MULTILAYER BODY AND PRODUCTION PROCESS OF A MULTILAYER BODY

专利摘要:
multilayer body and production process of a multilayer body. the present invention relates to a multilayer body (10) and a process for producing it. the multilayer body has a first layer (23) with a first surface (231) and a second surface (232) opposite the first surface (231). the first surface (231) of the first layer (23) is defined by a base plane transposed by the x and y coordinate axes, in which a large number of facet faces (50) are molded on the second surface (232) of the first layer ( 23) in a first area (31). each of the facet faces (50) is determined by one or more parameters f, s, h, p, ax, ay and az, where the parameters of the facet faces (50) arranged in the first area (31) vary from pseudo-random shape in the first area (31) within a range of predefined variation in each case for the first surface area and in which a second reflective layer (24) is applied to each of the facet faces.
公开号:BR112013023485B1
申请号:R112013023485-7
申请日:2012-03-07
公开日:2020-12-15
发明作者:Wayne Robert Tompkin；Harald Walter
申请人:Ovd Kinegram Ag；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[001] The present invention relates to a multilayer body, in particular in the form of a transfer film, a laminated film, a packaging film, a decoration element or security element, as well as a process for producing that body multilayer.
[002] Security documents with a defective security element are known, for example, from EP 0 105 099 B1 and EP 0 375 833 B1. In these security elements, diffraction grids are molded to form a layer of a multilayer body and coated with a reflective metallic layer. The diffraction of the incident light in these diffraction grids generates an optically variable effect that is determined by the spatial frequency of the diffraction grids as well as their azimuth angle. Thus, in the security element described in EP 0 105 099 B1 the diffraction structure is formed so that the color pattern that appears with a given direction of illumination and visualization moves at a locally predetermined speed in a predetermined path when the substrate is rotated on its plane in a certain direction of rotation and at a given speed. In EP 0 375 833 B1, the various fields of a grid with a maximum dimension less than 0.3 mm are covered with different diffraction grids, with the result that when the security element is viewed, different representations occur in different viewing directions. of the security element.
[003] An additional possibility to produce an optionally variable effect is described in WO 03/095657 A2. An achromatic surface structure here is combined with an overlapping thin film structure. The achromatic structures here have an order of magnitude in which the diffraction phenomena influence the optical properties only slightly and thus the structures act essentially like tilted mirrors. The safety element described here has partial surfaces that are superimposed with different achromatic surface structures, for example, sawtooth structures that, on a first partial surface, have a different azimuth angle than that of a second partial surface. In addition, these different partial surfaces are additionally superimposed with a thin film layer structure, with the result that different colors and contrast changes are generated on the partial surfaces and the impression of a defined, almost discreet color change forms for the observer during rotation or tilt.
[004] The aim of the invention now is to provide a film body as well as a process for producing it, which is characterized by an optically variable effect that differs from the known optically variable effects described above and thus has the corresponding advantages for decoration and security applications.
[005] This objective is achieved by a multilayer body that has a first layer with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, in which the first surface of the first layer defines a base plane transposed by the axes of the x and y coordinates, and molded on a second surface of the first layer in a first area is a large number of facet faces which in each case have a minimum dimension greater than 1 μm and a maximum dimension less than 300 μm, where each facet face is determined by the parameters : shape F of the facet face, size of area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid of the facet face in the coordinate system transposed by the geometric axis x and the axis geometric y, angle of inclination Ax of the facet face around the geometric axis x facing the base plane, angle of inclination Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y vol for the base plane and azimuth angle Az of the facet face defined by the rotation of the facet face about a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, where one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of the facet faces arranged in the first area vary, in the first area, in a pseudo-random manner within a range of predefined variation in each case for the first area, and at least one second reflective layer is applied to each of the faces of facet. In addition, this objective is achieved by a process of producing a multilayer body in which a first layer is provided with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, in which the first surface of the first layer defines a base plane transposed by the x and y coordinate axes, where a large number of facet faces are molded on the second surface of the first layer, where each facet face has a minimum dimension greater than 1 μm and a maximum dimension less than 300 μm, each of the facet faces is determined by the parameters: shape F of the facet face, size of area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid of the facet face in the coordinate system transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, inclination angle Ax of the facet face around the geometric axis x facing the base plane, inclination angle Ay of the face of facet around the geometric axis y facing the base plane and azimuthal angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face around a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, and one or more parameters F , S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of the facet faces arranged in a first area vary, in the first area, in a pseudo-random manner within a range of predefined variation in each case for the first area, and in which a second reflective layer is applied to the large number of facet faces.
[006] Here, in a pseudo-random way, it means that the respectively varied parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az cannot adopt all possible values, but only the values of a narrower predefined variation range. The pseudo-random variation here can take into account all values of that narrowest predefined variation range with the same probability. However, it is also possible to use a function (mathematics) for the probability of considering a value from that range. Examples of these functions consist of the Gaussian function as well as an inverse Gaussian function.
[007] The invention here is based on the knowledge that, by molding the facet faces as specified above in a layer of a multilayer body, an optically variable effect can be generated which, for a human observer, differs from the optically variable effect obtainable by the processes named above according to the state of the art. The optically variable effect according to the invention can be characterized, for example, depending on the selection of the reflective layer, by a characteristic depth effect and / or by characteristic color and / or gloss effects. In particular, the optically variable effect is characterized by the fact that it does not have, or almost does not have, disturbing diffractive components, for example, rainbow effect. Thus, the optically variable effect is largely achromatic. A maximum possible difference in effects known diffratives can be obtained in this way. Furthermore, this makes it easier for laypeople to clearly identify the effect. In addition, it is also particularly advantageous here that due to the invention, these optically variable effects can be produced and are reproducible particularly economically using large-scale processes. In addition, the optically variable effects produced by the facet faces of a multilayer body according to the invention can also be integrated into a film body registered with other elements that exhibit a different optically variable effect.
[008] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
[009] The second reflective layer can be applied over the entire surface of the facet faces and the surfaces between the facet faces, however this can also be present only on the facet faces or only on the parts of the facet faces and not present in the remaining areas of the surface. This can be accomplished, for example, through so-called demetallization processes, in particular known etching or washing processes. In addition, a second additional reflective layer, for example, ZnS, which can be, in particular, transparent or translucent, can be applied to a second partially present reflective layer, for example, aluminum.
[0010] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the second reflective layer is provided in the first area in each case in the area of the facet faces and not provided in the area not overlapped with the facet faces. For this, the second reflective layer is, for example, applied over the entire surface of the first layer at least in the first area and then removed again in the partial sections of the first area that are not overlapped with the facet faces.
[0011] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the second reflective layer is provided in the first area in each case in the area of the facet faces and not provided in a first partial section of the first area that is not overlaid with the faces of facet. In addition, a second partial section that is not overlaid with the facet faces and where the second reflective layer is preferably provided in the first area. Here, it is also possible for a large number of first and / or second such partial sections to be provided. The at least one partial section and / or at least a second partial section are preferably formed with a pattern. Preferably, at least one partial section forms a bottom area and at least a second partial section forms a pattern. standard area or vice versa. Preferably, at least a first partial section and at least a second partial section here are formed so that, when viewed with the passage of light, they generate for the human observer an optically perceptible item of information that is determined by the shape of the at least a first partial section and at least a second partial section. Preferably, at least a first partial section and at least a second partial section here have a lateral dimension greater than 300 μm.
[0012] Preferably, the multilayer body is formed transparently in the first partial sections or in the first partial section.
[0013] Regarding the arrangement of the facet faces in the first partial sections and second partial sections, a viewing direction perpendicular to the base plane is assumed here.
[0014] The visual appearance of the multilayer body can be further enhanced by these measures.
[0015] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, a bottom structure is molded on the second surface of the first layer in a partial section of the first area that is not overlaid with the facet faces. The background structure here is preferably formed by a diffractive and / or refractory relief structure that generates a second optical effect that differs from the optical effect of the facet face.
[0016] Preferably, the partial section of the first area overlaid with the bottom structure is shaped in the form of a bottom area that surrounds one or more, preferably, all facet faces.
[0017] The bottom structure preferably comprises a relief structure, in particular a diffractive relief structure that generates movement and / or transformation effects as an optical effect. Preferably, the partial section superimposed with the bottom structure here is divided into a large number of zones that are superimposed with a diffractive diffraction grid, in which at least one of the adjacent zone grid parameters is different, in particular the frequency spatial and / or azimuthal angle of diffractive structures in adjacent areas is different.
[0018] Furthermore, it is also preferable that the fund structure comprises microscopic relief structures with diffractive and / or refractive action that generate a macroscopic three-dimensionality similar to a refractive anamorphic lens or optically deforming freeform effect or other effect with three-dimensional action .
[0019] The proportion of the surface covered by the partial surfaces of the first overlapping area with the facet faces in relation to the partial surfaces of the first overlapping areas with the bottom structures and the facet faces is preferably less than 70%, still, preferably less than 50%, even more preferably less than 30% when observed perpendicular to the base plane.
[0020] Preferably, the centroides of adjacent facet faces are at a distance less than 300 μm, still preferably less than 100 μm, from each other. Preferably, the centroides of adjacent facet faces are at a distance between 2 μm and 300 μm, still between 5 μm and 100 μm, still preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm, from each other.
[0021] The minimum distance between a point on an outer edge of a facet face and a point on the outer edge of an adjacent facet face is preferably less than 300 μm, still more preferably less than 100 μm even more preferably less than 50 μm and preferably between 0 and 300 μm, still more preferably between 0 μm and 100 μm, even more preferably between 1 μm and 50 μm. This design rule preferably applies to all facet faces in the first area.
[0022] This arrangement of the relative facet faces results, in particular with the arrangement of a bottom structure, in advantages in relation to the visibility and overlap of the optical information provided by the facet faces and the bottom structure.
[0023] In this context, it is particularly advantageous to mold a relief structure that forms a zero order diffraction structure in the first layer in the partial sections of the first area that are not overlapped with the facet faces. Preferably, this structure here has a spacing between adjacent structural elements that is less than the wavelengths of visible light. In addition, structures whose depth-to-width ratio is greater than 0.5, still preferably greater than 1, are preferably used as structural elements for this structure.
[0024] With the aid of these structures, first, the de-taltalization of the partial sections of the first area that are not overlapped with the facet faces can be controlled.
