method and system for treating water used for industrial purposes

专利摘要:
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TREATING USED WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES A low cost method and system for the treatment of water to be used in an industrial process is provided. A system of the present invention generally includes at least one containment means, at least one means of coordination, at least one means of chemical application, at least one mobile suction means, and at least one means of filtration. The coordination means can control the necessary processes, depending on the needs of the system (for example, water quality or purity). The method and system of the invention purify water and eliminate suspended solids, without the need to filter the entire volume of water, but only a small fraction of filtration up to 200 times less than the flow filtered by a filtration system. conventional water treatment.
公开号:BR112013024628B1
申请号:R112013024628-6
申请日:2011-09-12
公开日:2020-10-27
发明作者:Fernando Fischmann T.
申请人:Crystal Lagoons (Curacao) B.V.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

This application was filed on September 12, 2011, as an International PCT Patent application in the name of
Crystal Lagoons Corporation LLC, a US national corporation, applying for the designation of all countries except the USA, and Fernando Fischmann T., a citizen of the
Chile, and claims priority for US Provisional Order no. serial number 61 / 469,537, filed on March 30, 2011, and US Utility Order no. serial 13 / 136,474, filed on August 1, 2011, and whose orders are hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a low cost method and system for the treatment of water, which will be used in an industrial process. The method and system of the invention purifies water and eliminates suspended solids, without the need to filter the entire volume of water, but only a small fraction of filtration up to 200 times less than the flow filtered through a filtration system. conventional water treatment. BACKGROUND
High-quality microbiological water with high clarity is a scarce resource that is required today for the processes of many industries. The treatment to obtain such water implies a great investment and operational costs and the processes are complex and present many problems that have not been effectively solved until today. In addition, the processes consume large amounts of energy and chemicals, which seriously damages the environment. Specifically, the removal of impurities that are contained in water, such as suspended solids, metals, algae and bacteria, among others, requires the installation of expensive and complex filtration systems that allow to filter the entire volume of water, thus presenting high energy consumption, high material and chemical requirements, and other resources that hinder this process.
High quality microbiological water is required during several important processes, such as pre-treatment of water for reverse osmosis desalination processes, for the treatment of water used in aquaculture, for the treatment and maintenance of water for the water industry. drinking water, for the treatment of industrial liquid waste, or for the mining industries, among others. The water of high microbiological quality and very low cost clarity of the present invention can also be used in other industrial processes that require water of high physical-chemical and microbiological quality. Desalination
There are several reasons for addressing the improvement of current desalination processes, since this industry is growing exponentially and will be very important in the future. Of the total water available in the world, 97% corresponds to sea water. Of the remaining 3% of fresh water available, 2.1% is frozen at the poles and only 0.9% is available for human consumption, which is found in rivers, lakes, or as groundwater. The limited availability of fresh water for human consumption is a problem that has increased with the growth of the global population and cultural change. About 40% of the world's population already suffers from problems caused by lack of access to freshwater sources.
Thus, as the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) warned, it is expected that around 3 billion people will suffer from severe water scarcity in the next 50 years. In addition, in 1999, UNEP identified water shortages, along with global warming, as the biggest problems for the new millennium. Freshwater resources are consumed at a higher rate than nature can replace them, and also, pollution and exploitation of groundwater and surface water has led to a reduction in the quantity and / or quality of natural resources. The combination of the increase in population, the lack of new sources of fresh water, and the increase in water consumption per capita, causes a worsening of regional tensions between countries that are located close to water resources. All of the above facts compel us to find a solution to the problem of water availability, not only to meet the future demands of humanity, but also to prevent the conflicts that water scarcity can lead to.
Conveniently, sea water is the most abundant resource on earth, a practically inexhaustible source of salt water, which is always available for use. Therefore, to solve the immense problems associated with a lack of fresh water, the best solution is to process seawater to provide fresh water for general consumption. The great availability of sea water contained in the oceans has led to the research and creation of technologies to remove salts in water through various processes, and to produce fresh water. The best technology available in the world to achieve this goal is the desalination process. Currently, around 130 countries worldwide are implementing some type of desalination process, and the installed capacity is expected to double by 2015.
The two most used desalination processes are the following: • Use of water evaporation, such as a distillation process, in such a way as to evaporate only the water molecules, leaving dissolved salts and minerals behind. This process is called thermal desalination. • Use of special membranes that allow the reverse osmosis process to be carried out, which separates water from salts by applying pressure on a semipermeable membrane. This process is called reverse osmosis.
In deciding which process to use, energy consumption is an important factor to consider. It is estimated that the energy consumption for the production of 1 m3 of water using thermal desalination is between 10 to 15 kWh / m3, while a process using reverse osmosis technology uses about 5 kWh / m3. This is because thermal desalination requires evaporation, so more energy is needed for the phase change process, making thermal desalination less efficient in terms of energy consumption. Current restrictions require improving the overall efficiency of processes, using technologies that meet the environmental requirements required by society, in addition to minimizing the carbon footprint and environmental impact.
In terms of the evolution of the technologies mentioned, since 2005 the global installed capacity of reverse osmosis desalination plants has exceeded the installed capacity of thermal installations. The projection is that in 2015 the world's desalination capacity will be distributed in 62% in reverse osmosis facilities and 38% in thermal desalination facilities. In fact, the worldwide capacity to produce fresh water in desalination plants using reverse osmosis technologies has increased by more than 300% in just 6 years.
Reverse osmosis is a process by which pressure is applied to a flow of water that has a high concentration of salts, through a semipermeable membrane, which allows only water molecules to pass through it. Because of this, the permeate that leaves the other side of the membrane corresponds to water of high microbiological quality with a low salt content. Within the operation of desalination facilities using reverse osmosis technology, there are two main stages: 1. Water pretreatment 2. Desalination stage
The second stage, which corresponds to the reverse osmosis process itself, has been extensively studied and efficiencies of up to 98% have been achieved (General Electric HERO Systems).
The first stage of the fresh water production process through reverse osmosis corresponds to the conditioning of salt water before reaching the semipermeable membrane, also called water pretreatment. This pretreatment stage experiences major problems related to the quality of the water required for the efficient operation of reverse osmosis membranes. In fact, it is estimated that 51% of reverse osmosis membranes fail due to a lack of pre-treatment, either due to poor design or poor operation, while 30% fail because of inadequate dosing of chemicals. Current methods, in addition to being inefficient due to high failure rates, have very high costs, thus stimulating research to find new methods to solve these problems. The problems that arise in the membranes depend on the characteristics of the feed water, which contaminates the filters and membranes located before pretreatment and also the reverse osmosis membranes. These problems are reflected in a shorter life and a higher frequency of maintenance and cleaning of the membranes, leading to increased operating and maintenance costs. The most common problems that arise due to poor water pretreatment are divided into 2 types: membrane damage and membrane blockage. The damage of the reverse osmosis membranes is mainly caused by the oxidation and hydrolysis of the membrane material due to various compounds in the feed water. Most reverse osmosis membranes cannot withstand the existing concentrations of residual chlorine, which is generally added in desalination processes to prevent biological growth. The membranes are expensive, so all possible precautions to maintain continuous operation and achieve the best possible performance must be taken, so the water must often be dechlorinated before passing through the membranes. Finally, the pH of the feed water must also be adjusted for optimal membrane operation. In addition, dissolved oxygen and other oxidizing agents must be removed to prevent damage to the membranes. The gases also affect the proper functioning of the membranes, so high concentrations must be avoided for perfect functioning. Current methods for regulating concentrations of gases and oxidizing agents are very expensive and inefficient.
On the other hand, the blocking of reverse osmosis membranes is largely responsible for the great inefficiencies that arise due to several reasons, for example, higher pressures must be applied on the feed water to pass through the membrane, longer downtime it is caused by the constant maintenance and washing that has to be carried out and high replacement costs of the materials used in the process. The blocking of membranes is caused by three main problems: bio-encrustation, deposition and colloidal encrustations.
