ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT, USE OF AN ELECTRIC CONNECTION ELEMENT AND METHOD OF PRODUCING A GLASS

专利摘要:
A method of producing a window having an electrical connection element The present invention relates to a method for producing a window having at least one electrical connection element, wherein a) the welding compound (4) ) is applied to at least one contact face (8) of the connecting element (3) and the welding compound (4) has at least one recess (6) having a flow (7), b) the connecting element ( 3) is arranged on the welding compound (4) in a region of an electrically conductive structure (2) on a substrate (1) and c) the connecting element (3) is connected 10 to the electrically conductive structure (2) by means of welding compound (4) with heat input.
公开号:BR112013030696B1
申请号:R112013030696-3
申请日:2012-05-29
公开日:2019-06-18
发明作者:Andreas Schlarb；Bernhard Reul；Mitja Rateiczak；Lothar Lesmeister
申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT, USE OF AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT AND METHOD OF PRODUCING A GLASS WITH AT LEAST ONE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT” [0001] The invention relates to an economical and environmentally friendly method of producing a pane with one element electrical connection, an electrical connection element and the use of glazing.
[0002] The invention also relates to a method of producing a glazing with an electrical connection element for motor vehicles with electrically conductive structures, such as, for example, heating conductors or antenna conductors. Electrically conductive structures are usually connected to the electrical system on board via welded electrical connection elements. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used, mechanical stresses occur that deform the glazing and can cause it to break during production and operation.
[0003] Lead-containing welds have high ductility that can compensate for mechanical stresses occurring between an electrical connection element and the glass pane due to plastic deformation. In addition, the high ductility makes it possible to form the lead-containing solder material around a flux core before the welding process. However, due to the End of Life Vehicles Directive 2000/53 / EC, solders containing lead must be replaced with lead free solders within the EC. The directive is referred to, in short, by the acronym ELV (End of Life Vehicles). The goal is to ban extremely problematic product components resulting from the massive increase in disposable electronics. The affected substances are lead, mercury and cadmium. This refers, among other things, to the implementation of lead-free welding materials in electrical glass applications and the introduction of corresponding replacement products.
[0004] EP 1 942 703 A2 describes an electrical connection element in motor vehicle glazing, where the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the window and the electrical connection element is <5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C and the connecting element contains predominantly titanium. In order to provide adequate
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2/37 mechanical stability and processability, it is proposed to use an excess of welding material. Excess weld material flows out of the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. The excess of the weld material causes high mechanical stresses in the glass. These mechanical stresses finally result in the glass breaking.
[0005] For welding, a flux is added to the welding material. Through chemical reactions, the flux removes oxides on the surfaces to be connected and prevents new oxide formation during the welding process. In addition, the flux reduces the surface tension of the liquid weld. Because of their high ductility, solders containing lead can be arranged around a flow filament. The weld material and flux can be distributed together. The flow core is protected against oxidation by atmospheric oxygen. In addition, the flow cannot be lost when transporting the weld material.
[0006] Many lead-free solders cannot be arranged around a flux core. For example, many welds containing bismuth are too brittle and many welds containing indium are too flexible and therefore cannot be formed around a flux core. According to the prior art, in this case, the flux is applied to the surface of the weld material before the welding process. Thus, the flow is not protected against atmospheric influences and can be lost during transport of the weld material, for example, through abrasion. In addition, the amount of flux that can be applied to the weld material is limited.
[0007] Under DE 29722028 U1, an electrical connection element is known which is provided with a pre-distributed welding material. A flux is disposed within the weld material part. Such part of welding material with a flow reservoir inside it requires expensive production processes. In addition, with many lead-free solder materials, the same problems develop due to their fragility or weakness as with the molding of the solder material around a conventional flux core. From EP 150 8941 A2, a glove-shaped weld material is known, in which a flux is
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3/37 arranged inside the glove. DE 102004057630 B3 mentions a lead-free solder reservoir with integrated flux. However, it is not described how the flow is to be advantageously integrated.
[0008] An objective of the present invention is to provide an economical and environmentally friendly method of producing a glazing with an electrical connection element, whereby critical mechanical stresses on the glazing are avoided and the loss of flow during transport of the weld material is avoided.
[0009] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an electrical connection element that can be connected to a glazing, whereby critical mechanical stresses in the glazing are avoided.
[0010] The object of the present invention is achieved according to the present invention by a method according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
[0011] The method according to the present invention, to produce a glazing with at least one electrical connection element, comprises the following processing steps:
a) welding material is applied to at least one contact surface of the connecting element, with the welding material having at least one recess with a flow,
b) the connecting element is arranged on the weld material in a part of an electrically conductive structure of a substrate, and
c) the connection element is connected to the electrically conductive structure by means of the weld material under heat input.
[0012] The weld material is preferably shaped like platelets. The weld material has two opposite contact sides, with the weld material being connected to the contact surface of the connecting element via one of the two contact sides. The weld material is brought into contact with the electrically conductive structure of the substrate via the other contact side. The first contact side is preferably flat or has at least one flat part. The recess of the weld material is introduced via a part of the second contact side. The recess
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4/37 is thus introduced into the weld material on its surface and is consequently implemented as an indentation on the second contact side of the weld material. The part of the second contact side, through which no recesses are introduced into the weld material, is preferably flat. The weld material can be connected to the contact surface of the connecting element via the first or second contact side.
[0013] A plurality of recesses can also be introduced into the weld material via a plurality of parts on the second contact side. In this way, the flow can advantageously be distributed over the weld material. The weld material can, for example, have 2 to 10 recesses.
[0014] The contact sides of the weld material can, for example, be rectangular, oval, elliptical, circular, rectangular with rounded corners, or rectangular with two semicircles arranged on opposite sides. Preferably, the contact sides have the same shape as the contact surface of the connecting element. The length and width of each contact side of the weld material is preferably less than or equal to the length and width of the contact surface of the connection element. The length and width of the contact sides of the weld material are particularly preferable smaller by 0.1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferable smaller by 0.5 mm to 1 mm than the length and width of the contact surface of the connecting element. The thickness of the layer of the weld material between the two contact sides is preferably from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferable from 0.2 to 0.4 mm and very particularly preferable from 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
[0015] The part of the second contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced into the weld material, can be completely surrounded in the plane of the contact side by the flat part of the contact side. The length and width of the part is preferably from 0.1 mm to 23 mm, particularly preferably from 0.2 mm to 7 mm.
[0016] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the part of the second contact side, via which the recess is introduced into the weld material, runs
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5/37 from one edge of the contact side to the opposite edge of the contact side. The part of the second contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced into the weld material, can, for example, be rectangular, oval, elliptical, circular or combinations thereof.
[0017] Each recess may, in the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides of the weld material, have the shape of at least a rectangle. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each recess has, in the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides of the weld material, the shape of at least a trapezoid, a triangle, a segment of an oval, a segment of an ellipse or a segment of a circle. The cross-sectional area of each recess parallel to the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, becomes smaller with an increased distance from this contact side. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the stability of the weld material in the edge regions of the platelet.
[0018] Alternatively, the cross-sectional area of each recess parallel to the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, becomes larger with an increased distance from this contact side. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the stability of the flow within the recess. The flow can less easily fall out of the recess.
