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    • 专利摘要:
    PANEL WITH AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION ELEMENT The present invention relates to a panel with at least one electrical connection element, comprising - a substrate (1), - an electrically conductive structure (2) over a region of the substrate (1 ), - a layer of a welding material (4) over a region of the electrically conductive structure (2) and - at least two welding points (15, 15 ') of the connecting element (3) on the welding material ( 4), in which - the welding points (15, 15 ') form at least one contact surface (8) between the connecting element (3) and the electrically conductive structure (2) and - the shape of the contact surface (8) has at least one segment of an oval, an ellipse, or a circle with a central angle (Alpha) of at least 90 °.
    公开号:BR112013028115B1
    申请号:R112013028115-4
    申请日:2012-04-17
    公开日:2020-11-17
    发明作者:Christoph Degen；Bernhard Reul；Mitja Rateiczak；Andreas Schlarb；Lothar Lesmeister
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a panel with an electrical connection element and an economical and environmentally friendly method for its manufacture.
    [0002] The invention also relates to a panel with an electrical connection element for vehicles, with electrically conductive structures, such as, for example, heat conductors and antenna conductors. Electrically conductive structures are usually connected to the embedded electrical system by means of welded electrical connection elements. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used, mechanical stresses occur that deform the panels and can cause the panel to break during manufacture and operation.
    [0003] Lead-containing solders have high ductility that can compensate for the mechanical stresses that occur between an electrical connection element and the panel by means of plastic deformation. However, due to the Directive 2000/53 / EC - End of Life Vehicles, solders containing lead must be replaced with lead free solders within the European Community. The directive is briefly referred to by the acronym ELV (End of Life Vehicles). The goal is to ban extremely problematic product components that result from the massive increase in disposable electronics. The affected substances are lead, mercury and cadmium. This relates, among other things, to the implementation of lead-free solder materials in electrical applications on glass and the introduction of corresponding replacement products.
    [0004] EP 1 942 703 A2 discloses an electrical connection element on vehicle panels, where the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of the panel and the electrical connection element is less than 5 x 10'6 / ° C, and the connection element contains titanium predominantly and the contact surface between the connection element and the electrically conductive structure is rectangular. In order to provide adequate mechanical stability and processability, it is proposed to use an excess of welding material. The excess weld material seeps out of the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. The excess of welding material causes high mechanical stresses in the glass panel. These mechanical stresses finally result in the panel breaking.
    [0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a panel with an electrical connection element and an environmentally friendly and economical method for its manufacture, whereby critical mechanical stresses on the panel are avoided.
    [0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by means of a device according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
    [0007] The panel according to the invention with at least one connecting element comprises the following characteristics: - a substrate, - an electrically conductive structure over a region of the substrate, - a layer of a weld material over a region of the structure electrically conductive, and - at least two welding points of the connecting element on the weld material, in which - the welding points form at least one contact surface between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure, and - the shape the contact surface has at least one segment of an oval, an ellipse and or a circle with a central angle of at least 90 °.
    [0008] The central angle of the segment is from 90 ° to 360 °, preferably from 140 ° to 360 °, for example, from 180 ° to 330 ° or from 200 ° to 330 °. Preferably the shape of the contact surface between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure has at least two semi-ellipses, particularly preferably two semi-circles. Most particularly preferably, the contact surface is shaped like a rectangle with two semicircles arranged on opposite sides. In a particularly preferred alternative embodiment of the invention, the shape of the contact surface has two circular segments with central angles from 210 ° to 360 °. The shape of the contact surface can also, for example, comprise two segments of an oval, an ellipse or a circle, with the central angle being from 180 ° to 350 °, preferably from 210 ° to 310 °.
    [0009] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the welding points form two contact surfaces between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure separated from each other. Each contact surface is arranged on the surface of one of the two foot regions of the connection element facing the substrate. The foot regions are connected to each other via a bridge. The two contact surfaces are connected to each other through the bridge surface facing the substrate. The shape of each of the two contact surfaces has at least one segment of an oval, an ellipse or a circle, with a central angle from 90 ° to 360 ° preferably from 140 ° to 360 °. Each contact surface may have an oval, preferably an elliptical structure. Particularly preferably each contact surface is shaped like a circle. Alternatively, each contact surface is preferably shaped as a circular segment with a central angle of at least 180 °, particularly preferably at least 200 °, most particularly preferably at least 220 °, and in particular at least 230 °. The circular segment may, for example, have a central angle from 180 ° to 350 ° preferably from 200 ° to 330 °, particularly preferably from 210 ° to 310 °. In another advantageous embodiment of the connection element according to the invention, each contact surface is designed as a rectangle with two semi-ovals, preferably semi-ellipses, particularly preferably semicircles arranged on opposite sides.
    [0010] An electrically conductive structure is applied over the panel. The electrical connection element is electrically connected to the electrically conductive structure over sub-regions by means of a welding material.
    [0011] The connecting element is connected by welding, for example, resistance welding to the electrically conductive structure through the contact surface or the contact surfaces. In resistance welding two welding electrodes are used with each welding electrode being brought into contact with a welding point of the connection element. During the welding process, a current flows from one welding electrode to the second welding electrode through the connection element. The contact between the welding electrodes and the connecting element preferably occurs over the smallest possible surface area. For example, welding electrodes have a pointed design. The small contact surface produces a high current density in the region of contact between the welding electrode and the connecting element. The high current density results in a heating of the contact region between the welding electrode and the connecting element. Heat distribution spreads starting from each of the two contact regions between the welding electrode and the connecting element. Isotherms can, for the case of two point heat sources, be delineated, for the purpose of simplicity, as concentric circles around the welding points. The precise shape of the distribution depends on the shape of the connection element. Heating in the region of the contact surfaces between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure results in the melting of the weld material.
    [0012] According to the prior art, the connecting element is preferably connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example, through a rectangular contact surface. Due to the heat distribution spreading from the welding points, temperature differences arise along the edges of a rectangular contact surface during the welding process. As a result, regions of the contact surface in which the welding material is not completely melted may exist. These regions lead to poor adhesion of the connecting element and mechanical stresses on the panel.
