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  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    DEVICE. An apparatus comprising a heater configured to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material, wherein the heater is elongated and comprises a plurality of independently controllable heating regions arranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis of the heater.
    公开号:BR112013032558B1
    申请号:R112013032558-5
    申请日:2012-08-24
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Petr Egoyants；Dmitry Volobuev；Pavel Fimin；Oleg Abramov；Leonid Chechurin；Luba Mitnik-Gankin
    申请人:British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The invention relates to heating smokable material. Background of the Invention
    [0002] [0002] Smoking articles, such as cigarettes and cigars, burn tobacco during use to create tobacco smoke. Attempts have been made to provide alternatives to these smoking articles, creating products that release compounds without creating tobacco smoke. Examples of such products are the so-called warm-without-burn products that release compounds by heating tobacco, but without burning it. Summary of the Invention
    [0003] [0003] According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a heater configured to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material, wherein the heater is elongated and comprises a plurality of independently controllable heating regions arranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis of the heater.
    [0004] [0004] A length of each heating region can be less than the length of the heater.
    [0005] [0005] Each heating region can comprise a heating element that has a longitudinal length that is less than the length of the heater.
    [0006] [0006] The heating regions can be arranged in an end-to-end relationship along the longitudinal axis of the heater.
    [0007] [0007] The heater may comprise a longitudinal surface that extends over the plurality of heating regions.
    [0008] [0008] The heater can be configured to heat the smokable material located around an outside of the longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0009] [0009] Each heating region can comprise a disc-shaped heater section.
    [0010] [0010] The heater can be arranged along a longitudinal axis of the appliance and smokable material can be located coaxially out of a longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0011] [0011] The smokable material may comprise a substantially tubular body of smokable material.
    [0012] [0012] The heater can be configured to heat the smokable material located inside a longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0013] [0013] Each heating region can comprise a ring-shaped heater section.
    [0014] [0014] The heater can be arranged along a longitudinal axis of the device and the smoking material can be located coaxially into a longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0015] [0015] The heater may comprise an embossed outer surface configured to heat smokable material.
    [0016] [0016] The heater may be in substantially cylindrical form.
    [0017] [0017] Each heating region can comprise a substantially cylindrical heater section.
    [0018] [0018] The heater can be configured to heat the smokable material to a temperature in the range of approximately 100 ° C to 250 ° C, as well as the temperature in the range of approximately 150 ° C to approximately 250 ° C.
    [0019] [0019] Each heating region can be arranged to heat a different section of the smokable material.
    [0020] [0020] The device may comprise a controller configured to activate the heating regions sequentially over a period of time.
    [0021] [0021] The controller can be configured to activate each heating region in response to a drag.
    [0022] [0022] The heater can be a substantially ceramic heater that reacts to electrical energy to emit thermal energy.
    [0023] [0023] The device can be configured to heat the smokable material, without combustion of the smokable material.
    [0024] [0024] According to the invention, a heater configured to heat smokable material is provided to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material, wherein the heater comprises a plurality of independently controllable heating regions arranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis of the heater.
    [0025] [0025] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided configured to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material, comprising an infrared heater.
    [0026] [0026] The infrared heater may comprise an infrared halogen heater.
    [0027] [0027] For purposes of example only, embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying figures in which: Brief Description of the Figures
    [0028] [0028] Figure 1 is a perspective view in partial section of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material to release aromatic compounds and / or nicotine from the smokable material;
    [0029] [0029] Figure 2 is a perspective view in partial section of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which the smokable material is arranged around an elongated ceramic heater divided into radial heating sections;
    [0030] [0030] Figure 3 is an exploded illustration in partial section of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which the smokable material is arranged around an elongated ceramic heater divided into radial heating sections;
    [0031] [0031] Figure 4 is a perspective view in partial section of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which the smokable material is arranged around an elongated infrared heater;
    [0032] [0032] Figure 5 is an exploded illustration in partial section of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which the smokable material is arranged around an elongated infrared heater;
    [0033] [0033] Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of part of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which the smokable material is arranged around a plurality of elongated longitudinal heating sections spaced around a central longitudinal axis;
    [0034] [0034] Figure 7 is a perspective illustration of a part of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which regions of smokable material are arranged between pairs of upright heating plates;
    [0035] [0035] Figure 8 is a perspective illustration of the apparatus shown in Figure 7, in which an external housing is further illustrated;
    [0036] [0036] Figure 9 is an exploded view of part of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material, in which regions of smokable material are arranged between pairs of upright heating plates;
    [0037] [0037] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing a method of activating heating regions and opening and closing the heating chamber valves during the drag;
    [0038] [0038] Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a gas flow through an apparatus configured to heat smokable material;
    [0039] [0039] Figure 12 is a graphic illustration of a heating pattern that can be used to heat smokable material using a heater;
    [0040] [0040] Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of a smokable material compressor configured to compress smokable material during heating;
    [0041] [0041] Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of a smokable material expander configured to expand smokable material during the puff;
    [0042] [0042] Figure 15 is a flow chart showing a method of compressing smokable material during heating and expanding smokable material for the puff;
    [0043] [0043] Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a vacuum insulation section configured to isolate heated smokable material preventing heat loss;
    [0044] [0044] Figure 17 is another schematic illustration in cross section of a vacuum insulation section configured to isolate the heated smokeable material preventing heat loss;
    [0045] [0045] Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a thermal resistive heat bridge that follows an indirect path from a higher temperature insulation wall to one of the lower temperature insulation wall;
    [0046] [0046] Figure 19 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a heat shield and a heat-transparent window that are movable relative to a body of smokable material to selectively allow thermal energy to be transmitted to different sections of the material smokable through the window; and
    [0047] [0047] Figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of part of an appliance configured to heat smokable material, in which a heating chamber is hermetically sealed by means of check valves. Detailed Description of the Invention
    [0048] [0048] As used herein, the term "smokable material" includes any material that provides volatilized components by heating and includes any material containing tobacco and may, for example, include one or more tobacco, tobacco derivatives, expanded tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or tobacco substitutes.