Bio-encrustation is caused by the growth of colonies of bacteria or algae on the surface of the membrane. As chlorine cannot be used, there is a risk of developing a biomass film, thus preventing the flow of water and reducing the efficiency of the system.
Another major problem that causes obstruction is the obstruction. The deposit refers to precipitation and deposits of moderately soluble salt in membranes. In fact, under certain operating conditions, the solubility limits of some of the components present in the feed water can be exceeded, allowing precipitation. These components include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate and calcium fluoride, among others. In reverse osmosis units, the final stage is subject to the highest concentration of dissolved salts, and this is where the first signs of deposit begin to appear. The deposit due to precipitation is amplified by the phenomenon of concentration gradient on the surface of the membranes.
Obstruction or clogging by colloidal particles occurs when the water supply contains a large amount of suspended particles and colloidal matter, requiring constant washing to clean the membranes. The concentration of particles in the water can be measured and expressed in different ways. The most used parameter is turbidity, which must be kept at low levels for proper operation. The accumulation of particles on the surface of the membrane can adversely affect both the flow of feed water and the rejection properties of the reverse osmosis membrane. Colloidal fouling is caused by the accumulation of colloidal particles on the surface of the membrane and the formation of a cake-shaped layer. The decrease in permeate flow is determined on the one hand by the formation of a cake layer and, on the other hand, because of the high concentration of salt on the membrane surface caused by the obstructed diffusion of salt ions, causing an increase in osmotic pressure which reduces the net force impulse. The parameter monitored to prevent colloidal contamination is the Sand Density Index (SDI), and membrane manufacturers suggest an SDI of up to 4. Blocking the membranes may also occur due to incrustations by Natural Organic Matter (NOM). Natural organic matter clogs the membrane due to: the narrowing of the pores associated with the adsorption of natural organic matter on the pore walls, the colloidal organic matter that acts as a stop at the opening of the pores, or forming a continuous layer of gel that lines the membrane surface. This layer creates great inefficiencies and clogging of this layer must therefore be avoided at all costs.
Currently, pre-treatment of water before entering the desalination process generally includes the following steps: 1. Chlorination to reduce the organic and bacteriological load of raw water 2. Sand filtration to reduce turbidity 3. Acidification to reduce pH and reduce limestone processes 4. Inhibition of calcium and barium deposits using antideposites 5. Dechlorination to remove residual chlorine 6. Particulate filter cartridges required by membrane manufacturers 7. Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NC)
Among the pre-treatment steps above, the costs of the filtration steps, or more sophisticated filtration steps or with sand filters, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, result in high costs, along with a number of inconveniences. In particular, if the pretreatment is not sufficient, the filters are clogged with organic matter, colloids, algae, microorganisms and / or larvae. In addition, the requirement to filter the volume of water to be processed in the installation to reduce turbidity and particulate removal imposes severe restrictions in terms of energy, costs of implementation and installation, as well as during operation in terms of maintenance and replacement of filters. In addition, today's pretreatment systems are very inefficient and costly due to the devices to be implemented and the ongoing operation and maintenance tasks that are expensive and difficult to perform.
In short, increasingly scarce freshwater resources have created a supply problem worldwide that has resulted in the design and implementation of various desalination technologies. Reverse osmosis desalination is a promising technology to address the growing scarcity of freshwater resources, and this technology is designed to grow significantly in the future. However, a cost effective and energy efficient means of pre-treating feedwater poses a significant problem for reverse osmosis desalination plants. An efficient technology that operates at low cost and is capable of producing water of sufficient quality for use as a raw material in desalination processes is necessary. Aquaculture Industry
The aquaculture industry is focused on the creation of aquatic species, plants and animals, from which the raw materials for the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, among others, are obtained. Aquatic species are grown in fresh water or in the sea, where mainly fish, molluscs, crustaceans, macroalgae and microalgae are grown. Due to the growth of the industry, the development of new technologies, and the environmental standards imposed by the international community, there is a need to minimize the environmental impact of the aquaculture industry and, at the same time, maintain adequate control of operating conditions. For this, the cultivation of aquatic species is no longer located on the site in natural sources of water, such as the sea, for facilities designed specifically for this purpose.
In addition to the traditional culture of these species as a raw material in the food, pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries in general, aquatic species are also used in the energy sector to generate energy from unconventional renewable sources, in particular, for the production of biofuels, such as biodiesel from microalgae.
With regard to biofuels, it should be noted that the world energy matrix is organized around fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), which provide about 80% of the global energy consumption. Biomass, hydroelectric and other "unconventional" energy sources, such as solar energy, are renewable energy sources. In the last group, representing only 2.1% of the matrix, wind energy, solar energy and biofuels are included, which in turn include biogas, biodiesel and ethanol, mainly.
Because fossil and nuclear energy sources are finite, future demand may not be met. Thus, energy policy in developing countries is considering the introduction of alternative energies. In addition, the abuse of conventional energy, such as oil and coal, among others, leads to problems such as pollution, the increase in the greenhouse effect and degradation of the ozone layer. Therefore, the production of clean, renewable and alternative energies is an economic and environmental necessity. In some countries, the use of biofuels mixed with petroleum fuels has forced the massive and efficient production of biodiesel, which can be obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats and algae.
The production of biodiesel from algae does not require the extensive use of agricultural land. Thus, it does not affect world food production, because algae can grow in reduced spaces and have very fast growth rates, with biomass doubling times of 24 hours. As a result, algae are a source of continuous and inexhaustible energy production, and they also absorb carbon dioxide for their growth, which can be captured from various sources, such as thermal power plants.
The main systems for the growth of microalgae correspond to: • Lakes: Since algae require sunlight, carbon dioxide and water, they can be grown in open ponds and ponds. • Photobioreactors: A photobioreactor is a controlled and closed system including a light source, which, being closed, requires the addition of carbon dioxide, water and light.
With regard to lakes, the cultivation of algae in open tanks has been extensively studied. This category of tanks are natural bodies of water (lakes, ponds, dams, sea) and artificial tanks or other containers. The most used systems are large dams, tanks, circular tanks and shallow water channel tanks. One of the main advantages of open tanks is that they are easier to build and operate than most closed systems. However, the main constraints on natural open tanks are evaporation losses, requiring large land areas, pollution from predators and other competitors in the tank, and the inefficiency of agitation mechanisms resulting in low biomass productivity.
To this end, "water channel tanks" were created, which are operated continuously. In these tanks, the algae, water and nutrients are circulated on a type of track, and are mixed with the aid of paddle wheels, to resuspend the algae in the water, so that they are in constant movement, and always receive sunlight. . The tanks are shallow, due to the need for light for the algae, and for the penetration of sunlight to reach a limited depth.
Photobioreactors allow the cultivation of a single species of microalgae for a long period of time and are ideal for the production of algae biomass. Photobioreactors, in general, have a diameter less than or equal to 0.1 m, because a longer interval would prevent light from entering the deeper areas, since the density of the culture is very high, in order to achieve a high yield . Photobioreactors require refrigeration during the day, as well as the need for temperature control at night. For example, the loss of biomass produced during the night can be reduced by lowering the temperature during these hours.
The biodiesel production process depends on the type of algae grown that are selected based on performance characteristics and adaptation to environmental conditions. The production of microalgae biomass is initiated in photobioreactors, where CO2, which usually comes from energy facilities, is fed. Later, before entering the stationary growth phase, the microalgae are transported from photobioreactors to larger volume tanks, where they continue to develop and multiply, until the maximum value of the biomass density is reached. The algae are then harvested by different separation processes to obtain algae biomass, which is finally processed to extract biofuel products.
For the cultivation of microalgae, purified water that is practically sterile is necessary, since productivity is affected by contamination by other undesirable species of algae or microorganisms. The water is conditioned according to the specific culture medium, also according to the needs of the system.