    [0013] The advantage of the invention lies in the conformation of the contact surface or the contact surfaces between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. The shape of the contact surfaces is at least on a substantial part of the rounded edges and preferably has circles or circular segments. The shape of the contact surfaces approximates the shape of the heat distribution around the welding points during the welding process. Consequently, only slight or no temperature difference appears along the edges of the contact surfaces during the welding process. This results in a uniform melting of the weld material across the region of the contact surfaces between the connecting element through the electrically conductive structure. This is particularly advantageous in relation to the adhesion of the connection element, the shortening of the duration of the welding process and the avoidance of mechanical stresses on the panel. In particular, with the use of a lead-free solder material, which can compensate for mechanical stresses less well due to its lower ductility compared to lead-containing solder materials, there is a particular advantage.
    [0014] The connecting elements are preferably in plan view, for example, preferably 1 mm to 50 mm in length and width, and particularly preferably 2 mm to 30 mm in length and width, and most particularly preferably 2 mm up to 8 mm wide and 10 mm up to 24 mm long.
    [0015] Two contact surfaces connected with each other by means of a bridge are, for example, preferably 1 mm up to 15 mm in length and width and particularly preferably 2 mm up to 8 mm in length and width.
    [0016] The weld material drains out with a spill width less than 1 mm from the intermediate space between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure. In a preferred embodiment, the maximum spill width is preferably less than 0.5 mm and, in particular, roughly 0 mm. This is particularly advantageous in relation to the reduction of mechanical stresses on the panel, the adhesion of the connection element and the reduction in the amount of weld.
    [0017] The maximum spill width is defined as the distance between the outer edges of the connection element and the crossing point of the weld material at which the weld material falls below a layer thickness of 50 pm. The maximum spill width is measured on the solidified weld material and after the welding process.
    [0018] A desired maximum spill width is obtained through an adequate selection of volume of weld material and vertical distance between the connection element and the electrically conductive structure, which can be determined by simple experiments. The vertical distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure can be predefined using an appropriate process tool, for example, a tool with an integrated spacer.
    [0019] The maximum spill width can still be negative, that is, it is pulled back into the intermediate space formed by an electrical connection element and an electrically conductive structure.
    [0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the panel according to the invention, the maximum spill width is pulled back into a concave meniscus of the intermediate space formed by the electrical connection element and the electrically conductive structure. A concave meniscus is created, for example, by increasing the vertical distance between the spacer and the conductive structure during the welding process, while the weld is still fluid.
    [0021] The bridge between two foot regions of the connecting element according to the invention is preferably formed in flat sections. Particularly preferably, the bridge consists of three flat segments. "Boring" means that the bottom of the connecting element forms a plane. The angle between the substrate surface and the bottom of each flat segment of the bridge directly adjacent is a foot region is preferably less than 90 ° particularly preferably between 10 and 85 ° very particularly preferably between 2 and 75 ° and in particular between 3 and 60 °. The source is the bridge a shaped in such a way that each flat segment adjacent to a foot region is tilted in the direction facing away from the foot region and immediately adjacent.
    [0022] The advantage lies in the action of the capillary effect between and the electrically conductive structure is today segments of the bridge adjacent to the contact surfaces. The capillary effect is a consequence of the short distance between the electrically conductive structure two segments of the bridge adjacent the contact surfaces at a short distance results from the smaller than 90 ° angle between the substrate surface and the bottom of each flat section of the bridge directly adjacent to a foot region. The desired distance between the connecting element and the electrically conductive structure is adjusted according to the melting of the weld material. Excess weld material is sucked in a controlled manner through the capillary effect into the volume bounded by the bridge and the electrically conductive structure. Thus, the spillage of weld material on the outer edges of the connection element is reduced, and with it the maximum spill width. The reduction of mechanical stresses on the panel is thus achieved.
    [0023] In the context of defining the maximum spill width the edges of the contact surfaces to which the bridge is connected are not outer edges of the connection element.
    [0024] The cavity that is bounded by the electrically conductive structure and the bridge can be completely filled with welding material. Preferably, the cavity is not completely filled with welding material.
    [0025] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention the bridge is curved. The bridge can have a single direction of curvature. The bridge preferably has the profile of an oval arc, particularly preferably the profile of an elliptical arc and most particularly preferably the profile of a circular arc. The radius of curvature of the circular arc is, for example, preferably from 5 mm to 15 mm with a connection element length of 24 mm. The curvature direction of the bridge can also change.
    [0026] The bridge can also consist of at least two sub-elements that are in direct contact with each other. The projection of the bridge into the plane of the substrate surface can also be curved. Preferably in this case the direction of curvature changes at the center of the bridge. The bridge does not have to be a constant width.
    [0027] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each of the two welding points is arranged on a contact shoulder. The contact shoulders are arranged on the surface of the connecting element facing away from the substrate. The contact shoulders preferably contain the same alloy as the connecting element. Each contact shoulder is preferably curved in a convex manner, at least in the region facing away from the substrate surface. Each contact shoulder is formed, for example, as a segment of a revolution ellipsoid or as a hemispherical segment. Alternatively, the contact shoulder may be formed as a rectangular solid with the surface facing away from the substrate curved in a convex manner. The contact shoulders preferably have a height of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm. The length and width of the contact shoulders is preferably between 0.1 and 5 mm, most particularly preferably between 0.4 mm and 3 mm. The contact shoulders can be designed as projections. The contact shoulders can advantageously be formed in one piece with the connecting element. The contact shoulders can, for example, be formed by reconforming a connecting element with a flat surface in the initial state on the surface, for example, by stamping or deep drawing. In the process, a corresponding depression can be created on the surface of the connecting element opposite the contact shoulder.
    [0028] For welding, electrodes whose contact side is flat can be used. The electrode surface is brought into contact with the contact shoulder. For this, the electrode surface is arranged parallel to the substrate surface. The point on the convex surface of the contact shoulder that has the maximum vertical distance from the substrate surface is arranged between the electrode surface and the substrate surface. The contact region between the electrode surface and the contact shoulder forms the welding point. The position of the welding point is preferably determined by the point on the contact surface of the contact shoulder which has the maximum vertical distance from the substrate surface. The position of the welding point is independent of the position of the welding electrode on the connection element. This is particularly advantageous in relation to a uniform reproducible heat distribution during the welding process. The heat distribution during the welding process is determined by the position, dimension, arrangement and geometry of the contact shoulder.