[0019] The depth of the recess is preferably from 0.02 mm to 0.3 mm, particularly preferable from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a plurality of recesses are introduced into the weld material, with at least some of the recesses having different depths. The depth of a recess is greater, the greater the shorter distance from the recess of an edge on the contact side of the weld material. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the stability of the weld material in the edge regions of the platelet.
[0020] The recess is preferably introduced into the weld material by rolling. Alternatively, the recess is preferably introduced into the compression weld material, particularly preferable by embossing or milling.
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6/37 [0021] In the method according to the present invention, an electrical connection element is provided with at least one contact surface, with solder material disposed on the contact surface, at least one recess disposed in the solder material , and at least one flow disposed in the recess.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the weld material is first formed as a platelet with two contact sides, at least one predefined recess, thickness and layer volume. Preferably preferred, the weld material is laminated between two rollers to form a strip, with the surface of a roll designed structured so that at least one recess is introduced into one of the surfaces of the weld material facing the rollers. The platelets of the weld material are obtained from the strip with the undercut being cut or stamped.
[0023] Alternatively, the weld material can be laminated to form a strip with flat surfaces facing the rolls and the plates of the weld material can be cut or stamped from the strip. Then, the recess is introduced into the weld material, preferably pressed inwards, particularly preferably embossed. The flux is applied to the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, with the flux disposed at least within the recess. The recess is completely or partially filled with the flow. Then, the weld material is arranged on the contact surface of the connection element via one of the two contact sides.
[0024] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the weld material is first formed as platelets with two contact sides, at least one predefined recess, thickness and layer volume. Then, the weld material is disposed on the contact surface of the connection element via the contact side, through which the recess is not introduced into the weld material. Then, the flux is applied to the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, with the flux disposed at least within the recess.
[0025] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the method according
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7/37 with the present invention, the weld material is first formed as platelets with two contact sides, at least one predefined recess, thickness and volume of the layer, and in the process, the flow is arranged at least within the recess. Particularly preferable, the weld material is laminated between two rollers to form a strip, with the projected surface of a roll structured, so that on one of the surfaces of the weld material facing the rollers at least one recess is introduced. The flux is applied to the surface of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, with the flux disposed at least within the recess. Then, the platelets of the weld material are obtained from the strip with the recess by cutting or stamping, for example. Then, the welding material with the flux is disposed on the contact surface of the connecting element.
[0026] In an alternative preferred embodiment, of the method according to the present invention, the weld material is first formed as platelets with two predefined contact sides, thickness and layer volume. Particularly preferable, the weld material is laminated between two rolls to form a strip, with the surfaces of the weld material facing the rolls formed flat. The platelets of the weld material are obtained from the strip by cutting or stamping, for example. Next, the weld material is disposed on the contact surface of the connecting element and then at least one recess, preferably stamped, into the contact side of the weld material facing away from the contact surface. Then, the flux is applied over the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, with the flux disposed at least within the recess.
[0027] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the weld material is first formed as platelets with two predefined contact sides, thickness and layer volume. Then, the weld material is disposed on the contact surface of the connecting element and, at the same time, at least one recess is introduced into the contact side of the weld material facing away from the contact surface. Particularly preferable, the weld material is compressed with a punch of
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8/37 embossing on the contact surface. Then, the flux is applied over the contact side of the weld material, through which the recess is introduced, with the flux disposed at least within the recess.
[0028] A plurality of connection elements can be connected to each other similar to the current during the application of the welding material. The individual connection elements are separated from the chain after the welding material is applied. The recess can be inserted into the weld material before applying the weld material to the connecting elements connected together. Alternatively, the recess can be introduced into the weld material after application of the weld material to the connecting elements connected together or after the separation of the individual connection elements out of the current.
[0029] The advantage of the invention results from the fact that the flux is disposed at least within the recess of the weld material. The recess thus serves as a flow reservoir. There, the flow is protected against loss, for example, through abrasion, during transport of the connecting element. In addition, by means of the recess, the surface of the weld material is enlarged. Thus, a greater amount of flux can be disposed in the weld material.
[0030] The welding material can be applied by pressing on the contact surface of the connection element or by spot welding on the contact surface of the connection element.
[0031] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, at least one indentation is introduced into the connecting element in the region of the contact surface. The cross-sectional area of the indentation parallel to the contact surface increases at least part of the indentation with an increasing distance from the contact surface. The indentations preferably have a depth of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm. At least one projection is arranged on the first contact side of the weld material. The cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional area are selected so that the protrusion can be inserted completely through the minimum cross-sectional area of the connection element indentation within the indentation. The height of the
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9/37 overhang is greater than the depth of the indentation. Preferably, the height of the projection is 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm, particularly preferably 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm. The volume of the protrusion is less than or equal to the volume of the indentation. The protrusion can, for example, be shaped like a rectangular solid, a cube, a cylinder, a pyramid, a segment of a rotational ellipsoid or a segment of a sphere. For connection, the weld material is compressed via the first contact side on the contact surface of the connection element, with the projection of the welding material positioned within the indentation of the connection element. During compression of the weld material, the projection changes shape in the indentation, so that the maximum cross-sectional area of the projection is greater than the minimum cross-sectional area of the indentation. Thus, the connection of the weld material to the connection element is durable. A flow can be arranged within the indentation of the connecting element before connecting the connecting element to the weld material.
[0032] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, at least part of the contact surface of the connecting element has a sawtooth profile. Preferably, the part of the contact surface is configured in the form of two or more rows with a sawtooth profile, wherein the sawtooth profiles of two adjacent rows run in opposite directions. By compressing the weld material on the contact surface, the weld material is inclined on the contact side in the sawtooth profile of the contact surface. This makes the connection of the weld material to the connection element durable. Before connecting the connecting element to the weld material, a flow can be arranged over the sawtooth profile of the connecting element.
[0033] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connecting element is connected via a contact surface to the entire surface of a part of the electrically conductive structure. The shape of the contact surface preferably has no edges. This is particularly advantageous with regard to minimizing the critical tensile stresses in the glazing. The contact surface may, for example, have an oval structure, preferably elliptical and, in particular,
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10/37 circular. Alternatively, the contact surface may have a convex polygonal shape, preferably a rectangular shape, with rounded edges, with the rounded edges having a radius of curvature of r> 0.5 mm, preferably of r> 1 mm. Alternatively, the contact surface can be implemented as a rectangle with two semicircles arranged on opposite sides.
[0034] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connecting element is connected to parts of the electrically conductive structure via two contact surfaces, with the surfaces connected together via a bridge. Each contact surface can, for example, be shaped like a rectangle. Alternatively, the shape of each of the two contact surfaces may have at least one segment of an oval, an ellipse, or a circle with a central angle from 90 ° to 360 °, preferably from 140 ° to 360 °, for example. for example, 180 ° to 330 ° or 200 ° to 330 °. Each contact surface may have an oval, preferably elliptical, structure. Particularly preferable, each contact surface is shaped like a circle. Alternatively, each contact surface is formed as a circular segment with a central angle of at least 180 °, preferably at least 200 °, particularly preferable at least 220 ° and, most particularly preferable, at least 230 °. The circular segment may, for example, have a central angle of 180 ° to 360 °, preferably 200 ° to 330 °, particularly preferably 210 ° to 310 °.