The essential factors to control the growth rate of algae are as follows: • Light: Necessary for the photosynthesis process • Temperature: ideal temperature range for each type of algae • Medium: water composition is an important consideration, for example, salinity • PH: algae generally require a pH between 7 and 9 to obtain an optimal growth rate. • Strain: each seaweed has a different growth rate • Gases: Algae require CO2 to perform photosynthesis • Mixing: to prevent algae from settling and to ensure homogeneous exposure to light • Photoperiod: light and dark cycles
Algae are very tolerant to salinity, most species grow best with a salinity that is slightly lower than the salinity found in the natural environment of algae, which is obtained by diluting sea water with fresh water. Drinking Water Industry
The water industry supplies drinking water to the residential, commercial and industrial sectors of the economy. In order to provide drinking water, the industry in general begins its operations by collecting water of high microbiological quality and clarity from natural sources, which is then stored in reservoirs for future use. The water can be stored for long periods in the reservoir, without being used. The quality of water stored for a long period of time begins to deteriorate, as microorganisms and algae proliferate in the water, making the water unfit for human consumption.
Since the water is no longer suitable for consumption, it must be processed in a drinking water treatment facility, where it passes through various stages of purification. In the purification facilities, chlorine and other chemicals are added in order to produce high quality water. The reaction of chlorine with organic compounds present in water can produce several toxic by-products or by-products of disinfection (DBP). For example, in the reaction of chlorine with ammonia, chloramines are undesirable by-products. The additional reaction of chlorine or chloramines with organic matter will produce trihalomethanes, which have been indicated as carcinogenic compounds. Also, depending on the disinfection method, new DBPs have been identified, such as iodinated trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, haloacetaldehydes, and nitrosamines. In addition, bathers' exposure to organic matter and chlorine has been cited as a contributing factor to potential respiratory problems, including asthma. Wastewater Industries
Waste water is treated daily to produce clean water used for different purposes. There is a need to treat wastewater that produces small amounts of sludge and waste, and also using less chemicals and energy. Mining Industry
Mining is a very important industry worldwide and it contributes a lot to the economy of each nation. Mining industries need water for many of their processes, a resource that is limited and that becomes scarcer every day. Some mining industries have developed technologies for the use of sea water in most of their processes, being able to operate only with this resource.
Mines are generally located at great distances and heights from the coast, so the water has to travel many kilometers to reach the mines. For the transport of large amounts of water, pumping stations have been built, along with very long tubes, in order to pump seawater into the mines.
Pumping stations consist of structures that comprise high-powered pumps, which send the collected seawater to the next pumping station, and so on. The pumping stations also comprise a containment structure to maintain seawater in case of any problems that may occur in the previous pumping stations. These containment structures may eventually develop several problems that affect the pumping process, such as the bio-encrustation of the walls and internal surfaces of the pipes. Bio-encrustation causes the deterioration of materials, as well as the reduction of the transversal area of the pipes, imposing higher operational and maintenance costs. In addition, the water inside the containment structures begins to deteriorate due to the growth of microalgae, which negatively interferes with the seasonal processes and leads to several important problems such as bio-encrustation. Residual Treatment of Industrial Liquids
Some industries have residual liquids that may not meet the requirements of irrigation, infiltration, or discharge imposed by the local government. In addition, some industries have sedimentation tanks or other means of containment to allow natural water processes to occur, such as the emission of gases, or other substances that cause a bad odor or color properties.
As discussed above, current water treatment methods and systems for industrial purposes have high operating costs, which require the use of large quantities of chemicals, are prone to scale, produce undesirable by-products, such as gases and other substances that cause bad odor or color properties, and require filtration of the entire volume of water. Improved water treatment methods and systems for industrial use, which are low cost and more efficient than conventional water treatment filtration systems are desirable. State of the art
Patent JP2011005463A presents a control system for the injection of coagulants and flocculants in water purification installations. This system is based on the use of a sensor that measures the turbidity of the quantity and quality of the water before the addition of coagulants and flocculants. The system uses a classifier that measures the flocculant size after sedimentation and classifies treated water according to the measurements. According to the turbidity measurements, the control system calculates the injection rate of coagulant and flocculant, which are applied in installations destined to this medium. The calculations of the dosed compounds are corrected according to a function that determines a correction factor according to the turbidity measured before and after treatment. After sedimentation of the particles, there is a filtering phase, which filters the entire volume of treated water.
The disadvantages of the JP2011005463A patent are that it does not control the organic content or the microorganisms present in the water, since the system does not include the use of disinfectants or oxidizers. In addition, the system in JP2011005463A does not reduce the metal content in the water and is based on the constant measurement of the parameters, therefore having high demands in terms of sensors and other measuring devices. In addition, the patent JP2011005463A requires filtration of the entire volume of water that is treated, which imposes high energy demands and high installation and maintenance costs on the system necessary for such filtration. SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified way, which are further described later in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the necessary or essential resources of the subject in question. Nor is this summary intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed matter.
The method and system built in accordance with the principles of the present invention purify water and remove solids, metals, algae, bacteria and other suspended items from water, at very low costs, and without the need to filter the entire system. volume of water. Only a small fraction of the total volume of water is filtered, up to 200 times less than the flow filtered through conventional water treatment filtration systems. Treated water can be used for industrial purposes, such as the treatment of water that will be used as raw material for industrial purposes or for the treatment of liquid industrial waste, for infiltration, irrigation, discharge, or for other purposes.
With regard to desalination by reverse osmosis, the present invention provides a method and system for the pre-treatment and maintenance of the feed water that uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than conventional pre-treatment technologies.
In relation to the aquaculture industry, the water produced by the present invention achieves the characteristics required for the inoculation of algae, using a filtering medium that requires only a fraction of the total volume of water to be filtered. The present invention provides high quality microbiological water, which is used for inoculating microalgae and other microorganisms. The use of treated water, for example, in water channel lagoons, represents a high cost reduction, since one of the main problems of the industry is in preparing the water for inoculation. In addition, the present invention allows the treatment of water after the algae have grown and are harvested. Therefore, water can be reused creating a sustainable method for the aquaculture industry.
By using the method and system of the present invention in drinking water industries, the water stored in the reservoir can be maintained at very low costs, without the proliferation of microorganisms and algae that can deteriorate the quality of the water. Thus, drinking water treated according to the method and system of the present invention need not be processed in a drinking water treatment plant. Therefore, the present invention minimizes the generation of toxic by-products and disinfection by-products (DBPs) produced by the drinking water treatment facility and reduces capital costs, the quantities of chemicals used, operating costs and the environmental impact and footprint. treatment of a drinking water facility. The present invention maintains water from very pure natural sources in a state of high microbiological quality at low cost in an environment without deterioration or generation of toxic DBPs.
The present invention can be used for the treatment of water that comes from waste water treatment facilities at very low cost, odor removal and obtaining high clarity water with low levels of turbidity. The quantities of residues and sludge are considerably reduced compared to conventional effluent treatments, thus providing a sustainable method that is environmentally friendly.
With regard to the mining industries, the present invention relates to a method and system for the treatment of water that avoids bio-encrustation in pumping stations, thus reducing the costs of operation and maintenance. The present invention can also be used for the treatment of industrial liquid waste from various industries, in order to comply with the requirements of irrigation, infiltration, or discharge imposed by local governments.
The method and system of the present invention provides a low-cost water treatment process for use in industrial processes that, unlike conventional filtration water treatment systems, purify water and eliminate solids suspended in water by filtration. a small fraction of the total volume of water.