[0025] Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous to apply an additional reflective layer over the entire surface after partial removal of the reflective layer, with the result that the second layer has reflective properties that are different in different partial sections of the first area, and has a structure different layer. Thus, if a metal layer is initially applied as a reflective layer to the first layer and, after partial removal of that metal layer in the partial sections of the first area not overlapped with the facet faces, a dielectric reflective layer is applied over the entire surface, for example, a transparent or translucent HRI layer, for example, ZnS, two different optical effects are generated, in the partial sections of the first area overlaid with the facet faces and in the partial sections of the first layer not overlapped with the facet faces : In the partial sections not overlapped with the facet faces, due to the combination of the dielectric reflective layer and the zero order diffraction structures, a color gradient effect generated occurs when the multilayer body is rotated. This optical effect is then superimposed by the optical effect, already mentioned above, produced by the facet faces.
[0026] Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous here that these two effects are adjusted so that they display the same color from a first viewing angle and a different color from a second viewing angle. A safety feature that is easy to observe can thus be provided.
[0027] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the second layer has a thin film layer system that generates a color shift effect depending on the viewing angle in particular in the visible wavelength range. This thin film layer system is characterized in particular by one or more spacer layers. The thickness of the optically active layer of these spacer layers satisfies the condition À / 2 or À / 4 for a wavelength À, preferably for a certain angle of view, in particular in the visible light range. The thin film layer system here can consist of a single layer, a layer system with one or more dielectric layers and one or more metallic layers, or a stack of layers with two or more dielectric layers.
[0028] Furthermore, it is also possible that the effect of shifting corseja generated by the combination of an HRI layer (HRI = High Refractive Index), in particular a transparent or translucent HRI layer, with microstructures, for example, sub-length grids of wave, additionally introduced in the facet faces.
[0029] In addition to a thin film layer system, the second layer here can also have one or more additional layers. The use of a thin-film layer system on the second layer results in interesting color-changing effects that are characterized, with a corresponding variation of the parameters listed above, by a high depth effect as well as colored glow effects.
[0030] Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the second layer comprises an oriented liquid crystal layer, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a metal layer, an HRI layer or an LRI layer (HRI = High Refractive Index, LRI = Low Refractive Index), or a layer comprising a lacquer, a magnetic pigment, a polymer doped with paint, nanoparticles or luminescent materials. The first layer is preferably a transparent layer, in particular a layer of a transparent replica lacquer. Surface structures are stamped on the replica lacquer, which satisfy an optical function (diffraction, refraction, reflection) and / or another non-optical function. These structures, for example, a diffractive line grid arranged in particular as a pattern with 500 to 5000 lines / mm, can serve, for example, to align the molecules of the particular liquid crystal layer in a pattern and to thereby , determine its polarization action or its particular polarization characteristics in a pattern.
[0031] According to an example of the preferred modality of the invention, the multilayer body generates a first optically variable item of information identifiable by the human observer, in which to generate the first item of information, the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet face in the first area they vary according to a function F (x, y). First, here, it is possible that one or more parameters F, S, H, P or Az in the first area are additionally varied in a pseudo-random manner within their respective predefined range of variation in the first area.
[0032] A particularly interesting optically variable impression can, however, be made by the following preferred embodiment of the invention: In this embodiment, the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces in the first area are in each case determined according to an additive overlap. or multiplication of the inclination angles Ax and Ay determined by a function F (x, y) with the pseudo-random variation of the inclination angle Ax and / or of the inclination angle Ay within the respective predefined variation range in the first area. The function F (x, y) here is selected so that it varies the inclination angles Ax and Ay to generate an optically variable first item of information.
[0033] Preferably, the predefined range of inclination angles Ax and Ay selected here is less than the average gradient of the function F (x, y) in the first area, in particular it is selected between 0.1 times and 1.9 times the mean gradient of the F (x, y) function. Thus, it is guaranteed that the first optically variable item of information in its appearance is not too strongly overlaid with additional optically variable effects, such as increased depth printing, gloss and texture effects, and thus the recognition of the first information item is not compromised.
[0034] It will be noted that different sequences of the various variations, - for example, the inclination angles Ax and Ay as well as the azimuth angle Az of the facet face, the application of the function F (x, y) that will be superimposed and the inclusion pseudo-random variation - result in different results.
[0035] Preferably, the function F (x, y) describes a three-dimensional freeform surface with one or more freeform elements. The inclination angles Ax and Ay here are preferably determined by the respective normal surface of the three-dimensional freeform surface in the centroid of the respective facet face.
[0036] Freeform elements have, for example, the shape or outline of an alphanumeric character, a geometric figure or another object. Furthermore, the three-dimensional shape of the freeform elements is preferably selected so that these generate a lens-type magnification, demagnification effect or distortion. For this, the free-form elements preferably have, in a sectional plane perpendicular to the base plane, a lens-like shape, for example, a shape that corresponds to a corresponding section through a converging, diffusing or anamorphic lens. The three-dimensional freeform surface preferably has a common basal plane from which one or more freeform elements rise or fall.
[0037] According to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the function F (x, y) thus describes, in the area of a free-form element, a free-form surface in the form of a lens or a transformed lens to represent an alphanumeric character, geometric figure, or other object.
[0038] The sketches of the freeform elements in a sectional plane parallel to the base plane here, preferably, correspond to the first item of information and have, for example, the shape of a letter, a symbol, a geometric figure or another object.
[0039] According to an example of a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the function F (x, y) describes a section cut from a surface of a three-dimensional object as a free-form element. The three-dimensional shape of a free-form element, therefore, corresponds, for example, to a cut section of a sculpture, ornament or relief or other three-dimensional object, for example, a building, a human figure, etc.
[0040] Preferably, the adjacent maximums of a freeform element are separated in the direction of the geometric axis z, in relation to a projection in the base plane, by more than 0.5 mm, still more preferably more than 1 mm and even more preferably, more than 3 mm. In addition, the minimum dimension of a free-form element, in relation to a projection on the base plane, is greater than 2 mm, still preferably greater than 4 mm.
[0041] The minimum dimension of a freeform element, in relation to a projection on the base plane, here is understood the width of the freeform element or the spacing between the opposite boundary points of the projection surface that are situated in an intersection line through the centroides of the projection surface and have the smallest spacing compared to the remaining opposite points.
[0042] Preferably, the dimensions (length, width) of the freeform element determined by the outline of the projection surface of the freeform element on the base plane here are in the range of 2 mm to 50 mm, still preferably from 4 mm to 30 mm.
[0043] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the function F (x, y) is constant and differentiable in the area of the freeform element and / or the function F (x, y) is composed of flat areas and surface curves in the area of the freeform element, where, preferably, the radius of curvature of the curved areas of the surface is not less than 1 mm, yet preferably not less than 3 mm.
[0044] According to an example of the preferred modality of the invention, for the pseudo-random variation of one or more parameters F, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az within the respectively predefined variation range, a parameter variation value is selected pseudorandomly from a predefined group of parameter variation values. The predefined group preferably comprises between 3 and 30, in particular between 3 and 10 parameter variation values. The pseudo-random variation, therefore, does not occur in the sense of a purely random process that will be found in nature, it can adopt all possible parameters within the range, but it has a predetermined granularity. It has been surprisingly shown that a particularly noticeable optically variable effect arises in this way. Furthermore, it was shown that, even with 3 values of parameter variation, diffractive effects - which can occur with very small facet faces - can be largely eliminated. In this way, achromatic effects can also be obtained with these small facet faces. These achromatic effects are clearer than the effects that are still superimposed with diffractive effects, so they are easier to identify and more aesthetically appealing.
[0045] Preferably, the angle of inclination Ax and / or Ay of the facet faces in the first area varies pseudorandomly in a range from -45 ° to + 45 °, still preferably from -30 ° to + 30 °, particularly preferably -15 ° to + 15 °, in particular to obtain a gloss effect.
[0046] Furthermore, it is advantageous to vary the azimuthal angle Az of the facet faces in the first area in a pseudo-random manner in a range from -90 ° to + 90 °, still preferably from -45 ° to + 45 ° and particularly preferably -15 ° to + 15 °.
[0047] According to an example of a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the H spacing between the centroid of the facet faces and the base plane in the first area varies pseudorandomly. The range of variation defined by the difference between the maximum spacing Hmax and the minimum spacing Hmin, between the spacing H of the facet face that is varied in a pseudo-random manner, here is preferably between 0.5 μm and 8 μm, still, preferably between 0.5 μm and 2 μm.
[0048] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the facet faces are arranged according to a two-dimensional grid transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y. However, it is also still possible - as already determined above - for the P position of the facet faces to be varied in a pseudo-random manner, with the result that the facet faces are no longer arranged according to a regular grid.
[0049] In this case, according to an example of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the process is as follows: The position P of each facet face in the first area is determined by a pseudo-random deviation of the centroid from the respective facet face from normal position in the x and / or y direction. The normal position of the centroid of the respective facet face here is also preferably determined by a two-dimensional grid transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, thus the normal position of the centroid of the respective facet face in the base plane is defined for the facet faces arranged in the first area.
[0050] Preferably, the limit values of the variation range of the pseudo-random deviation from the respective normal position in the x and / or y direction are between 0% and 100%, preferably between 0% and 50% and particularly, preferably between 0 % and 20% of the dimension of the facet face in the direction of the geometric axis x or the geometric axis y. With a dimension Dx of the facet face in the direction of the geometric axis x, the limit values of the variation range are thus + Dx and -Dx, multiplied by the factor determined above. This applies correspondingly to the dimension in the direction of the y-axis.
[0051] The grid width of the grid in the direction of the geometric axis x and / or the geometric axis y is preferably between 1.2 times and 2 times the dimension of the facet face in the direction of the geometric axis x or the geometric axis y. Pseudo-random deviation can result in overlapping adjacent facet faces. This can be accomplished, for example, by suitable algorithms when generating the layout of the facet faces in the main structure. For example, an algorithm can generate the facet faces one after the other, and whenever a newly added facet face can at least partially overlap the same surface on the multilayer body as one of the facet faces already virtually present, it is reduced the side extension of that newly added facet face. Alternatively, the algorithm can also move, for example, the newly added facet face laterally.
[0052] Here, it has been particularly proven that it is worth selecting the range of variation of the random deviation between + D / 2 and -D / 2, where D is the dimension of the facet face in the direction of the geometric x axis or the axis geometric y, and determine the grid width of the grid in the direction of the geometric axis x and / or the geometric axis y in 3/2 times the dimension D of the facet face in the direction of the geometric axis x or geometric axis y.
[0053] Form F of the facet face is preferably selected from the group: square, rectangular, regular polygon, circle, conical section and random polygon. If the F shape of the facet face is selected in a pseudo-random way in the first area, then, in a pseudo-random way, there is a selection of a group of differently shaped facet faces that preferably have one of the shapes described above. A simple example is a rectangle with a width a and a length b, where a and b in each case are selected in a pseudo-random way.
[0054] As already determined above, each of the facet faces has a minimum dimension greater than 1 μm, preferably greater than 3 μm, and a maximum dimension less than 300 μm. In addition, it has been proven that the minimum dimensions of the facet faces are between 1 μm and 20 μm, preferably between 3 μm and 10 μm. The maximum dimension of the facet faces is preferably between 5 μm and 100 μm, still more preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm and particularly preferably between 5 μm and 30 μm.