[0035] In another advantageous embodiment of the connecting element according to the present invention, each contact surface is designed as a rectangle with two semi-ovals, preferably semi-ellipses, particularly preferable semi-circles arranged on opposite sides.
[0036] The connecting element is, in plan view, for example, preferably 1 mm to 50 mm in length and width and, particularly preferable, 2 mm to 30 mm in length and width and very particularly preferable 2 mm to 8 mm wide and 10 mm to 24 mm long.
[0037] Two contact surfaces connected by a bridge are, for example, preferably 1 mm to 15 mm long and wide and,
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11/37 particularly preferable, 2 mm to 8 mm long and wide.
[0038] The bridge between the contact surfaces is preferably shaped flat in segments. “Plane” means that the base of the connecting element forms a plane. The angle between the substrate surface and the base of each flat bridge segment directly adjacent to a contact surface is less than or equal to 90 °, preferably between 1 ° and 85 ° and, particularly preferable, between 3 ° and 60 ° °. The bridge is shaped so that each flat segment, adjacent to a contact surface, is tilted in the direction away from the directly adjacent contact surface. The bridge can also be curved. The bridge may have a single direction of curvature and the profile of an oval arc, preferably the profile of an elliptical arc and, particularly preferable, the profile of a circular arc. The radius of curvature of the circular arc is, for example, preferably from 5 mm to 15 mm, with a connection element length of 24 mm. The curvature direction of the bridge can also be changed. The bridge does not have to be a constant width.
[0039] The solder material is preferably lead free, that is, it does not contain lead. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the environmental impact of the glazing with an electrical connection element according to the invention. Lead-free solder materials can often not be shaped around a flux core, as is usual with lead-containing solder materials. The recesses according to the present invention in the weld material to accommodate the flow are, therefore, particularly advantageous in the case of lead-free solder materials. The solder material according to the present invention preferably contains tin and bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver or their compositions. The proportion of tin in the composition of the solder according to the present invention is from 3% by weight to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 10% by weight to 95.5% by weight, particularly preferable from 15% by weight to 60% by weight. The proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver or their compositions in the solder composition according to the present invention is 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight, preferably 10% by weight to 67% by weight, whereby the proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper or silver can be 0% by weight. THE
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The solder composition according to the present invention may contain nickel, germanium, aluminum or phosphorus in a proportion of 0% by weight to 5% by weight. The solder composition according to the present invention contains, more particularly preferably, Bi40Sn57Ag3, Sn40Bi57Ag3, Bi59Sn40Ag1, Bi57Sn42Ag1, In97Ag3, Sn95. 5Ag3.8Cu0.7, Bi67In33, Bi33In50Sn17, Sn77.2In20Ag2.8, Sn95Ag4Cu1, SN99Cu1, Sn96.5Ag3.5, or mixtures thereof.
[0040] The flow according to the present invention is, when applied to the weld material, preferably dissolved in a solvent. The flow solution preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 95% by weight of solvent, preferably alcohol, particularly preferable propan-2-ol or ethanol, 0% by weight to 30% by weight of rosin, 0% by weight weight at 5% by weight of dicarboxylic acids, 0% by weight at 8% by weight of terpenes, preferably orange terpenes and 0% by weight at 7% by weight of solvent naphtha. The flow solution may contain additional additives, for example, alcohols, resins and / or halides. After application to the weld material, the solvent is preferably removed by evaporation. The proportion of flux in the entire weld material is 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3% by weight to 4% by weight and, particularly preferably, 0.5% by weight at 3% by weight.
[0041] The thickness of the weld layer according to the present invention is preferably <3.0 x 10 ^-4 m. After the welding process, the welding material flows outwards with an outflow width of <1 mm from the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum outflow width is preferably less than 0.5 mm and, in particular, approximately 0 mm. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the reduction of mechanical stresses on the glazing, the adhesion of the connection element and the reduction of the amount of weld.
[0042] The maximum width of the efflux is defined as the distance between the outer edges of the connection element and the crossing point of the weld material at which the weld material falls below a layer thickness of 50 mm. The maximum efflux width is measured in the solidified weld material after the process
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13/37 welding.
[0043] A desired maximum efflux width is obtained through an appropriate selection of a volume of weld material and the vertical distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure, which can be determined by simple experiments. The vertical distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure can be predefined by an appropriate processing tool, for example, a tool with an integrated spacer.
[0044] The maximum efflux width can even be negative, that is, pulled back into the intermediate space formed by an electrical connection element and an electrically conductive structure.
[0045] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the maximum efflux width is receded in a concave meniscus into the intermediate space formed by the electrical connection element and the electrically conductive structure. A concave meniscus is created. For example, increasing the vertical distance between the spacer and the conductive structure during the welding process, while the weld is still fluid.
[0046] The substrate preferably contains glass, particularly preferable, flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda lime glass. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the substrate contains polymers, particularly preferable polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof.
[0047] The substrate has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The first coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably 8 x 10 ^-6- / ° C to 9 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. The substrate preferably contains glass which preferably has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8.3 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 9 x 10 ^-6 / ° C in a temperature range of 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
[0048] The purpose of the invention is further accomplished by an electrical connection element with at least one contact surface, in which
- the welding material is disposed on the contact surface,
- at least one recess is disposed in the weld material, and
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14/37
- a flow is arranged at least in the recess.
[0049] The recess is completely or partially filled with flow.
[0050] One or a plurality of notches can be inserted into the connecting element in the region of the contact surface. The notches can be completely or partially filled with flow.
[0051] The connection element according to the present invention contains at least one ferro-nickel alloy, an ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or an ferro-chromium alloy.
[0052] The connecting element according to the present invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 0% by weight to 50% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 5% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of niobium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of vanadium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of aluminum and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of tungsten.
[0053] The connecting element has a second coefficient of thermal expansion. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and the second expansion coefficients is> 5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is, in this case, preferably from 0.1 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 4 x 10 ^-6 / ° C, particularly preferable from 0.3 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 3 x 10 ^-6 / ° C in a temperature range of 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
[0054] The connecting element according to the present invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 75% by weight of iron, 25% by weight to 50% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 20% by weight cobalt, 0% by weight at
1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese. The connection element according to the invention preferably contains chromium, niobium, aluminum, vanadium, tungsten and titanium in a proportion of 0% by weight at
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15/37% by weight, molybdenum in a proportion of 0% by weight to 5% by weight, as well as mixtures related to production. The particular advantage lies in avoiding critical tensile stresses in the substrate. In addition, electrical conductivity and weldability are advantageous.
[0055] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 55% by weight to 70% by weight of iron, 30% by weight to 45% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 5% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon. This is particularly advantageous with respect to weldability, electrical conductivity and the reduction of tensile stresses in the substrate.
[0056] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains invar (FeNi). Invar is an alloy of iron and nickel with a content of, for example, 36% by weight of nickel (FeNi36). There is a group of alloys and compounds that have the property of having abnormally small or sometimes negative coefficients of thermal expansion in certain temperature ranges. Invar Fe65Ni35 contains 65% by weight of iron and 35% by weight of nickel. Up to 1% by weight of magnesium, silicon, and carbon are usually bonded to change mechanical properties. By binding 5% by weight of cobalt, the coefficient of thermal expansion can be further reduced. A name for the alloy is Inovco, FeNi33Co4.5 with an expansion coefficient (20 ° C to 100 ° C) of 0.55 x 10 ^-6 / ° C.
