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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD FOR USING TRACTOR RETURN FLOW TO ESTIMATE INFLUX VOLUMES OF FLUIDS FROM DIFFERENT INFLUX ZONES The invention relates to a method for estimating an influx profile (qi) for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) to an oil well (1) with inflow locations (3, 31, 32, 33) to a production stream (F), which comprises: - arranging tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) with tracer materials (4m, 41m, 43m) at known levels of the well, at least downstream and exposed to fluids within said inflow zones (3, 31, 32, 33), - each said tracer source (4, 41, 42, 43) having a uniform release rate (qt41, qt42, qt43...) for said well fluid, - induce a transient in the production rate (q) of the entire production stream (30) by turning off a valve on the surface, changing local exposure times from tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) to fluid, - collect samples (c), downstream at sampling times (t1, t2,... .) known, - analyze said samples (c N, c N+1, ...) for concentration (4c) and type of tracer material (4m) for said possible sources (4), - based on said concentrations (4c) and their sampling sequence and well geometry, calculate the volumes of (...).
    公开号:BR112013010529B1
    申请号:R112013010529-1
    申请日:2011-10-31
    公开日:2021-05-11
    发明作者:Fridtjof Nyhavn
    申请人:Resman As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The invention is in the field of reservoir monitoring by estimating downhole inflow profiles by exploiting tracer flow return transients in oil and gas wells. Information can be extracted at the start of tracer transients (a few samples) or a full transition from one to the next tracer level (several samples over a longer period of time).
    [002] More specifically, the invention refers to any of the following situations: Uniform Tracer Release Rate
    [003] The situation of tracer concentration transients that occur during changes in the well production rate, when there is a relatively constant downhole tracer release rate. Any flow rate change in such a situation will create changes in the downhole concentration of tracers and markers that are released at relatively constant rates over time. This will also be the case for a situation where the tracer is released at constant release rates over a longer period of time than the time constant characteristic of a change in flow. An example of this characteristic are sources that release tracers by diffusion from a solid, such as from a polymer disposed in contact with fluids in an inflow zone for a well. Another example is an object that releases the tracer through a constraint, for example, to a void outside the production tube on completion. Applicant's diffusion tracer release carriers have this characteristic, that after a possible initial jet of tracers, they will more or less have a long period of approximately constant tracer release. Other tracer sources such as shutters, seals, cement, etc. they may not release single tracers and their position within the well may be uncertain, as is the case for distributed cement. This constant diffusion rate of tracer may prove advantageous if the different inflow zones have generally equal inflow pressures or equilibrium pressures. So it is feasible to create the "shots" illustrated in figures 1.2 and 1.3 by closing the well because no or very little cross-flow between zones can arise. Tracer Release Transients
    [004] Another situation is one where a downhole tracer release rate changes while the downhole flow rate is relatively constant over time. Mechanical tracer release chambers may be the source for this. If several chambers release synchronously within a well the situation can be good as a basis for extracting the downhole inflow profile. A special case is described below although it is covered by one of the above points:
    [005] Downhole tracer concentration shots according to an embodiment of the invention are made from defined positions at completion along the wellbore by closing or significantly reducing the flow surfaces, thus allowing a local accumulation of concentration of plotter near each plotter carrier. Sampling is conducted on the surface, and the change in tracer concentration and the corresponding time of its arrival as peaks are recorded. In one embodiment this method is based on tracer "shots", that is, the tracers creating small volumes of equally high tracer concentration within the local fluid. In one embodiment this is achieved using the release of the tracer from a polymer disposed within the actual inflow zone. The oil produced is sampled on the surface and analyzed for variations in concentration and changes in times between peaks. If there is a high inflow of wellbore fluid between two tracer locations, two effects will appear: First, the peak between the two tracer shots will be longer than predicted for an inflow that is uniform throughout the completion . Second, the tracer shot that releases the tracer material being upstream of the high influx zone will pass through the high influx zone on its way to the surface sampling site, so this concentration will be diluted compared to the tracer trigger material being released downstream.
    [006] Tracer transients formed by closing or otherwise changes in flux will propagate to the surface as projectiles or concentration shots. Tracer transients are triggered by the velocity field within the well. Surface arrivals from the start of different tracers, or the total transient from different tracers, can be used to estimate the downhole velocity field. From the velocity field the inflow profile can be calculated.