    [0049] [0049] An apparatus 1 for heating smokable material comprises an energy source 2, a heater 3 and a heating chamber 4. The source of energy 2 may comprise a battery, such as a Li-ion battery, battery Ni, alkaline battery and / or similar, and is electrically coupled to heater 3 to supply electrical energy to heater 3, when necessary. The heating chamber 4 is configured to receive the smoking material 5 so that the smoking material 5 can be heated in the heating chamber 4. For example, the heating chamber 4 can be located adjacent to the heater 3, so that the energy heater 3 heats the smokable material 5 in it to volatilize aromatic compounds and nicotine in the smokable material 5 without burning the smokable material 5. A nozzle 6 is provided, whereby a user of apparatus 1 can inhale the volatilized compounds during use of the apparatus 1. The smokable material 5 may comprise a blend (blend) of tobacco.
    [0050] [0050] As shown in figure 1, heater 3 can comprise a substantially cylindrical elongated heater 3 and the heating chamber 4 is located around a longitudinal circumferential surface of the heater 3. The heating chamber 4 and, therefore, the material smoke 5 comprises coaxial layers around heater 3. However, as will be evident from the discussion below, other shapes and configurations of heater 3 and heating chamber 4 can be used alternatively.
    [0051] [0051] A housing 7 may contain components of the apparatus 1, such as the power source 2 and the heater 3. As shown in figure 1, the housing 7 may comprise a cylindrical tube with the power source 2 located towards its first end 8 and heater 3 and heating chamber 4 located towards its opposite second end 9. The power source 2 and the heater 3 extend along the longitudinal axis of the housing 7. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the power source 2 and the heater 3 can be aligned along the central longitudinal axis of the housing. 7 in an end-to-end arrangement, so that an end face of the power source 2 is face to face with an end face of the heater 3. The length of the enclosure 7 can be approximately 130mm, the the length of the power source can be approximately 59mm, and the length of heater 3 and heating region 4 can be approximately 50mm. The diameter of housing 7 can be between approximately 15mm and approximately 18mm. For example, the diameter of the first end of the casing 8 can be 18mm, while the diameter of the nozzle 6 at the second end of the casing 9 can be 15mm. The diameter of heater 3 can be between approximately 2.0mm and approximately 6.0mm. The diameter of heater 3 can, for example, be between approximately 4.0mm and approximately 4.5mm or between approximately 2.0mm and approximately 3.0mm. Heater diameters may also be used outside these ranges. The depth of the heating chamber 4 can be approximately 5mm and the heating chamber 4 can have an outer diameter of about 10mm, on its outward facing surface. The diameter of the power source of 2 can be between approximately 14.0mm and approximately 15.0mm, such as 14.6mm.
    [0052] [0052] Thermal insulation can be provided between the power source 2 and the heater 3 to avoid direct heat transfer from one to another. The nozzle 6 can be located at the second end 9 of the housing 7, adjacent to the heating chamber 4 and the smokable material 5. The housing 7 is suitable for being held by a user while using the apparatus 1, so that the user can inhaling volatilized compounds from the smokeable material from the nozzle 6 of the apparatus 1.
    [0053] [0053] Referring to figures 2 and 3, heater 3 may comprise a ceramic heater 3. The ceramic of heater 3 may, for example, comprise ceramic bases of alumina and / or silicon nitride, which are laminated and sintered . Alternatively, referring to figures 4 and 5, heater 3 may comprise an infrared (IR) heater 3, such as a halogen-IR lamp 3. The heater IR 3 may have a low mass and, therefore, its use may help reduce the total mass of the device 1. For example, the mass of the IR heater can be 20% to 30% less than the mass of a ceramic heater 3 having an equivalent output heating power. The IR heater 3 also has low thermal inertia and is therefore able to heat the smokable material 5 very quickly in response to an activation stimulus. The IR 3 heater can be configured to emit IR electromagnetic radiation between approximately 700nm and 4.5μm wavelength.
    [0054] [0054] As indicated above and shown in figure 1, heater 3 can be located in a central region of housing 7 and heating chamber 4 and smoke material 5 can be located around the longitudinal surface of heater 3. In this arrangement, the thermal energy emitted by the heater 3 travels in a radial direction outwards from the longitudinal surface of the heater 3 into the heating chamber 4 and smoke material 5.
    [0055] [0055] The heater 3 can optionally comprise a plurality of individual heating regions 10. The heating regions 10 can be operated independently of each other, so that the various regions 10 can be activated at different times to heat the smokable material 5. The heating regions 10 can be arranged in heater 3 in any geometric arrangement. However, in the examples shown in the figures, the heating regions 10 are geometrically arranged in heater 3, so that the different individual heating regions 10 are arranged to predominantly and independently heat different regions of the smokable material 5.
    [0056] [0056] For example, referring to figure 2, the heater 3 can comprise a plurality of heating regions 10 axially aligned. The regions 10 can each comprise an individual element of the heater 3. The heating regions 10 can, for example, all be aligned with each other along a longitudinal axis of the heater 3, thus providing a plurality of zones of independent heating elements along the length of the heater 3. Each heating region 10 can comprise a heating cylinder 10, which has a finite length that is significantly less than the length of the heater 3 as a whole. The arrangement and characteristics of the cylinders 10 are discussed below in terms of heating discs, where each disc has a depth that is equivalent to the length of the cylinder. The heating discs 10 are arranged with their radial surfaces facing each other along the length of the heater 3. The radial surfaces of each disc 10 can touch the radial surfaces of their neighboring discs 10. Alternatively, an insulating layer of heat or heat reflector may be present between the radial surfaces of the disks 10, so that the thermal energy emitted by each of the disks 10 does not substantially heat the neighboring disks 10 and instead travels predominantly outward from the circumferential surface of the disc 10 into heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5. Each disc 10 can have substantially the same dimensions as the other discs 10.