[0057] If an alloy such as invar with a very low absolute thermal expansion coefficient of <4 x 10 ⁶ / ° C is used, mechanical stress overcompensation occurs by non-critical pressure stresses on the glass or by non-critical tensile stresses in the turns on.
[0058] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and second expansion coefficients is <5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. Due to the small difference between the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion, mechanical stresses on the glass are avoided and better adhesion is obtained. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is, in this case, preferably from 4 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 8 x 10 ^-6 / ° C,
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16/37 particularly preferable from 4 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 6 x 10 ^-6 / ° C in a temperature range from 0 ^O C to 300 ^O C.
[0059] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 60% by weight of iron, 25% by weight to 35% by weight of nickel, 15% by weight to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight of carbon, and / or 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of manganese. The particular advantage lies in avoiding mechanical stresses on the substrate, good electrical conductivity and good weldability.
[0060] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains kovar (FeCoNi). Kovar is a ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy that has coefficients of thermal expansion of usually approximately 5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. The coefficient of thermal expansion is thus less than the coefficient of typical metals. The composition contains, for example, 54% by weight of iron, 29% by weight of nickel, and 17% by weight of cobalt.
[0061] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains ferro-nickel-cobalt alloys and / or ferro-nickel-cobalt alloys thermally stratified by annealing.
[0062] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and second expansion coefficients is also <5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably 9 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 13 x 10 ⁶ / ° C, particularly preferable from 10 x 10 ^-6 / ° C to 11.5 x 10 ^-6 / ° C in one temperature range from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
[0063] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1 % by weight of carbon, 0% by weight at 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight at 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight at 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, and / or 0% by weight weight at 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, niobium and nitrogen.
[0064] The connection element according to the invention can also contain
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17/37 at least 66.5% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight weight at 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight at 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight at 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight at 2% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
[0065] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least 65% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight molybdenum, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
[0066] The connecting element according to the invention can also contain at least 73% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight weight at 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight at 1% by weight of titanium.
[0067] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 75% by weight to 84% by weight of iron, 16% by weight to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight carbon weight, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
[0068] The connecting element according to the invention can also contain at least 78.5% by weight to 84% by weight of iron, 16% by weight to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
[0069] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains a steel containing chromium with a chromium ratio greater than or equal to 10.5% by weight and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 9 x 10 ' ⁶ / ° C at 13 x 10 ' ⁶ / ° C. Other alloy components, such as molybdenum, manganese or niobium, result in improved corrosion stability or altered properties
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18/37 mechanical, such as tensile strength or cold formability.
[0070] The advantage of the connection elements produced from steel containing chromium, in comparison with the connection elements according to the prior art, produced from titanium, lies in the better weldability, which results from the higher thermal conductivity of steel containing chromium. As a result, a more uniform heating of the connection element is achieved during the welding process. Improved adhesion of the connection element to the glazing results. Chromium-containing steel is also well weldable and has better cold formability. With this, better connection of the connection element to the electrical system on board, via an electrically conductive material, p. copper, by welding or pleating, is possible. Chromium-containing steel is also more available.
[0071] An electrically conductive structure is applied to the substrate, for example, in a seritipy process. The electrically conductive structure according to the present invention has a layer thickness of 5 mm to 40 mm, preferably 8 mm to 15 mm and, particularly preferably, 10 mm to 12 mm. The electrically conductive structure according to the invention preferably contains silver, particularly preferably, silver particles and glass chips.
[0072] The connection element according to the present invention is preferably coated with nickel, tin, copper and / or silver. The connection element according to the present invention is particularly preferably provided with an adhesion-promoting layer, preferably made of nickel and / or copper and, in addition, with a weldable wetting layer, preferably made of silver. The connection element according to the present invention is coated, most particularly preferably with 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm nickel and / or 3 mm to 20 mm silver. The connecting element can be galvanized with nickel, tin or copper and / or silver. Nickel and silver improve the current carrying capacity and corrosion stability of the connection element and wetting with the solder material.
[0073] Ferro-nickel alloy, ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or iron alloy
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19/37 chromium can also be welded, pleated, or glued as a compensation plate over a connection element made, for example, from an alloy containing iron, aluminum, titanium, titanium or copper. As a bimetal, favorable expansion behavior of the connecting element relative to the glass expansion can be obtained. The compensation plate is preferably hat-shaped.
[0074] The electrical connection element contains, on the surface facing the weld material, a coating containing copper, zinc, tin, silver, gold or alloys or their layers, preferably silver. This prevents the weld material from spreading out beyond the coating and limits the width of the outflow.
[0075] The shape of the electrical connection element can form weld reservoirs in the intermediate space of the connection element and the electrically conductive structure. The weld reservoirs and wetting properties of the weld in the connection element prevent the efflux of the weld material from the intermediate space. The welding reservoirs can be of rectangular, round or polygonal design.
[0076] The distribution of the welding heat and thus the distribution of the welding material during the welding process can be defined by the shape of the connection element. The weld material flows to the hottest point. For example, the connection element can be in the form of a single or double hat, in order to advantageously distribute the heat in the connection element during the welding process.
[0077] The introduction of energy during the electrical connection of an electrical connection and an electrically conductive structure occurs preferably by means of punches, thermodes, piston welding, preferably laser welding, hot air welding, induction welding, resistance welding and / or with ultrasound.
[0078] The connection element is, for example, welded or pleated on a sheet, braided wire, mesh [not shown] made, for example, of copper and connected to the electrical system on board.
[0079] The connecting element is preferably used in heated glazing or glazing with building antennas, in particular in automobiles, trains,
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20/37 aircraft or boats, in individual functional and / or decorative pieces. The connecting element serves to connect the conductive structures of the glazing to the electrical systems that are arranged outside the glazing. Electrical systems are amplifiers, control units or voltage sources.
[0080] The glazing produced according to the method of the invention is preferably used as a heating glazing or a glazing with antennas in buildings, in particular in automobiles, trains, aircraft or boats, in individual functional and / or decorative pieces or as parts embedded in furniture and devices.
[0081] The invention is explained in detail with reference to the exemplary drawings and embodiments. The drawings are a schematic representation and not on a true scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way. They represent:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element,
Fig. 2 is a cross section A-A 'through the connection element according to the present invention with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without a glazing,
Fig. 3 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connecting element with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without a glazing,
Fig. 4 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connecting element with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without a glazing,
Fig. 4a is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connecting element with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without a glazing,
Fig. 5 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flow before welding, consequently without glazing,
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21/37
Fig. 6 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without glazing,
Fig. 7 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding, consequently without glazing,
Fig. 8 is a cross-section B-B 'through the connection element with welding material and flow of Fig. 7 before welding,
Fig. 9 is a plan view of the base of the connection element of Fig. 2,
Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the base of an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding.
Fig. 11 is a top plan view of the base of an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding,
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the base of an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding,
Fig. 13 is a plan view of the base of an alternative embodiment of the connection element with welding material and flux before welding.
