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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD FOR BITS ALLOCATION, COMPUTER-READABLE PERMANENT RECORDING MEDIA, BITS ALLOCATION DEVICE, AUDIO ENCODING DEVICE, AND AUDIO DECODING DEVICE. A method for bit allocation is provided which includes determining the allocated number of bits in decimal point units, based on each frequency band, for a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of a spectrum existing in a frequency band predetermined is maximized within a band of the allowable number of bits for a given frame; and adjusting the allowable number of bits, based on each frequency band.
    公开号:BR112013029347B1
    申请号:R112013029347-0
    申请日:2012-05-14
    公开日:2021-05-11
    发明作者:Mi-young Kim；Anton Porov；Eun-mi Oh
    申请人:Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Domain
    (0001) Apparatus, devices and articles of manufacture compatible with the present disclosure relate to encoding and decoding audio and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for efficiently allocating bits to an area of noticeably important frequencies, based on subbands , a method and apparatus for encoding audio, a method and apparatus for decoding audio, a recording media and a multimedia device employing the same. Previous Technique
    (0002) When an audio signal is encoded or decoded, it is necessary to efficiently use a limited number of bits to restore an audio signal having the best sound quality in a limited number of bits range. In particular, at a low bit rate, a technique of encoding and decoding an audio signal is needed to uniformly allocate bits to noticeably important spectral components, rather than concentrating the bits in a specific frequency area.
    (0003) In particular, at a low bit rate, when encoding is performed with bits allocated to each frequency band as a subband, a spectral hole may be generated due to a frequency component, which is not encoded by cause of an insufficient number of bits, thus resulting in a decrease in sound quality. Disclosure of the Invention Technical problem
    (0004) One aspect is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently allocating bits to an area of noticeably important frequencies based on subbands, a method and apparatus for encoding audio, a method and apparatus for decoding audio, a recording media, and a multimedia device employing the same.
    (0005) Another aspect is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently allocating bits to an area of noticeably important frequencies with a low complexity based on subbands, a method and apparatus for encoding audio, a method and apparatus for decoding audio , a recording medium and a multimedia device employing the same. Solution to Problem
    (0006) In accordance with an aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, a method for bit allocation comprising: determining the allocated number of bits in decimal point units, based on each frequency band, for which a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a spectrum existing in a predetermined frequency band is maximized within a range of the allowable number of bits for a given frame; and adjust the allocated number of bits, based on each frequency band.
    (0007) According to another aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, there is provided an apparatus for bit allocation comprising: a transformation unit that transforms an audio signal in a time domain, in an audio spectrum into a frequency domain; and a bit allocation unit that estimates the allowable number of bits in decimal point units using a masking threshold based on frequency bands included in a given audio spectrum frame, estimates the allocated number of bits in dotted units decimal using spectral energy, and adjusts the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits.
    (0008) In accordance with another aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, an apparatus for audio coding is provided, including: a transformation unit that transforms an audio signal in a time domain into an audio spectrum in a frequency domain; a bit allocation unit that determines the allocated number of bits in decimal point units based on each frequency band, so that a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a spectrum existing in a predetermined frequency band is maximized within a range of the allowable number of bits for a given audio spectrum frame, and adjusts the determined allocated number of bits based on each frequency band; and an encoding unit that encodes the audio spectrum using the adjusted number of bits based on each frequency band and spectral energy.
    (0009) According to another aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, an apparatus for audio decoding is provided, comprising: a transformation unit that transforms an audio signal in a time domain, into an audio spectrum in a frequency domain; a bit allocation unit that determines the allocated number of bits in decimal point units, based on each frequency band, so that a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a spectrum existing in a predetermined frequency band is maximized within from a range of the allowable number of bits for a given audio spectrum frame, and adjusts the determined allocated number of bits based on each frequency band; and an encoding unit, which encodes the audio spectrum using the adjusted number of bits based on each frequency band and spectral energy.
    (0010) According to another aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, an apparatus for audio decoding is provided, comprising: a bit allocation unit, which estimates the allowable number of bits in decimal point units using a threshold masking based on frequency bands included in a given frame, estimates the allocated number of bits in units with decimal point using spectral energy, and adjusts the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits; a decoding unit that decodes an audio spectrum included in a bit stream using the adjusted number of bits based on each frequency band and spectral energy; and an inverse transformation unit that transforms the decoded audio spectrum into an audio signal, in a time domain. Brief Description of Drawings
    (0011) The above aspects and others will become more evident, describing their exemplary embodiments in detail, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
    (0012) Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for audio encoding, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0013) Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a unit for allocating bits in the apparatus for audio coding of Fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0014) Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a unit for allocating bits in the apparatus for audio coding of Fig. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0015) Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a unit for allocating bits in the apparatus for audio coding of Fig. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0016) Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a coding unit in the apparatus for audio coding of Fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0017) Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for audio coding, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0018) Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for audio decoding, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0019) Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a unit for bit allocation in the apparatus for audio decoding of Fig. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (002) Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a decoding unit in the apparatus for audio decoding of Fig. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0021) Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a decoding unit in the apparatus for audio decoding of Fig. 7, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0022) Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a decoding unit in the apparatus for audio decoding of Fig. 7, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0023) Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an apparatus for audio decoding according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0024) Fig. 13 is a block diagram of an apparatus for audio decoding according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0025) Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0026) Fig. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0027) Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0028) Fig. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment;
    (0029) Fig. 18 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including an encoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment;
    (0030) Fig. 19 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including a decoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment; and
    (0031) Fig. 20 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including an encoding module and a decoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment. Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
    (0032) The current inventive concept may allow for various types of change or modification and various changes in format, and specific exemplary embodiments will be illustrated in drawings and described in detail in the descriptive report. However, it should be clear that the specific exemplary embodiments do not limit the present inventive concept to a specific format of disclosure, but include each equivalent, modified or substituted format within the spirit and technical scope of the current inventive concept. In the following description, known functions or constructions are not described in detail, as they would obscure the invention with unnecessary detail.
    (0033) Although terms such as 'first' and 'second' can be used to describe various elements, elements cannot be limited by terms. Terms can be used to classify a certain element from another element.
    (0034) The terminology used in the Application is used only to describe specific exemplary embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present inventive concept in any way. Although general terms, as currently widely used as possible, are selected as the terms used in the present inventive concept, while taking into account functions in the present inventive concept, they may vary, according to an intention of those of ordinary skill in the art, preceding or the emergence of new technologies. Furthermore, in specific cases, terms intentionally selected by the applicant may be used, and in this case, the meaning of the terms will be disclosed in the corresponding description of the invention. In this sense, the terms used in the present inventive concept should be defined, not by simple term names, but by the meaning of the terms and the content about the current inventive concept.
    (0035) A singular expression includes a plural expression unless they are clearly different from each other in one context. In the Order, it should be understood that terms such as 'include' and 'have' are used to indicate the existence of an implemented resource, number, step, operation, element, part, or a combination of them, without precluding the possibility of existence or addition of one or more features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, additional parts, or combinations thereof.
    (0036) Hereinafter, the present inventive concept will be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. Similar reference numbers in the drawings denote similar elements and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.
    (0037) As used herein, expressions such as 'at least one of', when preceded by a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements, and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
    (0038) Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an audio coding apparatus 100, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
    (0039) The audio encoding apparatus 100 of Fig. 1 may include a transforming unit 130, a bit allocation unit 150, an encoding unit 170, and a multiplexing unit 190. audio 100 can be integrated with at least one module, and implemented by at least one processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)). Here, audio may indicate an audio signal, a voice signal, or a signal obtained by synthesizing it, but henceforth, audio generally indicates an audio signal, for convenience of description.
    (0040) Referring to Fig. 1, the transformation unit 130 can generate an audio spectrum by transforming an audio signal in a time domain into an audio signal in a frequency domain. Time-domain-to-frequency-domain transformation can be performed using several known methods such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT).
    (0041) Bit allocation unit 150 can determine an obtained masking threshold, using spectral energy or a psycho-acoustic model with respect to the audio spectrum and the allocated number of bits based on each subband, using the energy spectral. Here, a subband is a sample grouping unit of the audio spectrum and can be of uniform length, or non-uniform length, reflecting a threshold band. When subbands have non-uniform lengths, the subbands can be determined so that the number of samples from a starting sample to a last sample included in each subband gradually increases per frame. Here, the number of subbands or the number of samples included in each subframe can be determined in advance. Alternatively, after a frame is divided into a predetermined number of subbands having a uniform length, the uniform length can be adjusted, according to the distribution of the spectral coefficients. The distribution of the spectral coefficients can be determined using a measure of spectral flatness, a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value, or a differential value from the maximum value.
    (0042) According to an exemplary embodiment, the bit allocation unit 150 can estimate an allowable number of bits, using a normative value obtained based on each subband, i.e. average spectral energy, allocate based bits in the average spectral energy, and limit the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits.
    (0043) According to an exemplary embodiment, the bit allocation unit 150 can estimate an allowable number of bits, using a psycho-acoustic model based on each subband, allocate bits based on the average spectral energy, and limit the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits.
    (0044) The encoding unit 170 can generate information about an encoded spectrum, by lossless quantization and encoding of the audio spectrum, based on the finally determined allocated number of bits based on each subband.
    (0045) The multiplexing unit 190 generates a bit stream by multiplexing the encoded normative value provided by the bit allocation unit 150 and the encoded spectrum information provided by the encoding unit 170.
    (0046) Audio decoding apparatus 100 can generate a noise level for an optional subband and provide the noise level for an audio decoding apparatus (700 of Fig. 7, 1200 of Fig. 12, or 1300 of Fig. 12 of Fig. 13).
    (0047) Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a bit allocation unit 200 corresponding to bit allocation unit 150 in the audio encoding apparatus 100 of Fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (0048) The bit allocation unit 200 of Fig. 2 may include a normative estimator 210, a normative encoder 230, and a bit estimator and allocator 250. The components of the bit allocation unit 200 may be integrated with at least the a module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (0049) Referring to Fig. 2, the normative estimator 210 can obtain a normative value corresponding to the average spectral energy, based on each subband. For example, the normative value can be calculated by Equation 1 applied in ITU-T G.719, but it is not limited thereto.
    (0050) MathFigure 1 [Math. 1]