    [0057] [0057] Thus, when one of the particular heating regions 10 is activated, it provides thermal energy for the smokable material 5 located radially around the heating region 10 without substantially heating the rest of the smokable material 5. For example, referring to Referring to Figure 2, the heated region of smokable material 5 may comprise a ring of smokable material 5 located around the heating disc 10 which has been activated. The smokable material 5 can therefore be heated in independent sections, for example in rings, where each section corresponds to the smokable material 5 located directly around one of the particular heating regions 10 and has a mass and volume that is significantly smaller than the body of smokable material 5 as a whole.
    [0058] [0058] Additionally or alternatively, referring to figure 6, the heater 3 may comprise a plurality of elongated heating regions 10 that extend longitudinally, positioned in different locations around the central longitudinal axis of the heater 3. Although shown as being of different lengths in figure 6, the longitudinally extending heating regions 10 can be of substantially the same length, so that each extends substantially along the entire length of the heater 3. Each heating region 10 can comprise, for example, For example, an individual IR heating element 10 such as an IR heating filament 10. Optionally, a thermal insulating body or heat reflective material can be provided along the central longitudinal axis of the heater 3, so that the thermal energy emitted through each heating region 10 travel predominantly out of heater 3 in the heating chamber 4 and thus heat the smokeable material 5. The distance between the central longitudinal axis of the heater 3 and each of the heating regions 10 can be substantially the same. The heating regions 10 can optionally be contained in a tube or other casing substantially transparent to infrared and / or heat, forming a longitudinal surface of the heater 3. The heating regions 10 can be fixed in position in relation to the other regions of heating 10 inside the tube.
    [0059] [0059] Thus, when one of the particular heating regions 10 is activated, it supplies thermal energy to the smokable material 5 located adjacent to the heating region 10 without substantially heating the rest of the smokable material 5. The heated section of smokable material 5 can comprise a longitudinal section of smokable material 5 which is parallel and directly adjacent to the longitudinal heating region 10. Thus, as in the previous example, the smokable material 5 can be heated in independent sections.
    [0060] [0060] As will be described later, heating regions 10 can each be individually and selectively activated.
    [0061] [0061] The smokable material 5 can be comprised in a cartridge 11 which can be inserted in the heating chamber 4. For example, as shown in figure 1, the cartridge 11 can comprise a tube of smokable material 11 which can be inserted around the heater 3, so that the inner surface of the smoke pipe 11 faces the longitudinal surface of the heater 3. The smoke pipe 11 can be hollow. The diameter of the hollow center of the tube 11 can be substantially equal, or slightly larger, to the diameter of the heater 3, so that the tube 11 fits tightly around the heater 3. The length of the cartridge 11 can be approximately equal to the length of the heater 3, so that heater 3 can heat cartridge 11 along its entire length.
    [0062] [0062] The housing 7 of the apparatus 1 may comprise an opening through which the cartridge 11 can be inserted into the heating chamber 4. The opening may, for example, comprise a ring-shaped opening located at the second end 9 of the housing, so that the cartridge 11 can slide into the opening and be pushed directly into the heating chamber 4. The opening is preferably closed when using apparatus 1 to heat the smokable material 5. Alternatively, a section of the housing 7, at the second end 9 it is removable from the apparatus 1 so that the smokable material 5 can be inserted into the heating chamber 4. An example of this is shown in figure 9. The apparatus 1 can optionally be equipped with an ejection unit user-operated smoke material, such as an internal mechanism configured to slide the used smoke material 5 out and / or away from the heater 3. The used smoke material 5 can, for example, be and pushed back through the opening in housing 7. A new cartridge 11 can be inserted as required.
    [0063] [0063] In an alternative configuration of heater 3, heater 3 comprises a spiral-shaped heater 3. The spiral-shaped heater 3 can be configured to screw into the smokeable material cartridge 11, and may comprise heating regions 10 axially aligned adjacent, so as to operate in substantially the same manner as described in the case of the linear elongated heater 3 described above.
    [0064] [0064] In an alternative configuration of heater 3 and heating chamber 4, heater 3 comprises a substantially elongated tube, which can be cylindrical, and heating chamber 4 is located inside tube 3, instead of in around the outside of the heater. The heater 3 may comprise a plurality of axially aligned heating sections, which may each comprise a heating ring configured to heat the smoking material 5 located radially inwardly from the ring. In this way, heater 3 is configured to independently heat separate sections of smokable material 5 in the heating chamber 4 in a similar manner to heater 3 described above in relation to figure 2. Heat is applied radially inwards to the smokable material 5, instead of radially outward, as previously described.