[0055] The minimum dimension of the facet face is understood here as the width and the maximum dimension of the facet face is understood here as the length of the facet face. The minimum dimension is determined by the spacing between the border points of the facet face that are located in an intersection line through the centroid of the facet faces and have the shortest distance between them compared with the remaining border points arranged adjacent to each other in this way. .
[0056] Preferably, the minimum dimension is present in the direction of the largest gradient of the facet face.
[0057] According to an example of a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the height Hf of the facet faces, i.e., the extension of the facet face in the z direction, varied pseudorandomly in the first area. The range of variation defined by the difference between the maximum height and the minimum height between the height Hf of the facet face varies in a pseudo-random manner, divided by the maximum height (Δh = (hmax-hmin) / hmax) here is, preferably, between 50% and 100%, still preferably between 70% and 100% and particularly preferably between 85% and 100%.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the facet faces are designed so that the height Hf is less than 2 μm, preferably less than 1 μm and particularly preferably less than 0.5 μm. These structures can be well produced not only using UV replication, but also by thermal replication. In thermal replica, the facet faces are molded into a replica lacquer using a stamping tool using heat and pressure. In UV replica, the replica lacquer consists of a UV curable material and the facet faces are molded on the surface of the replica lacquer layer by means of a stamping tool and simultaneous and / or subsequent UV radiation. Still to be able to obtain significant values of the inclination angles Ax and Ay, for example, ± 20 °, the facet faces in the direction of the largest gradient must be less than 6 μm, preferably less than 3 μm and particularly, of preferably less than 1.5 μm. At the same time, each facet face has a minimum dimension greater than 1 μm. The maximum dimension of these facet faces can be much larger than the minimum dimension. It has now been unexpectedly shown that these facet faces have almost no diffraction if at least one parameter F, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of the facet faces varies in a pseudo-random manner. A predefined group of parameter variation values that includes, for example, 3 values can already prevent or suppress the production of diffractive effects. This is due to the fact that the pseudo-random variation disrupts the regularity that is necessary for diffractive effects.
[0059] For all modalities in which the maximum height Hmax of the facet faces will be kept below a certain limit value, it must be taken into account when generating the disposition of the facet faces, optionally divide the facet faces that exceed the maximum height Hmax on two or more smaller facet faces.
[0060] If, for example, for production reasons, for example, due to limitations during thermal replica or UV replica, that maximum height is 2 μm and the facet faces have a surface area S of 10 μm x 10 μm, at least all facet faces that have an inclination angle greater than sen-1 (2/10) ~ 11.5 ° must be divided into two or more facet faces. These smaller facet faces are designed so that they do not exceed the maximum height Hmax at the desired angle of inclination. This can be achieved, for example, by suitable algorithms when generating the main structure for the replica.
[0061] The area size S of the facet faces is preferably between 5 μm2 and 6000 μm2, still preferably between 5 μm2 and 300 μm2. If the size of the S area of the facet faces varies pseudorandomly, the range of variation is preferably 10% to 50% of the average area size of the facet faces.
[0062] According to an example of the preferred modality of the invention, the facet faces have a sketch shape in the form of a symbol, a letter or another object. This additional information is omitted from the human eye without the use of a tool. Thus, a second hidden item of optical information provided can be made visible by means of a tool, for example, a magnifying glass.
[0063] In addition, it is also possible for one or more defective faces to be additionally superimposed with a diffractive structure, a zero order diffraction structure, an isotropic or anisotropic matte structure or a nanotext, nanomotives or a functional structure without optical action . The facet faces here can be superimposed with this additional structure over the entire surface or only in areas. Optically interesting additional variables or functional effects can thus be generated. Examples of these are the optical effects described in US 4,484,797 and WO 03/059643 A1 based on so-called "resonant networks" that are modified by the facet faces. Another example is the alignment of molecules in a liquid crystal material, which is applied to the facet faces, to define the polarization properties of the liquid crystal material.
[0064] According to an example of the preferred modality of the invention, the multilayer body has a second area, in which one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of each of the facet faces arranged in the second area vary pseudorandomly in the second area within a predefined range of variation in each case in the second area. The parameters that vary pseudo-randomly in the first and second areas here are preferably selected differently and / or at least a range of variation of the varied parameters is selected differently in the first and second areas. Preferably, at least one range of variation in the first area here differs from that in the second area by at least 20%, still preferably 50%. Thus, it is defined that the first and second areas lead to a different optically variable impression.
[0065] According to an example of the preferred modality of the invention, the multilayer body has a third area in which a relief structure selected from the group: diffractive relief structure, zero order diffraction structure, isotropic matte structure or anisotropic or in particular the refractory action macrostructure is molded on the second surface of the first layer.
[0066] An additional optically variable effect that differs from the optically variable effect generated in the first area and / or the second area is thus generated by the multilayer body through the relief structures arranged in the third area. However, in the third area there may be a volume hologram layer or a security impression.
[0067] Preferably, the first, the second and / or the third area here are delimited at least in areas, with the result that, when the multilayer body is visualized, the areas of the surface that delimit to show different optically variable effects are visible by the human observer. Here, the invention obtains the advantage that the generation of the optically variable effect visible in the first and / or second surface area, through the facet faces as specified above, makes it possible to accurately record this optical effect in relation to the effects generated by the relief structures in the third area.
[0068] The multilayer body is preferably formed as a transfer film, as a laminated film, as a packaging film, as a security element or security document and is preferably used for decorative purposes or as a element for the security of valuable documents, ID documents or for product warranty.
[0069] The multilayer body can be an integral constituent of a security document in which the facet faces are directly molded on a surface of the security document. The surface can be, for example, a layer of lacquer or a printed or otherwise applied plastic layer that was applied separately before molding or still represents the substrate of the security document, for example, an ID document made of polycarbonate or a banknote with a polymeric substrate.
[0070] It is also possible here that the unsafe document surface on which the facet faces are shaped has additional security features. For example, it is possible that the surface of the security document is formed by a lacquer with optically variable pigments in which the facet faces are additionally molded. If optically variable pigments form a pattern on the surface, it is advantageous to shape the facet faces with record accuracy in relation to this, that is, positionally accurate in relation to that pattern.
[0071] After molding the facet faces on the surface of the security document, it is advantageous to apply a protective sealing lacquer to protect the security document against physical and / or chemical influences.
[0072] The invention is explained as an example below with reference to several examples of modality with the aid of the attached drawings.
[0073] Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a security document with a security element.
[0074] Fig. 2a shows a schematic top view of a section cut out of the security element according to Fig. 1.
[0075] Fig. 2b shows a schematic sectional representation of a cut section of the security element according to Fig. 2a.
[0076] Fig. 2c shows a schematic top view of a cut section of a security element.
[0077] Fig. 2d shows a schematic sectional representation of a cut section of the security element according to Fig. 2c.
[0078] Fig. 2e shows a schematic top view of a cut section of a security element.
[0079] Fig. 2f shows a schematic sectional representation of a cut section of the security element according to Fig. 2e.
[0080] Fig. 2g shows a schematic representation of the top view of a security element at different magnification levels.
[0081] Each Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 3c, Fig. 3d and Fig. 3e shows schematic sectional representations of cut sections of a transfer film.
[0082] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a layer with several molded facet faces.
[0083] Fig. 5a - Fig. 5d show schematic representations to illustrate the variation of parameters of a facet face.
[0084] Fig. 6a - Fig. 6d show schematic representations to illustrate the variation of a facet face.
[0085] Fig. 7a - Fig. 7e show schematic representations of a layer with several molded facet faces in which one or more parameters vary in a pseudo-random manner.
[0086] Fig. 8a - Fig. 8d show several schematic representations to illustrate the functions described by a freeform surface.
[0087] Fig. 8e shows a schematic top view of a freeform surface in the form of a cut section of a three-dimensional object.
[0088] Fig. 9a - 9d show schematic representations of a layer with several shaped facet faces whose inclination angles are also determined by a function that describes an item of optical information.
[0089] Fig. 10a - Fig. 10c show images that illustrate the optically variable impression of a multilayer body.
[0090] Fig. 11a and Fig. 11b show a schematic representation of a cut section of a multilayer body with several facet faces that are overlaid with a diffraction grid.
[0091] Fig. 12a and Fig. 12b show a schematic representation of a cut section of a multilayer body with several facet faces that are overlaid with a nanotext.
[0092] Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b show a schematic top view of a cut section of a multilayer body with several facet faces that in each case are superimposed with a diffraction grid.
[0093] Fig. 1 shows a security document 1. Security document 1 is preferably a document of value, such as a banknote. However, it is also possible that security document 1 is an ID document, a credit card or the like.
[0094] The document of value 1 has a carrier substrate 11 as well as a security element 10, applied to the carrier substrate 11 or integrated into the carrier substrate 11, in the form of a multilayer film body. The security element 10 preferably has a strip-like shape with a width between 1 mm and 20 mm, and preferably between 2 mm and 10 mm. Furthermore, the security element 10 preferably extends over the entire width of the carrier substrate 11, as shown by way of example in Fig. 1.
[0095] Security element 10 has one or more optical security features whose security feature 12 is shown in Fig. 1. Thus, in addition to security feature 12, another or more, in particular optically identifiable security features can also be provided in the security element 10. Here, it is also possible that the substrate 11 of the document of value 1 in the area of the security element 10 has one or more transparent areas or corresponding window-type recesses in the area whose security element 10 displays a feature security visible in transmission. Thus, it is also possible that this transparent area of the carrier substrate 11 or this window-type recess in the carrier substrate 11 is provided in the area of the security feature 12.
[0096] The carrier substrate 11 preferably consists of a paper substrate. However, it is also possible that the substrate charger 11 consists of a plastic substrate or a multilayer substrate consisting of several layers selected from the group: plastic layers, metal layers, fiber layers and paper layers .
[0097] Furthermore, it is possible that security document 1 has, in addition to security element 10, additional security elements and that security element 10 is superimposed at least in areas with one or more layers, for example, overlapping in areas with a security impression.
[0098] Furthermore, it is also possible that the security element has another format, for example, formed in the form of an appliqué, and also that the security document 1 has a different format than the one shown in Fig. 1, for example, formed in the form of a card, passport, etc.
[0099] Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b illustrate the basic structure of the security element 10 with the aid of a cut section of the security element 10 in the area of the security feature 12.
[00100] The security element 10 has a protective layer 22, a transparent layer 23 and an adhesive layer 25. Layer 24 preferably consists of a transparent, semi-transparent or opaque reflective layer or a thin transparent film layer system, semitransparent or opaque.
[00101] The protective layer 22 preferably consists of a protective lacquer layer with a layer thickness between 0.5 μm and 20 μm.
[00102] The transparent layer 23 preferably consists of a replica lacquer layer with a layer thickness between 1 μm and 50 μm, still preferably between 2 μm and 20 μm.
[00103] The adhesive layer 25 is preferably a layer of a thermally activatable adhesive with a layer thickness between 1 μm and 5 μm. In addition, it is also advantageous to use a UV activable adhesive as the adhesive for the adhesive layer 25.
[00104] As indicated in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, a base plane transposed by x and y coordinate axes is defined by the upper surface of layer 23, as well as a geometric z axis perpendicular to that base plane. Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b thus illustrate, by way of example, a three-dimensional coordinate system defined by layer 23 with a geometric axis x, a geometric axis y and a geometric axis z that define the corresponding spatial directions 61, 62 and 63. Here, it is also possible for the relief structures to be shaped on the surface of the layer 23 which is situated on the upper part and, therefore, that the upper surface of the layer 23 is not completely flat. In this case, the base plane is determined by the flat areas of the upper surface of layer 23.