    (0051) In Equation 1, when P subbands or subsectors exist in a frame, N(p) denotes a normative value of a pa subband or subsector, Lp denotes a length of the pa subband or subsector, ie , the number of samples or spectral coefficients, sp and ep denote an initial sample and a last sample of the pa subband, respectively, and y(k) denotes a sample size or a spectral coefficient (ie energy).
    (0052) The normative value obtained on the basis of each subband can be provided to the encoding unit (170 of Fig. 1).
    (0053) Normative encoder 230 can losslessly quantize and encode the obtained normative value, based on each subband. The quantized normative value based on each subband, or the normative value obtained by dequantizing the quantized normative value, can be provided to the 250 bit estimator and allocator. The lossless encoded quantized normative value, based on each sub -band, can be supplied to the multiplexing unit (190 of Fig. 1).
    (0054) Bit estimator and allocator 250 can estimate and allocate a required number of bits using the normative value. Preferably, the dequantized normative value can be used, so that an encoding part and a decoding part can use the same bit estimation and allocation process. In this case, an adjusted normative value can be used, taking into account a masking effect. For example, the normative value can be adjusted using psycho-acoustic weighting applied in ITU-T G.719, as in Equation 2, but it is not limited to it.
    (0055) MathFigure 2 [Math. two]
    (0056) In Equation 2,
    (0057) denotes a quantized normative value index of the pa subband, l(p)
    (0058) denotes an index of an adjusted normative value of the pa subband, and H ’Spe(p )
    (0059) denotes a shift spectrum for adjusting the normative value.
    (0060) Bit estimator and allocator 250 can calculate a masking threshold, using the normative value based on each subband, and estimate a perceptibly needed number of bits using the masking threshold. To do this, the normative value obtained on the basis of each subband can be equally represented as spectral energy in units of dB, as shown in Equation 3. MathFigure 3 [Math. 3]

    (0061) Several known methods can be used as a method of obtaining the masking limit, using spectral energy. That is, the masking threshold is a value corresponding to the Minimum Noticeable Distortion (JND), and when a quantizing noise is less than the masking threshold, perceptible noise cannot be perceived. Thus, a minimum number of bits needed to not notice the perceptible noise can be calculated using the masking threshold. For example, a signal-to-mask ratio (SMR) can be calculated, using a ratio between the normative value and the masking threshold based on each subband, and the number of bits that satisfy the masking threshold can be estimated, through a ratio of 6.025 dB = 1 bit, with respect to the calculated SMR. Although the estimated number of bits is the minimum number of bits needed to miss the noticeable noise, since there is no need to use more than the estimated number of bits in terms of compression, the estimated number of bits can be considered as a maximum allowable number of bits based on each subband (hereinafter, an allowable number of bits). The allowable number of bits of each subband can be represented in decimal point units.
    (0062) Bit estimator and allocator 250 can perform bit allocation in decimal point units, using the normative value based on each subband. In this case, bits are allocated sequentially from a subband having a higher normative value than the others, and it can be adjusted that more bits are allocated to a noticeably important subband by weighting, according to the perceived importance of each subband in relation to the normative value, based on each subband. The importance of perception can be determined through, for example, psycho-acoustic weighting, as in ITU-T G.719.
    (0063) Bit estimator and allocator 250 can sequentially allocate bits to samples of a subband having a normative value greater than the others. In other words, first, bits per sample are allocated to a subband having the maximum normative value, and a priority of the subband having the maximum normative value is changed, decreasing the normative value of the subband by predetermined units , so bits are allocated to another subband. This process is performed repeatedly, until the total number B of allowable bits in the given frame is clearly allocated.
    (0064) Bit estimator and allocator 250 can finally determine the allocated number of bits, limiting the allocated number of bits not to exceed the estimated number of bits, ie the allowable number of bits, for each subband. For all subbands, the allocated number of bits is compared with the estimated number of bits, and if the allocated number of bits is greater than the estimated number of bits, the allocated number of bits is limited to the estimated number of bits. If the allocated number of bits of all subbands in the given frame, which is obtained as a result of limiting the number of bits, is less than the total number B of allowable bits in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference may be evenly distributed for all sub-bands or not evenly distributed, according to the importance of perception.
    (0065) Since the allocated number of bits for each subband can be determined in decimal point units and limited to the allowable number of bits, a total number of bits of a given frame can be efficiently distributed.
    (0066) According to an exemplary embodiment, a detailed method of estimating and allocating the number of bits needed for each subband is as follows. According to this method, since the allocated number of bits for each subband can be determined at once, without repeating multiple times, the complexity can be reduced.
    (0067) For example, a solution, which can optimize the quantization distortion and the allocated number of bits for each subband, can be obtained by applying a Lagrange function represented by Equation 4.
    (0068) MathFigure 4 [Math. 4] L = D 1 ( ∑ V/;A. - J
    (0069) In Equation 4, L denotes the Lagrange function, D denotes quantization distortion, B denotes the total number of bits allowed in the given frame, Nb denotes the number of samples of a subband b, and Lb denotes o allocated number of bits for subband b. That is, NbLb denotes the allocated number of bits for the b subband. denotes the Lagrange multiplier being an optimization coefficient.
    (0070) Using Equation 4, Lb, to minimize a difference between the total number of bits allocated to the subbands included in the given frame and the allowable number of bits for the given frame, it can be determined, taking into account the distortion of quantization.
    (0071) The quantization distortion D can be defined by Equation 5. MathFigure 5 [Math. 5]