    [0065] [0065] Alternatively, referring to figures 7, 8 and 9, a different geometrical configuration of heater 3 and smokable material 5 can be used. More particularly, heater 3 can comprise a plurality of heating regions 10, which extend directly into an elongated heating chamber 4 which is divided into sections by the heating regions 10. During use, the heating regions 10 extend directly into an elongated cartridge 11 of smokable material, or another substantially solid body of material smokable 5. The smokable material 5 in the heating chamber 4 is thus divided into discrete sections separated from each other by the heating regions 10 spaced apart. The heater 3, heating chamber 4 and smoke material 5 can extend together along a central longitudinal axis of the housing 7. As shown in figures 7 and 9, the heating regions 10 can each comprise a projection 10, such as a upright heating plate 10, which extends into the body of smokable material 5. The projections 10 are discussed below in the context of heating plates 10. The main plane of the heating plates 10 can be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal main axis of the smoking body 5 and heating chamber 4 and / or housing 7. The heating plates 10 can be parallel to each other, as shown in figures 7 and 9. Each section of smoking material 5 is delimited by a main heating surface of a pair of heating plates 10 located on either side of the section of smokable material, so that the activation of one or both heating plates 10 will make ensure that the thermal energy is transferred directly to the smokable material 5. The heating surfaces may be embossed to increase the surface area of the heating plate 10 against the smoking material 5. Optionally, each heating plate 10 can comprise a layer thermally reflective, which divides plate 10 into two halves along its main plane. Each half of the plate 10 can thus constitute a separate heating region 10 and can be activated independently to heat only the section of smokable material 5 which is directly against this half of the plate 10, instead of the smokable material 5 of both. sides of the plate 10. Adjacent plates 10, or parts facing them, can be activated to heat the section of smokable material 5 that is located between the adjacent plates, from substantially opposite sides of the smokable material section 5.
    [0066] [0066] The cartridge or elongated smokeable material body 11 can be installed between, and removed from, the heating chamber 4 and the heating plates 10 by removing a section of the housing 7 at the second end 9 of the housing, as described earlier. The heating regions 10 can be individually and selectively activated to heat different sections of the smokable material 5, as needed.
    [0067] [0067] In this way, when one or a pair of particular heating regions 10 is activated, it provides thermal energy for the smokable material 5 located directly adjacent to the heating region (s) 10 without substantially heating the rest of the smokable material 5. The heated smokable material section 5 may comprise a radial smokable material section 5 located between the heating regions 10, as shown in figures 7 to 9.
    [0068] [0068] The apparatus 1 may comprise a controller 12, such as a microcontroller 12, which is configured to control the operation of the apparatus 1. The controller 12 is electronically connected to the other components of the apparatus 1, such as the power source 2 and the heater 3, so that it can control its operation by sending and receiving signals. Controller 12 is, in particular, configured to control the activation of heater 3 to heat the smokable material 5. For example, controller 12 can be configured to activate heater 3, which may comprise the selective activation of one or more regions heating element 10, in response to a user pulling on the nozzle 6 of the device 1. In this sense, the controller 12 can be in communication with a drag sensor 13 via a suitable communication coupling. The puff sensor 13 is configured to detect the occurrence of a puff at the nozzle 6 and, in response, it is configured to send a signal to the controller 12 indicative of the puff. An electronic signal can be used. Controller 12 can respond to the signal from the puff sensor 13, activating the heater 3 and thereby heating the smokable material 5. The use of a puff sensor 13 to activate the heater 3 is not, however, essential and other means to provide a stimulus that activates heater 3 can be used alternatively. The volatilized compounds released during heating can thus be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece 6. The controller 12 can be located in any suitable position inside the housing 7. An example is the position between the energy source 2 and the heater 3 / heating chamber 4, as shown in figure 3.
    [0069] [0069] If heater 3 comprises two or more heating regions 10, as described above, controller 12 can be configured to activate heating regions 10 in a predetermined order or pattern. For example, controller 12 can be configured to activate heating regions 10 sequentially along or around the heating chamber 4. Each activation of a heating region 10 can be in response to the detection of a puff by the puff sensor 13 , or it can be triggered in an alternative way, as described below.
    [0070] [0070] Referring to figure 10, an exemplary heating method may comprise a first step S1, in which a first puff is detected followed by a second step S2 in which a first section of smokable material 5 is heated in response to the first swallowed. In a third step S3, the hermetically sealed inlet and outlet valves 24 can be opened to allow air to be drawn through the heating chamber 4 and out of the apparatus 1 through the nozzle 6. In a fourth step, the valves 24 are closed. These valves 24 are described in more detail below in relation to figure 20. In fifth S5, sixth S6, seventh S7 and eighth S8 steps, a second section of smokable material 5 can be heated, in response to a second puff, with a corresponding opening and closing the heating chamber inlet and outlet valves 24. In ninth S9, tenth S10, eleventh S11 and twelfth S12 steps, a third section of smokable material 5 can be heated, in response to a third puff, with a corresponding opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves 24 heating, and so on. Means other than a drag sensor 13, can be used alternatively. For example, a user of device 1 can trigger a control key to indicate that he / she is swallowing again. In this way, a new section of smokable material 5 can be heated to volatilize nicotine and aromatic compounds for each new puff. The number of heating regions 10 and / or sections of independently heatable smokable material 5 may correspond to the number of puffs for which the cartridge 11 is designed to be used. Alternatively, each section of independently heatable smoking material 5 can be heated by its corresponding region (s) 10 for a plurality of puffs, such as two, three or four puffs, so that a new smokable material section 5 is only heated after a plurality of puffs have been effected by heating the previous smokable material section.
    [0071] [0071] Instead of activating each heating region 10 in response to an individual drag, heating regions 10 can alternatively be activated sequentially, one after the other, in response to a single initial drag on the nozzle 6. For example , the heating regions 10 can be activated at predetermined regular intervals, over the expected inhalation period for a given cartridge of smokable material 11. The inhalation period can, for example, be between approximately one and approximately four minutes. Therefore, at least the fifth and ninth steps S5, S9 shown in figure 10 are optional. Each heating region 10 can be activated for a predetermined period corresponding to the duration of the plurality or the single drag so that the correspondingly heated section of smokable material 5 must be heated. Once all heating regions 10 have been activated for a particular cartridge 11, controller 12 can be configured to indicate to the user that cartridge 11 must be changed. Controller 12 can, for example, activate an indicator light on the outer surface of housing 7.
