• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ELECTRICAL ARCHITECTURE FOR DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY TO SUBMARINE EQUIPMENT The object of the present invention refers to an electrical architecture (100, 200) for distribution of energy to subsea equipment (C, P) comprising at least one directional module with variable speed, VSD (110, 210), wherein said at least one VSD module (110, 210) comprises at least one self-switching line side converter (111, 211), including the power semiconductor (SC).
    公开号:BR112013030665B1
    申请号:R112013030665-3
    申请日:2012-05-31
    公开日:2021-01-19
    发明作者:Edouard Thibaut；Henri Baerd
    申请人:Total Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    The present invention relates to electrical power supply devices for subsea applications, such as compression and pumping applications. More specifically, the present invention relates to apparatus for supplying alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrical power to subsea environments.
    Even more specifically, the present invention proposes new electrical architectures for compression and pumping applications, including the supply of surface AC, via a very long undersea cable, to subsea production fields that include subsea processing units with pump and equipment. compressor. BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNIQUE
    With today's oil and gas fields rapidly depleting, and discoveries of easily extractable offshore oil and gas resources becoming increasingly rare, subsea processing equipment is the focus of an extensive development direction. Subsea processing equipment is an attractive option for remote fields, deep waters and difficult upper side environments such as locations in the Arctic, Gulf of Mexico or Persian Gulf, as this technology can maximize the recovery of offshore resources and help maintain the level of extraction for as long as possible.
    As a result, the trend in the offshore oil and gas industry is moving further and further away from floating platforms or ships, and is heading towards remote fields developed from the coast. This, in turn, creates the need to develop highly reliable submarine transmission, distribution and energy conversion systems for deployment over long distances and in deep waters.
    However, underwater locations present challenges, since electrical equipment will often be out of reach for direct human intervention; this equipment, for example, is often installed on the seabed at depths that reach 2500 or 3000 meters. In this way, the electrical equipment depends on vehicles with remote operation (ROV) and intervention ships for maintenance operations.
    Submarine electrical equipment must therefore have high reliability and, consequently, the equipment is generally designed for an operating life of around twenty years, with maintenance intervals of around five years.
    To achieve this high reliability, compact modular designs are generally employed that have a minimum number of subsea interfaces. These features increase reliability and facilitate installation and recovery, without the need for heavy-duty ships and cranes.
    Unlike onshore transmission, distribution and conversion systems, which are often based on a ring system that facilitates fault isolation, subsea transmission, distribution and conversion systems are typically point-to-point connections with a single transmission link. This is especially true for long offshore trips, where the use of a ring system would be impracticable, mainly due to the excessive cost of the necessary electrical cable. The use of a point-to-point connection, however, increases the need for systems with high reliability and availability.
    Electricity consumption for subsea distribution and its energy needs tend to vary widely. Consumption can include subsea control module (SCM), electric heating, subsea pumps and subsea compressors and the combined load can range from a few kW to more than 50 MW. Therefore, subsea applications are required to have appropriate electricity transmission and distribution architectures that meet the restrictions mentioned above to deliver these loads.
    AC transmission is the main choice for electric power transmission in the subsea industry: it offers the possibility to easily increase or reduce the voltage through a transformer. It also allows the transport of high voltage electrical energy, in order to reduce losses and achieve more efficient transmission. Underwater electrical transmission by AC is based on proven technologies that are well known, standard and mature. An additional advantage is the fact that it allows easy isolation of a defective subsystem by means of a circuit breaker without paralyzing the entire system.
    AC transmission, however, also has a number of disadvantages that limit its subsea use for long distances and subsea applications with energy-intensive use. Its disadvantages include high voltage variations between unloaded and fully charged mode and the risks of reactive power generation and resonance by the submarine cable. AC transmission is typically limited to 120 kilometers to 70 MVA at 50 Hz.
    Alternative solutions can be adopted to mitigate or reduce some of these disadvantages and extend the application of submarine AC transmission lines for long distances. One is the use of a frequency of 16 2/3 Hz in an architecture typically limited to 200 kilometers at 70 MVA.
