• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    APPLIANCE FOR MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS AND MONITORING METHOD. The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring environmental parameters which includes; a fiber optic sensor (12) configured to be arranged along a path in an environment to be measured, the path of the fiber optic sensor (12) defining a longitudinal axis; and at least one section of the fiber optic sensor (12) configured so that an entire length of the at least one section is exposed to a substantially homogeneous environmental parameter; at least part of the at least one section extending in one direction with a radial component relative to the longitudinal axis.
    公开号:BR112013013920B1
    申请号:R112013013920-0
    申请日:2011-11-08
    公开日:2020-11-10
    发明作者:Travis S. Hall
    申请人:Baker Hughes Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Cross Reference to Related Orders
    This claim claims the benefit of U.S. Order No. 12/962786, deposited on December 8, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety. Foundations
    Fiber optic sensors can be used to monitor many different parameters in selected structures or environments. Examples of fiber optic sensors include Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, which can be used to detect a request on an optical fiber. Distributed temperature sensor (DTS) systems use fiber optic sensors to generate temperature information at the bottom of the well and in other environments.
    In order to ensure accurate temperature detection at the bottom of the well, DTS and other fiber optic sensors are usually calibrated before being positioned. This calibration is typically performed while the fiber sensors are on the surface and stored in rolls. When the fibers are positioned at the bottom of the well, they are unwound and exposed and substantially different environmental conditions, including high temperatures, high pressures and various chemical compositions. Positioning can change the characteristics of the sensors and, thus, compromise the calibration performed on the surface. In addition, temperature gradients typically found in fiber optic sensors positioned in downhole environments make the task of calibrating downhole sensors difficult. Summary of the Invention
    An apparatus for measuring environmental parameters includes:
    a fiber optic sensor configured to be arranged along a path in an environment to be measured, the path of the fiber optic sensor defining a longitudinal axis; and at least one section of the fiber optic sensor is configured so that an entire length of the at least one section is exposed to an at least substantially homogeneous environmental parameter, at least part of the at least one section extending in one direction with a radial component in relation to the longitudinal axis.
    A method for monitoring an environmental measurement device includes: arranging a fiber optic sensor along a path in an environment to be measured, the fiber optic sensor path defining a longitudinal axis, the fiber optic sensor including at least at least one section so that an entire length of the at least one section is exposed to an environmental parameter at least substantially, homogeneous, at least part of the at least one section extending in a direction with a radial component with respect to the longitudinal axis; transmitting an electromagnetic measurement signal to the fiber optic sensor and receiving response signals from a plurality of measurement sites arranged on the fiber optic sensor and at least one section; evaluate the environmental parameter in each of the plurality of locations and generate a profile, the profile including at least a part of the profile that corresponds to at least one section; and analyze at least one part of the profile to monitor the performance of the fiber optic sensor. Brief Description of Drawings
    These and other characteristics, aspects and advantages of the present invention are best understood when the description below is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which equal numbers represent equal parts throughout all drawings, in which:
    Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a well bottom parameter measurement system, which includes a fiber optic sensor;
    Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a monitoring section of the optical fiber sensor in Figure 1;
    Figure 3 illustrates an exemplified temperature profile of a borehole; and
    Figure 4 to a flowchart illustrating an exemplified method of monitoring an apparatus for measuring environmental parameters. Detailed Description
    An apparatus, system and method is provided for monitoring and / or calibrating a fiber optic sensor. The device includes at least one fiber optic sensor, which is configured to be extended along a path in an environment to be measured, such as the inside of a borehole in a terrestrial formation. One or more sections of the fiber optic sensor are configured as monitoring sections, distributed in one or more locations along the way. Each monitoring section is configured so that an entire length of the section is exposed to a substantially homogeneous temperature or other environmental parameter, that is, with a temperature gradient (or other parameter) of approximately zero over the length of the section. Each section can form a roll or other axially condensed configuration, such as a radially turned roller, an axially turned roller or any other configuration, in which at least part of the section extends in one direction with a radial component relative to an axis longitudinal path of the fiber optic sensor. In one embodiment, one or more monitoring sections are arranged, in each case, within a respective housing, which can define a thermally conserved region, which maintains a substantially homogeneous temperature along the length of the monitoring section. In one embodiment, the device, system and method are used to assist in calibrating fiber optic sensors at the bottom of the well, used, for example, in distributed temperature detection (DTS) applications. Other uses include temporary or permanent monitoring of changes in fiber optic sensors, such as attenuation changes.