    [0072] [0072] It will be appreciated that the activation of individual heating regions 10 in sequence, instead of activating the entire heater 3 means that the energy needed to heat the smokable material is reduced 5 compared to what would be required if the heater 3 were activated a cartridge 11 completely over the entire inhalation period. Therefore, the maximum power output required from power source 2 is also reduced. This means that a smaller and lighter power source 2 can be installed in device 1.
    [0073] [0073] Controller 12 can be configured to deactivate heater 3, or to reduce the energy supplied to heater 3, in between puffs. This saves energy and extends the life of power source 2. For example, once device 1 is switched on by a user or in response to some other stimulus, such as detecting a user by placing his mouth against the mouthpiece 6, controller 12 can be configured to cause heater 3, or the next heating region 10 to be used to heat the smokable material 5, to be partially activated so that it heats up in preparation to volatilize the smokable material components 5. Partial activation does not heat the smokable material 5 to a temperature sufficient to volatilize nicotine. An appropriate temperature can be less than 120 ° C, such as 100 ° C or below. An example is a temperature between 60 ° C and 100 ° C, such as a temperature between 80 ° C and 100 ° C. The temperature can be less than 100 ° C. In response to the detection of a puff by the puff sensor 13, the controller 12 can then cause the heater 3 or the heating region 10 in question to heat the smokeable material 5 further in order to quickly volatilize the nicotine and other aromatic compounds for user inhalation. If the smokable material comprises tobacco 5, a temperature suitable for volatilizing nicotine and other aromatic compounds can be 100 ° C or higher, such as 120 ° C or above. An example is a temperature between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, such as between 100 ° C and 220 ° C, between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, between 150 ° C and 250 ° C or between 130 ° C and 180 ° Ç. The temperature can be over 100 ° C. An example of a complete activation temperature is 150 ° C, although other values, such as 250 ° C are also possible. A supercapacitor can optionally be used to supply the peak current used to heat the smokable material 5 to the volatilization temperature. An example of a suitable heating pattern is shown in figure 12, where the peaks can respectively represent the complete activation of different heating regions 10. As can be seen, the smokable material 5 is kept at the volatilization temperature for the approximate period of swallow which, in this example, is two seconds.
    [0074] [0074] Three examples of heater 3 operating modes are described below.
    [0075] [0075] In a first operation mode, during the complete activation of a specific heating region 10, all other heating regions 10 of the heater are deactivated. Therefore, when a new heating region 10 is activated, the previous heating region is deactivated. Power is supplied only to the activated region 10.
    [0076] [0076] Alternatively, in a second mode of operation, during the complete activation of a specific heating region 10, one or more of the other heating regions 10 can be partially activated. Partial activation of one or more of the other heating regions 10 may comprise heating the other heating region (s) 10 to a temperature that is sufficient to substantially prevent condensation of components, such as nicotine volatilized of the smoking material 5 in the heating chamber 4. The temperature of the heating zones 10 that are partially activated is lower than the temperature of the heating region 10 that is completely activated. The smokable material 10 located adjacent to the partially activated regions 10 is not heated to a temperature sufficient to volatilize the components of the smokable material 5.
    [0077] [0077] Alternatively, in a third mode of operation, once the specific heating region 10 is activated, it remains fully activated until heater 3 is turned off. Thus, the energy supplied to heater 3 gradually increases as more of the heating regions 10 are activated during inhalation of the cartridge 11. As with the second mode described above, continuous activation of heating regions 10 substantially prevents condensation of components, such as the volatilized nicotine of the smokable material 5 in the heating chamber 4.
    [0078] [0078] The apparatus 1 may comprise a thermal protector 3a, which is located between the heater 3 and the heating chamber 4 / smokable material 5. The thermal protector 3a is configured to substantially prevent thermal energy from flowing through the thermal protector 3a and, consequently, can be used to selectively prevent the smokable material 5 from being heated, even when the heater is activated 3 and emits thermal energy. Referring to figure 19, the thermal protector 3a can, for example, comprise a cylindrical layer of heat reflective material, which is located coaxially around the heater 3. Alternatively, if the heater 3 is located around the heating chamber 4 and smokeable material 5, as previously described, the thermal protector 3a may comprise a cylindrical layer of heat reflective material, which is located coaxially around the heating chamber 4 and coaxially within the heater 3. The thermal protector 3a can additionally or alternatively, comprising a heat insulating layer configured to insulate heater 3 from smokable material 5. The thermal protector 3a comprises a window 3b substantially transparent to heat, which allows thermal energy to propagate through window 3b and into the chamber heating element 4 and smokable material 5. Thus, the smokable material section 5, which is aligned with window 3b is heated going, while the rest of the smokable material 5 is not. The thermal protector 3a and the window 3b can be rotatable, or otherwise movable in relation to the smokable material 5 so that the different sections of smokable material 5 can be selectively and individually heated by rotating or moving the thermal protector 3a and the window 3b . The effect is similar to the effect provided by the selective and individual activation of the heating regions 10 mentioned above. For example, thermal protector 3a and window 3b can be rotated or otherwise moved incrementally in response to a signal from the puff detector 13. Additionally or alternatively, thermal protector 3a and window 3b can be rotated or rotated. otherwise moved incrementally in response to a predetermined warm-up time having elapsed. The movement or rotation of thermal protector 3a and window 3b can be controlled by electronic signals from controller 12. The rotation or other relative movement of thermal shield 3a / window 3b and smokeable material 5 can be driven by a stepper motor 3c, under control of controller 12. This is illustrated in figure 19. Alternatively, thermal protector 3a and window 3b can be rotated manually using a user control as an actuator in housing 7. Thermal protector 3a does not have to be cylindrical and it may optionally comprise one or more elements and / or plates extending longitudinally and appropriately positioned.
    [0079] [0079] It will be appreciated that a similar result can be obtained by the rotation or movement of the smokable material 5 in relation to the heater 3, thermal protector 3a and window 3b. For example, the heating chamber 4 can be rotated around the heater 3. If this is the case, the above description regarding the movement of the thermal protector 3a can in turn be applied to the movement of the heating chamber 4 in relation to the protector. thermal 3a.
