• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    drilling rig. the present invention relates to one aspect, a drilling rig is provided, wherein the rig includes a drill string (120) to be arranged in a well. the drill column (120) includes a tubular (122), a well assembly (190) coupled to the tubular (122) and a drill bit (150) disposed at one end of the well assembly (190). in addition, the apparatus includes a strain gauge deposited directly on the drill string (120). .
    公开号:BR112013011182B1
    申请号:R112013011182-8
    申请日:2011-11-08
    公开日:2020-08-04
    发明作者:Sumil Kumar
    申请人:Baker Hughes Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Cross Reference to Related Orders
    [0001] This order has priority over Provisional Order No. 61/411, 025, filed on November 8, 2010, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Background 1. Description field
    [0002] This invention relates in general to drilling systems that include sensors to provide measurements related to a parameter of interest, and, more specifically, to sensors located in a drilling column. 2. Background to the Related Art
    [0003] Oil wells or wells are usually drilled with a drill string, which includes a tubular element having a drill set (also referred to as the downhole set or "BHA"), with a drill bit. perforation fixed to the lower end of it. The drill bit is rotated to disintegrate the earth formation, to form the well. The drilling column and the BHA include devices and sensors to provide information on a variety of parameters related to drilling operations (drilling parameters), BHA behavior (BHA parameters) and formation around the well being drilled ( training parameters). Drilling parameters include weight on drill ("WOB"), rotation speed (revolutions per minute or "RPM") of the drill bit and BHA, penetration rate ("RP") of the drill bit for forming, and flow rate of the drilling fluid through the drill string. BHA parameters typically include torque, recoil, vibrations, bending moments and sliding by stick. Formation parameters include various formation characteristics, such as resistivity, porosity and permeability, etc.
    [0004] The sensors to determine the force and torque are located in bottom holes of the drilling column, BHA, tools or other parts of the drilling system. The sensors are attached by an adhesive to a tool or to a mechanical element screwed into the tool, in the desired location. The adhesive can break over time as the tool is exposed to high temperatures and downhole pressures. This can cause increased repair and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention
    [0005] In one aspect, a drilling rig is provided, wherein the rig includes a drill string to be arranged in a well.
    [0006] The drilling column includes a tubular, a well assembly coupled to the tubular and a drill bit disposed at one end of the well assembly. In addition, the device includes a strain gauge deposited directly on the drill string.
    [0007] In another aspect, a drilling rig is provided, the rig includes a drill string to be arranged in a well. The apparatus also includes a tension meter deposited directly on the drilling column, the tension meter, including a sensor layer on an electrically insulating layer, the electrically insulating layer being deposited directly on a metallic substrate of the drilling column.
    [0008] Examples of certain characteristics of the apparatus and a method for assessing the quality of the data that have been summarized extensively so that the detailed description of it that follows can be better understood. There are, of course, additional features of the apparatus and method described below, which will form the subject of the claims made in accordance with this invention. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0009] The illustrative modalities, and their advantages, will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description and the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows an elevation view of a modality of a drilling system, in which the system drilling includes sensors; Figure 2 is an elevation view of a downhole tool modality, which includes a sensor assembly, and Figure 3 is a detailed cross-sectional side view of a sensor set modality. Detailed Description
    [0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary drilling system 100. The drilling system 100 includes a drilling column 120 that includes a drilling set or a downhole assembly ("BHA") 190 conducted in a well or well bottom 126. The drilling system 100 includes a conventional tower 111 mounted on a platform or floor 112, which supports a rotary table 114 which is rotated by a main motor, such as an electric motor (not shown), at a desired rotation speed. A pipeline (such as articulated drill pipes) 122, having drill set 190 attached to its lower end extends from the surface to the bottom 151 of well 126. Drill bit 150, attached to drill set 190 , disintegrates from geological formations when rotated to drill well 126. Drill column 120 is coupled to a winch 130 through a Kelly joint 121, pivot 128 and a line 129 through a pulley. Winch 130 is operated to control the bit weight ("WOB"). The drill column 120 can be rotated by an upper unit (not shown) instead of the primary motor and the rotary table 114. The operation of the winch 130 is known in the art and is therefore not described in detail here.