    With reference to Figure 1, a measurement system at the bottom of the well 10 includes a set of fiber optic sensors. The measurement system 10 can be used in conjunction with various downhole systems and components and includes a fiber optic sensor 12 arranged in a borehole 14 in a terrestrial formation 16. The fiber optic sensor 12 includes a or more optical fibers with at least one core and a coating and, optionally, a wrap or other protective covering. In one embodiment, one or more optical fibers are arranged as one or more cables. The configuration of one or more optical fibers forming the optical fiber sensor is not limited and can be any appropriate configuration for transmitting measurement signals and receiving response signals indicative of an environmental parameter.
    The fiber optic sensor 12 includes one or more calibration / monitoring sections 18, each of which is formed by a selected length of fiber optic sensor 12. Each of the monitoring sections 18 is configured to be kept at a substantially homogeneous temperature or another parameter (eg pressure, axial stress, radial stress and so on), along with the entire length of section 18. For example, each monitoring section 18 is rolled up or otherwise configured, so that the entire length of section 189 is axially condensed and arranged in a region located in the borehole 14 and / or is located at the same or similar depths. In one embodiment, each calibration / monitoring section 18 is received within a housing 20, which can function as a protective housing or facilitate the provision of a region with a substantially zero temperature gradient. In one embodiment, the measurement system is a distributed temperature detection (DTS) system. Although measurement system 10 is described herein as a downhole system, it is not limited to this and can be used to make distributed temperature measurements or other parameter measurements of any desired environment.
    The monitoring sections 18 form a part of the fiber optic sensor 12 that is exposed to substantially the same temperature over the entire length of the monitoring section 18, Therefore, the section is sufficiently stable, that is, temperature changes along the length of each section 18 are small enough so that for the purpose of measuring temperature or other parameters along the fiber optic sensor 12, the temperature values measured over section 18 can be assumed as having approximately the same value.
    In one embodiment, at least part of the monitoring section 18 deviates from the path of the optical fiber sensor 12, that is, it has a directional component that is perpendicular or extends radially in relation to the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber sensor 12 In one embodiment, a substantial length of the fiber optic sensor 12, for example, a length of sensor 12 with a plurality or a minimum number of measurement locations, is arranged as part of monitoring section 18. In one example, a A length of approximately 50-150 meters is provided as part of section 14, although any appropriate lengths can be used, which provide sufficient measurements to confirm that a generally constant temperature is being measured and / or to determine an inclination of the measurements. As described herein, "axial" refers to a direction that is, at least in general, parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the optical fiber sensor path 12. "Radial" refers to a direction along a line that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and extends from the longitudinal axis.
    The fiber optic sensor 12 includes one or more measurement sites, such as Bragg grids or Raleigh fiber dispersion regions, configured to respond to a signal indicative of an environmental parameter, in response to a question mark. Each of the fiber optic sensor 12 and the monitoring section 18 includes at least one measurement location 22. In one embodiment, the fiber optic sensor 12 and / or the monitoring section 18 includes a plurality of measurement locations 22.
    The fiber optic sensor 12 can be positioned with a cord 24 at the bottom of the well, such as a drill cord or production cord, or it can be positioned with a borehole jacket.
    The fiber optic sensor 12 can be positioned at the bottom of the well temporarily, for an extended period of time (for example, during the operational life of a component or during the duration of a production, formation evaluation or other operation at the bottom) well) or permanently, for example, by attaching the sensor to a cord or shirt at the bottom of the well. There may be one or a plurality of monitoring sections 18, for example, a plurality of sections 18 periodically arranged along the fiber optic sensor 12.
    In one embodiment, one or more monitoring sections 18 function as calibration sections using the assumption that each section 18 is exposed to an approximately constant or homogeneous temperature (or another parameter) along the length of monitoring section 14. For For example, one or more independent temperature sensors 26 or other types of sensors are positioned in the environment (for example, borehole 14) next to each monitoring section 18 or another model positioned in a location that is substantially subject to the same parameter to be measured. The parameter measurements generated by the monitoring sections 18 can be compared to the corresponding independent sensor measurements to calibrate the fiber optic sensor 12. The independent sensors 26 can be of any type of sensor, such as a fiber optic sensor and a temperature and / or pressure energy transformer.