    [0080] [0080] The thermal protector 3a may comprise a coating on the longitudinal surface of the heater 3. In this case, an area of the heater surface is left uncoated, to form window 3b transparent to heat. The heater 3 can be rotated or moved in another way, for example, under the control of the controller 12 or user controls, to cause different sections of the smokable material 5 to be heated. Alternatively, thermal protector 3a and window 3b may comprise a separate protector 3a which can rotate or is otherwise movable with respect to both heater 3 and smokable material 5 under the control of controller 12 or other user controls.
    [0081] [0081] Referring to figure 6, the apparatus 1 can comprise air intakes 14, which allow the external air to be drawn into the casing 7 and through the heated smoking material 5 during the puffs. The air inlets 14 can comprise openings 14 in the housing 7 and can be located upstream of the smokable material 5 and the heating chamber 4 towards the first end 8 of the housing 7. This is shown in figure 1.
    [0082] [0082] Another example is shown in figure 11. The air sucked through the inlets 14 travels through the heated smokeable material 5 and is then enriched with smoky material vapors, such as aroma vapors, before being inhaled by the user at the nozzle 6 Optionally, as shown in figure 11, apparatus 1 may comprise a heat exchanger 15 configured to heat the air before it passes through the smokable material 5 and / or to cool the air before it is pulled through the nozzle 6. For For example, the heat exchanger 15 can be configured to use the heat extracted from the air entering the nozzle 6 to heat the fresh air, before passing through the smokable material 5.
    [0083] [0083] The apparatus 1 may comprise a smokeable material compressor 16, configured to cause the smokable material 5 to be compressed upon activation of the compressor 16. The apparatus 1 may also comprise a smokable material expander 17, configured to cause the smokable material 5 expands after activating the expander 17. The compressor 16 and expander 17 can, in practice, be implemented as the same unit, as will be explained below. Compressor 16 and expander 17 of smokable material can optionally operate under the control of controller 12. In this case, controller 12 is configured to send a signal, such as an electrical signal, to compressor 16 or expander 17, which makes the compressor 16 or expander 17 to compress or expand the smokable material 5, respectively. Alternatively, the compressor 16 and expander 17 can be driven by a user of the apparatus 1 using a manual control over the housing 7 to compress or expand the smokeable material 5, as needed.
    [0084] [0084] The compressor 16 is mainly configured to compress the smokable material 5 and, thus, increase its density, during heating. The compression of the smokable material increases the thermal conductivity of the smokable material body 5 and therefore provides a faster heating and consequent rapid volatilization of nicotine and other aromatic compounds. This is preferable because it allows nicotine and aromatics to be inhaled by the user without considerable delay in response to the detection of a drag. Consequently, the controller 12 can activate the compressor 16 to compress the smokable material 5 for heating for a predetermined period, for example, one second, in response to the detection of a puff. The compressor 16 can be configured to reduce the compression of the smokable material 5, for example, under the control of the controller 12, after the predetermined period of heating. Alternatively, the compression can be reduced or terminated automatically in response to the smokable material 5 reaching a predetermined temperature limit. An appropriate temperature limit can be in the range of approximately 100 ° C to 250 ° C, such as between 100 ° C and 220 ° C, between 150 ° C and 250 ° C, between 100 ° C and 200 ° C or between 130 ° C and 180 ° C. The temperature limit can be over 100 ° C, as well as a value over 120 ° C, and can be user selectable. A temperature sensor can be used to detect the temperature of the smokable material 5.
    [0085] [0085] The expander 17 is configured mainly to expand the smokable material 5 and, thus, decrease its density during the puff. The arrangement of the smokable material 5 in the heating chamber 4 becomes looser when the smokable material 5 has been expanded and this helps the gas flow, for example air from the inlets 14 through the smokable material 5. The air is thus more capable to transport the nicotine and volatile aromatics to the mouthpiece 6 for inhalation. The controller 12 can activate the expander 17 to expand the smokable material 5 immediately after the aforementioned compression period, so that the air can be drawn more freely through the smokable material 5. The activation of the expander 17 can be accompanied by a sound audible by the user or other indication to indicate to the user that the smokable material 5 has been heated and that the puff can begin.
    [0086] [0086] Referring to figures 13 and 14, the compressor 16 and the expander 17 may comprise a spring driven rod, which is configured to compress the smokable material 5 in the heating chamber 4, when the spring is released from compression . This is schematically illustrated in figures 13 and 14, although it can be appreciated that other constructions could be used. For example, the compressor 16 may comprise a ring having a thickness approximately equal to that of the tubular heating chamber 4 described above, which is driven by a spring or other means towards the heating chamber 4 to compress the smokable material 5 Alternatively, the compressor 16 can be constituted as part of the heater 3, so that the heater 3 itself is configured to compress and expand the smokable material 5 under the control of the controller 12. For example, where the heater 3 comprises heating plates. upright heating elements 10 of the type previously described, the plates 10 can independently be movable in a longitudinal direction of the heater 3 to expand or compress the sections of smokable material 5 that are located adjacent to them. A method of compressing and expanding the smokable material 5 is shown in figure 15.
    [0087] [0087] Thermal insulation 18 can be provided between the smokable material 5 and an outer surface 19 of the casing 7 to reduce heat loss from the apparatus 1 and thereby improve the efficiency with which the smokable material 5 is heated . For example, referring to figure 1, a wall of the housing 7 may comprise an insulation layer 18, which extends around the outside of the heating chamber 4. The insulation layer 18 may comprise a substantially tubular length of insulation 18 located coaxially around the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5. This is shown in figure 1. It will be appreciated that insulation 18 can also be understood as part of the cartridge of smokable material 11, where it would be located coaxially in around the outside of the smoking material 5.