Fig. 14 is a cross section A-A 'through an embodiment of the connection element according to the invention, before connection to the weld material, without glazing,
Fig. 14a a cross section A-A 'through an alternative embodiment of the connection element according to the present invention before connection to the weld material, without glazing,
Fig. 15 is a cross-section A-A 'according to Fig. 14, after connection to the weld material, without glazing,
Fig. 16 is a cross-section B-B 'through an embodiment
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22/37 alternative of the connection element according to the present invention with solderless material,
Fig. 17 is a cross-section A-A 'through the pane of Fig. 1.
Fig. 18 is a cross-section A-A 'through an alternative glazing according to the invention, with a connecting element,
Fig. 19 is a cross-section A-A 'through another alternative glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element,
Fig. 20 is a cross-section A-A 'through another alternative glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element,
Fig. 21 is a cross-section A-A 'through another alternative glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element,
Fig. 22 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the invention with a connecting element,
Fig. 23 is a cross section C-C 'through the pane of Fig. 22,
Fig. 24 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, with a connecting element,
Fig. 25 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the invention, with a connecting element,
Fig. 26 is a detailed flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the present invention,
Fig. 27 is a detailed flow chart of an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention, [0082] Fig. 1 and Fig. 17 show, in each case, a detail of a heatable glazing 1 according to the invention, in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The pane 1 is a single pane safety glass thermally pre-tensioned 3 mm thick, produced from soda lime glass. The pane 1 is 150 cm wide and 80 cm high. An electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a heating conductive structure 2 is printed on the pane 1. Electrically conductive structure 2 contains silver particles and glass chips. In the edge region of the pane 1, the electrically conductive structure 2 is extended to
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23/37 a width of 10 mm and forms a contact surface for the electrical connection element 3. In the region of the edge of the glass pane 1, there is also a cover serotype (not shown).
[0083] The electrical connection element 3 is designed in the form of a bridge and has a width of 4 mm and a length of 24 mm. The electrical connection element 3 is made of steel of material number 1.4509, according to EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509) with a thermal expansion coefficient of 10.0 x
10 ^-6 / ° C. The two contact surfaces 8 are rectangular with a width of 4 mm and a length of 6 mm and are connected to each other via a bridge 9. The bridge 9 consists of three flat segments. The surface facing the substrate 1 of each of the two segments of the bridge 9 directly adjacent to a contact surface 8 includes an angle of 40 ° with the surface of the substrate 1. The advantage lies in the action of the capillary effect between the electrically conductive structure 2 and the segments of the bridge 9 adjacent to the contact surfaces 8. The capillary effect is a consequence of the small distance between the electrically conductive structure 2 and the segments of the bridge 9 adjacent to the contact surfaces 8. The small distance results from the angle between the surface of the substrate 1 and the base of each flat segment of the bridge 9 directly adjacent to a contact surface 8. The desired distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure is determined according to the melting of the weld material. Excess weld material is sucked in a controlled manner through the capillary effect into the volume bounded by the bridge 9 and the electrically conductive structure 2. Thus, the crossing of the weld material at the outer edges of the connection element is reduced and, with it, the maximum outflow width. A reduction in the mechanical stresses on the glass is thus achieved.
[0084] In the region of the contact surfaces 8 between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, the welding material 4 is applied, which makes a durable electrical and mechanical connection between the electrical connection element 3 and the structure electrically conductive 2. Solder material 4 contains 57% by weight of bismuth, 42% by weight of tin and 1% by weight of silver. O
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24/37 welding material 4 is arranged in a volume and shape completely between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The welding material 4 has a thickness of 250 mm.
[0085] Fig. 2 represents a detail of the connection element 3 according to the present invention of Fig. 1 before the welding process. Weld material 4 is arranged as platelets with a width of 3 mm, a length of 5.5 mm and a thickness of 0.38 mm on each contact surface 8. Weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Four recesses 6 with a width of 0.4 mm are inserted into the weld material via the parts 12 of the sides of the second contact 11. The parts 12 run parallel to each other from an edge of the side of contact 11 to the opposite edge. The parts 13 of the contact side 11, via which recesses 6 are not inserted into the weld material 4, are flat in shape. In the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides 10 and 11, the recesses 6 have a rectangular shape. The recesses 6 have a depth of 0.2 mm. Flow 7 is arranged in recesses 6. Flow 7 preferably contains rosin and other additives.
[0086] Fig. 3 represents an alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 and the recesses 6 are shaped according to Fig. 2. The solder material 4 is arranged on the contact surfaces 8 via the second contact side 11, through which the recesses 6 are introduced into the material welding 4. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the production of flux 7 against oxidation by atmospheric oxygen.
[0087] Fig. 4 represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Three recesses 6 with a depth of 0.2 mm are introduced into the weld material 4 via parts 12 of the second contact side 11. The parts 12 run parallel to each other from one edge of the contact side 11 to the opposite edge. In the cross section perpendicular to the sides of
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25/37 contact 10 and 11, recesses 6 are shaped like a symmetrical trapezoid. The long base of the trapezoid is arranged on the contact side 11 and has a length of 0.45 mm. The short trapezoid base has a length of 0.3 mm. The cross-sectional area of the recesses 6 parallel to the contact side 11 becomes smaller with an increased distance from the contact side 11. The advantage lies in the greater stability of the weld material 4 in the edge regions. Flow 7 is arranged in recesses 6.
[0088] Fig. 4a represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Three recesses 6 with a depth of 0.2 mm are introduced into the weld material 4 via the parts 12 of the second contact side 11. The parts 12 run parallel to each other from one edge of the contact side 11 to the opposite edge. In the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides 10 and 11, the recesses 6 are shaped like a symmetrical trapezoid. The short trapezoid base is arranged on the contact side 11 and is 0.3 mm long. The long base of the trapezoid has a length of 0.45 mm. The cross-sectional area of the recesses 6, parallel to the contact side 11, becomes larger with an increased distance from the contact side 11. This advantageously prevents the flow 7 from falling out of the recesses 6.
[0089] Fig. 5 represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the invention, with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Five recesses 6 with a depth of 0.25 mm and a width of 0.2 mm are introduced into the weld material 4 via the parts 12 from the second contact side 11. The parts 12 run parallel from one edge of the contact side 11 to the opposite edge. In the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides 10 and 11 each recess 6 is shaped like an elliptical segment. Flow 7 is disposed within recesses 6.
[0090] Fig. 6 represents an alternative embodiment of the element of
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Connection 3 according to the present invention, with the welding material 4 and the flux 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Five recesses 6 are introduced into the weld material 4 via parts 12 of the second contact side 11. Parts 12 run parallel to each other. one edge of the contact side 11 to the opposite edge. In the cross section perpendicular to the contact sides 10 and 11, each recess is shaped like an elliptical segment. The two recesses 6 with the shortest distance from an outer edge of the weld material 4 have a depth of 0.05 mm; the central recess has a depth of 0.25 mm; and the recesses located between them have a depth of 0.15 mm. The advantage of the different depths of the recesses 6 lies in the greater stability of the weld material 4 in the edge regions. Flow 7 is arranged in recesses 6.