    Referring to Figure 2, in one embodiment, a monitoring section 18 of the fiber optic sensor 12 is wound on a roll or otherwise configured to axially condense or reduce the length of section 18 in relation to other sensor lengths fiber optic 12, or otherwise limit the area in which section 18 is located to a region of the environment with a substantially homogeneous temperature or other parameter. In the example shown in Figure 2, section 18 is wound on a roll that is at least partially radially turned, that is, on a plane at least partially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the borehole. The roller can be wrapped around an appropriate structure 28 inside the chamber 16. Other configuration examples include a section 18 which is an axially turned roller and / or extends circumferentially around the longitudinal axis to limit the section 18 to at least substantially the same depth or axial location along the borehole 14. The configurations described herein are exemplified and may be any configurations that limit section 18 to a region with substantially homogeneous temperature or other environmental parameter.
    The housing 20 can be made of any suitable material, such as steel or stainless steel, to withstand downhole temperatures. In one embodiment, frame 20 is configured to thermally conserve a cavity or region within frame 20, which has a temperature at least substantially homogeneous or another parameter. For example, the housing 20 may be made of one or more terribly insulating materials, such as polymer materials, ceramic materials, foams, and / or define an evacuated chamber to facilitate thermal insulation. In one embodiment, housing 20 includes an isothermal oven or another type of isothermal chamber.
    The housing 20 and / or the monitoring section (s) can be attached to, joined with or with another arranged with the fiber optic sensor 12 and / or other components arranged in the borehole 14 or other environment. For example, housing 20 and / or monitoring section 18 is attached or integrated with a support of a bead or pipe section at the bottom of the well 24. In this example, housing 20 can be formed to match the curvature of the pipe section to minimize the section footprint inside the borehole.
    Referring again to Figure 1, system 10 includes one or more processing units, such as a surface processing unit 30 or a DTS unit 32. The DTS unit can be any device suitable for transmitting interrogation signals to the fiber optic sensor, receiving response signals and / or processing the response signals. The DTS unit 32 includes, for example, at least one radiation source 34, such as a pulsed laser to send electromagnetic interrogation signals to the fiber optic sensor 12, a response signal sensor 36 to receive response signals dependent on temperature (or other parameter) of the fiber optic sensor 12 and a processor 38 configured to receive response signal data and calculate the corresponding temperature or other parameter. The processing units, radiation sources and sensors described herein are not limited to surface locations and can be positioned at various locations at the bottom of the well or other locations close to or away from the fiber optic sensor 12 and / or monitoring sections 18.
    The measuring system 10 is not limited to what is described herein. The measuring system 10 or fiber optic sensor 12 can be positioned and / or arranged in the borehole 14 by any suitable support. A "support", as described herein, means any device, device component, combination of devices, means and / or members, which may be used to transport, house, support or otherwise facilitate the use of another device, device component, combination of devices, means and / or members. Exemplary, non-restrictive supports include borehole strands of the coiled pipe type, the joined pipe type and any combination or part thereof. Other examples of support include casing tubes, cabling systems, cabling system probes, single filament wire probes, drop shots, downhole submersibles, bottom hole assemblies and drill strings.
    Figure 3 illustrates an example of a temperature profile 40 generated by the fiber optic sensor 12. Temperature profile 40 shows the calculated temperature values of response signals received from various locations along the fiber optic sensor 12, at a certain time or over a certain period of time. These response signals can be generated, for example, by Bragg grids or Rayleigh fiber dispersions. As shown in Figure 3, the temperature profile includes at least substantially constant temperature regions 42, which correspond to the lengths and temperatures of the monitoring sections 18.
    It should be noted that the regions of substantially constant temperature may not correspond to the depth, but correspond to the length of each section 18. Therefore, measurement data generated by the fiber optic sensor 12 can be compensated to reflect the effective depth represented by sections 18 and by the fiber optic sensor 12.
    Figure 8 illustrates a method 50 of monitoring an environmental parameter meter, such as the fiber optic sensor 12. Method 50 includes one or more stages 51-54. In one embodiment, method 50 includes performing all stages 51--54 in the order described. However, certain stages can be omitted, stages can be added or the order of stages can be changed.