    (0072) In Equation 5,
    (0073) denotes an input spectrum, and -V,
    (0074) denotes a decoded spectrum. That is, the quantization distortion D can be defined as a root mean square error (MSE) in relation to the input spectrum
    (0075) and the decoded spectrum
    (0076) in an arbitrary frame.
    (0077) The denominator in Equation 5 is a constant value, determined by a given input spectrum, and in that sense, since the denominator in Equation 5 does not affect optimization, Equation 7 can be simplified by Equation 6. MathFigure 6 [Math. 6]

    (0078) A normative value
    (0079) which is the average spectral energy of the b subband with respect to the input spectrum
    (0080) can be defined by Equation 7, a normative value ftb
    (0081) quantized by a log scale can be defined by Equation 8, and a dequantized normative value Sb
    (0082) can be defined by Equation 9. MathFigure 7 [Math. 7]
    MathFigure 8 [Math. 8]

    (0083) In Equation 7, sb and eb denote an initial sample and a last sample of the bth subband, respectively.
    (0084) A normalized spectrum yi is generated by dividing the input spectrum
    (0085) by the dequantized normative value
    (0086) as in Equation 10, and a decoded spectrum -v,
    (0087) is generated by multiplying a restored normalized spectrum
    (0088) by the dequantized normative value
    (0089) as in Equation 11.

    (0090) The term quantization distortion can be organized by Equation 12, using Equations 9 to 11.

    (0091) Normally, from a relationship between the quantization distortion and the allocated number of bits, it is defined that a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases by 6.02 dB whenever 1 bit per sample is added and, using this, the quantization distortion of the normalized spectrum can be defined by Equation 13.

    (0092) In case of real audio coding, Equation 14 can be defined by applying a scaling value C in dB, which can vary according to the characteristics of the signal, without fixing the 1 bit/sample ratio = 6.025 dB. MathFigure 14 [Math. 14]

    (0093) In Equation 14, when C is 2, 1 bit/sample corresponds to 6.02 dB and when C is 3, 1 bit/sample corresponds to 9.03 dB.
    (0094) Thus, Equation 6 can be represented by Equation 15, from Equations 12 and 14.

    (0095) To obtain ideal Lb and A in Equation 15, a partial differential is performed by Lb and A, as in Equation 16.

    (0096) When Equation 16 is arranged, Lb can be represented by Equation 17.