    [007] In the present invention one can use tracer carriers that release the tracer material by diffusion within wells and thus meeting the requirements of having a tracer release that will have almost constant release rates over time or at rates with a constant release rate over a period significantly longer than the characteristic time of a change to be detected within the well. TECHNIQUES GENERAL BACKGROUND
    [008] Prior art tracer systems, other than applicant's system, have shorter active release periods and have a release based on erosion or dissolution of the tracer chemicals. This requires a fundamentally different approach during interpretation than for the present invention as the release of such prior art systems is more directly linked to production rates. Longevity in wells may in such cases generally not be predicted as the tracer will be used more according to the cumulative production volume rather than being released at a constant rate over time.
    [009] In an embodiment of the invention, it is suggested to have a network of mechanical cameras that are placed along the production zone and will give a tracer trigger by location in data points synchronized in time. The tracer shots that are created will travel to the surface with the fluids produced. Flow profiles can be estimated from concentration measurements of different tracer materials conducted on the surface or elsewhere downstream. BRIEF DEFINITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    [010] The invention is a method to explore the well tracer transients in production. This can involve all or part of the release value chain, downhole tracer sampling and analysis, and finally extracting the necessary information from tracer transients.
    [011] The invention defined in claim 1 is a method for estimating an inflow profile qi for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) for an oil well in production 1 with two or more inflow zones or inflow locations 3, 31, 32, 33 for a production flow F, which comprises the following steps: - arrange new or existing tracer sources selected 4, 41, 42, 43 with different tracer materials 4m, 41m, 42m , 43m at known levels of the well, at least one of said tracer sources disposed downstream and exposed to fluids within at least one of said inflow zones 3, 31, 32, 33, - each said tracer source 4, 41 , 42, 43 having a uniform release rate qt41, qt42, qt43 ... for said well fluid, - induce a transient in the production rate q of the entire production stream 30, preferably closed by a valve on the surface, or for at least one of said inflow zones 3, thereby changing the exp times location of tracer sources 4 for the fluid, - collect samples c, downstream at known sampling times t, - analyze said samples c for concentration 4c and type of tracer material 4m of said possible sources 4 , 41, 42, 43, - based on said concentrations 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c and their sampling sequence and well geometry, calculate said inflow volumes qi from transient flow models, - use the volumes of qi inflow calculated as parameters to control the production flow or to characterize the reservoir.
    [012] If a series of samples is taken during a time or cumulative production long enough for the set shutdown shots to have been washed out and produced to the surface, it can be assured that a base level of concentration associated with the flux of steady state has been reached, please see the term direct tracer flow in figure 9.
    [013] In one embodiment of the invention, the following steps can be used to establish a steady-state well flow tracer concentration level by sampling and analysis before shutdown: - Collect samples c of said production flow Downstream from said inflow locations, at known sampling times or cumulative flow volumes before shutdown, - analyze said samples for concentration and type of tracer material from said possible sources.
    [014] The method can also be defined as a system for estimating an inflow profile qi for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) for an oil well in production 1 with two or more inflow zones or inflow locations 3, 31, 32, 33 for a production stream F, comprising: - tracer sources 4, 41, 42, 43 with separate tracer materials 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m arranged at known well levels , at least one of said tracer sources disposed downstream and exposed to fluids within at least one of said inflow zones 3, 31, 32, 33, - each said tracer source 4, 41, 42, 43 having a rate of uniform release qt41, qt42, qt43 ... for said well fluid, - a valve disposed within said production stream 30 to induce a transient in the production rate (q of the production stream 30, thereby changing the local exposure times of tracer sources 4 to the fluid, - a sampling device to collect the samples stras c, downstream at known sampling times t, - a tracer analyzer for said samples c to analyze the concentration 4c and the type of tracer material 4m from said possible sources 4, 41, 42, 43, - an algorithm with a transient flow model to calculate, based on said 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c concentrations and their sampling sequence and well geometry, said qi inflow volumes, - said qi inflow volumes calculated for be used as parameters to control the production flow or to characterize the reservoir. BRIEF FIGURE LEGENDS
    [015] Figure 1 shows a series of diagrams to visualize how tracer concentrations change as they are transported through the reservoir interval. Downstream piping system and surface equipment are not illustrated.