    Subsea power distribution is often carried out using components that include gear shifting to allow the provision of on / off functionality to the load (s) and also to provide insulation or protection functionality.
    Submarine energy conversion is usually achieved using auxiliary power sources and variable speed drives (VSD).
    For a development that includes subsea pumping and compression, a dedicated VSD that powers the compressor and the pump will be positioned on the top side or in an underwater location, depending on the mooring distance. Top side VSD benefits from the convenience of greatly reducing the amount of equipment that needs to be installed underwater.
    With this installation, however, the maximum cable length is limited, for technical reasons, such as for controlling an engine by means of a long cable.
    In this way, an upper side VSD can only be used for small stations close to the coast and the approximate limit of the mooring distance is 125 kilometers for a 2.7 MW submarine pump and 60 kilometers for a 10 MW submarine compressor. For longer routes, the VSD needs to be placed underwater.
    Figure 1 illustrates a classic electrical architecture for subsea pumping and compression applications known in the art. As illustrated, this architecture is based on the use of the following electrical equipment:
    A top-side augmentation transformer 10 that can optionally be associated with a static variable compensator (SVC) to absorb reactive energy generated by the electric submarine cable. The top-side augmentation transformer 10 receives electricity from an external source (not shown), which can be, for example, an onshore electric generator. The top-side augmentation transformer 10 is electrically connected to a cord 11 that includes the submarine electrical cable. The strand 11 transmits electrical energy from the top side boost transformer 10 from above sea level 9 to a reduction drive transformer 12 located below sea level 9. The reduction transformer 12 receives power from the string 11 and converts the voltage supplied at a voltage suitable for distribution to subsea electrical equipment. The reduction transformer 12 is pressure compensated and supplies electrical power to a circuit breaker module 13 via wet-fit or dry-fit interfaces.
    Circuit breaker module 13 distributes electrical power to an underwater load 15 via an underwater VSD module 14 and an underwater transformer 16. One circuit breaker is present for each load 15. Each circuit breaker protects the circuit below in the flow in the event of a defect and may include a pre-charge circuit to pre-charge the DC terminal of the VSD and the VSD 16 transformers, in order to reduce the input current.
    The submarine VSD module 14 uses a Passive Diode 17 (DFE) Front End rectifier. The VSD 14 module houses the electronic power circuit for the variable speed function. The connections between the VSD module 14 and the load 15 are made by means of dry and wet fitting interfaces. Transformer 16 of the VSD module 14 provides power at the required level (voltage and phase switching with multi-winding transformers) for conventional variable frequency drives with the DFE rectifier. In the illustrated example, load 15 is an underwater compressor and a pump. Not illustrated in Figure 1, this architecture can also comprise: a low voltage auxiliary power source (LV) and possibly an uninterruptible power source (UPS). A wet-fit interface interconnect between the circuit breaker module, VSD transformers, auxiliary LV and UPS.
    The electrical architecture described above has many disadvantages and is not entirely suitable for subsea applications.
    Many of the different components, for example, are not accessible to humans (as they would be in air) and part of the electrical equipment will also be subjected to conditions of high ambient pressure.
    Underwater use of “classic” VSD with DFE rectifier can also result in harmonic injection into the electrical grid above the flow. These harmonics can, in turn, cause excessive temperature rise, instability, excessive voltage and vibration of electrical equipment. To mitigate these effects, harmonic filtering can be used. The implementation of this filtering will tend, however, to result in an increase in the volume and / or weight of the submarine ships used for the equipment.
    The configuration of a multi-winding transformer also requires the use of several connections between the VSD and its transformer. This is problematic for subsea applications, as reliability is often very dependent on the number of electrical connections. In addition, due to the use of a DFE rectifier, any voltage variation in the submarine terminal bar has a direct impact on the voltage of the submarine VSD DC terminal and, therefore, on the voltage available to drive the motor and on the voltage of the components distribution and transmission.