    (0097) Using Equation 17, the allocated number of bits Lb per sample of each subband, which can maximize the SNR of the input spectrum, can be estimated in a range of the total number B of bits allowable in the given frame.
    (0098) The allocated number of bits based on each subband, which is determined by the bit estimator and allocator 250, can be provided to the encoding unit (170 of Fig. 1).
    (0099) Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a bit allocation unit 300 corresponding to bit allocation unit 150 in the audio encoding apparatus 100 of Fig. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00100) The bit allocation unit 300 of Fig. 3 may include a psycho-acoustic model 310, a 330 bit estimator and allocator, a 350 scale factor estimator, and a 370 scale factor encoder. bit allocation unit 300 can be integrated into at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00101) Referring to Fig. 3, the psycho-acoustic model 310 can obtain a masking threshold for each subband by receiving an audio spectrum from the transformation unit (130 of Fig. 1).
    (00102) Bit estimator and allocator 330 can estimate a noticeably needed number of bits, using a masking threshold based on each subband. That is, an SMR can be calculated based on each subband, and the number of bits that satisfy the masking threshold can be estimated using a ratio of 6.025 dB = 1 bit, with respect to the calculated SMR. Although the estimated number of bits is the minimum number of bits needed to miss the noticeable noise, since there is no need to use more than the estimated number of bits in terms of compression, the estimated number of bits can be considered as a maximum allowable number of bits based on each subband (hereinafter, an allowable number of bits). The allowable number of bits of each subband can be represented in decimal point units.
    (00103) Bit estimator and allocator 330 can perform bit allocation in decimal point units, using spectral energy based on each subband. In this case, for example, the bit allocation method using Equations 7 to 20 can be used.
    (00104) Bit estimator and allocator 330 compares the allocated number of bits with the estimated number of bits for all subbands, if the allocated number of bits is greater than the estimated number of bits, the allocated number of bits is limited to the estimated number of bits. If the allocated number of bits of all subbands in a given frame, which is obtained as a result of limiting the number of bits, is less than the total number B of allowable bits in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference it can be evenly distributed for all subbands, or not evenly distributed according to the importance of perception.
    (00105) The 350 scale factor estimator can estimate a scale factor using the finally determined allocated number of bits based on each subband. The estimated scaling factor based on each subband can be provided to the encoding unit (170 of Fig. 1).
    (00106) The 370 scale factor encoder can losslessly quantize and encode the estimated scale factor based on each subband. The encoded scale factor based on each subband can be provided to the multiplexing unit (190 of Fig. 1).
    (00107) Fig. 4 is a block diagram of allocation a bit allocation unit 400 corresponding to bit allocation unit 150 in the audio encoding apparatus 100 of Fig. 1, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00108) The bit allocation unit 400 of Fig. 4 may include a normative estimator 410, a bit estimator and allocator 430, a scale factor estimator 450, and a scale factor encoder 470. Bit allocation 400 can be integrated into at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00109) Referring to Fig. 4, the normative estimator 410 can obtain a normative value corresponding to the average spectral energy based on each subband.
    (00110) Bit estimator and allocator 430 can obtain a masking threshold, using spectral energy based on each subband, and estimate the perceptibly needed number of bits, that is, the allowable number of bits, using the threshold of masking.
    (00111) Bit estimator and allocator 430 can perform bit allocation in decimal point units using spectral energy based on each subband. In this case, for example, the bit allocation method using Equations 7 to 20 can be used.
    (00112) Bit estimator and allocator 430 compares the allocated number of bits with the estimated number of bits for all subbands, if the allocated number of bits is greater than the estimated number of bits, the allocated number of bits is limited to the estimated number of bits. If the allocated number of bits of all subbands in a given frame, which is obtained as a result of limiting the number of bits, is less than the total number B of allowable bits in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference it can be evenly distributed for all subbands, or not evenly distributed according to the importance of perception.
    (00113) Scale factor estimator 450 can estimate a scale factor using the allocated number of bits finally determined based on each subband. The estimated scaling factor based on each subband can be provided to the encoding unit (170 of Fig. 1).
    (00114) The 470 scale factor encoder can losslessly quantize and encode the estimated scale factor based on each subband. The encoded scale factor based on each subband can be provided to the multiplexing unit (190 of Fig. 1).
    (00115) Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an encoding unit 500 corresponding to encoding unit 170 in the audio encoding apparatus 100 of Fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00116) Encoding unit 500 of Fig. 5 may include a spectrum normalization unit 510 and a spectrum encoder 530. The components of encoding unit 500 may be integrated with at least one module and implemented by at least one processor .
    (00117) Referring to Fig. 5, spectrum normalization unit 510 can normalize a spectrum using the normative value provided by the bit allocation unit (150 of Fig. 1).
    (00118) The spectrum encoder 530 can quantize the normalized spectrum using the allocated number of bits from each subband and losslessly encode the quantization result. For example, pulse factor coding can be used for spectrum coding, but is not limited thereto. According to the factorial pulse coding, information such as a pulse position, a pulse amplitude, and a pulse signal can be factorically represented within a range of the allocated number of bits.
    (00119) Information about the spectrum encoded by the spectrum encoder 530 can be provided to the multiplexing unit (190 of Fig. 1).
    (00120) Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an audio encoding apparatus 600, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00121) The audio encoding apparatus 600 of Fig. 6 may include a transient detection unit 610, a transform unit 630, a bit allocation unit 650, an encoding unit 670, and a multiplexing unit 690. The components of the audio encoding apparatus 600 can be integrated into at least one module and implemented by at least one processor. Since there is a difference, that the audio encoding apparatus 600 of Fig. 6 still includes the transient detection unit 610 when the audio encoding apparatus 600 of Fig. 6 is compared with the audio encoder apparatus 100 of Fig. 1, a detailed description of the common components is omitted here.
    (00122) Referring to Fig. 6, transient detection unit 610 can detect an interval indicating a transient characteristic by analyzing an audio signal. Several known methods can be used to detect a transient interval. Transient signaling information provided by transient detection unit 610 can be included in a bit stream via multiplexing unit 690.
    (00123) The transformation unit 630 can determine a window size used for transformation, according to the result of transient interval detection, and perform time domain to frequency domain transformation based on the determined window size. For example, a short window can be applied to a subband, where a transient gap is detected, and a long window can be applied to a subband, where a transient gap is not detected.
    (00124) The bit allocation unit 650 can be implemented by one of the bit allocation units 200, 300 and 400 of Figs. 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
    (00125) The encoding unit 670 can determine a window size used for encoding, according to the transient interval detection result.
    (00126) Audio decoding apparatus 600 can generate a noise level for an optional subband and provide the noise level for an audio decoding apparatus (700 of Fig. 7, 1200 of Fig. 12, or 1300 of Fig. 12 of Fig. 13).
    (00127) Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an audio decoding apparatus 700, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00128) The audio decoding apparatus 700 of Fig. 7 may include a demultiplexing unit 710, a bit allocation unit 730, a decoding unit 750, and an inverse transform unit 770. The components of the apparatus for decoding Audio can be integrated into at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00129) Referring to Fig. 7, the demultiplexing unit 710 can demultiplex a bit stream to extract a lossless encoded quantized normative value and information about an encoded spectrum.
    (00130) The bit allocation unit 730 can obtain a dequantized normative value from the lossless encoded quantized normative value on the basis of each subband, and determine the allocated number of bits using the dequantized normative value. The bit allocation unit 730 can function in substantially the same way as the bit allocation unit 150 or 650 of the audio encoding apparatus 100 or 600. When the normative value is adjusted by the psycho-acoustic weighting in the audio encoding apparatus. 100 or 600, the dequantized normative value can be adjusted in the same way by the audio decoding apparatus 700.
    (00131) The decoding unit 750 can decode be lossy and dequantize the encoded spectrum using the information about the encoded spectrum from the demultiplexing unit 710. For example, pulse decoding can be used for decoding the spectrum.
    (00132) The inverse transform unit 770 can generate a restored audio signal by transforming the decoded spectrum in the time domain.
    (00133) Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a bit allocation unit 800 in the audio decoding apparatus 700 of Fig. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00134) The bit allocation unit 800 of Fig. 8 may include a normative decoder 810 and a bit estimator and allocator 830. The components of bit allocation unit 800 may be integrated into at least one module, and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00135) Referring to Fig. 8, normative decoder 810 can obtain a dequantized normative value from the lossless encoded quantized normative value provided by the demultiplexing unit (710 of Fig. 7).
    (00136) Bit estimator and allocator 830 can determine the allocated number of bits using the dequantized normative value. In detail, the 830 bit estimator and allocator can obtain a spectral energy masking threshold, that is, the normative value, based on each subband and perceptibly estimative number of bits, i.e., the allowable number of bits, using the masking limit.
    (00137) The 830 Bit Estimator and Allocator can perform bit allocation in decimal point units using spectral energy, that is, the normative value based on each subband. In this case, for example, the bit allocation method using Equations 7 to 20 can be used.
    (00138) Bit allocator and estimator 830 compares the allocated number of bits with the estimated number of bits for all subbands, if the allocated number of bits is greater than the estimated number of bits, the allocated number of bits is limited to the estimated number of bits. If the allocated number of bits of all subbands in a given frame, which is obtained as a result of limiting the number of bits, is less than the total number B of allowable bits in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference it can be evenly distributed for all subbands, or not evenly distributed, according to the importance of perception.