In one embodiment, the method of the invention comprises: a. Collect water with a concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 60,000 ppm, b. Store said water in at least one containment means, wherein said containment means has a base capable of being completely cleaned by means of mobile suction, c. Within 7-day periods: i. For water temperatures of up to 35 degrees Celsius, keep that water ORP of at least 500 mV, for a minimum period of 1 hour for each degree Celsius of the water temperature, by adding disinfectants to the water, ii. For water temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius or above 69 degrees Celsius, maintain the said water ORP of at least 500 mV, for a minimum of hours by adding disinfectants to the water, where the minimum of hours is calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius - 35] = minimum period of hours, and iii. For water temperatures of 70 degrees Celsius or more, keep that water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum of 1 hour. d. Activate the following processes through a means of coordination, where the processes purify water and eliminate suspended solids by filtering only a small fraction of the total volume of water; i. Apply oxidizing agents to prevent iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1 ppm; ii. Apply coagulants, flocculants, or a mixture of them to prevent turbidity from exceeding 5 NTU; iii. Succeed the flow of water containing the sedimented particles, produced by the previous processes, with a mobile suction medium to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 100 mm on average; iv. Filter the suction flow by means of mobile suction, with at least one filtering medium, and v. Return the filtered water to the said at least one containment medium; and. Use said treated water in a downstream process.
In one embodiment, the system of the invention comprises: - at least one water supply line (7) for at least one containment means (8); - at least one containment means (8), comprising a receiving means for the sedimented particles (17), which is fixed to the bottom of said containment means; - at least one means of coordination (1), where the means of coordination timely activates the processes necessary to adjust the water parameters within the limits specified by an operator or a means of coordination; - at least one means of applying chemicals (4), which is activated by said at least one means of coordination; - at least one mobile suction medium (5), which moves through the bottom of said at least one suction medium, containing the water flow containing the sedimented particles; - at least one propulsion means (6) that provides movement for said at least one mobile suction means so that it can move through the bottom of said at least one containment means; - at least one filter medium (3) that filters the water flow containing the sedimented particles; - at least one collection line (15) coupled between said at least one mobile suction medium and said at least one filter medium; - at least one return line (16) from said at least one filter means to said at least one containment means; and - at least one water supply line (18) from said at least one containment means for at least one downstream process.
In the system, the receiving medium is generally covered with a material comprising membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic liners, concrete, or coated concrete, or a combination thereof. The coordination means is capable of receiving information, processing information, and activating other processes, such as chemical application means, mobile suction means, and filtering means. The chemical application medium generally includes injectors, skimmers, manual application, weight dispensers, piping, or a combination thereof. The propulsion means drives the mobile suction means and typically includes a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manual propulsion system, a robotic system, a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine, a floating device with an engine, or a combination thereof. The filtration medium includes a cartridge filter, sand filter, microfilter, ultrafilter, nanofilter, or a combination thereof, and is generally connected to the mobile suction medium via a collection line comprising a flexible, rigid, piping, or a combination thereof.
The present invention addresses several environmental problems that arise in the water treatment processes affected by bacteria and microalgae. The inventor of the new technology disclosed here, Mr. Fernando Fischmann, has developed many new advances in water treatment technology that are being rapidly adopted worldwide. In a short period of time, the technologies of the invention related to crystalline recreational ponds have been incorporated into more than 180 projects worldwide. The inventor and his advances in water treatment technology have been the subject of more than 2,000 articles, as can be seen at http://press.crystal-lagoons.com/. The inventor has also received important international awards for innovation and entrepreneurship related to these advances in water treatment technology and has been the subject of interviews with leading media outlets, including CNN, BBC, FUJI, and Bloomberg business week (Bloomberg's Businessweek ).
Both the previous summary and the following detailed description are examples and are for explanation only. Therefore, the previous summary and the following detailed description should not be considered as restrictive. In addition, characteristics or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, certain modalities can be directed to different combinations of characteristics and subcombination described in the detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 is a process flow diagram illustrating water treatment in an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 shows a top view of the water-containing structure, such as a lake, in an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Although the modalities of the invention can be described, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example, substitutions, additions or modifications can be made to the elements illustrated in the drawings, and the methods described here can be modified by substitution, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods. Consequently, the following detailed description does not limit the scope of the invention. Although systems and methods are described in terms of "understanding" of various devices or steps, systems and methods can also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" various devices or steps, unless otherwise noted. Definitions
In light of this disclosure, the following terms or phrases must be understood with the meanings described below.
The terms "container" or "containment means" are used here generically to describe any large artificial water body, including artificial ponds, artificial lakes, artificial tanks, swimming pools and the like. The term "means of coordination" is used here generically to describe an automated system that is capable of receiving information, processing it and making a decision accordingly. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, this can be done by one person, but more preferably with a computer connected to sensors. The term "chemical application means" is used here generically to describe a system that applies chemicals in water. The term "mobile suction means" is used here generically to describe a suction device, which is able to travel between the bottom surface of the sedimentation material suction and containment means. The term "propelling means" is used here generically to describe a propulsion device that provides movement, either by pushing or pulling another device. The term "filter media" is used here generically to describe a filter system encompassing terminology such as a filter, strainer, separator, and the like.
As used here, the general types of water and their respective concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) (in mg / L) are fresh water, with TDS <1,500; brackish water, with 1,500 <TDS <10,000, and sea water, with TDS> 10,000.
As used herein, the term "high quality microbiological water" comprises a preferred aerobic bacteria count of less than 200 CFU / ml, more preferably less than 100 CFU / ml, and more preferably less than 50 CFU / ml.
As used herein, the term "high clarity" comprises a preferred level of turbidity of less than 10 Turbidity Units per Nephelometer (NTU), preferably less than 7 NTU and even more preferably less than 5 NTU.
As used herein, the term "low fouling levels" comprises a preferred SDI index of less than 6, more preferably, less than 5, and even more preferably, less than 4.
As used here, the term "small fraction" corresponding to the volume of filtered water comprising a flow up to 200 times less than the filtered flow in traditionally configured filtering water treatment systems.
As used here, the term "traditional water treatment filtration systems" or "conventional water treatment filtration system" comprises a filtration system that filters the entire volume of water that has to be treated from 1 to 6 times a day. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for treating water at a low cost. The method and system of the invention purifies water and eliminates suspended solids from water without the need to filter the entire volume of water. The present invention filters only a small fraction of the total volume of water, which corresponds to a flow up to 200 times less than for traditional methods of water treatment. The treated water produced by the method and system of the invention can be used for industrial purposes, such as a raw material for industrial purposes. The method and system of the invention can also be used to treat industrial liquid waste, in order to make liquid waste suitable for infiltration, irrigation, discharge, or for other purposes.
The water treated by a method or system of the invention can be fresh water, brackish water or sea water. The method and the system include a means of coordination that allows the timely activation of the processes necessary to adjust the controlled parameters within limits defined by the operator. The present invention uses much less chemicals than traditional water treatment systems, since chemicals are applied according to the needs of the systems using an algorithm that depends on the temperature of the water, thus avoiding having to maintain permanent concentrations of chemicals in the water, which results in higher operating costs.