    [0029] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least two spacers are arranged on each of the surfaces of the connecting element. The spacers preferably contain the same alloy as the connecting element. Each spacer is shaped, for example, as a cube, branch a pyramid, or branch a segment of a rotating ellipsoid, or as a segment of a sphere. The spacers are preferably 0.5 x 10-4 m to 10 x 10-4 m wide and 0.5 x 104 m to 5 x 104 m high, particularly preferably 1 x 10-4 m to 3 x 10 m '4 m. By means of spacers, the formation of a uniform layer of weld material is favored. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the adhesion of the connecting element. Spacers can be formed in one piece with the connecting element. Spacers can, for example, be formed on the comfort contact surface, by sending a connecting element with flat contact surfaces in the initial state, for example by stamping or exterior and deep drawing. In the process, a corresponding depression can be created on the surface of the connecting element opposite the contact surface.
    [0030] By means of the contact shoulders and the spacers, a uniformly thick and homogeneous molten layer of the weld material is obtained. Thus, mechanical stresses between the connecting element and the panel can be reduced. This is particularly advantageous with the use of a lead-free solder material, which can compensate for mechanical stresses less well, due to its lower ductility compared to lead-containing solder materials.
    [0031] The substrate preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass. In a preferred alternative embodiment the substrate contains polymers, particularly preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0032] The substrate has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The connecting element has a second coefficient of thermal expansion.
    [0033] The first coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably from 8 x 10'6 / ° C to 9 x 10'6 / ° C. The substrate preferably contains glass which preferably has a coefficient of thermal expansion from 8.3 x 10'6 / ° C to 9x10 '6 / ° C in a temperature range from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0034] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least one ferro-nickel alloy, an ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or an ferro-chromium alloy.
    [0035] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains 50% by weight up to 89.5% by weight of iron, 0% by weight up to 50% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 5% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of titanium, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of niobium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of vanadium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of aluminum, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of tungsten.
    [0036] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and the second expansion coefficients is greater than or equal to 5 x 10'6 / ° C. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is, in this case, preferably from 0.1 x 10'6 / ° C to 4 x 10'6 / ° C, particularly preferably from 0.3 x 10'6 / ° C to 3 x 10 '6 / ° C, in a temperature range from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0037] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight up to 75% by weight of iron, 25% by weight up to 50% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight up to 1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of carbon and 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of manganese.
    [0038] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains chromium, niobium, aluminum, vanadium, tungsten and titanium in a proportion of 0% by weight to 1% by weight, molybdenum in a proportion of 0% by weight up to 5 % by weight as well as mixtures related to production.
    [0039] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least 55% by weight up to 70% by weight of iron, 30% by weight up to 45% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 5% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of silicon, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of carbon.
    [0040] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains invar (FeNi).
    [0041] Invar is a ferro-nickel alloy with a content of, for example, 36% by weight of nickel (FeNi36). There is a group of alloys and compounds that have the property of having thermal expansion coefficients that are abnormally small or sometimes negative in certain temperature ranges. Invar Fe65Ni35 contains 65% by weight of iron and 35% by weight of nickel. Up to 1% by weight of magnesium, silicon and carbon are usually bonded to change mechanical properties. By connecting 5% by weight of cobalt, the thermal expansion coefficient α can be further reduced. A name for the alloy is Inovco, Fe35Ni33Co4.5 with an expansion coefficient (20 ° C to 100 ° C) of 0.55 x 10'6 / ° C.
    [0042] If an alloy such as Invar with a very low absolute thermal expansion coefficient of less than 4 x 10'6 / ° C is used, overcompensation of mechanical stresses occurs through non-critical pressure stresses on the glass or through of non-critical tensile stresses in the alloy.
    [0043] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention the difference between the first and the second expansion coefficients is less than 5 x 10'6 / ° C. Due to the small difference between the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion, critical mechanical stresses on the panel are avoided, and better adhesion is obtained. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is in this case preferably 4 x 10'6 / ° C to 8 x 10'6 / ° C, particularly preferably 4 x 10'6 / ° C to 6 x 10'6 / ° C in a range temperature from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0044] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight up to 60% by weight of iron, 25% by weight up to 35% by weight of nickel, 15% by weight up to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight to 0.1% by weight of carbon and / or 0% by weight to 0.5% by weight of manganese.
    [0045] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains kovar (FeCoNi).
    [0046] Kovar is an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy that has coefficients of thermal expansion of usually roughly 5 x 10'6 / ° C. The coefficient of thermal expansion is thus less than the coefficient of typical metals. The composition contains, for example, 54% by weight of iron, 29% by weight of nickel and 17% by weight of cobalt. In the area of microelectronics and microsystem technology, Kovar is consequently used as a housing material or as a subassembly. Subassemblies are located according to the sandwich principle, between the actual substrate material and the material with, for the most part, a significantly higher expansion coefficient. Kovar thus serves as a compensating element that absorbs and reduces the thermomechanical stresses caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the other materials. Similarly, Kovar is used for metal-glass implementations of electronic components, material transitions in vacuum chambers.
    [0047] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains ferro-nickel alloys and / or ferro-nickel-cobalt alloys which are heat-treated by annealing.
    [0048] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the difference between the first and the second expansion coefficients is likewise less than 5x10 '6 / ° C. The second coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably from 9x10 '6 / ° C to 13 x 10-6 / ° C, particularly preferably from 10 x 10'6 / ° C to 11.5 x 10'6 / ° C in a range temperature from 0 ° C to 300 ° C.
    [0049] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains at least 50% by weight up to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight up to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight up to 1 % by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum. and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium. In addition, the connecting element may contain mixtures of other elements, including vanadium, aluminum, niobium and nitrogen.