    (00139) Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a decoding unit 900 corresponding to decoding unit 750 in the audio decoding apparatus 700 of Fig. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00140) The decoding unit 900 of Fig. 9 may include a spectrum decoder 910 and an envelope forming unit 930. The components of the decoding unit 900 may be integrated with at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00141) Referring to Fig. 9, the spectrum decoder 910 can lossless decode and dequantize the encoded spectrum using the information about the encoded spectrum provided by the demultiplexing unit (710 of Fig. 7) and the allocated number of bits provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7). The decoded spectrum of the spectrum decoder 910 is a normalized spectrum.
    (00142) The envelope forming unit 930 can restore a spectrum, prior to normalization, by performing envelope formation on the normalized spectrum from the spectrum decoder 910, using the dequantized normative value provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7 ).
    (00143) Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a decoding unit 1000 corresponding to decoding unit 750 in the audio decoding apparatus 700 of Fig. 7, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00144) The decoding unit 1000 of Fig. 9 may include a spectrum decoder 1010, an envelope forming unit 1030 and a spectrum filler unit 1050. The components of the decoding unit 1000 may be integrated with at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00145) Referring to Fig. 10, spectrum decoder 1010 can lossless decode and dequantize the encoded spectrum using the encoded spectrum information provided by the demultiplexing unit (710 of Fig. 7) and the allocated number of bits provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7). The decoded spectrum of the spectrum decoder 1010 is a normalized spectrum.
    (00146) The envelope forming unit 1030 can restore a spectrum before normalization by performing envelope formation on the normalized spectrum from the spectrum decoder 1010 using the dequantized normative value provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7) .
    (00147) When a subband, including a dequantized part of 0, exists in the spectrum provided by the envelope forming unit 1030, the filling spectrum unit 1050 can fill a noise component in the dequantized part to 0 in the subband. According to an exemplary embodiment, the noise component can be randomly generated, or generated by copying a spectrum of a dequantized subband to a value other than 0, which is adjacent to the subband, including the dequantized portion at 0 , or a spectrum of a subband dequantized to a value other than 0. According to another exemplary embodiment, the energy of the noise component can be adjusted by generating a noise component for the subband, including the part dequantized to 0 and using a relationship between noise component energy and dequantized normative value, provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7), that is, spectral energy. According to another exemplary embodiment, a noise component for the subband, including the part dequantized to 0, can be generated, and average energy of the noise component can be adjusted to 1.
    (00148) Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a decoding unit 1100 corresponding to decoding unit 750 in the audio decoding apparatus 700 of Fig. 7, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00149) The decoding unit 1100 of Fig. 11 may include a spectrum decoder 1110, a spectrum filler unit 1130 and an envelope forming unit 1150. The components of the decoding unit 1100 may be integrated with at least one module and implemented by at least one processor. Since there is a difference, in that an arrangement of the spectrum filling unit 1130 and the envelope forming unit 1150 is different, when the decoding unit 1100 of Fig. 11 is compared with the decoding unit 1000 of Fig. 10, a detailed description of the common components is omitted here.
    (00150) Referring to Fig. 11, when a subband, including a 0-dequantized part, exists in the normalized spectrum provided by the spectrum decoder 1110, the spectrum-filler unit 1130 can fill a noise component into the dequantized part. to 0, in the subband. In this case, various noise filling methods applied to the spectrum filling unit 1050 of Fig. 10 can be used. Preferably, for the subband including the part dequantized to 0, the noise component can be generated, and the average energy of the noise component can be set to 1.
    (00151) The envelope forming unit 1150 can restore a spectrum before normalization to the spectrum, including the subband, where the noise component is filled, using the dequantized normative value provided by the bit allocation unit (730 of Fig. 7).
    (00152) Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an apparatus for decoding audio 1200, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00153) The apparatus for audio decoding 1200 of Fig. 12 may include a demultiplexing unit 1210, a scale factor decoder 1230, a spectrum decoder 1250 and an inverse transform unit 1270. 1200 audio can be integrated into at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00154) Referring to Fig. 12, the demultiplexing unit 1210 can demultiplex a bit stream to extract a lossless encoded quantized scale factor and encoded spectrum information.
    (00155) The 1230 scale factor decoder can decode lossless and dequantize the quantized and encoded scale factor without loss, based on each subband.
    (00156) The spectrum decoder 1250 can lossless decode and dequantize the encoded spectrum using the information about the encoded spectrum and the dequantized scale factor from the demultiplexer unit 1210. The spectrum decoder unit 1250 may include the same components as the decoding unit 1000 of Fig. 10.
    (00157) The inverse transform unit 1270 can generate a restored audio signal by transforming the spectrum, decoded by the spectrum decoder 1250, into the time domain.
    (00158) Fig. 13 is a block diagram of an audio decoding apparatus 1300, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00159) The apparatus for audio decoding 1300 of Fig. 13 may include a demultiplexing unit 1310, a bit allocation unit 1330, a decoding unit 1350, and an inverse transform unit 1370. The components of the apparatus for decoding of audio 1300 can be integrated with at least one module and implemented by at least one processor.
    (00160) Since there is a difference, in which transient signaling information is provided to the decoding unit 1350 and the inverse transforming unit 1370, when the apparatus for audio decoding 1300 of Fig. 13 is compared with the apparatus for audio decoding 700 of Fig. 7, a detailed description of the common components is omitted here.
    (00161) Referring to Fig. 13, the decoding unit 1350 can decode a spectrum using information about an encoded spectrum from the demultiplexing unit 1310. In this case, a window size can vary in accordance with signaling information transient.
    (00162) The inverse transform unit 1370 can generate a restored audio signal by transforming the decoded spectrum in the time domain. In this case, a window size can vary according to the transient signaling information.
    (00163) Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00164) Referring to Fig. 14, in operation 1410, spectral energy of each subband is acquired. Spectral energy can be a normative value.
    (00165) In operation 1420, a masking threshold is acquired using the spectral energy based on each subband.
    (00166) In operation 1430, the allowable number of bits is estimated in decimal point units, using the masking threshold based on each subband.
    (00167) In operation 1440, bits are allocated in decimal point units, based on spectral energy based on each subband.
    (00168) In operation 1450, the allowable number of bits is compared with the allocated number of bits based on each subband.
    (00169) In operation 1460, if the allocated number of bits is greater than the allowable number of bits for a given subband, as a result of the comparison in operation 1450, the allocated number of bits is limited to the allowable number of bits.
    (00170) In operation 1470, if the allocated number of bits is less than or equal to the allowable number of bits for a given subband, as a result of the comparison in operation 1450, the allocated number of bits is used in the state in which it finds, or the final allocated number of bits is determined for each subband using the limited allowable number of bits in operation 1460.
    (00171) Although not shown, if a sum of the allocated numbers of bits determined in operation 1470 for all subbands in a given frame is less than or greater than the total number of bits allowed in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference can be evenly distributed for all subbands, or not evenly distributed, according to the importance of perception.
    (00172) Fig. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00173) Referring to Fig. 15, in operation 1500, a dequantized normative value of each subband is acquired.
    (00174) In operation 1510, a masking threshold is acquired using the dequantized normative value based on each subband.
    (00175) In operation 1520, an SMR is acquired using the masking threshold based on each subband.
    (00176) In operation 1530, the allowable number of bits is estimated in decimal point units, using SMR based on each subband.
    (00177) In operation 1540, bits are allocated in decimal point units, based on spectral energy (or dequantized normative value), based on each subband.
    (00178) In operation 1550, the allowable number of bits is compared to the allocated number of bits based on each subband.
    (00179) In operation 1560, if the allocated number of bits is greater than the allowable number of bits for a given subband, as a result of the comparison in operation 1550, the allocated number of bits is limited to the allowable number of bits.
    (00180) In operation 1570, if the allocated number of bits is less than or equal to the allowable number of bits for a given subband, as a result of the comparison in operation 1550, the allocated number of bits is used in the state in which it is finds, or the final allocated number of bits is determined for each subband using the limited allowable number of bits in operation 1560.
    (00181) Although not shown, if the sum of the allocated numbers of bits determined in operation 1570 for all subbands in a given frame is less than or greater than the total number of bits allowable in the given frame, the number of bits corresponding to the difference can be evenly distributed for all subbands, or not evenly distributed, according to the importance of perception.
    (00182) Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00183) Referring to Fig. 16, in operation 1610, initialization is performed. As an example of initialization, when the allocated number of bits for each subband is estimated using Equation 20, all complexity can be reduced by calculating a constant value.
    (00184)
    for all subbands.
    (00185) In operation 1620, the allocated number of bits for each subband is estimated in decimal point units using Equation 17. The allocated number of bits for each subband can be obtained by multiplying the allocated number Lb of bits per sample by the number of samples per subband. When the allocated number of bits Lb per sample of each subband is calculated using Equation 17, Lb may have a value less than 0. In this case, 0 is assigned to Lb having a value less than 0, as in Equation 18.
    (00186) MathFigure 18
    (00187) [Math. 18]
    (00188)
    As a result, a sum of the estimated allocated numbers of bits for all subbands included in a given frame may be greater than the number B of allowable bits in the given frame.
    (00189) In operation 1630, the sum of the allocated numbers of bits estimated for all subbands included in the given frame is compared with the number B of allowable bits in the given frame.
    (00190) In operation 1640, bits are redistributed to each subband, using Equation 19, until the sum of the allocated numbers of bits estimated for all subbands included in the given frame is the same as the number B of bits permissible in the given framework.
    (00191) MathFigure 19
    (00192) [Math. 19]