    [0011] In one aspect, an appropriate drilling fluid 131 (also referred to as "mud") from a source 132, such as, for example, a mud tank, is distributed under pressure through the drill column 120 over a mud pump 134. The drilling fluid 131 passes through the mud pump 134 to the drilling column 120 through a desiccator 136 and the fluid line 138. The drilling fluid 131 from the discharges of the drilling tubular part bottom of the well 151 through the openings in the drill bit 150. The drilling fluid that returns 131 circulates up the well through the annular space 127 between the drill column 120 and the well 126 and returns to the mud tank 132, through a return line 135 and pierces the cut screen 185, which removes the piercing cuts 186 from the returning drilling fluid 131b. A Si sensor in line 138 provides information on the fluid flow rate. The surface torque sensor S2 and a sensor S3 associated with drill column 120 provide information about the torque and rotation speed of drill column 120. The penetration rate of drill column 120 is determined from the sensor S5 , while the Se sensor provides the hook load of drill column 120.
    [0012] In some applications, drill bit 150 is rotated by rotation of drill pipe 122. However, in other applications, a downhole motor 155 (mud motor) disposed in drilling set 190 also rotates drill bit 150. In the modalities, the rotation speed of the drill column 120 is fed by both the surface equipment and the downhole engine 155. The penetration rate ("ROP") for a given drill bit and BHA depends a lot on WOB or the thrust force on the drill bit 150 and its speed of rotation.
    [0013] With continued reference to Figure 1, a surface control unit or controller 140 receives the signals from the sensors and downhole devices through a sensor 143 placed in the fluid line 138 and the signals coming from the sensors Si a SÕ and other sensors used in system 100 and processes according to the programmed instructions provided from a program for surface control unit 140. Surface control unit 140 displays desired drilling parameters and other information on a display / monitor 142, which is used by an operator to control drilling operations. Surface control unit 140 is a computer-based unit that includes a processor 142 (such as a microprocessor), a storage device 144, such as a memory, tape or solid state hard drive, and one or more software programs. computer 146 on storage device 144, which are accessible to processor 142 for executing instructions contained in such programs. The surface control unit 140 additionally communicates with at least one remote control unit 148 located at the other location on the surface.
    [0014] Surface control unit 140 processes data related to drilling operations, data from sensors and devices on the surface, data received from the bottom of the well and can control one or more bottom operations and surface devices.
    [0015] Drilling set 190 also contains sensors or formation assessment devices (also known as measurement sensors during drilling, "MWD", or recording during drilling, "LWD") that determine resistivity, density, polosity, permeability, acoustic properties, nuclear magnetic resonance properties, corrosive properties of fluids or bottom formation, salt or saline content and other selected properties of formation 195 around drilling set 190. Such sensors they are generally known in the art and for convenience are generally indicated here by the number 165. The drill string 120 includes sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 (also referred to as "sensor sets") positioned at various locations on the downhole. Sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 are sensors suitable for determining downhole parameters, such as torque, weight on drill, pressure, stress, shock, vibration stress or other downhole parameter. The exemplary sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 include strain gauges, which are deposited directly on the drill string 120. As a result, sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 exhibit greater precision and durability when placed directly on a body of a portion of the drill string 120, or tool.
    [0016] With continued reference to Figure 1, in the modalities, sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 are directly deposited using a suitable method, such as sputter deposition (also called plasma deposition), laser machining, deposition vapor chemistry or lithographic patterning of deposited layers. Such exemplary deposition processes directly from the sensors do not use adhesives to fix or attach the sensors in place, thus improving the durability of the downhole sensor. By directly depositing sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 on drilling column 120, the sensor assembly and calibration processes are simplified. For example, sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 are strain gauges that are calibrated after being directly deposited on drill column 120. In addition, there are no additional components or elements that must be coupled, adhered / glued or assembled to install sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 in drill column 120. Thus, there are fewer components to account for during calibration. In addition, during repair and maintenance of drilling column 120, sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 are not recalibrated after being pulled out of well 126. For example, other types of downhole sensors are glued on a cantilever or other mechanical structure of the tool to measure a parameter, such as stress. The sensors are recalibrated whenever the tool is removed from the cavity. Recalibration occurs to explain a break in the adhesive over time, which can alter a sensor's readings. Thus, the recalibration step adds time and cost to the repair and maintenance process. Thus, by directly mounting sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 on drilling column 120, repair and maintenance can reduce or eliminate the recalibration of the sensors. In addition, by direct deposition of sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 of drilling column 120, sensors 158, 159, 160 and 162 are able to withstand high temperatures and pressure environments at the bottom of the well. As shown in Figure 1, sensor 158 is positioned on BHA 190, sensor 159 is positioned on drilling bit 150, sensor 160 is positioned on mud motor 155 and sensor 162 is positioned on a tubular column 120 .
