating of the middle of wheel 1 has been achieved in the first few degrees of rotation of wheel 1.
[081] Figure 6 illustrates the general effects of the speed of wheel 1 and the mass flow of the processing side 2 on the performance of the processing side w of a typical dehumidifier. It can be seen that both the processing airflow 4 and the rotor speed have a significant influence on the performance of the unit. As previously described, the dehumidification performance of the process side 2 can be inferred from the average process air discharge temperature 5 and the local process air discharge temperature 5 in the last degrees of the rotating wheel 1. A number of variables can be tuned to improve dehumidifier performance depending on control strategy objectives.
[082] Figure 7 illustrates the general effects of wheel 1 speed and reactivation side 3 mass flow on the reactivation 3 side performance of a typical dehumidifier. The graph shows the reactivation air discharge temperature 8 vs. the rotor position 1. Due to the difficulty and cost of measuring the air humidity leaving the reactivation air sector 8, the ability to infer the reactivation air discharge humidity 8 at any position based on the reactivation air temperature 7 entering and the discharge temperature of the air leaving wheel 1 at any angular position is essential information in any attempt to improve the performance of a dry desiccant dehumidifier.
[083] Figures 8 & 9 illustrate the effect of a partial purification sector 13 on the performance of a dry desiccant dehumidifier. The graph shows that for a given air inlet condition, partial purification 13 generally improves dehumidification performance, but the same general relationship between process air moisture depression 4 and process air temperature rise 4 still exist. There is an opportunity to improve dehumidifier performance and/or reduce energy consumption by monitoring the processing air discharge temperature 5 in one direction to the end of the discharge processing sector 2 and comparing it to the processing temperature of inlet air 4.
[084] Figure 10 illustrates the effect of a partial purification 13 on the discharge temperature of the reactivation air 8. The discharge temperature is raised slightly because of the energy savings of the purification sector 13, but the characteristic of the rise of air discharge temperature 8 as wheel 1 rotates out of reactivation sector 3 remains. This indicates the possibility of improving dehumidifier performance to achieve one or more of several performance goals, including enhanced dehumidification performance, reduced reactivation power consumption, enhanced part load performance, and so on.
[085] Figure 11 illustrates the effect of a closed-loop purification 18, 18a on the process air outlet temperature 5. The average process air temperature 5 is somewhat reduced and the dehumidifier's moisture removal capability is somewhat increased, but the characteristic of the output process air temperature drop in one direction to the dehumidification cycle indicates that the dehumidification wave is passing through the output air face of the process sector 2. If the temperature average discharge of processing air 5 and the temperature of processing air 4 passing through the wheel just before it turns in the next sector is measured and compared, this information can be used to improve dehumidifier performance to achieve one or more goals , including enhanced dehumidification performance, reduced reactivation power consumption, enhanced part-load performance, and so on.
[086] Figure 12 illustrates a basic dehumidifier using the control method and apparatus of the present invention. The control method and apparatus include a central controller 12, typically a Programmable Logic Controller = PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a Building Automation System = BAS (Standalone Building System) or something similar. The purpose of this particular control arrangement is to improve the performance of the reactivation process. The reactivation process can be improved to achieve one or more of the goals, including minimum reactivation heat usage 6, maximum process air dehumidification 4, and minimum heat rejection to the process air stream;
[087] Detected variables include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[088] Reactivation air temperature entering wheel 1
[089] Average reactivation air discharge temperature 8
[090] Reactivation air discharge temperature 8 at one or more angular points before wheel 1 rotates from reactivation sector 3 to processing sector 2
[091] Inlet temperature of air processing 4
[092] Average discharge temperature of air processing 5.
[093] Controlled variables may include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[094] Rotational speed of wheel 1
[095] Fan/fan reactivation speed 11 (reactivation airflow)
[096] Heat input 6 for reactivation air 7
[097] Figure 13 illustrates a dehumidifier similar to the dehumidifier described in Figure 12, except that a purification sector 13 is added to improve dehumidification performance, to reduce the heat reactivation requirement 6 and to reduce heat transport followed by of reactivation from reactivation sector 3 to processing sector 2. The control method and apparatus 12 are similar to those in Figure 12, but the following are added as possibly detected variables and controlled variables:
[098] Variables detected:
[099] Average temperature of discharge air 14 of purification sector 13
[0100] Controlled variables:
[0101] Purification sector 13 airflow control, typically a damper/compensator