    (00193) In Equation 19
    (00194) denotes the number of bits, determined by a (k- 1) repetition, and
    (00195) denotes the number of bits determined by a ka repetition. The number of bits determined by each repetition must not be less than 0 and, in that sense, operation 1640 is performed for subbands having the number of bits greater than 0.
    (00196) In operation 1650, if the sum of the allocated numbers of estimated bits for all subbands included in the given frame is the same as the number B of allowable bits in the given frame, as a result of the comparison in operation 1630, the number Allocated bits of each subband is used as is, or the final allocated number of bits is determined for each subband, using the allocated number of bits of each subband, which is obtained as a result. of redistribution in operation 1640.
    (00197) Fig. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method for allocating bits, according to another exemplary embodiment.
    (00198) Referring to Fig. 17, as in operation 1610 of Fig. 16, initialization is performed in operation 1710. As in operation 1620 of Fig. 16, in operation 1720, the allocated number of bits for each sub- band is estimated in decimal point units, and when the allocated number of bits Lb per sample of each subband is less than 0, 0 is assigned to Lb having a value less than 0, as in Equation 18.
    (00199) In operation 1730, the minimum number of bits required for each subband is defined in terms of SNR, and the allocated number of bits in operation 1720 greater than 0 and less than the minimum number of bits is adjusted, when limiting the allocated number of bits for the minimum number of bits. As such, by limiting the allocated number of bits of each subband to the minimum number of bits, the possibility of decreasing the sound quality can be reduced. For example, the minimum number of bits needed for each subband is defined as the minimum number of bits needed for pulse encoding in pulse factorial encoding. The factorial encoding of pulses represents a signal, using all combinations of a non-0 pulse position, a pulse amplitude, and a pulse signal. In this case, an occasional number N of all combinations, which can represent a pulse, can be represented by Equation 20.