    [016] In Figure 1 nine frames are shown, Figures 1-1 through 1-9 that illustrate the technique. Each frame is a time step and describes how tracer shots move after they accumulate as a result of a well surface closure or a significant reduction in well flow. The diagrams represent a horizontal well, shown here with four release tracers per unit of time generally constant, installed in four positions identified A, B, C, D. For simplicity in this example the distances between each subsequent tracer position along the hole of well are the same. In a real case there may be many more different tracers installed within a well at a corresponding number of locations. Tracer array devices are exposed to well fluids either from the outside of the whole or inside depending on the transport system. Tracers are released into the fluids at a uniform rate over time. When well flow is turned off, tracers are concentrated above locally as illustrated in figure 1-2. Fluids immediately surrounding the tracer develop a high concentration of tracer. Such volumes are referred to as a "tracer shot" and typically start as equal volumes.
    [017] In Figure 1-3 the well flow is opened on the surface, and the inflow has started and each vertical arrow in this example represents a given flow, for example 1000 bopd (barrels of oil per day).
    [018] As seen, the inflow of the zone between the C and D tracers is three times higher than the inflow between the A and B zones.
    [019] When the tracer projectiles begin to move with the well fluids as seen in figure 1-5 these variations in inflow between the zones will affect the fluid volume between each tracer projectile and the concentration of each projectile as these pass through the zones.
    [020] The volume and with it the time difference between the arrival of projectiles C and D will be longer than between A and B due to the fact that there will be three times more wellbore fluid entering between the tracer projectiles C and D. This is visually represented in figures 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, and 1-9. Also the concentration of tracer projectile D will become more diluted and dispersed as a result of this higher influx, this is also shown in figures 1-6 to 1-9.
    [021] Figure 2 is an idealized illustration of the concentration of identified tracers sampled on the surface, with time the cumulative production volume (since flow release) as the abscissa.
    [022] Figure 3 is an illustration of a proposal to match the unknown downhole inflow rates into downhole production zones with the modeled inflow rates. Model influx rates are adjusted until the calculated concentrations of model tracers compare well with the measured concentrations of identified tracers.
    [023] Figure 4 shows different configurations for the downhole completions and how the tracer systems are placed within these, please see the red rods.
    [024] Figure 5a is a simplified section through an oil well. Fluid inflow volumes enter the reservoir rocks to an upward end in a production stream within a central production tube within the well provided with two or more separate inflow locations. In this situation the influx zones may not be precisely known and it is not taken for granted that the tracers are placed exactly where the influx occurs.
    [025] Figure 5b is a simplified section through an oil well where shutters are arranged to mutually isolate the inflow zones. In this situation the tracers are also placed each within their separate inflow zone. There may be more inflow zones and tracer conveyor than are shown in Figures 5a and b.
    [026] Figure 6 shows an inflow control device sub arranged to be arranged in-line with the production piping and is provided with a screen partially cut towards the surrounding rocks (not shown) within the wellbore in a zone inflow, and with polymer bars with tracer materials disposed within the annular space under the screen, and with fluid outlet holes disposed at the downstream end of the sub. Please see figure 8 for a section through such an arrangement. No leaky tracer is indicated. Figure 7 illustrates the same inflow control device sub as in Figure 6, but in which the tracer material (indicated as small particles, although the tracers are not actually particles) has accumulated within the fluids present within the annular space within the sub , and where the flow is temporarily stopped in order to accumulate the tracer concentration as a "tracer shot" inside the sub.
    [027] Figure 8 comprises illustrations of a situation according to the invention in which the tracer shot is accumulated over time of polymer tracer leakage in fluids still turned off. The return flow from the shot to the surface is then done during production restart. In this example, the flux shutdown is a transient in time with a build-up resulting from the trigger.
    [028] Figure 8a illustrates an isolated inflow zone, isolated by a lower (right) and upper (left) shutter that define an inflow zone of petroleum fluids (and/or water) entering the annular space around the production tube, fluids passing through a polymer loaded tracer, and fluids with more or less tracer material exiting the annular space through openings in the central production tube into the production flow which passes towards the surface. Figure 8a illustrates a situation where surface flow is flowing, and where the tracer is released at more or less a constant rate over time, for example, tracers from a polymer bar disposed within the annular space outside the central production tube. The fluid charges the tracer with it at a rate generally uniform with the production flow.