    [0050] The connection element according to the invention can also contain at least 66.5% by weight up to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight up to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight. weight up to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight weight up to 2% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0051] The connecting element according to the invention preferably contains at least 65% by weight up to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight up to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight up to 0, 5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight of molybdenum, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0052] The connection element according to the invention can also contain at least 73% by weight up to 89.5% by iron, 10.5% by weight up to 20% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight up to 0, 5% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of molybdenum, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0053] The connecting element according to the invention can also contain at least 75% by weight up to 84% iron, 16% by weight up to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight up to 0.1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0054] The connection element according to the invention can also contain at least 78.5% by weight up to 84% iron, 16% by weight up to 18.5% by weight of chromium, 0% by weight up to 0, 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight to 1% by weight of niobium, and / or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0055] The connection element according to the invention preferably contains a steel containing chromium with a chromium proportion greater than or equal to 10.5% by weight and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 9 x 10'6 / ° Up to 13 x 10'6 / ° C. Other alloy components such as molybdenum, manganese or niobium result in improved corrosion stability, or altered mechanical properties, such as tensile strength or cold formability.
    [0056] The advantage of connection elements made of steel containing chromium, compared to connection elements according to the previous technique made of titanium, lies in the better weldability. This results from the higher thermal conductivity of 25 W / mK to 30 W / mK compared to the titanium thermal conductivity of 22 W / mK. The higher thermal conductivity results in a more uniform heating of the connection element during the welding process, by which the formation as points of hot spots ("hot spots") is avoided. These locations are starting points for subsequent panel damage. Improved adhesion of the connecting element to the panel results. Chrome-containing steel is also very weldable. With it, better connection of the connection element to the on-board electronics by means of an electrically conductive material, for example, copper, by welding, is possible. Due to the better cold conformability, the connection element can also be better furrowed with the electrically conductive material. Chrome-containing steel is also more available.
    [0057] The electrically conductive structure according to the invention preferably has a layer thickness of 5 pm to 40 pm, particularly preferably from 5 pm to 20 pm, most particularly preferably from 8 pm to 15 pm and more particularly from 10 pm until 12 pm. The electrically conductive structure according to the invention preferably contains silver, particularly preferably silver particles and glass "frits".
    [0058] The thickness of the solder layer according to the invention is preferably less than 3.0 x 10-4 m.
    [0059] The solder material is preferably lead free, that is, it does not contain lead. This is particularly advantageous in relation to the environmental impact of the panel with an electrical connection element according to the invention. Lead-free solder materials typically have less ductility than lead-containing solder materials, such that mechanical stresses between a connecting element and a panel can be less well compensated. However, it has been shown that critical mechanical stresses can be avoided by means of the connection element according to the invention. The solder material according to the invention preferably contains tin and bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver or compositions thereof. The proportion of tin in the solder composition according to the invention is from 3% by weight to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 10% by weight to 95.5% by weight, particularly preferably from 15% by weight to 60 % by weight. The proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper and silver, or compositions thereof in the solder composition according to the invention is from 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight, preferably 10% by weight to 67% by weight, therefore, the proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper or silver can be 0% by weight. The solder composition according to the invention can contain nickel, germanium, aluminum or phosphorus in a proportion of 0% to 5% by weight. The solder composition according to the invention contains very particularly, preferably Bi40Sn57Ag3, Sn40Bi57Ag3, Bi59Sn40Ag1, Bi57Sn42Ag1, ln97Ag3, Sn95,5Ag3,8Cu0,7, Bi67ln33, Bi33ln50Sn17, Sn77,2ln220Ag2,8, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1, Sn95Ag4C1 5, or mixtures of them.
    [0060] The connection element according to the invention is preferably coated with nickel, tin, copper and / or silver. The connection element according to the invention is particularly preferably provided with an adhesion promoting layer, preferably made of nickel and / or copper and in addition with a weldable layer, preferably made of silver. The connection element according to the invention is very preferably coated with 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm nickel and / or 3 pm to 20 pm silver. The connecting element can be plated with nickel, tin copper, and / or silver. Nickel and silver improve the current carrying capacity and corrosion stability of the connection element and wetting with the weld material.
    [0061] The ferro-nickel alloy, the ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or the ferro-chromium alloy can also be welded, furrowed, or glued as a compensation plate over a connection element made, for example, of steel , aluminum, titanium, copper. As a bimetal, favorable expansion behavior of the connecting element in relation to the glass expansion can be obtained. The compensation plate is preferably shaped into a hat.
    [0062] The electrical connection element contains, on the surface facing the solder material, a coating containing copper, zinc, tin, gold silver, or alloys or layers thereof, preferably silver. This prevents the weld material from spreading beyond the coating and limits the spill width.
    [0063] The shape of the electrical connection element can form weld deposits in the intermediate space of the connection element and the electrically conductive structure. The weld deposits and wetting properties of the weld on the connection element prevent the weld material from spilling from the intermediate space. The weld deposits can be rectangular, rounded or polygonal in design.
    [0064] The distribution of the welding heat, and thus the distribution of the welding material during the welding process, can be defined by the shape of the connecting element. Welding material seeps into the hottest spot. For example, the connection element can have a single or double cap shape to advantageously distribute heat in the connection element during the welding process.
    [0065] The introduction of energy during the electrical connection of an electrical connection to and an electrically conductive structure occurs preferably by means of punches, "thermodes", piston welding, preferably laser welding, hot air welding, induction welding, resistance and / or ultrasound welding.
    [0066] The purpose of the invention is further accomplished through a method for producing a panel with at least one connecting element, in which a) welding material is applied on the contact surface or on the contact surfaces of the contact element connection as a nameplate with a fixed layer thickness, volume and shape, b) an electrically conductive structure is applied to a region of a substrate, c) the connection element with the weld material is disposed on the electrically conductive structure, d ) energy is introduced at the welding points, and e) the connection element is welded to the electrically conductive structure.
    [0067] The weld material is preferably applied in advance to the connection elements, preferably as a nameplate with a fixed layer thickness, volume, shape, and arrangement on the connection element.
    [0068] The connection element can, for example, be welded or crimped to a plate, a braided wire, a mesh made, for example, of copper, and connected to the embedded electrical system.
    [0069] The connecting element according to the invention is preferably formed in one piece, but it can also consist of two or more sub-elements connected to each other, for example, welded.
    [0070] The connection element is preferably used in heated panels or panels with antennas in buildings, in particular in automobiles, railways, aircraft or aquatic equipment, the connection element serves to connect the conductive structures of the panel to electrical systems that are arranged outside the panel. Electrical systems are amplifiers, control units, or voltage sources.