    (00200) In Equation 20, 2i denotes an occasional number of signals representable with +/- for signals at positions i other than 0.
    (00201) In Equation 20, F(n, i) can be defined by Equation 21, which indicates an occasional number to select positions i other than 0 for given n samples, that is, the positions. MathFigure 21 [Math. 21]

    (00202) In Equation 20, D(m, i) can be represented by Equation 22, which indicates an occasional number to represent the selected signals at positions i different from zero by magnitudes m.

    (00203) The number M of bits needed to represent the combinations of N can be represented by Equation 23. MathFigure 23 [Math. 23]
    (00204) As a result, the minimum number
    (00205) of bits needed to encode a minimum of 1 pulse per Nb samples in a given b subband can be represented by Equation 24. MathFigure 24 [Math. 24] Lb = 1 ♦ log ^7 ITU/I
    (00206) In this case, the number of bits used to transmit a gain value required for quantization can be added to the minimum number of bits needed in factorial pulse encoding, and can vary according to a bit rate. The minimum number of bits needed based on each subband can be determined by a value greater than the minimum number of bits needed in factorial pulse encoding and the number Nb of samples of a given subband, as in Equation 25. For example, the minimum number of bits needed based on each subband can be set to 1 bit per sample. MathFigure 25 [Math. 25] Z.;; jn = iiiax(.\. 1 4-log2jVA I
    (00207) When bits to be used are not sufficient in operation 1730, since a target bit rate is small, for a subband, where the allocated number of bits is greater than 0 and less than the minimum number of bits, the allocated number of bits is stripped and set to 0. Also, for a subband, where the allocated number of bits is less than that of Equation 24, the allocated number of bits can be stripped, and for a subband. bandwidth, where the allocated number of bits is greater than that of Equation 24 and less than the minimum number of bits of Equation 25, the minimum number of bits can be allocated.
    (00208) In operation 1740, a sum of the estimated allocated numbers of bits for all subbands in a given frame is compared to the number of allowable bits in the given frame.
    (00209) In operation 1750, bits are redistributed to a subband, to which more than the minimum number of bits is allocated, until the sum of the estimated allocated numbers of bits for all subbands in the given frame is equal the number of allowable bits in the given frame.
    (00210) In operation 1760, it is determined whether the allocated number of bits of each subband has changed between a previous repetition and a current repetition for bit redistribution. If the allocated number of bits of each subband is not changed between the previous repetition and the current repetition for bit redistribution, or until the sum of the estimated allocated numbers of bits for all subbands in the given frame is equal to the number of permissible bits in the given frame, operations 1740 to 1760 are performed.
    (00211) In operation 1770, if the allocated number of bits of each subband is not changed between the previous repetition and the current repetition for bit redistribution, as a result of the determination in operation 1760, bits are sequentially removed from the sub- upperband to lower subband, and operations 1740 to 1760 are performed, until the number of allowable bits in the given frame is satisfied.
    (00212) That is, for a subband, where the allocated number of bits is greater than the minimum number of bits of Equation 25, a fit operation is performed, while reducing the allocated number of bits, until the number of bits of permissible bits in the given frame is satisfied. Furthermore, if the allocated number of bits is equal to or less than the minimum number of bits in Equation 25 for all subbands, and the sum of the allocated number of bits is greater than the number of allowable bits in the given frame, the allocated number of bits can be shifted from a high frequency band to a low frequency band.
    (00213) According to the bit allocation methods of Figs. 16 and 17, to allocate bits to each subband, after the initial bits are allocated to each subband in an order of spectral energy or weighted spectral energy, the number of bits needed for each subband can be estimated from one only once, without repeating a spectral energy or weighted spectral energy search operation several times. Furthermore, by redistributing bits for each subband, until the sum of the estimated allocated numbers of bits for all subbands in a given frame is equal to the number of allowable bits in the given frame, efficient bit allocation is possible. Furthermore, by guaranteeing the minimum number of bits for an arbitrary subband, the generation of the occurrence of a spectral hole can be prevented, since a sufficient number of samples or spectral pulses cannot be encoded, due to the allocation of a small number of bits.
    (00214) The methods of Figs. 14 to 17 can be programmed and can be performed by processing at least one device, for example a central processing unit (CPU).
    (00215) Fig. 18 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including an encoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00216) Referring to Fig. 18, multimedia device 1800 may include a communication unit 1810 and encoding module 1830. In addition, multimedia device 1800 may further include a storage unit 1850, for storing a stream of audio bits obtained as a result of encoding, according to the use of the audio bitstream. In addition, the 1800 multimedia device can even include an 1870 microphone. That is, the 1850 storage unit and the 1870 microphone can be optionally included. Multimedia device 1800 may further include an arbitrary decoding module (not shown), for example a decoding module to perform a general decoding function or a decoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment. Encoding module 1830 can be implemented by at least one processor, e.g., a central processing unit (not shown), by being integrated with other components (not shown) included in multimedia device 1800 as a body.
    (00217) The communication unit 1810 can receive at least one of an audio signal or an encoded bit stream, provided from the outside, or transmit at least one of a restored audio signal or an encoded bit stream, obtained as a result of encoding by the 1830 encoding module.
    (00218) The 1810 communication unit is configured to transmit and receive data from an external multimedia device over a wireless network, such as wireless Internet, wireless intranet, a wireless telephone network, wireless local area network (LAN) , Wi-Fi access, Wi-Fi Direct (WFD), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), Bluetooth, Infrared Data Association (IrDA), radio frequency identification (RFID), Ultra WideBand (UWB), Zigbee, or Near Field Communication (NFC), or a wired network, such as a wired telephone network or cable Internet.
    (00219) According to an exemplary embodiment, the encoding module 1830 can generate a bit stream, transforming an audio signal in the time domain, which is provided via the communication unit 1810 or the microphone 1870, with a audio spectrum in the frequency domain, determining the allocated number of bits in decimal point units, based on frequency bands, so that an SNR of a spectrum existing in a predetermined frequency band is maximized within a range of the number of allowable bits in a given frame of the audio spectrum, adjusting the determined allocated number of bits based on frequency bands, and encoding the audio spectrum using the adjusted number of bits, based on frequency bands and spectral energy.
    (00220) According to another exemplary embodiment, the encoding module 1830 can generate a bit stream, transforming an audio signal in the time domain, which is provided via the communication unit 1810 or the microphone 1870 into a spectrum frequency domain audio, estimating the allowable number of bits in decimal point units using a masking threshold based on frequency bands included in a given audio spectrum frame, estimating the allocated number of bits in decimal point units using spectral energy, adjusting the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits, and encoding from the audio spectrum using the adjusted number of bits based on frequency bands and spectral energy.
    (00221) Storage unit 1850 can store the encoded bit stream generated by encoding module 1830. In addition, storage unit 1850 can store various programs necessary to operate multimedia device 1800.
    (00222) The 1870 microphone can provide an audio signal from a user, or from outside, to the 1830 encoding module.
    (00223) Fig. 19 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including a decoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00224) The multimedia device 1900 of Fig. 19 may include a communication unit 1910 and the decoding module 1930. Furthermore, according to the use of a restored audio signal obtained as a result of decoding, the multimedia device 1900 of Fig. 19 may further include a storage unit 1950 for storing the restored audio signal. In addition, the 1900 multimedia device of Fig. 19 may also include a 1970 speaker. That is, the 1950 storage unit and 1970 speaker are optional. The multimedia device 1900 of Fig. 19 may further include an encoding module (not shown), for example an encoding module for performing a general encoding function or an encoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment. . Decoding module 1930 can be integrated with other components (not shown) included in multimedia device 1900 and implemented by at least one processor, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU).
    (00225) Referring to Fig. 19, the communication unit 1910 can receive at least one of an audio signal or an encoded bitstream provided from the outside, or it can transmit at least one of an audio signal. restored obtained as a result of decoding the decoding module 1930, or an audio bitstream obtained as a result of encoding. The communication unit 1910 can be implemented in substantially the same way as the communication unit 1810 of Fig. 18.
    (00226) According to an exemplary embodiment, the decoding module 1930 can generate a restored audio signal, by receiving a bit stream provided via the communication unit 1910, determining the allocated number of bits in decimal point units , based on frequency bands, so that an SNR of a spectrum existing in each frequency band is maximized within a range of the allowable number of bits in a given frame, adjust the allocated number of bits determined based on bands of frequency, decode an audio spectrum included in the bitstream using the number of bits adjusted based on frequency bands and spectral energy, and transform the decoded audio spectrum into a time-domain audio signal.
    (00227) According to another exemplary embodiment, the decoding module 1930 can generate a bit stream, receiving a bit stream supplied via the communication unit 1910, estimating the allowable number of bits in decimal point units using a masking threshold based on frequency bands included in a given frame, estimating the allocated number of bits in units with decimal point using spectral energy, adjusting the allocated number of bits not to exceed the allowable number of bits, decoding an audio spectrum included in the bitstream using the number of bits adjusted based on frequency bands and spectral energy, and transforming the decoded audio spectrum into a time-domain audio signal.
    (00228) Storage unit 1950 can store the restored audio signal generated by decoding module 1930. In addition, storage unit 1950 can store various programs needed to operate multimedia device 1900.