A system of the invention generally includes at least one containment means, at least one coordination means, at least one chemical application means, at least one mobile suction means and at least one filtration means. Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system of the invention. The system includes a containment means (8). The size of the containment means is not particularly limited, however, in many embodiments the containment means can have a volume of at least 15,000 m3, or, alternatively, at least 50,000 m3. It is contemplated that the containers or containment medium can have a volume of 1 million m3, 50 million m3, 500 million m3, or more. The containment medium (8) has a base capable of receiving bacteria, algae, suspended solids, metals and other particles that are deposited from the water. In one embodiment, the containment means (8) includes a receiving means (17) for receiving particles or resolved materials from the water to be treated. A receiving means (17) is fixed to the bottom of the containment means (8) and, preferably, it is constructed of a non-porous material capable of being cleaned. The lower part of the containment means (8) is generally covered with non-porous material, allowing the mobile suction medium (5) to travel through the entire lower surface of the containment medium (8) and suction out the sedimented particles produced by any of the processes disclosed herein. Non-porous materials can be membranes, geomembranes, geotextile membranes, plastic liners, concrete, coated concrete, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower part of the containment means (8) is covered with plastic liners. The containment means (8) can include an inlet line (7) for the feed water to the containment means (8). The inlet line (7) allows the replacement of the containment medium (8) due to evaporation, water consumption due to use in an industrial process, and other water losses. The system includes at least one means of coordination (1) that can control the necessary processes, depending on the needs of the system (for example, the quality or purity of the water). Such processes may include activating (13) a chemical application medium (4) and activating (11) a mobile suction medium (5). The coordination means (1) can vary the flow of treated water to the industrial process (2) based on the information (12), such as the output or production rate. The control means can also receive information (9) about the entry line (7), as well as receive information (10) about the water quality and the thickness of the sedimented material at the bottom of the containment means (8). The coordination medium (1) allows the addition of chemicals to the containment medium (8) only when they are really needed, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration in the water by applying an algorithm that depends on the water temperature . Thus, there can be a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals used up to 100 times, compared to conventional water treatment protocols, which reduces operating costs. The coordination means (1) can receive information (10) about the water quality parameters that are controlled and can opportunely activate the processes necessary to adjust said quality parameters within the respective limits. The information (10) received by means of coordination (1) can be obtained through visual inspection, empirical methods, algorithms based on experience, by electronic detectors, or combinations thereof. The coordination means (1) can include one or more people, electronic devices, any means capable of receiving information, processing that information, and activating other processes, and that includes their combinations. An example of a control means is a computing device, such as a personal computer. The coordination means (1) can also include sensors used to receive information (10) about water quality parameters.
The chemical application means (4) are activated by means of coordination (1) and chemicals are applied or dispensed (14) in the water. The chemical application medium (4) includes, but is not limited to, injectors, skimmers, manual application, weight dispensers, piping, and combinations thereof.
The mobile suction medium (5) moves along the bottom of the containment medium (8), sucking water containing particles and sedimented materials produced by any of the processes described here. A propulsion means (6) is coupled to the mobile suction means (5), allowing the mobile suction means (5) to travel through the lower part of the containment means (8). The propulsion means (6) drives the mobile suction means (5) using a system selected from a rail system, a cable system, a self-propelled system, a manual propulsion system, a robotic system, a system guided by from a distance, a boat with an engine or a flotation device with an engine, or combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the propulsion means is a boat with an engine.
The water sucked in by the mobile suction medium (5) can be sent to a filter medium (3). The filtering medium (3) receives the flow of water sucked through the mobile suction medium (5) and filters the suctioned water containing the particles and sedimented materials, thus eliminating the need to filter the entire volume of water (for example, just filters out a small fraction). The filter medium (3) includes, but is not limited to, cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, nanofilters, ultrafilters, and combinations thereof. The suctioned water can be sent to the filter medium (3) via a collection line (15) connected to the mobile suction medium (5). The collection line (15) can be selected from flexible cables, rigid cables, pipes of any material, and their combinations. The system can include a return line (16) from the filter medium (3) back to the containment medium (8) to return the filtered water.
The system can also include a water outlet line (18) that supplies treated water from the containment medium (8) to the industrial process (2). Examples of the industrial process include, but are not limited to, reverse osmosis, desalination, evaporation, purification, algae cultivation, aquaculture process, a mining process, and combinations thereof. The industrial process can use treated water as a raw material (21) for its processes, or it can apply the method to treat waste water (22) for different purposes, such as maintenance, irrigation, infiltration, or discharge, among others. The limits of predetermined parameters depend on the requirements of the industrial process (2). The industrial process (2), in turn, can modify the limits (12) in order to adjust its processes. Figure 2 shows a top view of a system of the invention. The containment medium (8) can include a supply piping system (7) that allows replacement of the containment medium (8) due to evaporation, water consumption in an industrial process, or other water loss from the medium containment (8). The containment means (8) can also include injectors (19) arranged along the perimeter of the containment means (8) for the application or dispensing of chemicals in the water. The containment means (8) can also include skimmers (20) for removing oils and particles from the surface.
In one embodiment, a system of the invention includes the following elements: - at least one water supply line (7) for at least one containment means (8); at least one containment means (8), comprising a means for receiving the sedimented particles (17) produced by any of the processes disclosed herein, which is fixed to the bottom of said containment means; - at least one means of coordination (1), where the means of coordination opportunely activates the processes necessary to adjust the parameters within their limits; at least one means of applying chemicals (4), which is activated by said at least one means of coordination; - at least one mobile suction means (5), which moves through the bottom of said at least one containment means which sucks in the water flow containing the sedimented particles produced by any of the processes disclosed herein; at least one propulsion means (6) that provides movement for said at least one mobile suction means so that it can move through the bottom part of said at least one containment means; - at least one filter medium (3) that filters the water flow containing the sedimented particles, thus not needing to filter the entire volume of water, but only filtering a small fraction; - at least one collection line (15) coupled between said at least one mobile suction medium and said at least one filter medium; - at least one return line (16) from said at least one filter means to said at least one containment means; and - at least one water outlet line (18) from said at least one containment means for a downstream process.
This same system allows the elimination of other compounds that are susceptible to sedimentation with the addition of a chemical agent, since the mobile suction medium (5) will suction all sedimented particles from the bottom of the containment medium (8 ). The method of the invention for treating water can be carried out at a low cost compared to traditional water treatment systems, since the present invention uses less chemicals and consumes less energy than traditional water treatment systems. In one respect, the present method uses significantly less chemicals compared to traditional water treatment systems, as an algorithm is applied that allows the maintenance of an ORP of at least 500 mV for a given period of time, depending on the water temperature, which keeps the water having high microbiological quality according to the needs of the process in which the water will be used. The present method is carried out in a system as described herein that includes a means of coordination (1). The coordination means determines when to apply the chemicals to the water, in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits, based on the information received from the system. Once a means of coordination is used, chemicals are applied only when they are needed, avoiding the need to maintain a permanent concentration of chemicals in the water. Thus, there is a considerable reduction in the amount of chemicals, up to 100 times less than traditional water treatment systems, which reduces operating and maintenance costs.
In another aspect, the method and system of the invention filter only a small fraction of the total volume of water within a given period of time compared to conventional water treatment filtration systems that filter a much larger volume of water in the same period of time. In one embodiment, the small fraction of the total water volume is up to 200 times less than the flow processed in traditionally configured centralized filtration systems, which filter the entire volume of water within the same period of time. The filter medium of the method and system of the invention operates in short periods of time due to orders received from the coordination medium, thus the filter medium has a very small capacity, and up to 50 times less capital costs and energy consumption in compared to the centralized filtration unit required for water processing with traditional methods.
The method and system of the invention allows water treatment at low costs. The method and system removes metals, bacteria, algae, and the like from water and provides treated water having low levels of scale, measured as Sludge Density Index (SDI). Thus, the method and the system provide high microbiological quality and clarity of the water, which can be used for industrial purposes. In one embodiment, the method and system of the invention can treat water that will be used as a raw material for industrial purposes. The method and system can also be used to treat industrial liquid waste for infiltration, irrigation, flushing, or for other purposes using less chemical products than conventional water treatment systems and without filtering the entire volume of water, as in conventional water treatment systems.
In one embodiment, the method of the invention includes the following stages: a. Collect water (7) with a concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 60,000 ppm; B. Store said water in at least one containment means (8), where said containment means has a bottom part (17) capable of being carefully cleaned by a mobile suction means; ç. Within 7-day periods: i. For water temperatures up to 35 degrees Celsius, maintain the said ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum period of 1 hour for each degree Celsius of the water temperature, by adding disinfectants to the water; ii. For water temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius and up to 69 degrees Celsius, keep the said water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum of hours, by adding disinfectants to the water, where the minimum hours are calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius - 35] = minimum period of hours; and iii. For water temperatures of 70 degrees Celsius or more, maintain the said water ORP of at least 500 mV for a minimum of 1 hour. d. Activate the following processes through the coordination means (1), where the processes eliminate suspended solids by filtering only a small fraction of the total volume of water, thus replacing conventional water treatments that filter the entire volume of water : i. Apply oxidizing agents to prevent iron and manganese concentrations from exceeding 1 ppm; ii. Apply coagulants, flocculants, or a mixture of them to prevent turbidity from exceeding 5 NTU; iii. Succeed the flow of water containing the sedimented particles, produced by the previous processes, with a mobile suction medium (5) to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 100 mm, on average; iv. Filter the suction flow through the mobile suction medium (5), with at least one filter medium (3); and v. Return filtered water to said at least one containment medium (8); and. Use said treated water in a downstream process.