    [0071] The invention is explained in detail with reference to drawings and modalities taken as an example. The drawings are a schematic representation and are not true to scale. The drawings do not restrict the invention in any way. They outline: figure 1 a perspective view of a first modality of the panel according to the invention, figure 1a a schematic representation of the heat distribution during the welding process, figure 2a a cross section AA 'through the panel of the figure 1, figure 2b a cross section BB 'through the panel of figure 1, figure 2c a cross section CC' through the panel of figure 1, figure 3 a cross section CC 'through an alternative panel according to invention, figure 4 a cross section BB 'through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 5 a cross section BB' through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 6 a cross section BB 'through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 7 a cross section AA 'through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 8 a cross section AA' through another alternative panel of ac according to the invention, figure 8a is a cross section AA 'through another alternative panel according to the invention, figure 9 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the panel according to the invention, figure 9a is a cross section DD 'through the panel of figure 9, figure 10 connecting element, figure 11 connecting element, figure 12 connecting, figure 13 element of a one a one view view seen in in in in in plant plant plant plant de de another another modality modality modality alternative modality alternative alternative do aa do connection element, figure 13a a cross section FF 'through the connection element of figure 13, figure 14 a detailed flow chart of the method according to invention.
    [0072] Figure 1, figure 2a, figure 2b and figure 2c show, in each case, a detail of a panel that can be heated 1, according to the invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The panel 1 is a thermally pre-tensioned insulated panel, 3 mm thick of safety glass, made of soda-lime glass. Panel 1 is 150 cm wide and 80 cm high. An electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a heat conductive structure 2 is printed on the panel 1. The electrically conductive structure 2 contains silver particles and glass chips. In the edge region of the panel 1 the electrically conductive structure 2 is extended to a width of 10 mm and forms a contact surface for the electrical connection element 3. In the edge region of the panel 1 there is also a screen printing cover (not shown). The connecting element 3 consists of two regions 7 and 7 'which are connected to each other by means of the bridge 9. On the surfaces of the foot 7 and 7' regions facing the substrate, two contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "are arranged in the region of the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 ", the welding material 4 makes a durable electrical and mechanical connection between the connecting element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The welding material 4 contains 57% by weight of bismuth , 40% by weight of tin and 3% by weight of silver. The welding material 4 is arranged through a pre-defined volume and shape completely between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The welding material 4 has a thickness of 250 pm. The electrical connection element 3 is made of steel of material number 1.4509 according to EM 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4059) with a thermal expansion coefficient of 10.0 x 10 '6 / ° C. Each of the contact surfaces 8, 8 'is in the form of a circular segment with a radius of 3 mm and a central angle α of 276 °. The bridge 9 consists of three flat segments 10, 11 and 1 2. The surface of each of the two segments 10 and 12 facing the substrate has an angle of 40 ° with the surface of the substrate 1. Segment 11 is arranged parallel to the substrate surface 1. The electrical connection element 3 is 24 mm long. The two foot regions 7 and 7 'are 6 mm wide, the bridge 9 is 4 mm wide.
    [0073] On each of the surfaces 13 and 13 'of the foot 7 and 7' regions facing away from the substrate, a contact shoulder 14 is arranged. The contact shoulders 14 are shaped like hemispheres and have a height of 2.5x 1CH and a width of 5x 104m. The centers of the contact shoulders 14 are arranged vertically with the substrate surface above the circle centers of the contact surfaces 8'and 8 ". The welding points 15 and 15 'are arranged at the points on the convex surface of the contact shoulders. 14 that have the maximum vertical distance from the substrate surface.
    [0074] Three spacers 19 are arranged on each of the contact surfaces 8'and 8 ''. Spacers 19 are shaped like hemispheres and have a height of 2.5 x 10-4 m and a width of 5 x 10-4 m.
    [0075] Steel of material number 1.4509 according to EM 10 088-2 has good cold forming properties and good welding properties with all methods, except gas welding. Steel is used for the construction of sound suppressing and exhaust gas detoxification systems, and is particularly suitable for this due to its resistance to deposit formation up to more than 950 ° C and resistance to corrosion against the stresses that occur in the gas discharge system.
    [0076] Figure 1a schematically outlines a simplified representation of the heat distribution around the welding points 15, 15 'during the welding process. The circular lines there are isotherms. The shape of the contact surfaces 8'and 8 "of the connection elements 3 of figure 1 is adapted to the heat distribution. Thus, the weld material 4 in the region of the contact surfaces 8'e 8 '' is melted evenly and completely.
    [0077] Figure 3 outlines in continuation to the modality taken as an example of figures 1 and 2c, an alternative modality of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 is provided on the surface facing the weld material 4 with a coating containing silver 5. This prevents spreading of the weld material beyond the coating 5 and limits the spill width b. In another embodiment, an adhesion promotion layer, made for example of nickel and / or copper, can be located between the connecting element 3 and the layer containing silver 5. The width b of the spillage of the welding material 4 is smaller than 1 mm. No critical mechanical stress is observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 via electrically conductive structure 2 is stable in a durable manner.