[00105] Security feature 12 is composed of several areas 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 that exhibit a different optical appearance. In addition, areas 31 through 35 are surrounded by an area 30 which preferably does not exhibit an optically variable appearance. Area 30 may in particular have a matte structure or an anti-reflective structure.
[00106] In area 31, a large number of facet faces forming a relief structure 41 in area 31 are molded on the bottom surface of layer 23. This also applies to areas 32, where a large number of faces facet is also molded on the lower surface of layer 23. In areas 33, 34 and 35, in each case different diffractive relief structures are molded on the lower surface of layer 23, here a diffractive relief structure 42 is molded in area 33 and a diffractive relief structure 43 is molded in area 35.
[00107] According to a preferred embodiment, a bottom structure is molded on the first layer in a partial section of the first area that is not overlapped with the facet faces.
[00108] Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d illustrate by way of example a modality in which the area 31 has a large number of partial sections 311 that in each case are superimposed with a facet face 50, and, in addition, a partial section 312 which is superimposed with a bottom structure 44. As shown in Fig. 2c, the partial section 312 here is preferably shaped as a bottom area of the facet faces 50.
[00109] Since the bottom structure 44 molded in layer 23 in partial section 312 is preferably a relief structure that produces movement and / or transformation effects as a second optical effect (for example, as a Kinegram®) . These movement or transformation effects are described, for example, in EP 0 375 833 A1 and EP 0 105 099 A1 and reference is made to these documents in relation to the formation of the bottom structure 44.
[00110] As shown in Fig. 2c, the partial section 312 is divided into a large number of zones 322. A diffraction grid, preferably linear, is molded in each of the zones 322, where, preferably, the grids of diffraction of adjacent zones 322 differ in at least one network parameter, in particular in its azimuth angle or its spatial frequency. Within the respective zone 322, the network parameters preferably do not vary. Alternatively, the orientation of the grids or also other grid parameters or combinations of grid parameters of adjacent zones 322 may also vary.
[00111] The second optical effect of the bottom structure 44 and the first optical effect of the facet faces 50 can be complementary. For example, it is possible to produce a "scroll bar" effect with facet faces 50 and produce a movement effect in the opposite direction with background structure 44. Since the structure sizes of facet faces 50 and areas of surface arranged between these and superimposed with the background structure are below the resolution capacity with the naked eye, the two optical effects result in a combined optical effect from the overlap of the two individual effects. In this way, it is possible to produce particularly characteristic optical effects here.
[00112] Fig. 2e and Fig. 2f illustrate an additional modality in which in the partial sections of the first area that are not overlapped with the facet faces a relief structure with structures as described, for example, in EP 1 562 758 B1 is provided in the first layer.
[00113] The areas 311 where, in each case, preferably a facet facet 50 is provided, are preferably surrounded by a bottom area 312 in which that bottom structure 44 is shaped. The background structure generates a so-called "surface relief" effect, that is, microscopic surface structures with diffractive and / or refractive action that act as lenses are produced to stimulate a macroscopic three-dimensionality similar to a refractive anamorphic lens or shaped surface. optically deformed free. Thus, structures that act apparently in three-dimensional form can be produced, for example, ornaments, symbols, alphanumeric symbols. In order not to compromise the "surface relief" effect with the facet faces 50, the overlap of the surface with the facet faces should be low. Typically, this overlap of the surface should be less than 70%, preferably less than 50% and particularly preferably less than 30%.
[00114] In a first variant of this possibility, the facet faces 50 add a gloss effect to the "surface relief" effect. If facet faces 50 are provided with color generation or color effect structures, those facets further add color glow or color change effects to the "surface relief" effect. In this variant, it is advantageous that the surface overlap with the facets is even less, that is, less than 20% or even less than 10%.
[00115] Another variant combines the FSR (x, y) function of the "surface relief" effect with the F (x, y) function of facet faces 50. The effects of "surface relief" structures and faces facet 50 can complement each other. For example, it is possible to produce a convex lens function with the effect of "surface relief" and a movement function with a concave action with the facet faces 50.
[00116] Furthermore, it is possible that an area 31 of the security element 10 designed in accordance with Fig. 2c to Fig. 2f is also combined with an area overlaid with other relief structures and, for example, thus replacing the area 31 in the mode according to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b while maintaining the design of areas 32 to 35 according to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b.
[00117] Relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or bottom structure 44 here are molded in layer 23 which has a surface on which the three-dimensional negative mold or complementary mold of these relief structures is preferably provided in a and the same production process, for example, using a stamping tool. Thus, layer 23 may consist, for example, of a thermoplastic replica lacquer layer and a shaped embossing tool as shown above is used as the replica tool. Using heat and pressure, the relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or the bottom structure 44 here are molded on the bottom surface of layer 23 in the same production process using heat and pressure. Alternatively, it is also possible that layer 23 consists of a UV curable replica lacquer and that the relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or the bottom structure 44 are molded on the lower surface of the replica lacquer layer by UV replica by means of of the replica tool and simultaneous and / or subsequent UV radiation. Here again, the relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or the bottom structure 44 are preferably molded by means of one and the same replica tool. In this way, it is ensured that the relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or the bottom structure 44 are molded in layer 23 with precision of registration, that is, positionally accurate in the x and / or y direction, in relation to each other and thus, deviations from registers are avoided, that is, tolerances in relative position that occur due to the introduction of relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or bottom structure 44 by means of different replica tools and consecutive production processes. However, it is also possible to introduce the relief structures of areas 31-35 in layer 23 in the respective consecutive replication steps.
[00118] Figs. 3a and 3b illustrate by way of example a possible production process for producing the security element 10.
[00119] First, a separation layer 21 and then the protective layer 22 are applied to a carrier film 20 in consecutive steps. The carrier film 20 here is preferably a plastic film with a layer thickness between 6 μm and 300 μm. The plastic film here preferably consists of PET or BOPP. The separating layer 21 preferably has a layer thickness between 0.1 μm and 0.5 μm and preferably has wax components. However, it is also possible to dispense with the separation layer 21.
[00120] Then - as already described above - layer 23 is applied to protective layer 22 and, at the same time or in a subsequent step, the associated relief structures, for example, relief structures 41, 42 and 43 or the bottom structure 44, are molded on the exposed surface of layer 23 in areas 31 to 35. In area 30, preferably, no relief structure is molded on the exposed surface of layer 23.
[00121] Figure 3a now shows by way of example a section cut from area 31 in which the relief structures 41 are molded on layer 23. As shown in Fig. 3a, a large number of facet faces are molded on the exposed surface 232 of layer 23. Each of the facet faces here has a minimum dimension greater than 1 μm and a maximum dimension less than 300 μm, that is, a width greater than 1 μm and a length less than 300 μm. Preferably, the minimum dimensions of the facet faces here are between 1 μm and 20 μm, particularly preferably between 1 μm and 10 μm and the maximum dimension of the facet faces is between 5 μm and 100 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm and particularly preferably between 5 μm and 30 μm.
[00122] In the exemplary examples according to Fig. 2c to Fig. 2g, the area 31 has in each case only one facet face 50 which is surrounded by the bottom structure 44, as shown, for example, in Figs. 2d and 2f. Facet faces 50 of the embodiment examples according to Fig. 2c to Fig. 2g are preferably shaped and arranged as described with reference to Fig. 3a to Fig. 10c, with the result referred to in that sense of these modalities.
[00123] Fig. 3c shows a cut section of an additional variant in which a relief structure 41 'is molded in layer 23. The relief structure 41' has facet faces 50 with a height of structure Hf less than 2 μm . Here, the dimension of the facet faces towards the largest gradient of the facet faces varies in a pseudo-random manner, in which the parameter variation value is selected from a pseudo-random group of only three parameter variation values.
[00124] Each of the facet faces 50 is determined by the parameters: shape F of the facet face, size of area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid of the facet faces from the base plane, position P of the centroid of the facet face in the coordinate system transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, inclination angle Ax of the facet face around the geometric axis x facing the base plane, inclination angle Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y facing the base plane and azimuth angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face about the geometric axis z. Furthermore, in area 31 one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of facet faces 50 arranged in that area vary in a pseudo-random manner within a predefined range of variation in area 31. One or more of the parameters referred to above vary pseudorandomly in the case of each of the facet faces 50 disposed in the area 31.
[00125] It is particularly advantageous here that the parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of each of the facet faces 50 are determined as described below:
[00126] First, the parameters of each facet face are determined according to a predefined function that produces a predefined optical effect, for example, an optically variable representation of a given item of information. Then, one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az predefined by this function vary in a pseudo-random manner within a predefined variation range for each of the facet faces 50, with this, for example, the viewing angle range, robustness or depth impression of the effect determined by the function are improved and, for example, brightness and luminance effects are added. The parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay, Az are thus determined for each of the facet faces 50 in area 31 by an additive or multiplicative overlap of the predefined parameters by the predefined function of the respective facet face with a pseudo-random variation of one or more of these parameters within a predefined variation range for the respective parameter in area 31.
[00127] Furthermore, it is also possible that additional facet faces that do not have the dimensions specified above and / or vary in a pseudo-random manner, not randomly, in one of their parameters, are provided in area 31 in addition to facet faces 50.
[00128] In areas 32, in the same manner as described above in relation to area 31, a large number of facet faces 50 are molded on surface 232 of layer 23 and one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay , Az vary in a pseudo-random manner. It is particularly advantageous here that in the second area, the parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay, Az are also predefined by a predefined function and that predefined parameter is then additively superimposed with the pseudo-random variation of one or more of those parameters. It is advantageous here that the predefined function of area 31 differs from the predefined function of areas 32, with this the generation of different optically variable effects in areas 31 or 32 is produced. Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous that the parameters that vary pseudorandomly in area 31 on the one hand and in area 32 on the other hand differ. A different interesting optical appearance of areas 31 and 32 can also be obtained in this way. For example, the facet faces may be arranged in area 31 by means of a function in the form of a convex lens and in area 32 by means of a flat function or by means of a concave lens function. In addition, it is advantageous that at least one of the variation ranges of the varied parameters is selected differently in area 31 and in area 32 and here the different variation ranges differ in particular by at least 20%, still preferably at least 50 %. A different interesting optical appearance of areas 31 and 32 is also obtainable in this way.
[00129] In areas 33 to 35, diffractive or isotropic relief structures or anisotropic matte structures which in each case exhibit a different optically variable effect are preferably molded on the 232 surface of layer 23. The molded relief structures in these areas they are formed, for example, by diffraction grids with a spatial frequency between 700 lines / mm to 5000 lines / mm, computer-generated holograms, 2D or 3D holograms, or a Kinogram®. In addition, it is also possible to mold a zero order diffraction structure as the relief structure in one of areas 33 to 35.
[00130] The zero order diffraction structure is preferably a relief structure with a spacing between the individual structural elements in the range of light wavelengths to half a wavelength of light to a wavelength in the visible wavelength range (approx. 350 nm to 800 nm), which is preferably supplied with a high refractive index dielectric reflective layer (HRI layer), to generate a typical color effect depending on the viewing angle when the safety element is tilted and / or rotated.