    The use of separate circuit breaker modules increases the number of subsea vessels and also the number of penetrators and connectors.
    In addition, the use of separate VSD transformer modules, which are mainly necessary for several pulse rectifiers, also increases the number of subsea vessels, as well as the number of penetrators and connectors.
    Thus, the electrical architecture described above is not suitable for subsea applications and it is the object of the present invention to eliminate or mitigate at least some of the problems described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrical energy distribution architecture for subsea equipment, such as compressors and / or pumps.
    According to the first aspect, the electrical architecture comprises at least one variable speed steering module which comprises at least one self-switching line side converter.
    The at least one self-switching line side converter is a converter in which at least one semiconductor uses self-switching. The purpose of the self-switching line side converter is to rectify from AC to DC.
    Preferably, the at least one self-switched line side converter is an Active Front End Rectifier (AFE) architecture. It preferably comprises at least six energy semiconductors.
    By eliminating the subsea VSD diode rectifier and its associated subsea transformer, replacing them with AFE rectifier architecture, the number of connectors / penetrators and the number of subsea modules can both be reduced.
    In some embodiments, the self-switching line side converter employs power semiconductors, which are connected directly to the terminal bar by means of a circuit breaker. In this way, this specific arrangement reduces the number of subsea modules and associated connections.
    In some embodiments, the self-switching line side converter comprises at least six energy semiconductors such as transistors or thyristors.
    In this way, conveniently, this architecture allows the absorption of reactive energy resulting from the use of a long electrical cable above the flow. The ability to control the voltage level at an undersea connection point can be achieved.
    As a result, there is less disturbance on the directed loads, as the voltage of the DC terminal of VSD can be kept constant and not subject to voltage variations from the above energy source in the flow. The permanent control of the power factor also allows the optimization of the transmission line (optical cable). It allows the reduction of the size, weight and cost of the electric cable, since part of the cable charging current is now consumed underwater by the AFE rectifier.
    In some embodiments, each self-switching line side converter comprises at least one transistor rectifier. Conveniently, energy semiconductors are isolated bipolar portal transistors, also called IGBT.
    In alternative embodiments, each self-switching line side converter comprises at least one thyristor rectifier. Conveniently, energy semiconductors are integrated portal controlled thyristors, also called IGCT.
    Conveniently, each side converter of self-switching line has rated voltage that is greater than or equal to 230 V, preferably more than 3 kV.
    Conveniently, the at least one variable speed drive module may comprise a pre-charge circuit to reduce the input current and charge the DC terminal of the VSD module.
    In some embodiments, the electrical architecture may comprise a terminal bar and a transformer.
    Preferably, in these realizations, each self-switching side converter is connected directly to the terminal bar by means of a circuit breaker and without any subsea transformer between the transformer and the VSD module.
    Preferably, the at least one variable speed steering module comprises at least one built-in circuit breaker and without any subsea transformer between the transformer and the VSD module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Figure 1 illustrates an electrical energy distribution architecture known in the art. Figure 2 illustrates an electrical architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 illustrates an electrical architecture according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    Two preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to Figures 2 and 3 attached.
    The present invention is intended to provide AC or DC electrical power for subsea applications. In this way, the present invention proposes new electrical architectures 100 and 200 for compression and pumping applications, including the supply of surface AC, via a very long submarine cable, to subsea production fields that include subsea pump processing units. and compressor equipment.
    Figure 2 illustrates an electrical architecture 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Electrical architecture 100 is configured to supply power to subsea equipment and, as illustrated in the figure, the equipment is a C compressor and a P pump. Those skilled in the art will recognize that these are mere examples of subsea electrical equipment for which the present invention it can be configured to supply electrical energy and should not be construed as limiting. In addition, although two subsea equipment are illustrated, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can also be configured to provide electrical power for a greater or lesser amount of equipment.