Water treated by the method of the invention can be provided by a natural water source, such as an ocean, groundwater, lakes, rivers, treated water, or combinations thereof. The water can also be supplied by an industrial process in which the light residues of the industrial process are treated according to the method of the invention so that the treated liquid residues can be used for infiltration, discharge, irrigation or other purposes.
Disinfectant agents can be applied to the water by means of product application (4), in order to maintain an ORP level of at least 500 mV, for a minimum period of time according to the water temperature, within 7-day periods in time. Disinfectant agents include, but are not limited to, ozone, biguanide products, algaecides and antibacterial agents, such as copper products; iron salts; alcohols, chlorine and chlorine compounds; peroxides; phenolic compounds; iodophores; quaternary amines (polyquaternary ammonium) in general, such as benzalkonium chloride and S-triazine; peracetic acid; halogen-based compounds; bromine-based compounds, and their combinations.
If the water temperature is up to 35 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum of 1 hour for each degree Celsius of the water temperature. For example, if the water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 25 hours, which can be spread over the period of 7 days.
If the water temperature is above 35 degrees Celsius or above 69 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of hours which is calculated using the following equation: [35 hours] - [Temperature of water in degrees Celsius - 35] = minimum period of hours
For example, if the water temperature is 50 degrees Celsius, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 20 hours ([35] - [50-35]), which can be spread over the 7 days.
Finally, if the water temperature is 70 degrees Celsius or more, an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum of 1 hour.
Oxidizing agents can be applied or dispersed in water to maintain and / or prevent concentrations of iron and manganese from exceeding 1 ppm. Suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, permanganate salts, peroxides; ozone; sodium persulfate; potassium persulfate; oxidants produced by electrolytic methods, compounds based on halogen, and their combinations. Generally, oxidizing agents are applied or dispersed in water by means of chemical application (4).
A flocculating or coagulating agent can be applied or dispersed in the water to aggregate, agglomerate, coalesce and / or coagulate suspicious particles in the water, which are then deposited at the bottom of the containment medium (8). Generally, the flocculating agent or coagulant is applied or dispersed in the water by means of chemical application (4). Suitable flocculating agents or coagulants include, but are not limited to polymers, such as cationic polymers and anionic polymers, aluminum salts, such as aluminum hydrochloride, alum, and aluminum sulfate; quaternary ammonium salts, polyquaternary ammonium, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride; polyacrylamide, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, natural products, such as chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, alginates, moringa seeds; starch derivatives, and combinations thereof. The fraction of water in which the floccules collect or settle is usually the layer of water along the bottom of the container. The floccules form a sediment at the bottom of the containment means (8), which can then be removed by the mobile suction means (5) without the need for all the water in the containment means (8) to be filtered, by example, only a small fraction is filtered.
The chemical application medium (4) and the mobile suction medium (5) in the method and system of the invention are opportunely activated by a coordination means (1), in order to adjust the controlled parameters within their limits. The chemical application medium (4) and the mobile suction medium (5) are activated according to the needs of the system, which allows the application of a significantly smaller number of chemicals compared to the treatment systems. conventional water and filtering a small fraction of the total volume of water, up to 200 times less, compared to conventional water treatment filtration systems that filter the entire volume of water within the same period of time.
In the method and system described here, the coordination means (1) can receive information (10) about water quality parameters within their respective limits. The information received by the coordination means can be obtained by empirical methods. The coordination means (1) is also able to receive information, process the information, and activate the necessary processes according to that information, including their combinations. An example of a means of coordination is a computing device, such as a personal computer, connected to sensors that allow measurement of parameters and activation of processes according to this information. The coordination medium (1) provides the information (13) for the chemical application medium (4) on the dosage and addition of suitable chemicals and instructions for activating the chemical application means (4) to maintain the controlled parameters within their limits. The coordination means (1) also provides information (11) to activate the mobile suction means (5). The coordination means can simultaneously activate the filter means (3) in order to filter the suction flow through the mobile suction means (5), filtering only a small fraction of the total volume of water. The mobile suction means (5) is activated (11) through the coordination means (1) to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 100 mm. When the method or system is used for the production of water for desalination purposes, the mobile suction medium (5) is activated by the coordination means (1) to prevent the thickness of the sedimented material from exceeding 10 mm. The filtration medium (3) and the mobile suction medium (5) work only as necessary to maintain the water parameters within their limits, for example, only a few hours a day, in contrast to conventional filtration systems that operate substantially continuously. The coordination means can also receive information about the collected water (9). When the TDS concentration is less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, the Langelier saturation index of the water must be less than 3. For the present invention, the Langelier saturation index can be kept below 2 by adjusting the pH, addition of anti-deposits, or a water softening process. When the TDS concentration is greater than 10,000 ppm, the Stiff & Davis saturation index of water must be less than 3. For the present invention, the Stiff & Davis saturation index can also be kept below 2 by adjusting the pH, the addition of antideposites, or a water softening process. Antideposites that can be used to maintain the Langelier saturation index or the Stiff & Davis saturation index include, but are not limited to, phosphonate-based compounds, such as phosphonic acid, PBTC (phosphobutan-tricarboxylic acid), chromates , zinc polyphosphates, nitrites, silicates, organic substances, caustic soda, polymers based on malic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole, and combinations thereof. The method of the invention can optionally include a step for dechlorination. Such a dechlorination step is desirable if an amount of residual chlorine, which can interfere with the industrial process, is detected in the water. Dechlorination can be accomplished by adding chemicals, including, but not limited to, reducing agents, such as sodium bisulfite or sodium metabisulfite, using an active carbon filter, or a combination thereof. EXAMPLES
For the following examples, the terms "a / a / o / a" include plural alternatives (at least one). The information disclosed is illustrative, and other modalities exist and are within the scope of the present invention. Example 1
The method and system of the present invention can be used as a pre-treatment stage for seawater desalination processes by reverse osmosis.
Ocean sea water, which had a total dissolved solids concentration of about 35,000 ppm, was collected in a containment medium according to the invention. The container had a volume of approximately 45 million m3, with an area of 22,000 m2.
The temperature of the water in the containment medium was measured in April and was about 18 ° C. As described herein, if the water temperature is 35 ° C or less, then an ORP level of at least 500 mV is maintained for a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C water temperature. Using this algorithm, an ORP of at least 500 mV was maintained for (18x1) 18 hours during the week. The distribution was 9 hours on Monday and 9 hours on Thursday, which totaled 18 hours. To maintain the ORP for a period of 9 hours, sodium hypochlorite was added to the water in order to achieve a concentration of 0.16 ppm in the water.
It was not necessary to carry out an additional oxidation process to adjust the levels of iron and manganese since the sodium hypochlorite had sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and magnesium. Crystal Clear®, a flocculant, was injected as a flocculant before the turbidity reached a value of 5 NTU, in concentrations of 0.08 ppm every 24 hours.
After allowing bacteria, algae, metals and other solids to settle, a mobile suction medium was activated before the thickness of the layer of sedimented material reached 10 mm. The sedimented material, which was the product of the method's processes, was sucked through a mobile suction medium that moved along the bottom of the container. The suctioned water containing the sedimented particles was then pumped to a filter by means of a flexible cable, where it was filtered, at a rate of 21 l / sec.