[00131] Protection against counterfeiting of the security element 10 is significantly increased by the contrasting optical appearance of areas 31 to 35 produced in this way.
[00132] After molding the relief structures 41 to 43 on the surface 232 of layer 23, layer 24 is applied to surface 232.
[00133] The layer 24 preferably comprises here a thin film layer system, as shown in Fig. 3b. The layer 24 therefore has, for example, a semitransparent absorption layer 241, a spacer layer 242 and a metallic reflective layer 243. The absorption layer 241 is preferably a very thin metal layer and therefore semitransparent, for example, a chromium layer with a layer thickness of 5 nm. Spacer layer 242 is a transparent dielectric layer, for example, MgF2, SiO2 or polymer. The layer thickness of the spacer layer 242 here is preferably selected so that a defined viewing angle satisfies the condition À / 2 or À / 4 for À in the visible light wavelength range, that is, the thickness optical layer 242 is in the range of half or a quarter of the wavelengths of light and, therefore, with the interference of light reflected back by the boundary surface between the absorption layer 241 and the spacer layer 242 on one side and the bordering surface between the spacer layer 242 and the reflective layer 243 on the other hand, a color shift effect dependent on the viewing angle is generated in the range of light visible to the human eye.
[00134] Layer 243 is preferably a broadly opaque metal layer, for example, an aluminum layer with a layer thickness of 30 nm.
[00135] Investigations have shown that particularly interesting optically variable effects can be realized by coating the facet faces 50 with a thin film layer system.
[00136] However, it is also possible that a reflective metal layer, for example, of Al, or a HRI layer (HRI = High Refractive Index), for example, ZnS or TiO2, is applied as layer 24. In addition, it is also possible that the reflective layer 24 is not applied to the entire surface of the complete surface 232 of layer 23, but is applied to surface 232 only partially and / or in a pattern. Thus, it is possible, for example, to apply layer 24 only in areas 31 to 35 and not in the surrounding area 30.
[00137] In addition, it is also possible that layer 24 is not applied over the entire surface in areas 31 to 34, but is applied in a pattern to thus encode, for example, an item of information visible in transmission.
[00138] Fig. 3d shows an example where, in area 31, a reflective metallic layer, for example, aluminum or copper, is provided as layer 24 only in the partial sections of area 31 overlapped with facet faces 50 , but it is not provided in the partial sections of area 31 not overlapped with the facet faces. This partial formation of layer 24 is also possible with the structure of layer 24 according to Fig. 3b.
[00139] According to an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is possible that different layers 24 are applied to the surface 232 of layer 23 in areas 31, 32, 33, 34 and / or 35, thus, for example, a system of a thin film layer is applied to area 31, a metallic reflective layer is applied to areas 32 and a HRI layer is applied to the reflective layer to areas 33 to 35. It is also conceivable to apply a metallic reflective layer, for example, aluminum, to the areas 33 to 35, and another metallic reflective layer, for example, copper, in areas 31 and 32. This makes it possible to combine the optical effects of the facet faces with the different color prints of the two metallic reflective layers.
[00140] Furthermore, it is also possible that layer 24 has, in area 31 and / or area 32, partial sections in which layer 24 is constructed differently, or is formed by different layers or different combinations of layers.
[00141] Fig. 3e shows an example in which a metallic reflective layer 244, for example, aluminum, is provided in areas 31 and 32 only on facet faces 50. In addition, a reflective layer, preferably transparent or translucent additional, 245, for example, of an HRI material such as, for example, ZnS or TiO2, is applied to the total surface of the multilayer body, that is, in areas 31, 32 as well as 33, 34 and 35 as well as in particular also to facet faces 50 and adjacent to facet faces 50.
[00142] Furthermore, it is also possible that a reflective layer 24 that is constructed differently in partial sections of areas 31 and 32 is applied within areas 31 and 32, or that only the facet faces and not the surface areas 232 surrounding the facet faces are provided with the reflective layer 24 thereon.
[00143] Adhesive layer 25 is then applied to layer 24, as shown in Fig. 3b.
[00144] For the application of the security element 10 to the carrier substrate 11, the transfer film is applied according to Fig. 3b to the carrier substrate 11, the adhesive layer 25 is activated, for example, by heat and pressure and then the carrier film 20 is removed, with the result that a multilayer body with the layer structure shown in Fig. 2b remains on the carrier substrate 11.
[00145] Furthermore, it is also naturally possible that the security element 10 comprises, in addition to the layer shown in Fig. 2b, also one or more additional layers, for example, one or more additional decoration layers, reflective layers, layers of a magnetic material, etc. Thus, it is possible that the security element 10 is formed as a laminated film and, instead of the protective layer 22, and that a carrier film is preferably provided connected to layer 23 with an adhesion promoting layer.
[00146] An additional modality is explained below with reference to Fig. 2g: as schematically represented in Fig. 2g, a first optical effect, for example, "scroll bar" effect, is produced with facet faces 50 and this it is combined with demetallization in areas of the surface of a partial section 312 of the first area without the facet faces 50 for the local removal of the reflective layer, in particular metallic and opaque, (in the form of a Fig. "50").
[00147] As shown in Fig. 2g, area 31 has a large number of partial sections 311 which in each case are formed by the surface superimposed by a facet face and which are superimposed with a reflective layer, preferably a reflective layer metallic. In addition, the bottom area of the partial sections 311 is divided into a first partial section 313 and a second partial section 312. The first partial section 313 is also overlaid with the reflective layer, in particular overlaid with a metallic reflective layer. The second section partial 312 is not superimposed with the reflective layer, preferably demetallized. In the "50" area, the partial sections 311 are then surrounded by the partial sections 312 and outside "50" are surrounded by the partial section 313.
[00148] Thus, this multilayer body has a first optical effect 351 in reflection and a second optical effect 352 in transmission. In reflection, the "scroll bar" effect appears as the first optical effect with full intensity over the entire area, since all facet faces are provided with the reflective layer. If the multilayer body is now integrated, for example, in a window, the figure "50" is additionally shown as the second optical effect 352 when viewed in transmission, since the metallic reflective layer removed in the areas acts as a shadow mask.
[00149] The demetallization for the removal of the reflective metallic layer here can be carried out, for example, with the aid of the demetallization structures previously described or by means of engraving processes or washing processes known for the local removal of metal layers.
[00150] A "scroll bar" effect is an optical effect similar to a reflective cylindrical lens. In the process, areas of the cylindrical lens that reflect light in the direction of an observer appear brighter than areas that reflect light in other directions. Thus, this function produces a type of "light band" that appears to move over the cylindrical lens when the multilayer body is tilted in the direction of the viewing angle.
[00151] The parameters of the facet faces 50 are preferably determined in area 31 according to one of the processes described below:
[00152] Fig. 4 illustrates a model of layer 23 in area 31 with the top surface 231 and a large number of facet faces 50 molded in the bottom surface 232. A coordinate system with the x, y and z coordinate axes that define the associated spatial directions 61, 62 and 63 is determined by the upper surface 231 of layer 23. As shown in Fig. 4, the facet faces 50 are arranged according to a regular two-dimensional grid that is transposed by the x and y axes of the coordinate system . This grid defines a normal position 65 in the base plane transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y of each centroid 66 of the facet faces 50. The grid width of the grid in direction 61 and in direction 62 here is preferably selected constant . In addition, it is also preferred that the grid width of the grid is equal in direction 61 and in direction 62. The function that determines the parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of the facet faces is in each case a constant in Fig. 4.
[00153] Facet faces have a width of 67 and a length of 68, where width is generally understood to mean the minimum dimension of two opposite boundary points of a facet face and by length is meant the maximum dimension between two bordering points of a facet face. Facet faces can have any shape, for example, the shape of a square, a rectangle, a regular polygon, a random polygon, a circle or a conical section. The use of facet faces with an F shape in the shape of a circle or conical section has proved to be particularly advantageous here.
[00154] Furthermore, it is advantageous to use the shape of the facet faces 50 as a hidden security feature. Thus, it is possible, for example, to select facet faces 50 in the form of letters or symbols, for example, the outline of a country, a characteristic mountain or lake, or combinations or overlays thereof.
[00155] The surface of the facet face 50 is preferably formed flat in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
[00156] In the representation according to Fig. 4, all facet faces 50 have the same shape F and area size S. However, it is also possible that the area size S and / or shape F of the facet faces 50 vary in area 31, for example, vary randomly or differ from facet to facet face according to the predefined function to then generate a specific item of optical information, for example, a grayscale image, for example , by varying the size of area S.
[00157] The same applies to the spacing 64 of the centroid 66 of the facet faces 50 from the base plane determined by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y. This can also be predefined by the predefined function to generate a particular item of optical information, vary pseudo-randomly or be determined by an additive deviation from the supplied value according to the predefined function with a pseudo-random variation of the parameter.
[00158] Possible additional variations of the parameters of the facet faces 50 are explained with reference to the following Fig. 5a to Fig. 6d:
[00159] Fig. 5a to Fig. 5d show the spatial arrangement of a facet face 50 with the centroid 66. In the representation according to Fig. 5b, the facet face 50 is rotated from the starting position shown in Fig. 5a around the geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane and then the azimuth angle Az of the facet face 50 is changed. In the representation according to Fig. 5c, the facet face 50 is tilted around the y axis relative to the starting position shown in Fig. 5a and then the tilt angle Ay of the facet face around the geometry axis y facing the base plane changes. In the representation according to Fig. 5d, the facet face 50 is inclined with respect to the starting position according to Fig. 5a around the x-axis and around the y-axis and then the inclination angle Ax of the face facet 50 around the x-axis facing the base plane and the tilt angle Ay of the facet face around the y-axis facing the base plane changes.
[00160] Fig. 6a shows the facet face 50 in a starting position where the centroid 66 of the facet face 50 corresponds to the normal position 65 of the facet face determined by the grid. In the representation according to Fig. 6b, the position of the facet face 50 in the base plane transposed by the geometric axis x and y varies until the point that the centroid is shifted in the direction of the geometric axis x in relation to the normal position 65. Fig 6c shows a corresponding representation in which the centroid of the facet face 50 is offset in the direction of the geometric axis y with respect to the normal position 65. Fig. 6d shows a representation in which the centroid 66 of the facet face 50 is deviated in the direction of the geometric axis x and in the direction of the geometric axis y from the normal position 65.
[00161] Fig. 7a now shows a modality in which the angle of inclination Ay of the facet faces 50 in the area shown varies pseudorandomly in a range from -45 ° to + 45 ° and the representation according to Fig. 7b shows a modality in which the inclination angle Ax and the inclination angle Ay vary in a range between -45 ° and + 45 °. A matte gloss effect and a glossy effect are in particular generated by this pseudo-random variation, in which the range of the angle of view in which these effects are visible is greater in the example mode according to Fig. 7b than that of according to Fig. 7a.
[00162] Fig. 7c shows a modality in which the positions P of the centroides of the facet face 50 in the coordinate system transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y vary in a pseudo-random manner. Here, in the represented area, the position P of each of the facet faces 50 is varied by a pseudo-random deviation in the direction of the geometric axis x as well as by a pseudo-random deviation in the direction of the geometric axis y from the respective normal position 65, as already explained above with reference to Fig. 6d.
[00163] If, for example, the grid width of the grid is selected so that the grid width in the x direction corresponds to 1 ^ time the dimension of the facet face 50 in the x direction and the grid width in the y direction corresponds to 1 ^ Once the dimension of the facet face 50 in the y direction, the variation range of the random deviation in the x direction is preferably selected between -Dx / 2 and + Dx / 2 and the variation range of the random deviation in the y direction. is selected between -Dy / 2 and + Dy / 2, where Dx is dimension 68 of facet face 50 in the x direction and Dy is dimension 67 of the facet face in the direction of the y geometric axis.
[00164] Investigations show that the optical brightness of the optically variable effect is also additionally increased by the pseudo-random variation of the P position. Furthermore, the formation of ghost images, unintentional, for example, diffractive and similar color phenomena can also be avoided .