    As shown in Figure 2, electrical energy is received from a remote source located above the sea surface (upper side) via a cord 11. This cord 11 can be an electrical cable for submarine electricity supply known in the art. The electrical energy from the cord 11 is fed to a transformer 12.
    Electric power from transformer 12 is fed to a terminal bar BB for final distribution to loads C, P. The terminal bar BB comprises electrical conductors that are connected to each load C, P by means of a CB circuit breaker. In this way, electrical energy can be transferred from transformer 12 to each of the loads C, P if the corresponding CB circuit breaker is in the closed position. If a CB circuit breaker is in the open position, the corresponding load is electrically isolated from the electrical power source.
    Two LV auxiliaries are also connected to the BB terminal bar. Each auxiliary LV is connected to the BB bus terminal by means of a circuit breaker. In this way, if power from an LV auxiliary is required, the corresponding circuit breaker can be closed, in order to transfer electrical energy to the BB terminal bar. Those skilled in the art will recognize that LV auxiliaries are not essential to the operation of the described embodiment. In addition, although two LV auxiliaries are illustrated, the architecture can work equally with a greater or lesser number of LV auxiliaries. LV auxiliaries are connected to the BB bus terminal using a transformer.
    Each LV auxiliary is housed in a 130 water resistant shelter.
    The BB terminal bar is also housed in a water resistant housing 120 that can be pressure compensated or not pressure compensated.
    The power of the terminal bar BB is supplied for each load C, P via a VSD 110 module.
    As shown in Figure 2, each VSD 110 module includes a PC pre-charge circuit. Those skilled in the art will recognize the function and composition of this circuit and, therefore, its full description will be omitted at this point. It is sufficient to note that the circuit used in this way can act to reduce the input current.
    The housing of the VDS modules can be pressure compensated or not compensated.
    The active self-switching line side converter located at 111 includes a series of SC power semiconductors.
    Thus, by adopting the architecture described above, the number of connectors / penetrators and the number of subsea modules are reduced compared to architectures known in the state of the art. This is achieved because the VSD transformer was eliminated by using the Active Front End (AFE) rectifier architecture. System reliability is generally improved by reducing the number of subsea modules and connectors / penetrators.
    Using an active Front End VSD, it is also possible to absorb reactive energy resulting from the use of an electrical cable above in the long flow. Consequently, the voltage level at the submarine connection point can also be controlled. As a result, the realization provides an architecture in which less disturbances will be present on the directed loads, as the voltage of the VSD DC terminal can now be maintained at constant voltage, instead of being subjected to the voltage variation of the above power source in the flow.
    Permanent control of the power factor also provides a means of optimizing the transmission line (electrical cable). It also allows the reduction of the size, weight and cost of the electric cable, since part of the cable charging current is now consumed underwater by the AFE rectifier.
    On the other hand, for architectures known in the state of the art, the entire cable charging current travels along the cable for onshore consumption. Thus, state-of-the-art architectures require a comparatively higher current, which requires larger size, weight and higher cost of the electric cable compared to the architecture described in the present.
    The architecture described in the present also allows the simplification of the CB circuit switch module, which does not need to include a pre-loading system, as this is now part of the VSD module. Consequently, by employing an AFE rectifier, the harmonic current pollution by the submarine VSD is also reduced compared to VSD with DFE rectifier.
    Figure 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention in which an alternative electrical architecture 200 for power distribution for subsea equipment such as a C compressor or a P pump is illustrated.
    As illustrated in Figure 3, electrical energy is received from a remote source located above the sea surface (upper side) via a cord 11. This cord 11 can be an electrical cable for submarine electricity supply known in the art. The electrical energy from the cord 11 is fed to a transformer 12.
    The electrical energy of transformer 12 is fed to the C, P loads through a VSD 210 module. Each C, P load has a dedicated VSD module 210. The VSD 210 modules are similar in construction to those described above with respect to Figure 2. The VSD 210 modules in the present embodiment additionally comprise, however, a BICB circuit breaker.