    [0078] Figure 4 delineates in continuation to the modality taken from the example of Figures 1 and 2c, another alternative modality of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The electrical connection element 3 contains, on the surface facing the weld material 4, a recess with a depth of 250 pm, which forms a weld deposit for weld material 4. It is possible to completely prevent spillage of the weld material 4 from the intermediate space. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 through electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0079] Figure 5 delineates in continuation to the example taken in Figures 1 and 2c, another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The foot 7 and 7 'regions of the electrical connection element 3 are folded upward over the edge regions. The height of the upward fold of the edge region of the glass panel 1 has a maximum of 400 pm. This forms a space for weld material 4. The predefined weld material 4 forms a concave meniscus between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. It is possible to prevent the welding material 4 from spilling completely from the space intermediate. The width of spill b roughly at 0 is less than zero, largely due to the formed meniscus. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 through electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0080] Figure 6 outlines another alternative embodiment of the connection element 3 according to the invention with the contact surfaces 8 ', 8 ”in the form of circular segments and the bridge 9 shaped in sections. Connection element 3 contains an alloy containing iron, with a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 x10 '6 / ° C. The thickness of the material is 2 mm. In the region of the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "of the connecting element 3, compensation elements conforming to hat 6 are applied with steel containing chromium of material number 1.4509 according to EM 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509) The maximum layer thickness of the compensating elements conforming to a hat 6 is 4 mm, using the compensating elements it is possible to adapt the thermal expansion coefficients of the connection element 3 to the requirements of the panel 1 and the weld material 4. The compensating elements shaped like hat 6 result in improved heat flow during the production of solder connection 4. Heating occurs primarily in the center of the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 ". It is also possible to reduce the spill width b of the weld material 4. Due to the low spill width b, of less than 1 mm, and the adapted expansion coefficient, it is possible to further reduce the thermal stresses in panel 1. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 through electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0081] Figure 7 delineates in continuation to the modality taken from the example of Figures 1 and 2a, an alternative modality of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The bridge 9 is curved and has the profile of a circular arch with a radius of curvature of 12 mm. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 via electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0082] Figure 8 outlines in continuation to the modality taken by the example of Figures 1 and 2a, an alternative modality of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. Bridge 9 is curved and changes its direction of curvature. Adjacent to the 7 and 7 'foot regions, the direction of curvature returns away from the substrate 1. Thus there are no edges on the connections 16, 16' between the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "and the bottom of the bridge 9. The bottom of the connection element 3 has a continuous progression.The thermal stresses in the panel 1 are non-critical and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between the connection element 3 and the panel 1 through the electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0083] Figure 8a outlines in continuation to the embodiment taken as an example of figures 1 and 2a another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The bridge 9 consists of two flat segments 22 and 23. The surface of each of the segments 22 and 23 facing the substrate has an angle of 20 ° with the surface of the substrate 1. Together, the surfaces of the two segments 22 and 23 facing for the substrate they have an angle of 140 °. The thermal stresses on panel 1 are non-critical, and a durable electrical and mechanical connection is provided between connection element 3 and panel 1 through electrically conductive structure 2.
    [0084] Figure 9 and figure 9a outline in each case a detail of another modality of panel 1 according to the invention in the region of the electrical connection element 3. The connection element 3 contains steel containing chrome of material number 1.4509 according to EM 10 088-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). The foot 7 and 7 'regions are connected to each other via bridge 9. Bridge 9 consists of three flat shaped segments 10, 11 and 12. Each of the contact surfaces 8', 8 "is shaped like a rectangle with semicircles arranged on opposite sides. Connecting element 3 is 24 mm long. Bridge 9 is 4 mm wide. Contact surfaces 8'and 8 "are 4 mm long and 8 mm wide.
    [0085] A contact shoulder 14 is arranged on each of the surfaces 13, 13 'of the foot 7 and 7' regions facing away from the substrate 1. Each contact shoulder 14 is shaped as a rectangular solid with a length of 3 mm and a width of 1 mm with the surfaces facing away from substrate 1 curved in a convex manner. The height of the contact shoulders is 0.6 mm. The welding points 15 and 15 'are arranged at the points on the convex surface of the contact shoulders 14 which have the maximum vertical distance from the substrate surface. Two spacers 19 that are shaped as hemispheres with a radius of 2.5 x 10-4 m are placed on each of the contact surfaces 8 ', 8 ". No critical mechanical stress was observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld 4. The connection of the panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 is durable and stable.
    [0086] Figure 10 outlines a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The foot 7 and 7 'regions are connected to each other via the bridge 9. The contact surfaces 8'and 8 "are formed as circular segments with a radius of 2.5 mm and a central angle α of 280 °. The bridge 9 is curved. The width of the bridge becomes smaller starting from connections 16 and 16 'to the contact surfaces 8 and 8' towards the center of the bridge. The minimum width of the bridge is 3 mm. No critical stress was observed on the panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of the panel 1 to an electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 is durable and stable.
    [0087] In an alternative embodiment of the invention the connection element 3 with a contour of figure 10 is not configured in the form of a bridge. Here the connecting element 3 is connected to the electrically conductive structure over its entire surface via a contact surface 8.
    [0088] Figure 11 and figure 11a outline in each case a detail of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The two foot regions 7 and 7 'are connected to each other via the bridge 9. Each contact surface 8' and 8 "is formed ωmo a circular segment with a radius of 2.5 mm and a central angle α of 280 °. The bridge 9 consists of two sub-elements, the sub-elements in each case having a curved sub-region 17 and 17 'and a flat sub-region 18 and 18'. The bridge 9 is connected to the foot 7 region via the sub - region 17 and the foot region 7 'through subregion 17. The curvature directions of subregions 17 and 17' return away from substrate 1. The flat subregions 18 and 18 'are arranged perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and are in direct contact with each other.The contact lugs 14 are shaped as hemispheres with a radius of 5 x 10-4 m.The spacers 19 are shaped as hemispheres with a radius of 2.5 x 104 m. connection element 3 has a length of 10 mm. The foot regions 7 and 7 'have a width of 5 mm, the bridge 9 has a width of 3 mm. The height of the bridge 9 from the top surface of substrate 1 is 3 mm. The height of the bridge 9 can preferably be between 1 mm and 5 mm. No critical mechanical stress was observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through electrically conductive structure 2 is stable in a durable manner.
    [0089] Figure 12 outlines a plan view of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The two foot regions 7 and 7 'are connected to each other through a curved bridge 9. Each contact surface 8'and 8 "is formed by a circle with a radius of 2.5 mm. The two connections 16 and 16 * between the foot 7 and 7 'regions is the bridge 9 are completely arranged on different sides of the direct connection line between the circle centers of the contact surfaces 8'and 8 ". The projection of the bridge to the plane of the substrate surface is curved. In this case, the direction of curvature changes at the center of the bridge. Laterally in the center of the bridge 9, two complexities are arranged opposite each other in the form of circular segments with radii of 2 mm. The radii of the complexities can preferably be between 1 mm and 3 mm. Complexities can, for example, also have a rectangular shape with a preferred length and width from 1 mm to 6 mm. Over the region of the bridge 9, which is bounded by the edges of the complexities, an electrically conductive material for connection to the embedded electrical system can, for example, be applied by welding or furrowing, for example. No critical mechanical stress was observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through electrically conductive structure 2 is stable in a durable manner.