    (00229) Speaker 1970 can output the restored audio signal generated by decoding module 1930 to the outside.
    (00230) Fig. 20 is a block diagram of a multimedia device including an encoding module and a decoding module, according to an exemplary embodiment.
    (00231) The multimedia device 2000 shown in Fig. 20 may include a communication apparatus 2010, an encoding module 2020 and a decoding module 2030. In addition, the multimedia device 2000 may further include a storage unit 2040 for storing a audio bitstream obtained as a result of encoding, or a restored audio signal obtained as a result of decoding, according to the use of the audio bitstream or the restored audio signal. In addition, multimedia device 2000 may further include a microphone 2050 and/or a speaker 2060. Encoding module 2020 and decoding module 2030 may be implemented by at least one processor, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) (not shown), by being integrated with other components (not shown) included in multimedia device 2000 as a body.
    (00232) Since the components of the multimedia device 2000 shown in Fig. 20 correspond to the components of the multimedia device 1800 shown in Fig. 18, or the components of the multimedia device 1900 shown in Fig. 19, their detailed description is omitted.
    (00233) Each of the 1800, 1900 and 2000 multimedia devices shown in Figs. 18, 19 and 20 may include a voice-only terminal such as a telephone or mobile phone, a broadcast or music-only device such as a TV or MP3 player, or a hybrid terminal device of a voice-only terminal. voice communication and a broadcasting or music-only device, but are not limited thereto. In addition, each of the 1800, 1900, and 2000 multimedia devices can be used as a client, server, or transducer, moved between a client and a server.
    (00234) When the 1800, 1900 or 2000 multimedia device is, for example, a mobile phone, although not shown, the 1800 1900 or 2000 multimedia device may still include a user input unit such as a keyboard, a keyboard unit. visualization to display information processed by a user interface or mobile phone, and a processor to control mobile phone functions. Furthermore, the mobile phone may further include a camera unit, having an image capture function and at least one component for performing a necessary function for the mobile phone.
    (00235) When the 1800, 1900 or 2000 multimedia device is, for example, a TV, although not shown, the 1800, 1900 or 2000 multimedia device may still include a user input unit such as a keyboard, a display unit to display information received from broadcasting, and a processor to control all TV functions. In addition, the TV can further include at least one component to perform a TV function.
    (00236) The methods, according to the exemplary embodiments, can be recorded as computer programs, and can be implemented in general purpose digital computers, which execute the programs, using a computer-readable recording medium. In addition, data structures, program commands, or data files usable in the exemplary embodiments can be recorded, in various ways, on computer-readable recording media. Computer readable recording media is any data storage device, which can store data, which can later be read by a computer system. Examples of computer readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magneto-optical media such as optical floppy disks, and hardware devices such as ROMs, RAMs and flash memories, specially configured to store and execute program commands. In addition, the computer readable recording media can be a transmission media for transmitting a signal, where a program command and data structure are designated. Program commands can include machine language code, edited by a compiler, and high-level language code executable by a computer using an interpreter.
    (00237) Although the present inventive concept has been particularly shown and described with reference to its exemplary embodiments, it should be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made without abandoning the spirit and scope. of the present inventive concept as defined by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    1. BITS ALLOCATION METHOD, characterized in that it comprises: receiving an audio signal; generating an audio spectrum by transforming the signal from a frequency domain to a temporal frequency domain to a frequency domain; fractionally estimating, using a processor, bits to be allocated to a subband in an audio spectrum frame, taking into account the estimated bits for the frame, where the estimated bits are set to zero. smaller than the sub-zero band; when the sub-zero band estimated bits are not sub-zero bits, redistribute the sub-zero bits estimated to be sub-bands with non-zero bits, so as to allocate the bits to the sub-band; quantize the subband spectral data using the allocated bits; and outputting the generated bit stream based on the quantized spectral data.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the estimate is performed based on the spectral energy of the subband.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the estimation is performed using the equation below
    [0004]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the redistribution comprises setting the allocated bits to zero when the allocated bits are less than the predetermined minimum bits set for the subband.
    [0005]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the redistribution comprises limiting the allocated bits, based on predetermined minimum bits defined for the subband.
    [0006]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the redistribution comprises setting the allocated bits to be predetermined bits to be minimum predetermined bits for the subband, when the allocated bits are smaller than the minimum predetermined bits.
    [0007]
    7. COMPUTER-READABLE, NON-TRAVELING RECORDING MEDIUM, which stores a computer-readable program for performing a bit-allocation method characterized by comprising: receiving an audio signal; generating an audio spectrum by transforming the audio signal from a time domain to a frequency domain; estimate fractionally, using a processor to be allocated to a subband in an audio spectrum frame, taking into account the bits allowed for the frame, where the estimated bits are set to zero when the estimated bits of the subband is less than zero; when the bits estimated for the sub-zero band are non-sub zero bits, redistribute the bits estimated for the sub-zero band with sub-zero bits, to allocate the bits to the sub-band; quantize the subband spectral data using the allocated bits; and outputting the generated bit beam based on the quantized spectral data. using the allocated bits; and to produce a generated bit stream based on the quantized spectral data.
    [0008]
    8. BITS ALLOCATION EQUIPMENT, characterized in that it comprises: a configured processor; to receive an audio signal; to generate an audio spectrum by transforming the audio signal from a time domain to a frequency domain; fractionally estimating bits to be allocated to a subband in an audio spectrum frame, taking into account the allowable bits for the frame, where the estimated bits are set to zero when the estimated bits of the subzero band are less than zero; and when the bits estimated in the sub-zero band are non-zero bits, allocate the bits to the sub-zero band by redistributing the estimated bits to the sub-zero band with non-zero bits; quantize the subband spectral data using the allocated bits; and outputting the generated bit beam based on the quantized spectral data.
    [0009]
    9. AUDIO CODING APPARATUS, characterized in that it comprises: a transformation unit configured to generate an audio spectrum, by transforming an audio signal from a time domain to a frequency domain; a bit allocation unit configured to fractionally estimate the bits to be allocated to a subband in an audio spectrum frame, taking into account the bits allowed for the frame, where the estimated bits are set to zero when bits subband estimates are less than zero and when the subband estimated bits are nonzero bits, to allocate the bits to the subband, by redistributing the subband estimated bits with nonzero bits; and an encoding unit configured to encode the frame by quantizing the quantized spectral data based on the bits allocated to the subband, and to output the generated bit stream based on the quantized spectral data.
    [0010]
    10. AUDIO DECODING APPARATUS, characterized by comprising: a bit allocation unit configured to fractionally estimate the bits to be allocated to a subband in a frame of a bit stream, taking into account the bits allowed for the frame , where the estimated bits are set to zero when the estimated bits of the subband are less than zero and when the estimated bits of the subband are nonzero bits, allocate the bits to the subband by redistributing the estimated bits to the subband with bits other than zero; and a decoding unit configured to decode the frame by dequantizing the frame based on bits allocated to the subband; an inverse transformation unit configured to generate a reconstructed audio signal by transforming the dequantized frame into a time domain.
    [0011]
    11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the redistribution Sr is performed on the basis of bits allocated to the upper bands.
    [0012]
    Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is based on the spectral energy of the subband.
    [0013]
    Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is configured to limit the allocated bits, based on predetermined minimum bits set for the subband.
    [0014]
    Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is configured to set the allocated bits to zero when the allocated bits are less than the predetermined minimum bits set for the subband.
    [0015]
    15. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is configured to set the allocated bits to predetermined minimum bits defined for the subband, when the allocated bits are smaller than the predetermined minimum bits.
    [0016]
    16. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is based on bits allocated to higher bands.
    [0017]
    Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is based on the spectral energy of the subband.
    [0018]
    Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is configured to limit the allocated bits, based on predetermined minimum bits set for the subband.
    [0019]
    Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is configured to set the allocated bits to zero when the allocated bits are less than the predetermined minimum bits set for the subband.
    [0020]
    20. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the bit allocation unit are predetermined to be allocated to be minimum bits for the subband, when the allocated bits are smaller than the predetermined minimum bits.
    [0021]
    21. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the bit allocation unit is based on bits allocated to higher bands.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112013029347B1|2021-05-11|method for bit allocation, computer readable permanent recording media, bit allocation apparatus, audio encoding apparatus, and audio decoding apparatus
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201161485741P| true| 2011-05-13|2011-05-13|
    US61/485,741|2011-05-13|
    US201161495014P| true| 2011-06-09|2011-06-09|
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    PCT/KR2012/003777|WO2012157932A2|2011-05-13|2012-05-14|Bit allocating, audio encoding and decoding|
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