[00165] Fig. 7D shows a modality in which the azimuthal angle Az of the facet faces 50 varies in a pseudo-random manner. The range of variation of the azimuth angle Az here is preferably selected between -45 ° and + 45 °.
[00166] Fig. 7e shows a modality in which the parameters P, Ax, Ay and Az vary pseudorandomly in the represented area.
[00167] As already determined above, the parameters of the facet faces 50 are preferably determined by an additive or multiplicative overlap of the values of the respective parameters according to a predefined function that defines an optically variable effect that will be obtained, with a pseudo-random variation of one or more parameters within the predefined range of variation. Preferably, the procedure for this is as follows:
[00168] first, the position P of the facet face 50 is checked, that is, the position x, y of the centroid of the facet face is determined. Then, the normal local of the function predefined at that point x, y is checked and adopted as the normal of the facet face 50 at that point and then the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces are determined. The function gradient at that point x, y is then used to determine the orientation of the facet faces and then the azimuth angle of the facet faces Az at point x, y. The remaining parameters are preferably set to constant values by the function. As already presented above, it is also advantageous here that the parameter S is varied to generate a grayscale image. The parameters of these facet faces 50 adjusted in this way are then overlapped additively with the pseudo-random variation of one or more parameters of the facet faces, as already presented above. Thus, for example, the position P varies in a pseudo-random manner as shown in Fig. 7c and the inclination angles Ax and Ay, as shown in Fig. 7b, vary in a pseudo-random manner.
[00169] Thus, for example, a function F (x, y) that contains a predefined item of optical information, in particular an optically predefined variable item of information, is first predefined. For each of the normal positions on the grid transposed by the geometric axis x and geometric axis y according to Fig. 4, where the function F (x, y) is a constant and the normal vector is always parallel to the geometric axis z, now at least the angle of inclination Ax and Ay of the facet face allocated in the respective normal position is calculated in area 31 as shown above. In addition to the inclination angles Ax and Ay, optionally the azimuth angle Az, the spacing H of the centroid from the base plane and the area size S of the respective facet faces, and optionally also the shape F of the facet faces, also can be individually determined by the function F (x, y). The H spacing can then be determined, for example, from the spacing of the respective point on a reference surface (also optionally accompanied by the additional combination with a modular function) and the area size S determined by a brightness value allocated to the respective Score. Then, the position of the respective facet faces is optionally varied in a pseudo-random manner as shown above and then the corresponding calculations are performed for the next facet face 50.
[00170] Fig. 8a to Fig. 8e now illustrate by way of example several predefined functions F (x, y), in which this function, as shown in the example of Fig. 8d, also means a defined function of according to a cylindrical coordinate system.
[00171] The function F (x, y) illustrated with reference to Fig. 8a generates an optical "scroll bar" effect similar to a reflective cylindrical lens. In the process, areas of the cylindrical lens that reflect light in the direction of an observer appear brighter than areas that reflect light in other directions. Thus, this function produces a type of "light band" that appears to move over the cylindrical lens when the multilayer body is tilted in the direction of the viewing angle. The function F (x, y) illustrated with reference to Fig. 8b generates an optically variable effect similar to a reflective spherical lens. The function F (x, y) illustrated with reference to Fig. 8c generates a distortion effect resulting from the convex and concave reflective surfaces. The function F (x, y) described in Fig. 8d and illustrated here with reference to a cylindrical coordinate system generates a radial expansion movement effect.
[00172] Thus, the function F (x, y) preferably describes the shape of a three-dimensional freeform surface, for example, the surfaces 70 to 74 shown in Fig. 8a to Fig. 8e. As already shown above, the inclination angles Ax and / or Ay here are determined by the respective surface normal of that three-dimensional freeform surface in the centroid of the respective facet face.
[00173] It is still possible that the F (x, y) function is based on a logo, an image, an alphanumeric character, a geometry figure or another object or that the F (x, y) function describes the cut section of a surface of a three-dimensional object. This is shown, for example, in Fig. 8e. Thus, Fig. 8e shows the representation of a free-form surface determined by a predefined function F (x, y) in the form of a three-dimensionally drawn crown.
[00174] Here, the three-dimensional freeform surface can also preferably be defined by the fact that a given two-dimensional logo, image or letter is adopted as a starting point, and a freeform surface is defined in elevation, type lens, from the sketches of that two-dimensional object, that is, similar to the curvature of a continuously curved optical lens, in relation to the respective centroid, this freeform surface preferably follows the outline of the two-dimensional starting object and - due to the lens-shaped elevation - displays a lens-type magnification, demagnetization or distortion effect. This is also accomplished, for example, a three-dimensional surface that provides a lens function, for example, the surface 71, is geometrically transformed according to the two-dimensional sketches.
[00175] It is particularly advantageous here that the free-form surface, as shown in Fig. 8a - Fig. 8d, is formed by a continuous and differentiable function and is composed of flat areas and surface curves. The maximum of the free-form surface in the direction of the geometric axis z is at a distance from its respective projection on the base plane, preferably between 4 mm and 40 mm, still preferably between 8 mm and 20 mm.
[00176] The freeform surface here can comprise one or more freeform elements that in each case have been determined, for example, as presented above from a two-dimensional object or the transposition of a cut section of an object's surface three-dimensional. The minimum dimension of each of these free-form elements is preferably between 2 mm and 40 mm, still preferably between 4 mm and 20 mm.
[00177] Fig. 9a to Fig. 9d illustrate the performance of the steps to determine the parameters of the facet faces 50 with reference to a predefined function F (x, y) that describes a parabolic freeform surface according to Fig 8a, this generates a "scroll bar" effect as an optically variable item of information (with corresponding design of the freeform surface with the reflective layer for viewing in reflection / incident light).
[00178] In a first step, the facet faces 50 are positioned in their respective normal position and the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the respective facet faces are determined corresponding to the normal surface of the three-dimensional freeform surfaces described by the function F ( x, y) at the respective centroid of the facet faces 50, as shown in Fig. 9a.
[00179] In a next step, the angle of inclination Ay is superimposed with a pseudo-random variation of the angle of inclination Ay, as shown in Fig. 9b. The range of variation of this pseudo-random variation here is preferably selected between 20% and 80% of the average gradient of the F (x, y) function.
[00180] Then, the azimuthal angle Az of the facet faces varies in a pseudo-random manner, as shown in Fig. 9c.
[00181] Then, the P position of the facet faces varies in a pseudo-random manner by a pseudo-random deviation from the respective normal position, as shown in Fig. 9d.
[00182] An optically variable "scroll bar" effect is obtained here in which the represented line has additional brightness, matte shine and shiny effects and the optically variable effect is visible over a wider range of the viewing angle and then firmly, this is under a wide variety of viewing and lighting conditions.
[00183] Fig. 10a to Fig. 10c show photographs of area 31 from different viewing angles, with a corresponding selection of the function F (x, y) as a spherical lens according to Fig. 8b.
[00184] The modality examples shown above have a fill factor, a ratio of the area of area 31 covered by the facet faces to the total area of area 31, which is between 80% and 50%. The optically variable print is then advantageously also superimposed on a given viewing area with an optical print which is formed by the areas of the area 31 not covered with the facet faces. To obtain high overlapping densities of facet faces, it may be necessary to incorporate correction steps in the main structure when generating the facet face layout. For example, after a first series for the layout of facet faces, the algorithm can provide a search step that looks for randomly formed surfaces that do not have facet faces, but could be large enough to support the facet faces. The algorithm can then, in particular, adjust, the additional facet faces on these surfaces.
[00185] In addition, it is also advantageous to select the fill factor so that the areas not covered with the facet faces do not make a greater contribution to the total optical impression than the remaining orientations of the facet faces 50.
[00186] To increase the fill factor, for this the spacing of the facet faces in relation to each other can be reduced to a factor, or an overlap of facet faces may be allowed. For this, the grid width of the grid is preferably selected between 0.8 times and 1.5 times the dimension of the facet faces in the respective direction.
[00187] In addition, it is also advantageous to reduce the number of parameter variation values of the inclination angles Ax and Ay for this.
[00188] In addition, it is possible that the surfaces of the facet faces are also overlapped with one of the following structures over the entire surface or over part of the surface:
[00189] the matte structures contribute to spread the light and increase the range of the viewing angle. These matte structures can scatter light in an isotropic or anisotropic manner. Anisotropic matte structures can be identically aligned over all facet faces, in which case they scatter light in approximately the same solid angle range.
[00190] Diffractive structures, for example, sinusoidal, rectangular or sawtooth-shaped grids. Grids can be linear, crossed or hexagonal. Preferably, these diffractive structures have grid periods in the range of 200 nm to 2000 nm. Furthermore, the structure depth is preferably in the range of 20 nm to 2000 nm. As shown in Fig. 11a, these diffraction grids can be provided over the entire surface of the respective facet face. In addition, the grid lines of all facet faces can be aligned parallel to each other, regardless of the orientation of the facet faces. However, it is also possible, as shown in Fig. 11b, that the azimuthal angle of the diffractive grids is oriented in the direction of the azimuthal angle of the respective facet face 50. The diffractive structures, for example, a diffractive line grid, arranged in particular in a pattern, with 500 to 5000 lines / mm, it can also serve, for example, to align the molecules of a liquid crystal layer on the diffractive structure to adjust the polarization properties of the liquid crystal material.
[00191] Moth-eye-style structures reduce the reflection on the boundary surface between the facets and the surrounding environment. There are also other structures that produce this effect, for example, linear wavelength grids with a period, preferably <200 nm. All of these types of structures can be used to adjust the brightness of the area with the facet structures in a targeted manner. It is also conceivable to mix or match the facet faces with moth-eye structures with facet faces without structures or with different structures in the area 31.
[00192] Zero order diffraction structures, as described, for example, in US 4,484,797 and WO 03/059643 A1. These structures typically have grid periods in the range of 200 nm to 500 nm and grid depths between 50 nm and 300 nm. The grid profile can be formed rectangular or sinusoidal, or more complex. These structures are preferably covered with an HRI layer or a multilayered package of HRI and LRI layers. The layer thickness of the individual HRI layers is typically in the range of 30 nm to 300 nm. If the zero order diffraction structures have a preferred direction, for example, linear or crossed, they have a color shift effect when rotated. The combination of this type of structures with the facet faces makes it possible, for example, to imitate the optical effects that are produced with pigments with zero order diffraction structures. The use of this invention makes it possible to avoid costly winding routes to produce, apply and possibly align these pigments.
[00193] In addition, it is possible to combine a "scroll bar" effect with the rotating effect. In a preferred embodiment, the linear grid lines of the zero order diffraction structures are aligned perpendicular to the geometric axis of a "scroll bar" as outlined in Figure 8a, that is, in the x direction. If the multilayer body is not angled around the geometric y-axis, the zero-order diffraction structure exhibits a small effect of color slope as known by observation parallel to the network lines. This has the result that the "scroll bar" effect is dominant. In contrast, when the multilayer body is rotated 90 °, the color rotation effect of the zero order diffraction structures is dominant. If, on the other hand, the multilayer body is tilted around the geometric axis x, the zero order diffraction structures exhibit a considerable color slope effect.
[00194] Nanotext, as shown in Figs. 12a and 12b, here too, nanotext as shown in Fig. 12a with reference to nano-text 46 can be arranged regardless of the orientation of the facet faces 50 or corresponding to the azimuth angle of the respective facet face 50, as shown in Fig 12b. The nanotext also includes nanomotives such as logos, cards, symbols, images, codes, bar codes and the like.
[00195] These structures can also overlap facet faces 50 only in a predetermined area, as shown in Fig. 13a. Linear structures 48 overlaid with a diffraction grid here overlap facet faces 50 in a partial section. In all embodiments of the invention, it is possible that the structures as described above are present between the facet faces. These structures can be present only between the facet faces or on and between the facet faces.
[00196] Fig. 13b shows a corresponding modality in which the facet faces 50 are overlapped by a zero order diffraction structure 49 in an area, and then the color change generated by these structures, for example, from red to green, is generated in the corresponding area with a 90 ° rotation of the multilayer body.