[0091] Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 represent, in each case, a detail of an alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process . A recess 6 with a depth of 0.2 mm is introduced into the weld material 4 via part 12 of the second contact side 11. Part 12 is rectangular with a length of 4.5 mm and a width of 2 mm. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 of the connecting element 3 via the contact side
11.
[0092] Fig. 9 represents a detail of the connection element 3 according to the present invention of Fig. 2 with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process. The parts 12 of the second contact side 11, through which the recesses 6 are introduced into the weld material 4, run parallel to each other from one edge of the contact side 11 to the opposite edge. The width of each recess 6 is 0.4 mm.
[0093] Fig. 10 represents an alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Nine recesses 6 with a
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27/37 depth of 0.2 mm are introduced into the weld material 4 via parts 12 of the second contact side 11. Parts 12 are completely surrounded in the plane of the contact side 11 by part 13, via which they are not recesses are introduced. Each part 12 is shaped like a circle with a radius of 0.25 mm. Flow 7 is arranged in recesses 6.
[0094] Fig. 11 represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process. The weld material 4 is connected to the contact surface 8 via the first contact side 10. Nine recesses 6 with a depth of 0.2 mm are introduced into the weld material 4 via the parts 12 of the second contact side 11 The parts 12 are completely surrounded in the plane of the contact side 11 by the part 13, through which recesses are not introduced. Each part 12 is shaped like a rectangle with a length and width of 0.5 mm. Flow 7 is disposed within recesses 6.
[0095] Fig. 12 represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process. A recess 6 is introduced into the weld material 4 via part 12 of the second contact side 11. Part 12 is completely encircled in the cloth on the contact side 11 by part 13, through which recesses are not introduced. The part 12 is shaped like a circle with a diameter of 1 mm, with four projections in the form of elliptical segments with a length of 2 mm, which point to the corners of the contact side 11 arranged in the circle. By means of the shape of the recess 6 with the flow 7, an advantageous distribution of the welding heat in the welding material 4 is achieved.
[0096] Fig. 13 represents another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the present invention with the welding material 4 and flow 7 before the welding process. By means of the projections of the parts 12 that point to the edges of the contact surface 11, an advantageous distribution of the welding heat in the welding material 4 is achieved.
[0097] Fig. 14 represents a cross section A-A 'through the element of
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28/37 connection 3 and the weld material 4 before connection in an embodiment of the method according to the present invention. A notch 16 with a depth of 0.3 mm is inserted into the connecting element 3 in the region of the contact surface 8. The rectangular cross-sectional area of the notch 16, parallel to the contact surface is enlarged in part of the indentation with a increasing distance from contact surface 8 from 0.8 mm ² to 1 mm ² . A protrusion 17 is arranged on the first contact side 10 of the weld material 4. The protrusion 17 is shaped like a rectangular solid with a length and width of 0.8 mm and a height of 0.45 mm. Before the compression of the weld material on the connection element 3, the projection 17 is positioned on the indentation 16.
[0098] Fig. 14a represents a cross-section A-A 'through the contact element 3 and the welding material 4 before connection in an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention. The indentation 16 of the connecting element 3 and the projection 17 of the weld material 4 is shaped as in Fig. 14. A flow 7 is arranged in the indentation 16. Two additional indentations 20 with a depth of 0.3 mm are introduced into the connection element 3 in the region of the contact surface 8. A flow 7 is also arranged in the indentations 20. The advantage lies in the positioning of the flow 7 in the region of contact between the weld material 4 and the connection element 3, by means of the that flow 7 is protected against spillage and oxidation through atmospheric oxygen.
[0099] Fig. 15 represents a cross section through the connection element 3 and the welding material 4 of Fig. 14, after connection by pressing. The protrusion 17 has a different shape compared to Fig. 14. The maximum cross-sectional area of the protrusion 17 parallel to the contact surface 8 is greater than the minimum cross-sectional area of the indentation 16. Thus, the connection of the weld 4 with connection element 3 is durable.
[0100] Fig. 16 represents a cross-section B-B 'through connection element 3 and weld material 4 after connection by pressing in an alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention. A part of the contact surface 8 has a sawtooth profile. The cross section
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29/37 represents a row of the sawtooth profile. An additional row with a sawtooth profile running in the opposite direction is located in front of and behind the represented cross section, respectively. By pressing the welding material 4 onto the contact surface 8, the welding material 4 is inclined on the contact side 10 of the sawtooth profile. This makes the connection of the weld material to the connection element durable.
[0101] Fig. 17 represents a cross section A-A 'through the glazing according to the present invention of Fig. 1.
[0102] Fig. 18 represents, in continuation with the exemplary embodiment of Figs. 1 and 17, an alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention. The electrical connection element 3 is provided on the surface by facing the weld material 4 with a coating containing silver 5. This prevents spreading of the weld material beyond the coating 5 and limits the efflux width b. In another embodiment, an adhesion-promoting layer, made, for example, of nickel and / or copper, can be located between the connecting element 3 and the silver-containing layer 5. The width of the efflux b of the weld material 4 is less than 1 mm.
[0103] Fig. 19 represents, in continuation with the exemplary embodiment of Figs. 1 and 17, another alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention. The electrical connection element 3 contains, on the surface facing the weld material 4, a recess with a depth of 250 mm, which forms a weld reservoir for the weld material 4. It is possible to completely prevent the efflux of the weld material 4 intermediate space.
[0104] Fig. 20 represents, in continuation with the exemplary embodiment of Figs. 1 and 17, another alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention. The electrical connection element 3 is folded upwards over the edge regions. The height of the fold upward of the edge region of the pane 1 is a maximum of 400 mm. This forms a space for the weld material 4. The predefined weld material 4 forms a concave meniscus between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. It is completely possible to prevent the efflux
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30/37 of the welding material 4 of the intermediate space. The width of the efflux b, at approximately 0, is less than zero, largely due to the formed meniscus.
[0105] Fig. 21 represents another alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element 3 in the form of a bridge. Connecting element 3 contains an alloy containing iron with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 8 x 10 ^-6 / ° C. The thickness of the material is 2 mm. In the region of the contact surfaces 8 of the connecting element 3, compensation members formed into hat 15, are applied with steel containing chrome of material number 1.4509, according to EN 10 088-2 ( ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The maximum layer thickness of the compensating members formed in the cap 15 is 4 mm. Through the compensating members, it is possible to adapt the thermal expansion coefficients of the connection element 3 to the requirements of the glazing 1 and the welding material 4. The compensating members shaped in hat 15 result in an improved heat flow during the production of the solder connection 4. Heating occurs mainly in the center of the contact surfaces
8. It is possible to further reduce the efflux width b of the weld material 4. Due to the low efflux width b of <1 mm and the adapted expansion coefficient, it is possible to further reduce the thermal stresses in the pane 1.
[0106] Fig. 22 and Fig. 23 represent, in each case, a detail of another alternative embodiment of the glazing according to the present invention with a connecting element 3 in the form of a bridge made of steel of the material number 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta ^® 4509). Each contact surface 8 is shaped like a circular segment with a radius of 3 mm and a central angle of 276 °.