    [0088] [0088] Referring to figure 16, insulation 18 may comprise vacuum insulation 18. For example, insulation 18 may comprise a layer that is bounded by a wall material 19 such as a metallic material. An inner region or core 20 of the insulation 18 may comprise a porous open cell material, for example, comprising polymers, airgel or other suitable material, which is evacuated to a low pressure. The pressure in the inner region 20 can be in the range of 0.1 to 0.001mbar. The insulation wall 19 is strong enough to withstand the force exerted against it, due to the pressure differential between the core 20 and the external surfaces of the wall 19, thus preventing the insulation 18 from collapsing. The wall 19 may, for example, comprise a stainless steel wall 19 having a thickness of approximately 100 µm. The thermal conductivity of insulation 18 can be in the range of 0.004 to 0.005 W / mK. The heat transfer coefficient of insulation 18 can be between approximately 1.10W / (m2K) and approximately 1.40W / (m2K) in a temperature range of between 100 ° C and 250 ° C, such as between approximately 150 degrees Celsius and approximately 250 degrees Celsius. The gaseous conductivity of the insulation 18 is negligible. A reflective coating can be applied to the internal surfaces of the wall material 19 to minimize heat loss due to the propagation of radiation through the insulation 18. The coating can, for example, comprise an aluminum reflective IR layer having a thickness between approximately 0.3μm and 1.0μm. The evacuated state of the inner core region 20 means that the insulation 18 works, even when the thickness of the core region 20 is very small. The insulation properties are not substantially affected by its thickness. This helps to reduce the overall size of the device 1.
    [0089] [0089] As shown in figure 16, wall 19 may comprise an inward-facing section 21 and an outward-facing section 22. The inward-facing section 21 is substantially facing the smokable material 5 and the heating chamber 4. A the outward facing section 22 is substantially outwardly facing the housing 7. During operation of the apparatus 1, the inward facing section 21 may become hotter due to the thermal energy from heater 3, while the outward facing section 22 is cooler due to the effect of insulation 18. The inward-facing section 21 and the outward-facing section 22 may, for example, comprise substantially parallel longitudinally extending walls 19 that are at least as long as the heater 3. The surface interior of the outward facing wall section 22, that is, the surface facing the region of the evacuated core 20, may comprise a coating for absorbing gas in the core 20. A coating Suitable is a titanium oxide film.
    [0090] [0090] Referring to the schematic illustration of figure 17, the thermal bridge 23 can connect the inward facing wall section 21 to the outward facing wall section 22, at the insulation ends 18, in order to completely envelop and contain the low pressure core 20. The thermal bridge 23 may comprise a wall 19 formed of the same material as the inward and outward sections 21, 22. A suitable material is stainless steel, as discussed above. The thermal bridge 23 has a higher thermal conductivity than the insulation core 20 and, therefore, can undesirably conduct heat away from the apparatus 1 and, in doing so, reduce the efficiency with which the smokable material 5 is heated.
    [0091] [0091] To reduce heat losses due to thermal bridge 23, thermal bridge 23 can be extended to increase its resistance to heat flow from the inward facing section 21 to the outward facing section 22. This is schematically illustrated in figure 18. For example, the thermal bridge 23 can follow an indirect path between the inward facing section 21 of wall 19 and the outward facing section 22 of wall 19. This can be facilitated by providing insulation 18 over a longitudinal distance, which be longer than the lengths of the heater 3, the heating chamber 4 and the smokable material 5 so that the thermal bridge 23 can gradually extend from the inward section 21 to the outward section 22 along the path indirect, thus reducing the thickness of the core 20 to zero, in a longitudinal location in the housing 7, where the heater 3, the heating chamber 4 and the smokable material 5 are not present.
    [0092] [0092] Referring to figure 20, as discussed earlier, the heating chamber 4 isolated by the insulation 18 may comprise inlet and outlet valves 24 that hermetically seal the heating chamber 4 when closed. The valves 24 can thus prevent air from undesirably entering and leaving chamber 4 and can prevent flavors of the smokable material from leaving chamber 4. Inlet and outlet valves 24 may, for example, be arranged in insulation 18. Therefore For example, between puffs, the valves 24 can be closed by the controller 12, so that all volatile substances remain contained within the chamber 4 in between puffs. The partial pressure of the volatilized substances between puffs reaches the saturated vapor pressure and the amount of evaporated substances, therefore, it depends only on the temperature in the heating chamber 4. This helps to ensure that the supply of nicotine and volatile aromatic compounds remains constant with the puff. for puff. During the puff, the controller 12 is configured to open the valves 24 so that air can flow through the chamber 4 to transport the volatilized smokable material components to the nozzle 6. A membrane can be located on the valves 24 to ensure that none oxygen enters chamber 4. Valves 24 can be activated by breathing, so that valves 24 open in response to the detection of a puff at the mouthpiece 6. Valves 24 can close in response to a detection that a puff has ended. Alternatively, valves 24 may close after a predetermined period has elapsed after opening. The predetermined time period can be programmed by controller 12. Optionally, a suitable opening / closing means, mechanical or otherwise, can be present for the valves 24 to open and close automatically. For example, the gaseous movement caused by a user's drag on the nozzle 6 can be used to open and close the valves 24. Therefore, the use of the controller 12 is not necessarily required to actuate the valves 24.
    [0093] [0093] The mass of smokable material 5 that is heated by heater 3, for example, for each heating region 10, can be in the range of 0.2 to 1.0g. The temperature at which the smoking material 5 is heated can be controllable by the user, for example, up to any temperature chosen within the temperature range of 100 ° C to 250 ° C, as well as any temperature within the range of 150 ° C to 250 ° C and other volatilizing temperature ranges described above. The mass of device 1 as a whole can be in the range of 70 to 125g. A battery 2, with a capacity of 1000 to 3000mAh and a voltage of 3.7V can be used. The heating regions 10 can be configured to individually and selectively heat between approximately 10 and 40 sections of smokable material 5 for a single cartridge 11.