    [0090] Figures 13 and 13a outline in each case a detail of another alternative embodiment of the connecting element 3 according to the invention. The connecting element 3 is connected over its entire surface to the electrically conductive structure 2 via a contact surface 8. The contact surface 8 is shaped like a rectangle with semicircles arranged on opposite sides. The contact surface is 14 mm long and 5 mm wide. The connecting element 3 is always folded upwards around the edge region 20. The height of the edge region 20 from the glass panel 1 is 2.5 mm. The height of the edge region 20 may, in alternative embodiments of the invention, preferably be between 1 mm and 3 mm. The extension element 21 is arranged on the upward folded edge on one of the two straight sides of the connecting element 3. The extension element 21 consists of a curved subregion and a flat subregion. The extension element 21 is connected to the edge region 20 of the connecting element 3 through the curved subregion and the direction of curvature is in the direction of the opposite side of the connecting element 3. The extension element 21 has in plan view a 11 mm long and 6 mm wide. The extension element 21 can preferably have a length between 5 mm and 20 mm, particularly preferably between 7 mm and 15 mm and a width of 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 4 mm to 8 mm. An electrically conductive material for connection to the embedded electrical system can, for example, be applied over the extension element 21, for example, by welding, frowning, or in the form of a connector plug. No critical mechanical stress is observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the weld material 4. The connection of panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 via electrically conductive structure 2 is stable in a durable manner.
    [0091] Figure 14 outlines in detail a method according to the invention, for producing a panel 1 with an electrical connection element 3. An example of the method according to the invention for producing a panel with a connection element electric 3 is shown here. As the first step, it is necessary to divide the welding material 4 according to shape and volume. The split weld material 4 is arranged on the contact surface 8 or the contact surfaces 8'and 8 "of the electrical connection element 3. The electrical connection element 3 is arranged with welding material 4 on the electrically conductive structure 2 A durable connection of the electrical connection element 3 with the electrically conductive structure 2, and thus to the panel 1, takes place through the energy input on the welding points 15 and 15 '.
    [0092] Test specimens were produced with panel 1 (thickness 3 mm, width 150 cm, and height 80 cm), the electrically conductive structure 2 in the form of a heat conductive structure, the electrical connection element 3 according to Figure 1, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "of the connection element 3 and the weld material 4. The material thickness of the connection element 3 was 0.8 mm. The connection element 3 contained steel of material number 1.4509 according to EM 10 082-2 (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509). Three spacers 19 were arranged on each of the contact surfaces 8 ', 8 ". Each welding spot 15 and 15 'was arranged on a contact shoulder 14. The welding material 4 was applied beforehand as a platelet with a layer thickness, volume and shape, fixed on the contact surfaces 8', 8 "of the connection element 3. Connection element 3 was applied with solder material 4 applied to the electrically conductive structure 2. Connection element 3 was welded to the electrically conductive structure 2 at a temperature of 200 ° C and a 2-second processing Spill of weld material 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2 that exceeded a layer thickness of 50 pm was observed only up to a maximum spill width b = 0 , 4 mm. The dimensions and compositions of the electrical connection element 3, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "of the connection element 3 and the welding material 4 are found in Table 1. None a critical mechanical stress was observed in panel 1 due to the arrangement of the welding material 4 predefined by the connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2. The connection of the panel 1 to the electrical connection element 3 through the electrically conductive structure 2 was stable in a durable way.
    [0093] With all specimens it was possible to observe, with a temperature difference from + 80 ° C to -30 ° C, that no glass substrate 1 broke or showed damage. It was possible to demonstrate that quickly after welding these panels 1 with the welded connection element 3 were stable against a sudden drop in temperature.
    [0094] In addition, test specimens were performed with a second composition of the electrical connection element 3. Here the connection element 3 contained an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy. The dimensions and compositions of the electrical connection element 3, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "of the connection element 3 and the welding material 4 are found in Table 2. With the welding material spilling 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2, which exceeded a layer thickness t of 50 pm, an average spill width b = 0.4 mm was obtained. that with a temperature difference from + 80 ° C to -30 ° C no glass substrate 1 broke or was damaged. It was possible to demonstrate that quickly after welding these panels 1, with the welded connection element 3, were stable against a sudden drop in temperature.
    [0095] In addition, test specimens were performed with a third composition of the electrical connection element 3. Here the connection element 3 contained a ferro-nickel alloy. The dimensions and compositions of the electrical connection element 3, the silver layer 5 on the contact surfaces 8 'and 8 "of the connection element 3, and the welding material 4 are found in Table 3. With the spillage of the weld 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2 which exceeded a layer thickness t of 50 pm an average spill width b = 0.4 mm was obtained. with a temperature difference of + 80 ° C to -30 ° C no glass substrate 1 broke or was damaged, it was possible to demonstrate that quickly after welding these panels 1 with the welded connection element 3 were stable against a sudden drop in temperature.



    Comparative example
    [0001] The comparative example was carried out the same as the example. The difference was in the shape of the connecting element. This was, according to the previous technique, connected to the electrically conductive structure through a rectangular contact surface. The shape of the contact surface has not been adapted to the heat distribution profile. No spacer was placed on the contact surface. Welding points 15 and 15 'were not arranged over contact shoulders. The dimensions and components of the electrical connection element 3 of the metal layer on the contact surface of the connection element 3 and the welding material 4 are found in Table 4. The connection element 3 was welded to the electrically conductive structure 2 according to with conventional methods by means of the welding material 4. With the pouring of the welding material 4 from the intermediate space between the electrical connection element 3 and the electrically conductive structure 2 which exceeded a layer of thickness t of 50 pm, a width mean spill b = 2 mm to 3 mm was obtained.
    [0002] With a sudden temperature difference from + 80 ° C to -30 ° C, it was observed that the glass substrates 1 suffered significant damage right after welding. Table 4


    [0001] It has been shown that panels according to the invention with glass substrates 1, and electrical connection elements 3 according to the invention, had better stability against sudden temperature differences.