    In this way, electrical energy can be transferred from transformer 12 to each of the loads C, P if the corresponding CB circuit breaker is in the closed position. If a CB circuit breaker is in the open position, the corresponding load is electrically isolated from the electrical power source.
    Also connected to transformer 12 are auxiliary LV. The LV auxiliaries are similar in construction to those described above with respect to Figure 2. Each additionally comprises, however, a BICB circuit breaker. Thus, if power from an LV auxiliary is required, the corresponding BICB circuit breaker can be closed, in order to transfer electrical energy to the transformer 12. As indicated above with respect to Figure 2, the technicians in the subject will recognize that the auxiliaries LV are not essential for the operation of the described realization. In addition, although two LV auxiliaries are illustrated, the architecture can work equally with a greater or lesser number of LV auxiliaries.
    Each LV helper is housed in a water resistant shelter 130, as discussed above with respect to Figure 2.
    As discussed above with reference to Figure 2, the VSD 210 module includes a PC pre-charge circuit. The nature and function of the present circuit are essentially the same as indicated above with respect to Figure 2. Again, the VSD modules are housed in water resistant shelters.
    As the architecture of the second embodiment eliminates the need for the BB terminal bar, the architecture is further simplified from that described in the first embodiment. As there are fewer subsea modules in this second realization compared to the first realization, the system's reliability will be broadly increased.
    While those that are currently considered to be preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, those skilled in the art will understand that several other modifications can be made and equivalents can be substituted, without departing from the true scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a specific situation to the teachings of the present invention without abandoning the central concept of the present invention described herein. In addition, an embodiment of the present invention may not include all of the features described above. It is intended, therefore, that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described, but that the present invention includes all embodiments that fall within the scope of the present invention as broadly defined above. In particular, the achievements described above can be combined.
    Terms such as "understand", "include", "incorporate", "contain", "be" and "have" must be interpreted in a non-exclusive way when interpreting the specification and its associated claims, namely interpreted to allow the presence of other items or components that are not explicitly defined. Reference to the singular should also be interpreted as reference to the plural and vice versa.
    Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the various parameters described in this specification can be modified and that the various embodiments described can be combined without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    It is determined that the reference signs in the claims do not limit the scope of the claims, but are merely inserted to increase the readability of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    1. SUBMARINE INSTALLATION (100, 200) FOR ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FOR SUBMARINE EQUIPMENT (C, P), the underwater installation characterized by comprising a transformer, receiving AC from the surface a plurality of VSD modules with variable speed (110, 210) , wherein each VSD module (110, 210) comprises at least one active front end rectifier comprising at least one semiconductor for rectifying AC to DC, and a terminal bar, distributing transformed AC from the transformer to the plurality of VSD modules, where each AFE rectifier has a nominal voltage greater than 3kV and is directly connected to the terminal bar via a circuit breaker and without any VSD transformer between the transformer and the VSD module.
    [0002]
    2. SUBMARINE INSTALLATION (100, 200), according to claim 1, characterized in that each AFE rectifier includes at least six energy semiconductors (SC).
    [0003]
    SUBMARINE INSTALLATION (100, 200), according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each energy semiconductor (SC) is a transistor or thyristor.
    [0004]
    SUBMARINE INSTALLATION (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one variable speed steering module (110, 210) additionally comprises a pre-loading circuit (PC) to reduce the input current.
    [0005]
    5. ELECTRICAL ARCHITECTURE (200), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises a transformer (12), wherein the at least one variable speed steering module (110, 210) additionally comprises at least a built-in circuit breaker (BICB) and without any underwater transformer between the transformer (12) and the VSD module (110, 210).
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-11-05| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-11-24| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 31/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    US201161492280P| true| 2011-06-01|2011-06-01|
    US61/492,280|2011-06-01|
    US61/492,285|2011-06-01|
    PCT/EP2012/060267|WO2012164029A2|2011-06-01|2012-05-31|Subsea electrical architectures|
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