    [0017] Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a downhole tool 200, which includes sensor sets 202 and 204. Exemplary sensor sets 202 and 204 are directly deposited on a body 206 of tool 200 , using an appropriate method, such as those described above. For example, sensor assembly 202 includes an electrode 208 (also referred to as a "thin film electrode") deposited by a sputtering process on a recess 210 of body 206. Sensor assembly 202 includes a cover piece 212, wherein the cap part 212 is of a suitable material and shape to protect electrodes 208 from downhole conditions. A part of the exemplary cap 212 comprises a metal or metal alloy, such as stainless steel, and protects electrode 208 from damage. The sensor assembly 204 includes an electrode 214 positioned on an insulating layer 216, where the insulating layer 216 is positioned on the body 206. The insulating layer 216 is any suitable electrically insulating and thermally compatible layer for placement in or included as part of tool 200. Insulation layer 216 improves the performance of sensor assembly 204 by insulating electrode 214. Examples of materials included in insulation layer 216 include metal oxide, silicon oxide, diamond-like coating, a layer ceramic or polymer. In one embodiment, the insulation layer 216 comprises AI2O3. In another embodiment, the insulating layer 216 is created by a chemical modification of the surface of the body 206, such as by oxidizing the aluminum to form the AI2O3 or nitriding a titanium layer or surface. Electrode 214 and insulation layer 216 are deposited on body 206 by any suitable process, including those discussed above, with reference to Figure 1.
    [0018] In an exemplary embodiment of sensor assembly 204, the insulation layer 216 is deposited by sputtering on the body 206 and then the sensor or electrode 214 is deposited by sputtering on the insulation layer 216. The methods examples for the deposition or formation of the insulation layer 216 include: (i) sputtering, (ii) evaporation, (iii) sol-gel spinning, (iv) spray coating, (v), screen printing and curing , (vi), ink printing and curing, (vii) chemical vapor deposition, and (viii) oxidation. In yet another embodiment, the insulation layer 216 is a body part 206. As illustrated, a controller 218 is configured to transmit signals and energy to and from sensor assemblies 202 and 204. For example, controller 218 supplies current excitation signals for voltage meters in sets 202 and 204. In addition, controller 218 processes and stores the received signals corresponding to certain parameters, such as voltage meter measurements. The exemplary sensor assembly 220 is directly deposited on an element 222 which is coupled to a structure that extends from the body 206. In one embodiment, the sensor assembly 220 is located on element 222, which is positioned in the recess 224. Element 222 is a suitable resistant material, such as stainless steel or an alloy, which is coupled to body 206 by means of a fastener, solder, adhesive or other suitable coupling mechanism. In addition, element 222 can be referred to as an amplification structure, in which the structure is suitably shaped to amplify parameters detected by sensor assembly 222, such as voltage or torque. Element 222 can be considered a removable part of body 206. In one embodiment, element 222 is manufactured from a portion of body 206. Electrode 226 and insulation layer 228 are deposited on element 222 by any suitable method, such as those discussed above. In an exemplary embodiment of the sensor assembly 220, the insulation layer 228 is deposited by sputtering on element 222 and the electrode 226 is deposited by sputtering on the insulation layer 228.
    [0019] Figure 3 is a detailed cross-sectional side view of sensor assembly 204. Sensor assembly 204 includes electrodes 214, insulation layer 216 and protective layer 300. Protection layer 300 is configured to protect the electrode 214 from the well bottom environment. The protective layer 300 can be of any rigid non-electrically conductive and suitably durable protective material. For example, protective layer 300 includes CH4 or diamond-like coating deposited by chemical vapor deposition on sensor 214. Electrode 214 is formed directly by depositing voltage-sensitive materials such as NiCr or CuNi directly on insulation layer 215. The Stress sensitive materials include, but are not limited to, piezoresistive materials, piezoelectric materials, and magnetostrictive materials. Exemplary strain-sensitive materials that achieve the desired stress, strength and compensation factors can also include a nickel containing carbon films such as diamond and AG-ITO compounds. The protective layer 300 is configured to resist abrasion and the downhole environment, thus improving durability and reducing the maintenance of the sensor assembly 204. As shown, the body 206 is a metallic substrate on which the sensor assembly 204 is directly deposited.