    [0094] [0094] It will be appreciated that any of the alternatives described above can be used alone or in combination. For example, as discussed above, heater 3 may be located around the outside of smokable material 5, instead of smokable material 5 being located around heater 3. Heater 3 can therefore circumscribe smokable material 5 to apply heat to the smokable material 5 in a substantially radial inward direction.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    Apparatus (1) comprising: an elongated heater (3) configured to heat smokable material (5) contained in the apparatus (1) in use to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material (5), comprising a plurality of independently controllable heating regions (10) arranged sequentially to the along a longitudinal axis of the heater (3) to independently heat sections of smokable material (5); characterized by: a smokable material heating chamber (4) arranged to removably receive the smokable material (5), the smokable material heating chamber (4) arranged adjacent to a longitudinal surface of the heater (3) so that the thermal energy emitted by the regions heating element (10) travel in a radial direction from the longitudinal surface of the heater (3) towards the heating chamber (4) to independently heat the sections of smokable material (5).
    [0002]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of each heating region (10) is less than the length of the heater (3).
    [0003]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each heating region (10) comprises a longitudinal heating element that has a length that is less than a length of the heater (3).
    [0004]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating regions (10) are arranged in an end-to-end relationship along the longitudinal axis of the heater (3).
    [0005]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heater (3) comprises a longitudinal surface that extends over the plurality of heating regions (10).
    [0006]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the heater (3) is configured to heat the smokable material (5) located around an outside of the longitudinal surface of the heater (3).
    [0007]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each heating region (10) comprises a heater section (3) in the form of a disc.
    [0008]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the heater (3) is arranged along a longitudinal axis of the apparatus (1) and the smoking material (5) is located coaxially out of a longitudinal surface of the heater (3).
    [0009]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the smokable material (5) comprises a substantially tubular body of smokable material.
    [0010]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heater (3) is configured to heat the smokable material (5) located within a longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0011]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or 10, characterized in that each heating region (10) comprises a heater section (3) in the form of a ring.
    [0012]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, 10 or 11, characterized in that the heater (3) is arranged along a longitudinal axis of the apparatus (1) and the smokable material (5) it is located coaxially into a longitudinal surface of the heater.
    [0013]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heater (3) comprises an outer embossed surface configured to heat the smokable material (5).
    [0014]
    Apparatus (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the heater (3) is substantially in cylindrical form.
    [0015]
    Apparatus (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that each heating region (10) comprises a substantially cylindrical heater section (3).
    [0016]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the heater (3) is configured to heat the smokable material (5) to a temperature in the range of approximately 100 ° C to 250 ° C ° C.
    [0017]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, characterized by the fact that each heating region (10) is arranged to heat a different section of the smokable material (5).
    [0018]
    Apparatus (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a controller configured to activate the heating regions (10) sequentially over a period of time.
    [0019]
    Apparatus (1), according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the controller is configured to activate each heating region (10) in response to a drag.
    [0020]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the heater (3) is substantially a ceramic heater that reacts to electrical energy to emit thermal energy.
    [0021]
    Apparatus (1) according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the apparatus is configured to heat the smokable material (5), without combustion of the smokable material.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112013032558B1|2021-01-12|apparatus for heating smokable material
    BR112013032671B1|2020-12-15|APPLIANCE FOR HEATING SMOKEABLE MATERIAL
    US11051551B2|2021-07-06|Heating smokable material
    BR112014026390B1|2021-03-09|device
    EP2753201B1|2016-02-24|Heating smokable material
    EP2753200B1|2017-12-27|Heating smokeable material
    WO2013034453A1|2013-03-14|Heating smokeable material
    WO2013034452A1|2013-03-14|Heating smokeable material
    TW201343090A|2013-11-01|Heating smokable material
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2839099C|2016-06-28|
    RU2013155701A|2015-11-27|
    US20210401048A1|2021-12-30|
    UA110646C2|2016-01-25|
    CN103763953A|2014-04-30|
    KR101953201B1|2019-02-28|
    WO2013034459A1|2013-03-14|
    UA111622C2|2016-05-25|
    KR20140068807A|2014-06-09|
    AU2012306504B2|2015-08-20|
    HK1194630A1|2014-10-24|
    BR112013032558A2|2017-01-24|
    EP2753202A1|2014-07-16|
    KR20200000467A|2020-01-02|
    AU2012306504A1|2014-01-16|
    MY164560A|2018-01-15|
    KR20190022908A|2019-03-06|
    US20140202476A1|2014-07-24|
    US20210068460A1|2021-03-11|
    JP2014518096A|2014-07-28|
    CN103763953B|2016-08-17|
    KR20200143532A|2020-12-23|
    KR102309513B1|2021-10-05|
    KR102196913B1|2020-12-30|
    CA2839099A1|2013-03-14|
    JP5808490B2|2015-11-10|
    KR102060691B1|2020-02-11|
    PL2753202T3|2016-11-30|
    EP2753202B1|2016-04-27|
    AR088436A1|2014-06-11|
    RU2595971C2|2016-08-27|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-02| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/08/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2021-07-20| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: NICOVENTURES TRADING LIMITED (GB) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    RU2011136869|2011-09-06|
    GB2011136869|2011-09-06|
    GBGB1207054.6A|GB201207054D0|2011-09-06|2012-04-23|Heating smokeable material|
    GB1207054.6|2012-04-23|
    PCT/EP2012/066524|WO2013034459A1|2011-09-06|2012-08-24|Heating smokeable material|
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