[0107] During the welding process, the heat distribution spreads, starting from the welding points that are arranged on the surfaces of the connecting element opposite to the contact surfaces. The isotherm can, for the case of two point heat sources, be represented, for simplicity purposes, as concentric circles around the welding points. The shape of the surfaces
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31/37 of contact 8 approximates the shape of the heat distribution around the welding points during the welding process. Consequently, only slight temperature differences or none appear along the edges of the contact surfaces during the welding process. This results in uniform casting of the weld material over the entire region of the contact surface between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the adhesion of the connecting element, to shortening the duration of the welding process and to avoid mechanical stresses on the glazing.
[0108] The two contact lugs 14 are arranged on the surface of the connecting element 3 facing away from the substrate 1. The contact lugs 14 contain the same alloy as the connecting element 3. The centers of the contact lugs 14 are arranged vertical to the substrate surface above the circle centers of the two contact surfaces 8. The contact shoulders 14 are shaped like hemispheres and have a height of 2.5 x 10 ^-4 m and a width of 5 x 10 ^-4 m. In alternative embodiments of the invention, each contact shoulder may, for example, be shaped as a segment of a rotational ellipsoid or a rectangular solid with a convexly curved surface facing away from the substrate. The contact shoulders may preferably have a height of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The length and width of the contact shoulders can preferably be between 0.1 and 5 mm, particularly preferable between 0.4 mm and 3 mm. The contact shoulders can be designed as embossing. During the welding process, the welding electrodes are brought into contact with the contact shoulders 14. Preferably, the welding electrodes are used having the flat contact side. The contact region between the electrode surface and the contact shoulder 14 forms the welding point. The position of the welding point is thus preferably determined by the point on the convex surface of the contact shoulder which has the greatest vertical distance from the substrate surface. The position of the welding point is independent of the position of the welding electrode of the connection element. This is particularly advantageous with respect to reproducible heat distribution
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32/37 uniform during the welding process.
[0109] Three spacers 19 are arranged on each of the contact surfaces 8. The spacers 19 are shaped like hemispheres and have a height of 2.5 x 10 ^-4 m and a width of 5 x 10 ^-4 . The spacers 19 contain the same alloy as the connecting element 3. In alternative embodiments of the invention, the spacers can be shaped, for example, as a cube, as a pyramid or as a segment of a rotational ellipsoid. Spacers may preferably have a width of 0.5 x 10 ^-4 m to 10 x 10 ^-4 m and a height of 0.5 x 10 ^-4 m to 5 x 10 ^-4 m, particularly preferable from 1 x 10 ^-4 m to 3 x 10 ^-4 m. Spacers can be designed as reliefs. By means of spacers, the formation of a uniform layer of weld material is favored. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the adhesion of the connecting element.
[0110] Contact lugs 14 and spacers 19 can, in an advantageous embodiment, be formed in one piece with connection element 3. Contact lugs 14 and spacers 19 can, for example, be formed by remodeling of a connecting element 3 with a flat surface in the initial state on the surface, for example, by embossing or deep drawing. In the process, a corresponding notch can be created on the surface of the connecting element 3 opposite the contact shoulder 14 or the spacer 19.
[0111] By means of the contact shoulders 14 and the spacers 19, a homogeneous, uniformly thick and uniformly fused layer of the weld material 4 is obtained. Thus, mechanical stresses between the connecting element 3 and the substrate 1 can be reduced. This is particularly advantageous with the use of lead-free solder materials, which can compensate less for mechanical stresses due to their lower ductility, compared to lead-containing solder materials.
[0112] Fig. 24 represents a plan view of another alternative embodiment of glazing 1 according to the present invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The electrical connection element 3 is designed with an elliptical base surface . The length of the longest axis is 12 mm, the
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33/37 geometric axis length less than 5 mm. The material thickness of the connection element 3 is 0.8 mm. The connecting element 3 is connected across its entire surface to a part of the electrically conductive structure 2 via a contact surface 8.
[0113] Fig. 25 represents a plan view of another alternative embodiment of glazing 1 according to the present invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The connection element 3 is designed as a rectangle, with the two short sides of the rectangle designed as semicircles. The connecting element 3 is 5 mm wide and 14 mm long.
[0114] Fig. 26 represents, in detail, an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the present invention for producing a glazing 1 with an electrical connection element 3. As the first step, the weld material 4 is distributed according to the format and volume. Here, the weld material 4 is rolled up to form a strip with a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 0.38 mm and flat surfaces. The plates of the welding material 4 with a length of 5.5 mm are cut from the strip. The distributed weld material 4 is then arranged via the first contact side 10 on the contact surface 8 of the electrical connection element 3. The recesses 6 are then embedded within the weld material 4 via the contact side 11 of the weld material. 4 facing away from the connecting element
3. Flow 7 is applied to the contact side 11 and, in the process, disposed at least within the recesses 6. The electrical connection element 3 is disposed with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 over the electrically conductive structure 2. A durable connection of the electrical connection element 3 to the electrically conductive structure 2 and thus to the glazing 1 takes place under energy input.
[0115] Fig. 27 represents in detail an exemplary alternative embodiment of the method according to the present invention for producing a glazing 1 with an electrical connection element 3. As the first step, the weld material 4 is distributed in according to the shape and volume in the grooves 6. Here, the weld material 4 is rolled up to form a strip with a width of 3 mm and a thickness of 0.38 mm, with the surface of a projected roll structured
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 40/49
34/37 in such a way that, on a surface of the strip, the recesses are introduced into the weld material 4. Platelets of the weld material 4 with a length of 5.5 mm are cut from the strip. The flow 7 is then applied to the contact side 11, whereby the recesses 6 are introduced into the weld material 4. The weld material distributed 4 with the flow 7 is then arranged on the contact surface 8 of the electrical connection element 3 via the contact side 10. Alternatively, the welding material 4 can be arranged on the contact surface 8 via the contact side 11. The electrical connection element 3 is arranged with the welding material 4 and the flow 7 in the structure electrically conductive 2. A durable connection of the electrical connection element 3 to the electrically conductive structure 2 and thus to the glazing 1 takes place under energy input.
[0116] In an alternative embodiment, the weld material 4 is rolled up to form a strip with flat surfaces, cut into platelets and the recesses 6 are then embedded within the contact side 11 of the platelet.
[0117] In another alternative embodiment, weld material 4 is rolled up to form a strip with recesses on a surface. Flow 7 is disposed at least within the recesses and then platelets of the weld material 4 with flow 7 are cut.
Example [0118] Test specimens were produced using the method according to the present invention of Fig. 26 with a pane 1 (thickness 3 mm, width 150 cm and height 80 cm) with an electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a conductive heating structure, an electrical connection element 3, a silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 of the connection element 3, the welding material 4 with the recesses 6 and the flow 7. The thickness of the material of the connection element connection 3 was 0.8 mm, connection element 3 contained steel of material number 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The electrical connection element, the welding material 4 before the welding process and the recesses 6 were formed according to Figures 2 and 9. The flow was Stannol ^® 400-25. Flow 7 contained rosin and other additives. O
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 41/49
35/37 connection element 3 was applied with solder material 4 and flux 7 in the electrically conductive structure 2. Connection element 3 was welded on the electrically conductive structure 2 at a temperature of 200 ° C and a processing time 2 seconds. The efflux of the weld material 4, the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, which exceeded a layer thickness t of 50 gm, was observed only at a maximum efflux width of b = 0, 4 mm. The dimensions and compositions of the electrical connection element 3, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 of the connection element 3 and the welding material 4 with recesses 6 and flow 7 are found in Table 1. No critical mechanical stresses were observed in the pane 1, due to the arrangement of the welding material 4, predefined by the connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The connection of the pane 1 in the electrical connection element 3, via the electrically conductive structure 2, was permanently stable after welding with welding material 4 and flux 7, in all specimens.