[0102] Figure 14 illustrates a dehumidifier similar to the dehumidifier described in Figure 12, except that a closed loop purification system 18, 18a has been added. The closed-link purifier system 18, 18a consists of two purification sectors, 18, 18a situated between the processing sector 2 and the reactivation sector 3 with an independent fan/fan 15 to recirculate an air stream through the two sectors. of purification 18, 18a. Purification link 18, 18a is added to improve dehumidification performance, to reduce reactivation heat requirement 6 and/or to reduce transport followed by reactivation heat from reactivation sector 3 to processing sector 2 It should be noted that the airflow in the closed loop 18, 18a should be in either direction relative to the processing 4 and reactivation 7 airflows depending on the specific system performance required. The control method and apparatus 12 are similar to that of Figure 12, but the following are added as possibly detected and controlled variables;
[0103] detected variables include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[0104] Purification link temperature 16 on processing input side 4 on wheel 1
[0105] Purification link temperature 17 on reactivation input side 7 of wheel 1
[0106] Controlled variables may include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[0107] Purification link fan/fan 15
[0108] Figure 15 illustrates a dehumidification and control system and method similar to that shown in Figure 12 except that the same identification/reading and control principles are applied to processing sector 2 instead of reactivation sector 3 ;
[0109] detected variables include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[0110] Inlet air processing temperature 4
[0111] Average process air discharge temperature 5
[0112] Processing air discharge temperature 5 at one or more angular positions immediately before wheel 1 rotates in reactivation sector 3
[0113] Controlled variables may include one or more of the following here below in any combination:
[0114] Rotational speed of wheel 1
[0115] Fan/reactivation fan speed
[0116] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the principles described in Figures 13 & 14 for identifying/reading and controlling the reactivation portion 3 of the dehumidifier can also be applied to the processing portions 2 of the dehumidifier;
[0117] the central control unit that is preferred is a programmable logic controller (PLC). This device provides the advantage of being the most cost-effective method whereby a unit with multiple detected variables can be controlled and multiple control output signals generated as they are generally required for a dehumidifier . A PLC also allows the use of a single control program that includes all of the control options for the various embodiments of the present invention and the ability to allow or disallow the options required for a particular application;
[0118] the central control unit may also comprise an autonomous building system (BAS). In this case, the dehumidifier control functions are included in a larger computer control system aimed at an entire building or processing. In another embodiment, the central control unit comprises multiple single-link controllers provided with the capability of multiple inputs for detected variables and for a proportional-integral-derivative control output. In another embodiment, the central control unit comprises a dedicated single-board computer that is specifically designed to provide the sensed inputs and control outputs required for the present invention.
[0119] The temperature sensors used in the present invention comprise thermistors, thermocouples and platinum-resistant temperature detectors.
[0120] Depending on the variable to be measured/detected, and the level of accuracy that is required in a particular dehumidification application, a combination of any of these sensor types can also be used.
[0121] Humidity sensors that are commonly used comprise a type of cooled mirror, which measures the dew point of moisture in the air by passing it over a refrigerated mirror and measuring the temperature at which condensation (dew) begins to be formed on the mirror. While these instruments are highly accurate and respond quickly to changing air humidity, they are also very expensive and high maintenance. In moisture measurement, if the variable being measured is the air moisture ratio (in grams of water/kg of dry air, for example), a calculation is performed to convert the dew point moisture to a moisture ratio. These calculations can be performed inside the instrument. This requires the instrument to include a temperature sensor and electronics to perform the calculations. When a PLC is used as a central control unit, calculations can be performed by the PLC.
[0122] The humidity sensor can also comprise a thin-film capacitance type, which measures the relative humidity of the air. These sensors are substantially less expensive than the chilled mirror type and require less maintenance, but they do not respond as quickly to changes in air humidity and are not as accurate and accurate. If the objective is to measure the air humidity ratio, a calculation is performed to convert the relative air humidity into a humidity ratio. These calculations can be performed inside the instrument, which requires a temperature sensor and electronics to perform the calculations. If a PLC is used, calculations can be performed by the PLC.
[0123] The hygroscopic fiber type sensor can also be used. These sensors use natural fibers such as horsehair or synthetic fibers that change in length as the relative humidity changes and they absorb or adsorb moisture. The change in length is measured and is used to mechanically change the position of a device such as a pointer/hand on a dial/dial/dial dial. This type of hygrometer is the least expensive, but it is also the least accurate and responds comparatively slowly to changes in air humidity. This type of sensor is rarely used to control desiccant dehumidifiers.
[0124] It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that any combination of identification/reading and control of processing 2 and reactivation 3 can be used to enhance the performance of a dry desiccant dehumidifier for any specific application.