    [029] Figure 8b illustrates the result of a shutdown downstream (surface) in order to accumulate a concentration within the annular space, called accumulate a "shot". A short spatial span plotter shot is created. The dispersion of the tracer material will be a function of turbulence and flow geometry within the annular space, and if the surface fluid is stopped, one would expect the dispersion within the void to be very small.
    [030] Figure 8c illustrates that the concentrated tracer fluid (the "shot") is flushed with the restart of production by opening the surface valve, and the accumulated trigger will be flushed out as a longer pulse than would have been obtained if the tracer accumulated directly in the still-stopped production stream. The tracer concentration as shown and measured on the surface will be similar to one of the curves in Figure 2.
    [031] Figure 9 shows ideal curves of a tracer firing release within the base tube from the annular space void of figure 8C into the central production tube (base tube) as a function of time or cumulative flow, in shutdown situation with long-term release of the tracer, and the subsequent release. Please note that both curves cannot approximate a zero concentration as doses are continuously delivered. The higher rate will wash out faster and disappear faster, while the lower influx rate will wash out at a lower rate, but both may be at a detectable level for a very long time.
    [032] Figure 10 refers to a configuration with accumulated tracer shots being washed into the central base tube, or already accumulated within the central base tube, as also explained in figure 1. In figure 10 shows the tracer concentration curves as a function of cumulative production volume on the surface. In the upper portion of the drawing are illustrated highly simplified illustrations of two parallel production zones named "zone 1" and "zone 1 & 5" (which can produce into the same main well) or two wells on the same link by extension, leading to the same surface sampling site. Vertical colored lines are the positions of tracers in isolated inflow zones for the two branches. Different colored lines on the curves indicate measured (interpolated) concentrations. Vertical bars of the same colors indicate peak arrivals (as a function of cumulative volume) if even inflow rates had existed and this is calculated from the models. It will be seen that first production (heel) from zone 1 and zone 1 & 5 arrive almost as predicted from the uniform rate model, but that the zone 1 thumb marker arrives much earlier and its inflow should be higher than the assumed, and the thumb closest to zone 1 & 5 arrives too late and may be due to a lower influx than assumed. This indicates that the inflow model must be significantly adjusted.
    [033] Figure 11 shows the same measured curves and well models as for figure 10 above. A general scheme of comparison between the Real World and the model world as shown in Figure 3 can be used. The difference here is that the "zone 1" and "zone 1 & 5" inflow model is heavily corrected to indicate "zone 1" downhole inflow rates of 18%, only 1%, and as high as 43% contributions to the combined total surface flow, and to zone 1 & 5 contributions of 9% in the heel, 10%, and 18% of the thumb. Here we see that the average production zone of "zone 1" contributes significantly and can be turned off or considered as a candidate for an overhaul. It will now be seen that the predicted peak arrivals coincide with the actual peaks.
    [034] As an improvement, an additional curve analysis could be conducted in order to determine the continuous curve peak arrivals of the non-continuous measurement results, as the peak of a non-continuous series is not necessarily the actual peak. Anyway, the illustrated marriage is much better than for figure 10. DESCRIPTIONS OF MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION
    [035] The process block diagram shown in figure 3 provides a general description of how a tracer transient interpretation system can be designed. The main objective is to produce interpretation reports that inform the well operator about the downhole inflow profiles. These can then plug into the customer's decision processes. Crucial are the different models and the model must be tunable so that historical match deviations can be reduced.
    [036] To be able to estimate downhole inflow profiles it is important to have a good overview of all the characteristic time constants that govern the tracer return flow signature. It would be desirable for the time constant characteristic of the actual change to be significantly shorter than other time constants so that some of the processes impacting the monitoring period could be considered as constant.