[0119] With all specimens it was possible to observe, with a temperature difference of +80 ° C to -30 ° C, that no glass substrate 1 broke or failed. It was possible to demonstrate that, shortly after welding, these panes 1, with the connecting element 3 welded, were stable against a sudden drop in temperature.
Table 1
Components Material Example Element ofconnection 3 Material steel no. 1.4509 according to EN 10 088-2 with the composition: Iron (% by weight) 78.87Carbon (% by weight) 0.03Chrome (% by weight) 18.5Titanium (% by weight) 0.6Niobium (% by weight) 1Manganese (% by weight) 1CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) (10 ^-6 / ° C to 0 ^O C - 100 ^O C) 10Difference between CTE of the connecting element and substrate (10 ^-6 / ° C to 0 ° C - 100 ° C) 1.7
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 42/49
36/37
Connection element thickness (m) 8.0 x 10 ^-4 Layer ofmoistening 5 Silver (% by weight) 100Layer thickness (m) 7.0 x 10 ^-6 Welding material 4 Iron (% by weight) 42Bismuth (% by weight) 57Silver (% by weight) 1Mass (g) 118 x 10 ^-3 Recesses 6 Depth (m) 2 x 10 ^-4 Flow 7 Stannol® 400-25 Mass (g) 2 x 10 ^-3 Glass substrate 1 (Soda lime glass) CTE (10 ^-6 / ^o C to 0 ^O C - 320 ^O C) 8.3
Comparative Example [0120] The comparative example was performed in the same way as the example. The difference was in the configuration of the welding material 4 before the welding process. No recesses 6 were introduced into the weld material 4. Thus, the flow was not protected against abrasion loss during transport of the connecting element.
[0121] The comparison between the specimens in the example and the comparative specimens demonstrated that, with 80% of the specimens, the stable connection between the connecting element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2 has been improved.
[0122] Glazing produced using the method according to the present invention had better connection stability between an electrical connection element 3 and an electrically conductive structure 2.
[0123] This result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
List of reference characters (1) Glazing (2) Electrically conductive structure
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 43/49
37/37 (3) Electrical connection element (4) Welding material (5) Wetting layer (6) Recess in the welding material 4 (7) Flow (8) Contact surface of connection element 3 (9) Bridge between two contact surfaces 8 (10) First contact side of the welding material 4 (11) Second contact side of the welding material 4 (12) Part of the contact side 11 (13) Part of the contact side 11 (14 ) Contact shoulder (15) Compensating member (16) Indentation of the connecting element 3 (17) Overhang of the weld material 4 (19) Spacer (20) Indentation of the connecting element 3 b Maximum width of the outflow of the welding material t Limiting thickness of the weld material
A-A 'Section line
B-B 'Section line
C-C 'Section line

权利要求:
Claims (17)
[1]
1. Electrical connection element (3) with at least one contact surface (8), comprising:
welding material (4) arranged on a contact surface (8);
at least one recess (6) disposed in the weld material (4); and a flow (7) disposed at least in at least one recess (6);
the electrical connection element (3) being characterized by the fact that the welding material (4) is disposed on the contact surface (8) of the connection element (3) via a contact side (11) that has each recess (6) containing the flow (7), and in which the connecting element (3) is arranged via the weld material (4) over a part of an electrically conductive structure (2) on a substrate.
[2]
Connecting element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element (3) contains at least one ferro-nickel alloy, an ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or an iron alloy -chrome.
[3]
Connection element (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection element (3) contains at least 50% by weight to 75% by weight of iron, 25% by weight to 50% by weight nickel weight, 0% by weight to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight carbon weight, or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese.
[4]
Connecting element (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting element contains at least 50% by weight to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
[5]
Connecting element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the solder material (4) contains tin and a) bismuth,
b) indium, c) zinc, d) copper, e) silver, or metal compositions a) -e), the proportion of
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 45/49
2/3 tin in the solder composition (4) is preferably 3 wt% to 99.5 wt% and the ratio of a) bismuth, b) indium, c) zinc, d) copper, e) silver, or metal compositions a) -e) is preferably from 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight.
[6]
Connection element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection element (3) is coated with nickel, tin, copper and / or silver.
[7]
Connection element (3) according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection element (3) is coated with 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm nickel and / or 3 mm to 20 mm silver.
[8]
Connecting element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that a proportion of flux in a totality of the weld material and flux is from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight.
[9]
Connecting element (3) according to claim 8, characterized in that the proportion of flux in the entire weld material and flux is 0.3% by weight to 4% by weight, preferably 0, 5% by weight to 3% by weight.
[10]
Connection element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one recess (6) is partially or completely filled with the flow (7).
[11]
Connection element (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow (7) is arranged in at least one indentation (16, 20) in a region of the contact surface (8) of the element connection (3).
[12]
12. Use of an electrical connection element (3) as defined in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is to contact electrically conductive structures, preferably conductors of heat and / or conductors of an antenna, in a pane in means of transport for displacement on land, in the air or in the water, in particular in motor vehicles, in buildings, in individual functional and / or decorative pieces.
[13]
13. Method of producing a glass pane with at least one element of
Petition 870180150565, of 11/12/2018, p. 46/49
3/3 electrical connection (3), characterized by the fact that it comprises:
applying a solder material (4) to at least one contact surface (8) of the connecting element (3), the solder material (4) having at least one recess (6) with a flow (7);
arrange the connecting element (3) on the weld material (4) in a part of an electrically conductive structure (2) on a substrate (1), and connect the connecting element (3) to the electrically conductive structure (2) by means of the welding material (4) under heat input;
wherein in the application the weld material (4) is first formed with at least one recess (6), the flow (7) is then disposed at least in at least one recess (6), and the weld material (4) it is then arranged on the contact surface (8) of the connecting element (3) via a contact side that has each recess (6) containing the flow.
[14]
Method according to claim 13, characterized in that a part (12) of a contact side (11), through which a recess (6) is inserted into the weld material (4), is formed a) as a rectangle, b) as an oval, c) as an ellipse, d) as a circle, or combinations of a) -d).
[15]
Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the flux is applied as a solution in the weld material, and the flux solution contains at least 50% by weight to 95% by weight of solvent, 0% in weight at 30% by weight of rosin, 0% by weight at 5% by weight of dicarboxylic acids, 0% by weight at 8% by weight of terpenes, and 0% by weight at 7% by weight of solvent naphtha.
[16]
16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that 50% by weight to 95% by weight of solvent is alcohol, preferably propan-2ol or ethanol.
[17]
17. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that 0% by weight to 8% by weight of terpenes are orange terpenes.

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法律状态:
2018-08-14| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

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2018-12-11| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-04-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2019-06-18| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP11172484|2011-07-04|

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PCT/EP2012/059950|WO2013004434A1|2011-07-04|2012-05-29|Method for producing a pane having an electrical connection element|

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