权利要求:
Claims (26)
[0001]
1. Apparatus for the control of a rotary solid desiccant dehumidifier having a desiccant wheel (1), and provided with a processing sector (2) and a reactivation sector (3), the apparatus consisting essentially of a central control unit ( 12); one or more sensors located close to the processing sector (2) and the reactivation sector (3), and operationally associated with the central control unit (12), with the purpose of, inter alia, measuring one or more of the temperature of air (4) entering the processing sector (2), the air temperature (7) entering the reactivation sector (3), the average gross air temperature (5) leaving the processing sector (2), the temperature average gross air (8) leaving the reactivation sector (3), the air temperature (5) leaving the processing sector (2) of the wheel (1) just before it rotates to the next sequential sector, the temperature of the air (8) leaving the reactivation sector (3) of the wheel (1) just before it rotates to the next sequential sector, the air temperatures just before the wheel (1) rotates the next processing sector (2) and/ or reactivation (3), the temperatures on both sides of a purge recirculation cycle, the central control unit (12) being provided with a processing unit for processing received data and generating output signals using a predetermined algorithm, characterized in that the control unit (12) is operatively connected with one or more of the dehumidifier components to transmit output signals from the same and control its functionality including the air process mobile means (10), the air reactivation mobile means (11), the air reactivation heating means (6), the air process pre-cooling means (13 ) (if used), and the rotating means (9) of the desiccant wheel (1).
[0002]
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the central control unit (12) is a PLC unit, a building automation system unit, or a set of multiple single-cycle controllers provided with input capability multiples for tagged variables and Proportional - Integral - Derivative control output, or a dedicated single board computer that is specifically designed to provide the tagged inputs and control outputs.
[0003]
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus is provided with a sensor located close to the processing sector (2) to measure the humidity of the air entering the processing sector (2) and provide data thus generated to the central control unit (12).
[0004]
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus includes a sensor to provide data to the central control unit (12) by measuring the average gross humidity of the air leaving the processing sector (2).
[0005]
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a bypass duct is provided around the processing sector (2), means are provided to control the flow of air through the bypass duct, and means are provided to control the air flow through the processing sector (2) of the wheel (1), in both cases as a function of the output signals from the central control unit (12).
[0006]
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus is provided with a sensor to provide data to the central control unit (12) by measuring the moisture of the process air after the process air and the bypass air has been mixed.
[0007]
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehumidifier is provided with a purge sector located sequentially between the reactivation sector (3) and the processing sector (2) and with means to pass an air stream through the purge sector and thus directing to become at least a portion of the air entering the reactivation sector (3) of the wheel (1).
[0008]
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that one or more sensors are provided near the surface of the purge sector to identify the average gross temperature of the air leaving the purge sector and provide the generated data to the control unit central (12).
[0009]
9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that one or more sensors are provided close to the purge sector to identify the air temperature leaving the purge sector just before it rotates to the next sequential sensor and provide the data generated for the central control unit (12).
[0010]
10. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that means are provided to control the flow of air through the purge sector and are operationally controlled by means of an output signal from the central control unit (12).
[0011]
11. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a first sector is arranged sequentially between the processing sector and the reactivation sector, a second sector is sequentially arranged between the reactivation sector (3) and the processing sector (2) and means are provided for recirculating a stream of air through the two sectors.
[0012]
12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one sensor is provided to identify the temperature of the re-circulating air stream on at least one side of the wheel (1) and provide data generated therein to the unit. central control (12).
[0013]
13. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that, means for recirculating an air stream through the two sectors is operatively associated with, the central control unit (12) via an output signal generated based on the data identified through the sensor measuring the temperature of the recirculating air stream.