After treatment, the water had a pH of 7.96, a turbidity of 0.2 NTU, a sludge density index of 4, an iron concentration below 0.04 ppm and a concentration of manganese below 0, 01 ppm.
Pre-treatment of water for reverse osmosis seawater desalination processes is important because reverse osmosis desalination processes require high quality water to prevent clogging and fouling of membranes. Column 2 of Table 1 below shows the water quality parameters required by membrane manufacturers. Column 3 of Table 1 shows the values obtained for the water treated by the method of the present invention and demonstrates that the value for each of the parameters is within the range required by membrane manufacturers.

The amount of chemicals applied in the method and system of the invention to provide treated water was significantly less than for conventional pretreatment technologies. The energy requirements were also lower compared to conventional treatment technologies since according to the present invention only a small amount of the total volume of water is filtered within a certain period of time and no microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration is necessary. , which has very high energy consumption. Example 2
The method and system of the present invention can be used for the treatment of water for use in the aquaculture industry, including use as water conditioning for the inoculation of microalgae.
A 1 hectare surface tank and a depth of 1.5 meters is used as the containment medium for the water. The water is first treated in the tank and then sent to the water channel tanks where the microalgae is being grown. Example 3
The method and system of the present invention can be used to treat and maintain water for the drinking water industry.
Defrosting water or other natural water sources that have the necessary drinking water properties have been collected. The collected water was kept in a containment medium with a lower part susceptible to be carefully cleaned according to the method of the invention. Because the water complied with the drinking water requirements, there was no need to apply a further treatment to a drinking water facility, thereby reducing the amount of by-product produced by such a facility.
The water temperature in the containment media was 12 ° C. An ORP of at least 500 mV was maintained for (12x1) 12 hours within a period of 7 days. A 600 mV ORP was maintained for 6 hours on Tuesday, and for 6 hours on Friday, thus completing the necessary 12 hours. To maintain such an ORP, sodium bromide was added to the water in order to achieve a concentration of 0.134 ppm in the water. An additional oxidation step was not necessary, as sodium bromide had sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and magnesium. Before the turbidity reached a value of 5 NTU, Crystal Clear®, a flocculant, was injected into the water in order to obtain a concentration of 0.08 ppm in the water. The addition of the flocculant was repeated every 48 hours.
The method and system of the invention minimized by-products and supplied water with the following secondary disinfection products:

The data in Table 2 shows that the water maintained by the method and system of the invention had drinking water properties, and that did not have to be treated in a drinking water installation. Example 4
The method and system of the present invention can be used for the wastewater industries. The residual water was kept in a tank having a lower part covered with a plastic coating, in order to prevent leakage and to allow the complete sedimentation of the sedimented material by the mobile suction device that moved through the bottom of the tank.
As a disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite was added to the water in order to achieve a concentration of 0.16 ppm. An additional oxidation step was not necessary, as sodium hypochlorite had sufficient redox potential to oxidize iron and magnesium. Crystal Clear®, a flocculant, was injected into the water as the water had a turbidity level of 25 NTU, before the first treatment. The flocculant was injected into the water until a concentration of 0.09 ppm was reached in the tank. The addition of flocculant was repeated every 24 hours.
A suction carriage was activated by means of coordination in order to suction the sedimented material at the bottom of the tank. The suction carriage ran for 12 hours on the first day. After the first day, the suction car only ran 8 hours a day.
The water quality before and after treatment according to the method and system of the invention is shown below in Table 3.

Table 3 Example 5
The method and system of the present invention can be used to treat and maintain water in pumping stations used for many purposes, such as for mining purposes. A reserve tank at a pumping station contains sea water in case the pipes or the pumping systems are damaged or have other problems. The water stored inside the tank starts to deteriorate after a period of time and microalgae and another growing micro-organism start to grow in the tank creating bio-encrustation that adheres to the walls of the tank and tubes, reducing the cross-sectional area and generating several problems that affect the flow of water in the tank and pipes. The method of the present invention is applied to the reserve tank, treating the water stored in the reserve tank and maintaining the water, minimizing bio-encrustation at low cost. Example 6
The method and system of the present invention can be used for the treatment of liquid industrial waste that is produced as a by-product of various processes. As a product of a mining process, an industrial waste liquid is generated. The residual liquid is treated in a facility that comprises a sedimentation process, sand filters, carbon filters, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. Two products, one permeate and rejected products, are created by this treatment. The permeate is then used for irrigation purposes, and the rejected products / water are sent to a Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) facility that reduces the sulfur content of the water from 500 ppm to 1 ppm. After treatment of DAF, the water is sent to evaporation tanks.
A problem arose at a DAF facility where water with a high sulfur content was reaching the evaporation tanks that cause the ponds to have an unpleasant smell due to the hydrogen sulfide in the water. Hydrogen sulfide in concentrations below 1 ppm is noticeable as a rotten egg smell, which is unpleasant to the local evaporation tank neighbors. The method and system of the present invention were applied to the evaporation tanks in order to reduce the unpleasant smell produced by hydrogen sulfide, by the application of sodium bromide as an oxidizer in order to reach the concentration of 0.134 ppm of water and maintenance of an ORP level of 600 mV for a period of 20 hours within a week.
Although certain embodiments of the invention have been described, other embodiments may exist. In addition, any disclosed method steps or phases can be modified in any way, including reordering steps and / or inserting or deleting steps, without departing from the invention. Although the specification includes a detailed description and associated drawings, the scope of the invention is indicated by the following claims. In addition, although the specification has been described in the specific language for structural features and / or methodological acts, the 5 claims are not limited to the features or acts described above. Instead, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as illustrative aspects and modalities of the invention. Several other aspects, modalities, modifications and their 10 equivalents that, after reading the description here, can be suggested to a common person versed in the technique without distancing themselves from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claimed matter.

权利要求:
Claims (30)
[0001]
1. Method for treating water for an industrial process (2), in which water is purified and solids suspended in water are eliminated by filtering a small fraction of the total volume of water, the method comprising: a. Collect water with a concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 60,000 ppm, where: i. if the collected water has a total concentration of dissolved solids less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, the Langelier saturation index must be less than 3, or ii. if the collected water has a total concentration of dissolved solids greater than 10,000 ppm, the Stiff & Davis saturation index should be less than 3; B. Storing said water in at least one containment means (8), wherein said containment means has a bottom part (17) capable of being completely cleaned by a mobile suction means (5); ç. During an interval of 7 days, treat said water in said containment medium during the interval by periodically adding disinfectants to said water to establish an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of at least about 500 mV for a total treatment time. with ORP during the interval that is dependent on the temperature of said water being treated, where: i. For water having a temperature of up to 35 ° C, said total ORP treatment time comprises a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of the water temperature; ii. For water having a temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, said total ORP treatment time comprises a minimum period of hours calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius - 35 ] x 1 hour / ° C = minimum hours; or iii. For water having a temperature of 70 ° C or more, said total ORP treatment time comprises a minimum period of 1 hour; d. Activate the following processes through a coordination means (1) to purify said water and eliminate suspended solids only by filtering a small fraction of the total volume of said water in said containment medium, in which said coordination means receives information on the water quality parameters controlled by said means of coordination, the said water quality parameters, including concentrations of iron and manganese, turbidity and thickness of the settled material, and activates one or more of the "i" to "v processes "to adjust the referred water quality parameters within its limits: i. Apply oxidizing agents to said water in said containment to regulate concentrations of iron and manganese in said water, in which oxidizing agents are applied to said water in a concentration sufficient to maintain and / or prevent the concentration of iron or manganese from exceeding 1 ppm; ii. Apply coagulants, flocculants, or a mixture of them to said water in said containment medium to regulate the turbidity of said water, in which the coagulants, flocculants or mixture thereof are added to said water in an amount sufficient to prevent the turbidity of said water exceeds 5 NTU; iii. Sucking a portion of said water containing the sedimented particles, produced by the "i" and / or "ii" processes, with a mobile suction means (5) to regulate the thickness of the sedimented material so that the thickness of the sedimented material does not exceed an average of 100 mm; iv. Filter the portion of said suctioned water through the mobile suction medium (5), with at least one filter medium (3); and v. Return the filtered water to the said containment medium (8); and is. Use said treated water in a downstream process, in which said treated water is used: i. as a raw material for an industrial process and circulates in an open cycle; or ii. for the purpose of discharge, irrigation, infiltration or a combination thereof.