权利要求:
Claims (17)
[0001]
1. Multilayer body (10), characterized by the fact that it comprises a first layer (23) with a first surface (231) and a second surface (232) opposite the first surface (231), where the first surface (231) of the first layer (23) defines a base plane transposed by axes of x and y coordinates, in which a large number of facet faces (50) are molded on the second surface (232) of the first layer (23) in a first area (31 ), where each facet face (50) has a minimum dimension (67) greater than 1 μm and a maximum dimension (68) less than 300 μm, where each facet face (50) is determined by the shape parameter F of the facet face, size area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid (66) of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid (66) of the facet face in coordinate system transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, inclination angle Ax of the facet face around the axis geometric x in relation to the base plane, angle of inclination Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y in relation to the base plane and azimuthal angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face around a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, in which one or more parameters F, S, H, P, and Az of the facet faces (50) arranged in the first area (31) vary in a pseudo-random manner within a predetermined range of variation - defined in each case for the first area (31), and in which a second reflective layer (24) is applied to each of the facet faces, in which the multilayer body (10) generates a first optically variable item of information and, to generate the first information item, the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) vary according to a function F (x, y).
[0002]
2. Multilayer body (10), characterized by the fact that it comprises a first layer (23) with a first surface (231) and a second surface (232) opposite to the first surface (231), where the first surface (231) the first layer (23) defines a base plane transposed by the x and y coordinate axes, in which a large number of facet faces (50) are molded on the second surface (232) of the first layer (23) in a first area (31) , where each facet face (50) has a minimum dimension (67) greater than 1 μm and a maximum dimension (68) less than 300 μm, where each facet face (50) is determined by parameters shape F of the facet face, size area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid (66) of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid (66) of the facet face in the system of coordinates transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, inclination angle Ax of the facet face around the axis geometric x in relation to the base plane, angle of inclination Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y in relation to the base plane and azimuthal angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face around a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, in which one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of the facet faces (50) arranged in the first area (31) vary pseudo-randomly within a range of predefined variation in each case for the first area (31), and in which a second reflective layer (24) is applied to each of the facet faces, where the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces (50) in the first area (33) are in each case determined according to an additive overlap of the inclination angles Ax and Ay determined by a function F (x, y) with the pseudo-random variation of the inclination angle Ax and / or the inclination angle Ay within the respective predefined range of variation for the first area of s uperface, where the function F (x, y) is selected so that it varies the inclination angles Ax and Ay to generate a first optically variable item of information (75).
[0003]
3. Multilayer body (10), according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the predefined variation range of the inclination angles Ax and / or Ay is selected to be less than the average inclination of the function F (x, y ) in the first area (31), in particular, between 0.1 times and 1.9 times the mean slope of the function F (x, y) is selected.
[0004]
4. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the function F (x, y) describes a three-dimensional freeform surface (74) with one or more freeform elements (70 , 71, 72, 73) and that the inclination angles Ax and / or Ay determined by the function F (x, y) are determined by the respective normal surface of the three-dimensional freeform surface in the centroid of the respective facet face (50).
[0005]
5. Multilayer body (10), according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the function F (x, y) describes a section cut from a surface of a three-dimensional object as a free-form element (74), wherein the minimum dimension of a free-form element in relation to a projection on the base plane is in particular greater than 2 mm, still preferably greater than 4 mm and the maximum in the adjacent of the free-form element in the direction of the axis geometric z in relation to a projection on the base plane are separated from each other in particular by more than 4 mm, still preferably more than 8 mm, and / or that the three-dimensional free-form surface comprises one or more free-form elements , producing a lenticular enlargement, reduction or distortion effect, in the form of an alphanumeric character, a geometric figure or another object, and / or that each of the free-form elements has a minimum surface area in the base plane greater than 2 mm, in particular between and 2 mm and 50 mm and / or that the maximum of the freeform element relative to its respective projection on the base plane is separated by more than 4 mm, preferably more than 8 mm, and / or in which the function F (x, y) is constant and differentiable in the area of each free-form element and / or that the function F (x, y) is composed of straight and curved areas of surface in the area of each free-form element, and / or where the function F (x, y) describes, in the area of a freeform element, a freeform surface in the form of a lens or a lens transformed to represent an alphanumeric character, a geometric figure or another object.
[0006]
6. Multilayer body (10), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that for the pseudo-random variation of one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az within the variation range respectively By default, a parameter variation value is selected pseudorandomly from a predefined group of parameter variation values, where the group comprises between 3 and 30, in particular between 3 and 10 parameter variation values.
[0007]
7. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the angle of inclination Ax and / or Ay of the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) varies pseudorandomly in one range from -45 ° to + 45 °, still preferably in a range from -30 ° to + 30 °, in particular to obtain a gloss effect, and / or in which the azimuth angle Az of the facet faces ( 50) in the first area (31) it varies in a pseudo-random manner in a range from -90 ° to + 90 °, still preferably from -45 ° to + 45 °, and / or where the spacing H of the centroid of the facet faces in the first area varies in a pseudo-random manner, in which the difference between the maximum and minimum spacing between which the H spacing between the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) varies randomly is between 0.5 μm and 8 μm, still preferably between 0.5 μm and 2 μm.
[0008]
8. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facet faces (50) are arranged according to a two-dimensional grid transposed by the geometric axis x and y.
[0009]
9. Multilayer body (10), according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the limit values of the variation range of the pseudo-random displacement of the respective normal position in the x and / or y direction are between 0% and 100%, from preferably between 0% and 20% of the facet face dimension in the direction of the geometric axis x or geometric axis y, and / or where the range of variation of the random displacement is + D / 2 and -D / 2, in where D is the dimension of the facet face in the direction of the x-axis or the y-axis and / or where the grid width of the grid in the direction of the x-axis and / or the y-axis is between 1.2 times and 2 times the dimension of the facet face in the direction of the geometric axis x or geometric axis y, in particular 1.5 times the dimension of the facet face (50) in the direction of the geometric axis x or geometric axis y.
[0010]
10. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that one or more of the facet faces (50) are coated with a diffractive structure (44), a zero order diffraction structure ( 45) or a non-text (46, 47), and / or where the second layer (24) has a thin film layer system that has one or more spacer layers (242) whose layer thickness is selected so that the thin film layer system generates, through interference from incident light, a color shift effect depending on the angle of view, in particular in the visible wavelength range, and / or that the second layer comprises a layer oriented liquid crystal, and / or that the second layer comprises a metal layer (243) and / or an HRI layer.
[0011]
11. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the multilayer body (10) has a second area (32), in which one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az of each of the facet faces (50) arranged in the second area (32) varies pseudo-randomly in the second area (32) within a predefined variation range, in each case, for the second area (32), and that the parameters that vary in a pseudo-random way in the first and second area (31, 32) differ from each other, and / or at least a range of variation of the varied parameters is selected differently in the first and second areas (31, 32), in particular because at least one range of variation in the first area (31) differs from that in the second area (32) by at least 20%.
[0012]
12. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that in a partial section (312) of the first area (31) that is not covered by the facet faces (50) a bottom structure (44) is molded on the second surface (232) of the first layer (23), wherein the bottom structure (44) comprises in particular a diffractive and / or refractive relief structure, in particular a Kinegram®.
[0013]
13. Multilayer body (10), according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the proportion of the surface covered by the areas of the partial section (311) of the multilayer body coated with the facet faces (50) in relation to the total surface the partial section (311) of the first area coated with the facet faces (50) and the partial section areas (312) of the first area overlaid with the bottom structure (44) is less than 70%, preferably less than 50%, even more preferably less than 30%, when the multilayer body is viewed perpendicular to the base plane, and / or that the centroides of the adjacent facet faces (50) are separated from each other between 2 μm and 300 μm, still preferably between 5 μm and 100 μm, and / or where the minimum distance between a point on the outer edge of each facet face and a point on the outer edge of the respectively adjacent facet face is less than 300 μm , still preferably less than 100 μm and still preferably between 0 μm and 1 00 μm, more preferably between 1 μm and 50 μm.
[0014]
14. Multilayer body (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second reflective layer (24) is provided in the first area (31) in the area of the facet faces (50) and is not provided in a first partial section (312) that is not transposed with the facet faces (50), where the second reflective layer (24) is provided in particular in the first area (31) in a second partial section (313) that does not it is covered with the facet faces (50), and in which the first and / or second partial section (312, 313) is formed in a pattern, and in particular the first partial section forms a pattern area (312) and the the second partial section (313) forms a background area of the first partial section (312) or vice versa, and that, when viewed with the passage of light, the multilayer body provides an item of information that is determined by the shape of the first and the second partial section and is visible to the human observer, and where the first partial section forms in particular Using a bottom area relative to the partial sections of the first area that are lined with the facet faces and preferably surrounds a large number of facet faces.
[0015]
15. Production process of a multilayer body (10), as defined in claim 2, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: providing a first layer (23) having a first surface (231) and a second surface (232) opposite the first surface (231), where the first surface (231) of the first layer (23) defines a base plane transposed by the axes of x and y coordinates, shaping a large number of facet faces (50) on the second surface (232 ) of the first layer (23), in particular by means of a stamping tool, in which each of the facet faces (50) has a minimum dimension (67) greater than 3 μm and a maximum dimension (68) less than 300 μm and where each of the facet faces (50) is determined by the shape parameters F of the facet face, size area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid (66) of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid (66) of the facet face in the transp coordinate system osto by the x-axis and the y-axis, angle of inclination Ax of the facet face around the geometric axis x in relation to the base plane, angle of inclination Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y in relation to the base plane and azimuthal angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face about a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, and where one or more parameters F, S, H, P, Ax, Ay and Az the facet faces (50) arranged in a first area vary, in the first area (31), in a pseudo-random manner within a predefined range of variation in each case for the first area (31), and apply a second reflective layer (24 ) to the large number of facet faces, determining the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) by an additive overlap of the inclination angles Ax and Ay determined by a function F (x, y ) with the pseudo-random variation of the inclination angle Ax and / or the the slope Ay within the respective predefined variation range for the first area (31), where the function F (x, y) is selected so that it varies the slope angles Ax and Ay to generate a first optically variable item information (75).
[0016]
16. Process for producing a multilayer body (10) as defined in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: providing a first layer (23) with a first surface (231) and a second surface (232) opposite the first surface (231), where the first surface (231) of the first layer (23) defines a base plane transposed by the axes of x and y coordinates, shaping a large number of facet faces (50) on the second surface (232 ) of the first layer (23), in particular by means of a stamping tool, in which each of the facet faces (50) has a minimum dimension (67) greater than 3 μm and a maximum dimension (68) less than 300 μm and where each of the facet faces (50) is determined by the shape parameters F of the facet face, size area S of the facet face, H spacing of the centroid (66) of the facet face from the base plane, position P of the centroid (66) of the facet face in the coordinate system tr angled by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y, angle of inclination Ax of the facet face about the geometric axis x in relation to the base plane, angle of inclination Ay of the facet face around the geometric axis y in relation to the base plane and azimuthal angle Az of the facet face defined by the angle of rotation of the facet face about a geometric axis z perpendicular to the base plane, and in which one or more parameters F, S, H, P, and Az of the faces of facet (50) arranged in a first area vary, in the first area (31), in a pseudo-random manner within a range of predefined variation in each case for the first area (31), and apply a second reflective layer (24) to the large number of facet faces, in which the multilayer body (10) generates a first optically variable item of information and, to generate the first item of information, the inclination angles Ax and Ay of the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) varies according to a function F (x, y).
[0017]
17. Process, according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by the fact that the process comprises the step of: determining the position P of each of the facet faces (50) in the first area (31) by a deviation pseudo-randomization of the centroid (66) of the respective facet face (50) from its respective normal position (65) in the x and / or y direction, in which a two-dimensional grid transposed by the geometric axis x and the geometric axis y defines the normal position (65 ) of the centroid (66) of the respective facet face (50) in the base plane for each of the facet faces (50) arranged in the first area (31).