[0014]
14. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said one or more sensors are thermistors, thermocouples, temperature detection sensors with platinum resistance, or any combination thereof.
[0015]
15. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the humidity sensor is a type of cooled mirror, a type of thin-film capacitance or a humidity sensor of the hygroscopic filter type.
[0016]
16. Method for controlling a rotary solid desiccant dehumidifier having a desiccant wheel (1) and provided with at least one processing sector (2) and a reactivation sector (3), the method characterized in that it comprises the steps of : (a) identify and measure any one or more of the following parameters: the air temperature entering the processing sector (2), the air temperature entering the reactivation sector (3), the average gross air temperature leaving the sector of processing (2), the average gross air temperature leaving the reactivation sector (3), the air temperature leaving the processing sector (2) of the wheel (1) just before it rotates in the next sequential sector, and the air temperature leaving the reactivation sector (3) of the wheel (1) just before it rotates in the next sequential sector through one or more sensors provided at determined positions close to the surface of the desiccant wheel (1), air temperatures just before gives wheel (1) rotate out of processing sector (2) and/or reactivation sector (3), temperatures on both sides of a purge recirculation cycle; (b) sending the data generated via said one or more sensors to a central control unit (12); (c) processing said received data at said central control unit (12) in accordance with a predetermined algorithm; (d) generating and sending output signals to one or more apparatus components including mobile air process means (10), mobile air reactivation means (11), air reactivation heating means (6), the air process pre-cooling means (13), and the rotation means (9) of the desiccant wheel (1).
[0017]
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the humidity of the air entering the processing sector (2) is measured and is sent to the central control unit (12).
[0018]
18. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the average gross humidity of the air leaving the processing sector (2) is identified and is sent to the central control unit (12).
[0019]
19. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the bypass duct is provided around the processing sector (2), and the air flow through the bypass duct or processing sector (2) are controlled via respective control means which are responsive to respective output signals from the central control unit (12).
[0020]
20. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the moisture of the process air is identified and is measured after the process air and bypass air have been mixed and the generated data is then sent to the control unit (12) for processing and generating the appropriate output data.
[0021]
21. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that it additionally comprises passing an air stream through a purge sector provided sequentially between the reactivation sector (3) and the processing sector (2) and directing it to make at least a portion of the air entering the reactivation sector (3) of the wheel (1) and identify the average gross air temperature leaving the purge sector.
[0022]
22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the temperature of the air leaving the purge sector of the wheel (1) is identified using one or more sensors just before the wheel (1) rotates in the next sequential sector, and these data is transmitted to the central control unit (12).
[0023]
23. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the air flow through the purge sector is controlled by means of an output signal generated through the central control unit (12) sent to a control means of air flow.
[0024]
24. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that an air flow is recirculated between a first sector arranged sequentially between the processing sector (2) and the reactivation sector (3) and a second sector arranged sequentially between the the reactivation sector (3) and the processing sector (2), through the means for recirculation provided to recirculate a stream of air through two sectors.
[0025]
25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the temperature of the re-circulating air stream on at least one side of the wheel (1) is identified through at least one sensor and the generated data are sent to the unit central control (12) for processing.
[0026]
26. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that the recirculation of the air stream is controlled by means of an output signal from the central control unit (12).

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法律状态:
2019-07-16| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

2020-02-11| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2021-03-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2021-05-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/09/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

IN2629DE2011|2011-09-12|

IN2629/DEL/2011|2011-09-12|

PCT/IN2012/000609|WO2013038428A1|2011-09-12|2012-09-12|Apparatus and method for control of solid desiccant dehumidifiers|

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