    [0002] The result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art. LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS 1. Panel 2. Electrically conductive structure 3. Electrical connection element 4. Welding material 5. Wetting layer 6. Compensating element 7. Foot region of electrical connection element 3 7 '. Foot region of electrical connection element 3 8. Contact surface of connection element 3 8 '. Contact surface of connecting element 3 9. Bridge between the 7 and 7 'foot regions. 10. Bridge segment 9 11. Bridge segment 9 12. Bridge segment 9 13. Surface of the foot 7 region facing away from substrate 1 13 '. Surface of the foot 7 area facing away from the substrate 1 14. Contact shoulder 15. Welding point 15 '. Welding point 16. Contact surface connection 8 and bridge bottom 9 16 '. Contact surface connection 8 and bottom of bridge 9 17. Bridge sub-region 17 17 '. Sub-region of bridge 9 18. Sub-region of bridge 9 18 '. Bridge sub-region 9 19. Spacer 20. Edge region of connection element 3 21. Extension element 22. Bridge segment 9 23. Bridge segment 9 A. Central angle of a circular segment of a contact surface 8 b. maximum spill width of the welding material t. limit thickness of welding material A-A'- cut line B-B'- cut line CC- cut line 'D-D'- cut line E-E'- cut line F-F'- line cutting '
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Panel with at least one electrical connection element, characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a substrate (1), - an electrically conductive structure (2) over a region of the substrate (1), - a layer of a weld material (4) over a region of the electrically conductive structure (2), and - at least two welding points (15, 15 ') of the connecting element (3) on the welding material (4), where - the welding points welding (15, 15 ') form at least one contact surface (8) between the connecting element (3) and the electrically conductive structure (2), and - the shape of the contact surface (8) has at least one segment an oval, an ellipse, or a circle, with a central angle α of at least 90 °, in which each of the welding points (15, 15 ') is arranged on a contact shoulder (14), wherein the contact shoulders (14) are arranged on a surface (13, 13 ') of the connecting element (3) facing away from the substrate.
    [0002]
    2. Panel, according to claim 1, characterized in that - the welding points (15, 15 ') form two contact surfaces (8', 8 "), separated from each other, between the connecting element ( 3) and the electrically conductive structure (2), - the two contact surfaces (8, 8 ") are connected to each other through the surface of a bridge (9) facing the substrate (1), and - the shape of each of the two contact surfaces (8 ', 8 ") has at least one segment of an oval, an ellipse, or a circle with a central angle α of at least 90 °.
    [0003]
    3. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact surface (8) or the contact surfaces (8 ', 8 ") are formed in the form of a rectangle with two semicircles arranged on opposite sides .
    [0004]
    4. Panel according to claim 2, characterized in that each contact surface (8 ', 8 ") is formed in the form of a circle or circular segment with a central angle α of at least 180 °, preferably at least 220 °.
    [0005]
    5. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the substrate (1) contains glass, preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, sodium glass calcium, or polymers, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0006]
    6. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that spacers (19) are arranged on the contact surface (8) or the superfíciestact surfaces (8 ', 8 ").
    [0007]
    7. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the connecting element (3) contains at least one ferro-nickel alloy, a ferro-nickel-cobalt alloy or an iron alloy -chrome.
    [0008]
    8. Panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting element (3) contains at least 50% by weight up to 75% by weight of iron, 25% by weight up to 50% by weight of nickel, 0 % by weight up to 20% by weight of cobalt, 0% by weight up to 1.5% by weight of magnesium, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of silicon, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of carbon or 0 % by weight up to 1% by weight of manganese.
    [0009]
    9. Panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting element (3) contains at least 50% by weight up to 89.5% by weight of iron, 10.5% by weight up to 20% by weight chromium, 0% by weight up to 1% by weight of carbon, 0% by weight up to 5% by weight of nickel, 0% by weight up to 2% by weight of manganese, 0% by weight up to 2.5% by weight molybdenum, or 0% by weight to 1% by weight of titanium.
    [0010]
    10. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the solder material (4) contains tin and bismuth, indium, zinc, copper, silver, or compositions thereof.
    [0011]
    11. Panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the proportion of tin in the solder composition (4) is 3% by weight to up to 99.5% by weight and the proportion of bismuth, indium, zinc, copper , silver or compositions thereof is 0.5% by weight to 97% by weight.
    [0012]
    12. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connecting element (3) is coated with nickel, tin, copper and / or silver, preferably with 0.1 pm to 0.3 pm of nickel and / or 3 pm to 20 pm silver.
    [0013]
    13. Method for producing a panel with at least one electrical connection element (3) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a) welding material (4) is applied on the contact surface ( 8) or the contact surfaces (8 ', 8 ") of the connection element (3) as a nameplate with a fixed layer thickness, volume and shape, b) an electrically conductive structure (2) to be applied to a region of a substrate (1), c) the connecting element (3) with the weld material (4) is arranged on the electrically conductive structure (2), d) energy is introduced at the welding points (15, 15 '), and e) the connecting element (3) is welded to the electrically conductive structure (2).
    [0014]
    14. Use of a panel with at least one electrical connection element as defined in any of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that it is for vehicles with electrically conductive structures, preferably with heat conductors and / or antenna conductors.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2012252670B2|2015-05-21|
    BR112013028115A2|2017-06-27|
    US10355378B2|2019-07-16|
    MA35103B1|2014-05-02|
    KR20140024420A|2014-02-28|
    EP2708092A1|2014-03-19|
    EP2708092B1|2019-11-13|
    JP5886419B2|2016-03-16|
    MY171777A|2019-10-29|
    TW201304294A|2013-01-16|
    HUE047517T2|2020-04-28|
    JP2014520355A|2014-08-21|
    TWI556515B|2016-11-01|
    EA201391659A1|2014-03-31|
    AU2012252670A1|2013-11-28|
    CA2835553A1|2012-11-15|
    EP3576491A1|2019-12-04|
    DE202012013543U1|2017-08-10|
    CN103270809B|2016-02-03|
    ES2769640T3|2020-06-26|
    US20190288409A1|2019-09-19|
    KR101553762B1|2015-09-16|
    DK2708092T3|2020-02-24|
    EA026423B1|2017-04-28|
    CN103270809A|2013-08-28|
    DE202012013540U1|2017-08-10|
    MX2013013016A|2014-01-31|
    WO2012152542A1|2012-11-15|
    ZA201308341B|2014-07-30|
    CA2835553C|2019-06-11|
    PT2708092T|2020-02-21|
    US20140110166A1|2014-04-24|
    PL2708092T3|2020-05-18|
    AR086303A1|2013-12-04|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/04/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11165506|2011-05-10|
    EP11165506.4|2011-05-10|
    PCT/EP2012/056963|WO2012152542A1|2011-05-10|2012-04-17|Pane having an electrical connection element|
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