[0002]
2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the Langelier saturation index or Stiff & Davis saturation index is kept below 2 by a process selected from pH adjustment, the addition of antideposites , or a water softening process.
[0003]
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the antideposites comprise phosphonic acid, PBTC (phosphobutan-tricarboxylic acid), chromates, zinc polyphosphates, nitrites, silicates, organic substances, caustic soda, polymers based on malic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, benzotriazole, or a combination thereof.
[0004]
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the collected water can be a residual liquid from an industrial process (2) or water collected from a source of natural water and / or treated water.
[0005]
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the disinfectant agents comprise ozone, biguanide products, bromine-based compounds, halogen-based compounds or a combination thereof.
[0006]
6. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the information received through the coordination means (1) is obtained through empirical methods.
[0007]
7. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the oxidizing agents comprise compounds based on halogen; permanganate salts; peroxides; ozone; sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate; oxidants produced by electrolytic methods, or a combination thereof.
[0008]
8. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flocculating or coagulating agents comprise polymers, cationic polymers; anionic polymers; aluminum salts; quaternary ammonium salts and polyquaternary ammonium salts; calcium oxide; calcium hydroxide; ferrous sulphate; ferric chloride; polyacrylamide; sodium aluminate; sodium silicate; chitosan; gelatine; guar gum; alginates; moringa seeds; starch derivatives; or a combination of them.
[0009]
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a step of dechlorination of said water in said containment medium if residual chlorine is detected in said water, the step of dechlorination comprising an active carbon filter or chemicals that comprise sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite or a combination thereof.
[0010]
10. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said total ORP treatment time is discontinuous during the 7-day interval.
[0011]
11. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that: i. for water having a temperature up to 35 ° C, said total ORP treatment time comprises an approximate period of 1 hour for each ° C of water temperature; ii. for water having a temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, said total ORP treatment time comprises an approximate period of hours calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius - 35 ] xl hour / ° C = hours; or iii. for water having a temperature of 70 ° C or more, said total ORP treatment time comprises an approximate period of 1 hour.
[0012]
12. System for treating water at low cost for use in an industrial process, the system characterized by comprising: - a containment means (8) for storing water, the containment means having a volume of at least 15,000 m3 and comprising a lower part (17) for receiving sedimented particles, the lower part comprising a membrane or plastic coating capable of being cleaned by a mobile suction means; - at least one water supply line (7) for the containment medium; - a means of coordination (1) for keeping the water in the containment medium within the limits of the water quality parameters specified by the means of coordination; - at least one chemical application means (4) for applying or dispersing an oxidizing agent, disinfectant, coagulant or flocculant to water in the containment medium; - at least one mobile suction means (5) for moving along the bottom of the containment means and suction a portion of the water from the bottom (17) of the containment means (8) containing sedimented particles; - a propulsion means (6) for moving the mobile suction means (5) so that it can move through the lower part (17) of the containment means (8), the propulsion means operatively coupled to the suction means mobile; - a filter medium (3) which filters the portion of water containing the sedimented particles sucked in by the mobile suction medium; - a collection line (15) coupled between the mobile suction medium (5) and the filter medium (3); - a return line from the filtration medium to the containment medium; and - a water outlet line (18) configured to supply treated water from the containment means (8) to a downstream industrial process; wherein the coordination means (1) controls the activation of the chemical application means, mobile suction means and filtering means based on the information related to the controlled parameters received by the coordination means to adjust the parameters within predetermined limits; and controls the flow of treated water to the downstream industrial process based on information regarding the downstream industrial process received by the coordination means.
[0013]
13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the lower part of the containment medium is covered with a membrane, geomembrane, geotextile membrane, plastic coating or a combination thereof.
[0014]
14. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the chemical application medium (4) comprises injectors, sprayers, manual application, weight dispensers, pipes or a combination thereof.
[0015]
15. System, according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the drive of the propulsion means comprises a rail system, a cable system, a manual propulsion system, a robotic system, a system guided from a distance, a boat with an engine, a flotation device with an engine or a combination thereof.
[0016]
16. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the filtering medium (3) comprises cartridge filters, sand filters, microfilters, ultrafilters, nanofilters or a combination thereof.
[0017]
17. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the collection line (15) comprises a flexible cable, rigid cable, piping or a combination thereof.
[0018]
18. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that one or more means of application of chemical products is positioned around a periphery of the containment means.
[0019]
19. System according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the chemical application medium (4) comprises injectors positioned around a periphery of the containment medium to apply or dispense chemicals in the water of the containment medium .
[0020]
20. System, according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the coordination means (1) controls the activation of the means of application of chemical products based on the information received regarding controlled parameters to periodically apply disinfectant agents to the water in the containment medium during 7-day intervals to establish an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of at least 500 mV for a total treatment time during each 7-day interval, which is dependent on the temperature of the water being treated, where: i. for water having a temperature up to and including 35 ° C, the total treatment time comprises a minimum period of 1 hour for each ° C of the cooling water temperature; ii. for water having a temperature above 35 ° C and below 70 ° C, the total treatment time comprises a minimum period of hours calculated by the following equation: [35 hours] - [Water temperature in degrees Celsius - 35] x 1 hour / ° C = minimum hours; or iii. for water having a temperature of 70 ° C or more, said total treatment time comprises a minimum period of 1 hour.
[0021]
21. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the coordination medium (1) controls the activation of the chemical application medium (4) based on the information received regarding controlled parameters to apply an oxidizing agent to water in the containment medium to prevent the iron and manganese concentrations in the water from exceeding 1.0 ppm.
[0022]
22. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the coordination medium (1) controls the activation of the chemical application medium (4) based on the information received regarding controlled parameters to apply a coagulant and / or water flocculant in the containment medium to prevent the turbidity of the water from exceeding 5 NTU.
[0023]
23. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the coordination means (1) controls the activation of the mobile suction means (5) based on the information received regarding controlled parameters to prevent a material thickness sedimented at the bottom of the containment medium exceeds an average of 100 mm.
[0024]
24. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the system is a closed circuit.
[0025]
25. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the disinfectant agents comprise ozone, a biguanide compound, a bromine-based compound, a halogen-based compound or a combination thereof.
[0026]
26. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the oxidizing agents comprise a halogen-based compound, a permanganate salt, a peroxide, ozone, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, an oxidant produced by a electrolytic method or a combination thereof.
[0027]
27. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the flocculating or coagulating agents comprise a cationic polymer, an anionic polymer, aluminum salt, aluminum hydrochloride, alum, aluminum sulfate, a quaternary ammonium salt and / or polyquaternary ammonium, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, a polyacrylamide, sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, chitosan, gelatin, guar gum, an alginate, 5 moringa seeds, a starch derivative or a combination of them.
[0028]
28. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the system is a continuous water treatment system.
[0029]
29. System according to claim 12, 10 characterized by the fact that the industrial process comprises a reverse osmosis process, desalination process, evaporation process, purification process, algae cultivation process, aquaculture process, process mining or a combination of the same 15.
[0030]
30. System, according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the information received by the coordination means is information from a visual inspection, empirical method, algorithm or detector.

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法律状态:
2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-07-02| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

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2020-02-04| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-05-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-10-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201161469537P| true| 2011-03-30|2011-03-30|

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US61/469,537|2011-03-30|

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US13/136,474|2011-08-01|

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