    [037] The invention is a method for estimating an inflow profile qi for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) for an oil well in production 1 with two or more inflow zones or inflow locations 3, 31, 32, 33 for a production flow F. The method comprises the following steps: - Arrange new or existing plotter sources selected 4, 41, 42, 43 with different plotter materials 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m in known well levels. The tracer sources are arranged at or immediately downstream of said inflow zones 3, 31, 32, 33 in fluid contact. Each said tracer source 4, 41, 42, 43 has a generally uniform leakage rate qt41, qt42, qt43... such as by diffusion into the well fluid, under wetting. This is preferably done by fluid wetting. - Inducing a transient in the production rate q of the entire production stream 30, such as using a surface valve system, or to at least one of said inflow zones 3, 31, 32, 33, thereby changing the times exposure locations from tracer sources 4, 41, 42, 43 to the fluid. In practice, this can be done by opening surface flows after a well shutdown. - Collect samples c1, c1, ..., downstream at known sampling times t1, t1, ..., and
    [038] Analyze said samples c1, c1, ... for concentration 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c and type of tracer material 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m from possible sources 4, 41, 42, 43, - Subsequently , calculate the qi influx profile based on a response on the 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c concentrations and type of tracer materials in the samples as a function of sampling times.
    [039] If a series of samples are taken during a time or cumulative production long enough for the shots set at shutdown to have been washed out and produced to the surface, it can be assured that a base level of concentration associated with steady state flow has been reached, please see the term direct tracer flow in figure 9.
    [040] In one embodiment of the invention, the following steps can be used to establish a steady-state well flow tracer concentration level by sampling and analyzing before shutdown: b) Collect samples c1, c2, c3, ...of the production stream F downstream of the inflow location3, 32, 32, 33, at known sampling times t1, t2, t3, .... c) Analyze samples c1, c2, c3, ..., cN for concentration 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c and type of tracer material 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m from possible sources 4, 41, 42, 43.
    [041] In other words, the above method could be presented alternatively as: - Collect at known sampling times t1, t2, t3, ..., tN, tN+1, ... (or collect in production volumes cumulative) a series of samples c1, c2, c3, ..., cN from the production stream F downstream of the inflow location 3, 32, 32, 33. - Analyze the series of samples c1, c2, c3, .. ., cN as to concentration 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c and type of tracer material 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m from possible sources 4, 41, 42, 43. - Based on said concentrations 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c and its sampling sequence and well geometry, calculate said qi inflow volumes from transient flow models. - The calculated qi inflow volumes are used as parameters to control the production flow or to characterize the reservoir. - During the sampling time series, induce at least one transient in the production rate q of the entire production stream 30, such as using a surface valve system, or to at least one of said inflow zones 3, 31, 32, 33, thereby changing the local exposure times from tracer sources 4, 41, 42, 43 to the fluid.
    [042] The fluid transient can be induced, for example, by making a step change, for example, an increase or decrease, in the total production rate of the well, shutting down the well for a time and reopening it. A number of step changes can be introduced. Transients other than step changes can be imagined, but the transient must have sufficient amplitude and temporal significance in order to be detected downstream through the often long material piping system.
    [043] It is important that sufficient quantities of tracers are accumulated, that is, that the shutdown time is long enough so that the transient is detectable downstream.
    [044] Thus one can induce or use induced tracer transients made by a transient flow to see the system response to the transient in the downstream chemical analysis result. This can be compared to an inflow model in a manner described below, and thus used to determine the reservoir inflow pattern.
    [045] In an embodiment of the invention, it is possible, before conducting step (d), that is, to induce a transient in the production rate, assume, by simulation or experiment, to wait or confirm through measurements, that a Steady-state condition was reached and 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ... concentrations of 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m tracer materials in samples c1, c2, c3, ..., cN, before the transient was initiated. - introduced. A better alternative is to assume that steady-state flux has been reached after switching off and restarting the flux after a given time, usually indicated on the curves when tracer concentrations have approached their baseline levels again.
    [046] In an embodiment of the invention, the transient in the production rate q can be induced by turning off said production flow F, such as turning off at the surface in a first instant. Shutdown will result in a local accumulation of the 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m tracer material near the tracer sources. Subsequently the production rate q is increased by opening the production flow at a desired known time. This can be called creating an artificial "plotter trigger", where the plotter sources themselves do not need to be manipulated.
    [047] In one modality, chemically traceable local pollutants such as gaskets or decaying cement can be used, but a method that uses known tracers with known properties and arranged in known locations is preferred.