    [0020] Exemplary processes for directly depositing exemplary sensors and sensor assemblies on a drilling column, as shown in figures 1 to 3, may include the following steps. A sensor or sensor assembly can be formed by laser machining the thin film electrode on the insulation layer. Various types of laser can be used to engrave the metal, the insulation surface on the substrate, the electrode material and the protective layer. An exemplary laser is a demand laser. In the example, the layers are deposited and then abraded or engraved using a laser. In another process, the lithographic standardization of a deposited layer is used. This is achieved by first depositing the layer and patterning it using a photoresist and a mask. The photoresist is rotated on top of the layer, and then the surface containing the layer and the photoresist is placed under a mask (for example, made of standardized chrome on the glass) and exposed with ultraviolet (UV) light. The pattern from the mask is transferred to photoresist after adequate development of the photoresist material. The photoresist left on the layer is then used to mask the areas from a recording that can be liquid, gaseous or plasma-based. After the recording action is completed, the layer of photoresist material is removed to expose the standardized deposited layer. The patterned deposited layer formed can include the thin film sensor or electrode and the insulation layer.
    [0021] In yet another example of forming the sensor assembly, the process includes plasma deposition or sputtering. One or more layers of the sensor, including the thin-film electrode, the insulation layer and the protective layer, is deposited on the body or layer, placing the layer in a chamber where a plasma by radio frequency waves (RF) is created or direct current (DC) discharged between the electrodes in a gaseous environment from which the required materials are deposited on the substrate in solid form. In another example, the sensor set is deposited by means of evaporation, in which a layer is deposited by heating the material to be deposited in a vacuum environment, which then deposits on the layer or substrate. The layer can be patterned by engraving or through a process such as peeling. In another embodiment, the sensor or the sensor layer is formed by evaporation or shadow masking. In one embodiment, the sensor can be applied to the body surface by silkscreening or printing the sensor ink on the surface and then curing the sensor. In addition, any of the techniques can be used in combination to form the sensor.
    [0022] In modalities, a groove can be formed in the body, in which a tension-sensitive structure is then formed in the groove itself. In one embodiment, the sensor that includes a piezoelectric material is incorporated into the surface, a cantilever, in a cavity or groove in the tool body to allow measurement along several axes of the body. For example, piezoelectric material can be incorporated into a cavity in the tool body and configured to allow measurement of stress along the various axes of the body, where measurements are used to control health (that is, an indication of life) or remaining wear) of the tool.
    [0023] While certain modalities have been shown and described, several modifications and substitutions can be made at the same time without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not by limitation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    1. Drilling apparatus characterized by comprising: a drilling column (120) to be arranged in a well, the drilling column (120) comprising: a tubular (122); a well assembly (190) coupled to the tubular (122); a drill bit (150) arranged at one end of the well assembly (190); and a sensor assembly on the drill string (120), the sensor assembly including an insulating layer on the tubular and a spray layer of tension-sensitive material deposited on the insulating layer; wherein a pattern is etched onto the tension-sensitive material after deposition to form a strain gauge.
    [0002]
    2. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sensor assembly still comprises a protective layer positioned on the tension meter.
    [0003]
    3. Drilling apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the protective layer comprises one selected from the group of a protective coating and a cover piece.
    [0004]
    4. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the insulating layer is formed directly on a metallic substrate of the drilling column (120).
    [0005]
    5. Drilling apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the metallic substrate comprises one selected from the group consisting of: a tubular body (122), a drill body and a body of the set of well (190).
    [0006]
    6. Drilling apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that a groove is formed in the metallic substrate and the sensor assembly is formed in the groove.
    [0007]
    7. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the tension sensitive material comprises a thin film electrode.
    [0008]
    8. Drilling apparatus, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the thin film electrode is etched on the electrically insulating layer by one selected from the group consisting of: laser machining and lithographic standardization.
    [0009]
    9. Drilling apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the thin film electrode comprises a voltage sensitive material and the electrically insulating layer comprises one selected from the group consisting of metal oxide, silicon oxide, coating type diamond, ceramic and a polymer.
    [0010]
    10. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the strain gauge comprises one of a piezoelectric material fitted in a cavity formed in the drilling column (120)
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-08-04| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/11/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US41102510P| true| 2010-11-08|2010-11-08|
    US61411025|2010-11-08|
    PCT/US2011/059763|WO2012064728A2|2010-11-08|2011-11-08|Sensor on a drilling apparatus|
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