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CN113056376A|2021-06-29|Optically variable element, security document, method for producing an optically variable element, method for producing a security document

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CN110936750A|2020-03-31|Optical anti-counterfeiting element and anti-counterfeiting product

同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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RU2596963C2|2016-09-10|

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CN103561963B|2016-05-25|

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KR20140020961A|2014-02-19|

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MY161306A|2017-04-14|

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CA2829504C|2018-11-27|

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US10427368B2|2019-10-01|

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DE102011014114B3|2012-05-10|

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US20140037898A1|2014-02-06|

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US20170239898A1|2017-08-24|

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AU2012228526B2|2014-10-30|

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BR112013023485A2|2016-12-06|

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JP6168411B2|2017-07-26|

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WO2012123303A1|2012-09-20|

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AU2012228526C1|2017-04-20|

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EP2686172B1|2015-06-24|

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RU2013145884A|2015-05-20|

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AU2012228526A1|2013-05-02|

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MX2013010463A|2014-02-11|

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CA2829504A1|2012-09-20|

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KR101924244B1|2018-11-30|

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CN103561963A|2014-02-05|

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JP2014515834A|2014-07-03|

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US9676156B2|2017-06-13|

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EP2686172A1|2014-01-22|

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法律状态:
2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/03/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102011014114.6|2011-03-15|

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DE102011014114A|DE102011014114B3|2011-03-15|2011-03-15|Multi-layer body and method for producing a multi-layer body|

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PCT/EP2012/053873|WO2012123303A1|2011-03-15|2012-03-07|Multi-layer body|

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