    In the first stage 51, a fiber optic sensor 12, such as a DTS sensor, is arranged in an environment to be measured. For example, the fiber optic sensor 12 is positioned at the bottom of the well in a borehole 14 of a terrestrial formation, so that the fiber optic sensor 12 defines a path that extends, in general, along the borehole. poll 14. In positioning, one or more calibration / monitoring sections 18 are positioned. In one embodiment, a plurality of monitoring sections 18 is located along a length of the fiber optic sensor 12. Positioning can be carried out, for example, by lowering the fiber together with a cabling system, perforation cord (for example , during drilling and / or registration during drilling operation, production line or any other support). In one embodiment, the fiber optic sensor 12 and sections 18 are positioned permanently or for an extended period of time, for example, the fiber optic sensor 12 and / or sections 18 being placed in a borehole cord 24, coating or other component.
    In the second stage 52, a measurement signal, such as light with one or more selected wavelengths, is generated and transmitted to the fiber optic sensor 12, for example, through the DTS unit 32. The fiber optic sensor 12 and / or the measurement locations 22 reflect a portion of the measurement signal as a response signal, which is indicative of temperature or other parameter. The response signal is received by the DTS unit, surface processing unit 30 or another appropriate user or processor.
    In the third stage 53, the response signal for each measurement location 22 is received and a parameter is evaluated. For example, the spectral shift of a response signal from a measurement location 22 at the fiber optic sensor 12 is used to evaluate the temperature of the fiber optic sensor 12 at the corresponding location and / or depth. In addition, other parameters, such as tensile strength, tension and pressure can also be determined from the return signals. In one embodiment, the temperatures evaluated are correlated with depths and / or locations along the fiber optic sensor 12, for example, as shown in the temperature profile 40 in Figure 3.
    In the fourth stage 54, the parameters evaluated along the fiber optic sensor are analyzed to monitor the performance of the fiber optic sensor 12. In one mode, monitoring includes calibrating the fiber optic sensor 12, comparing the temperature values evaluated in at least at least one monitoring section 18 with temperature values taken from a corresponding independent sensor (s) 26. Independent temperature measurements are taken from sensors 26 located next to the corresponding monitoring sections 18 ( for example, at the same or similar depths or locations along the borehole 14). The fiber optic sensor 12 can be calibrated on or before the start of the operation and calibration adjustments can also be made over time.
    In one embodiment, monitoring includes monitoring the temperature values assessed in at least one monitoring section 18 to determine whether there is any temperature gradient or whether it develops over time and / or monitoring any changes in the evaluated temperature values. This monitoring can be used to track any attenuation changes in the optical fiber. For example, temperature values that include attenuation and slope (for example, as seen in Figure 3) from the isolated section are monitored over time and analyzed to study any attenuation changes and other performance effects, such as effects due to hydrogen (for example, hydrogen browning), moisture, microcurves, macrocurves and others. A change in the assessed temperature and / or a slope (for example, a temperature line, such as region 42, which is not at least substantially vertical) in the data generated for a monitoring section 18 may indicate attenuation or other effects of degradation of the optical fiber sensor.
    The apparatus and methods described herein offer several advantages over existing methods and devices. For example, the system allows a user and / or processor to easily calibrate or recalibrate fiber optic sensors, while they are arranged at the bottom of the well or positioned in an environment to be measured, as well as to monitor the performance and condition of the fiber sensors optics.
    In connection with the teachings at present, various analyzes and / or analytical components can be used, including digital and / or analog systems. The device may have components such as a processor, storage media, memory, input, output, communication link (wired, wireless, pulsed mud, optical or others), user interfaces, software programs, signal processors ( digital or analog) and other such components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and others), to enable the operation and analysis of the apparatus and methods described herein in any of the various ways well known in the art. It is considered that these teachings can, but need not, be executed together with a set of executable instructions by computer, stored in a computer readable medium, including memory (ROMs, RAMs), optical (CD-ROMs or magnetic (disks, hard drives), or any other type that, when executed, cause a computer to execute the method of the present invention. These instructions can provide the equipment operation, control, data collection and analysis and other functions considered relevant by a designer, owner, user or other system personnel, in addition to the functions described in this specification.
    Although the invention has been described with reference to examples of modalities, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be replaced by elements of the same, without departing from the object of the invention. In addition, many modifications can be considered by those skilled in the art, to adapt a specific instrument, situation or material to the teachings of the invention, without departing from its essential object. Therefore, it is intended that the invention is not limited to the specific modality described as the best way contemplated to carry out that invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    1. Apparatus for measuring environmental parameters, characterized by comprising: a carrier configured to be arranged in a borehole (14) in a terrestrial formation (16); an optical fiber sensor (12) disposed in the carrier, the optical fiber sensor (12) including an optical fiber that has a length configured to be arranged along a path in an environment to be measured and that includes at least one location measuring device arranged inside, where the optical fiber path defines a longitudinal axis; and at least one section of the optical fiber sensor (12) including a portion of the length of the optical fiber, having a plurality of measurement locations (18) that extend along the portion and configured to provide measurements of environmental parameters, the plurality measuring locations (18) of the length portion arranged at substantially the same location on the longitudinal axis to maintain the plurality of measuring locations (18) in at least one substantially homogeneous environmental parameter; and a processor (30) configured to receive measurements of environmental parameters from the plurality of measurement locations (18) and to calibrate the fiber optic sensor (12) based on measurements of environmental parameters.
    [0002]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the environmental parameter includes temperature.
    [0003]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the length includes a coiled length of the optical fiber sensor (12).
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the curled length defines a plane selected from at least substantially parallel and at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
    [0005]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the length portion is arranged in a housing (20) that forms a thermally conserved region, with a substantially homogeneous temperature inside.
    [0006]
    Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the housing (20) is made of at least one thermally insulating material and an isothermal material.
    [0007]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one section includes a plurality of sections arranged axially along the path.
    [0008]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the fiber optic sensor (12) is a distributed temperature sensor (DTS) device.
    [0009]
    9. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the environment is a rock bottom environment and the longitudinal axis corresponds to a borehole axis (14).
    [0010]
    10. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the processor (30) is configured to calibrate the optical fiber sensor (12) when the optical fiber sensor (12) is arranged in the borehole (14) .
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the measurement sites (18) are selected from at least one of Bragg grids and Rayleigh dispersion sites.
    [0012]
    12. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it also comprises an independent environmental parameter sensor located close to at least one section.
    [0013]
    13. Method of monitoring an apparatus for measuring environmental parameters, characterized by comprising: having an optical fiber sensor (12) along a path in an environment to be measured, in which the optical fiber sensor (12) includes an optical fiber that has a length arranged along a path that defines a longitudinal axis and that includes at least one measurement location disposed therein, the optical fiber sensor (12) including at least one section that includes a portion of the length of the optical fiber having a plurality of measurement locations (18) arranged along the portion, the plurality of measurement locations (18) of the length portion arranged substantially at the same location on the longitudinal axis to maintain the plurality of measurement locations (18 ) in at least one substantially homogeneous environmental parameter; transmit an electromagnetic measurement signal to the fiber optic sensor (12) and receive feedback signals from at least one measurement location arranged in an axial length of the optical fiber and the plurality of measurement locations (18) arranged in the portion of the length; estimate the environmental parameter at each measurement site and generate a profile, the profile includes at least a part of the profile that corresponds to the length portion; and calibrating the fiber optic sensor (12) based on at least a profile portion.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the environmental parameter includes temperature.
    [0015]
    Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the portion of the length includes a coiled length of the optical fiber.
    [0016]
    16. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that a part of the length is arranged in a carcass (20) which is made of a material capable of withstanding a rock bottom environment.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the housing (20) forms a thermally conserved region with a substantially constant temperature inside.
    [0018]
    18. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that calibrating the fiber optic sensor (12) includes comparing at least one part of the profile with an independent environmental parameter measurement taken at a location close to at least one section .
    [0019]
    19. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that calibrating includes monitoring environmental effects on the fiber optic sensor (12) by analyzing changes in at least one part of the profile.
    [0020]
    20. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the environment is a well-bottom environment and the longitudinal axis corresponds to a borehole axis (14).
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-14| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/11/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/962,786|US8740455B2|2010-12-08|2010-12-08|System and method for distributed environmental parameter measurement|
    US12/962,786|2010-12-08|
    PCT/US2011/059765|WO2012078287A1|2010-12-08|2011-11-08|System and method for distributed environmental parameter measurement|
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