    [048] According to an embodiment of the invention, a transient in the production rate q is locally induced by turning off one or more of said local inflow rates q21, q22, q23, ... such as closing local valves, in a first instant , for local accumulation of at least part of the tracer material from the 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m tracer near the tracer sources, and to subsequently increase the production rate q by increasing those one or more of said inflow rates q21, q22, q23, ..., such as opening local valves to full opening (or their common operating opening, which may be less than full for some valves), at a desired known time.
    [049] According to an embodiment of the invention, the analysis of samples c1, c2, c3, ... cN for concentrations 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ... and type of tracer material 4m, 41m, 42m , 43m for possible sources 4, 41, 42, 43 is generally conducted after sampling is done at one or more of said sampling times. This is specifically valid if concentrations are very low and analysis is time-consuming and requires high precision in a laboratory.
    [050] In an embodiment of the invention, the analysis of concentrations 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ... of tracer materials 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m in samples c1, c2, c3, ... cN can be conducted on site, generally simultaneously, immediately during or after sampling conducted at one or more of said sampling times. This modality of method may be relevant if the tracer concentration and thus detectability is high enough to allow for immediate, rapid analysis, such as using a chemical sensor in the production stream, or extracting samples that are automatically analyzed there and then in the location on the surface. Such a sensor can provide concentration measurements more or less continuously. Such a sensor can also provide an online measurement signal.
    [051] According to an embodiment of the invention one or more of the tracer sources 4, 41, 42, 43 are arranged in one or more corresponding delay chambers 7, please see figure 6 and figure 7, the delay chamber having a or more openings 71 for fluid flow, the delay chamber 7 arranged to vent the fluid with cast tracer material at a time constant which is significantly longer than the diffusion rate of tracer source 4, 41, 42 , 43 for the net.
    [052] Such a delay chamber 7 can be constituted by a common component of the well, such as a completion tube on which the one or more tracer sources 4, 41, 42, 43 are disposed within the annular space formed between said completion pipe and wellbore wall, please see figures 6, 7, and 8.
    [053] The transient in the production flow used in a modality of the invention is not necessarily induced only for the purpose of the present method, but can occur in the system anyway. The transient used in the invention can be a transient that occurs naturally or technically in the production rate, such as a temporary shutdown of production for minutes or hours, the closing and/or opening of valves of marked portions of the production pipe tracer , which can be used as the actual transient in the production rate.
    [054] Generally the qi inflow profile comprises two or more inflow rates q21, q22, q23, ... into two or more corresponding inflow zones or inflow locations 31, 32, 33, ....
    [055] In an embodiment of the invention, calculating the inflow profile qi, an abstract model well 1' that corresponds to the actual production well 1 is established, including a model transport path P' that corresponds to the path of transport P from said well 1 downstream of, i.e. after said inflow profile qi, closer to the wellhead. - Model 1' well must have model inflow rates q'21, q'22, q'23, ... for the corresponding model 31', 32', 33', ... inflow locations that correspond to the assumed actual inflow locations 31, 32, 33, ..., and be provided with the 4', 41', 42', 43' model plotter sources with distinct modeled plotter materials 4'm, 41' m, 42'm, 43'm at known well levels of model 1' that correspond to actual plotter sources 4, 41, 42, 43. - Each model plotter source 4', 41', 42', 43 ' should be modeled according to whether this is a release (leakage) with a generally uniform rate (on the considered time scales of a polymer if this is the relevant release mechanism. - In the model, the concentration 4'c, 41' c, 42'c, 43'c for tracer material type modeled 4'm, 41'm, 42'm, 43'm is then calculated on a well patterned well flow transport path P' of and including the first "thumb" inflow zone to the wellhead, as a function of time under a modeled transient that occurs in the model. - Then you can compare the actually measured 4c, 41c, 42c, 43c concentrations and the type of tracer material 4m, 41m, 42m, 43m over time with the calculated model concentrations 4'c, 41'c, 42'c, 43'c for the patterned tracer material type 4'm, 41'm, 42'm, 43'm, and adjust the model inflow rates q'21, q'22, q'23 , ... in order to improve consistency between the model inflow profile qi, q'21, q'22, q'23, ... and the actual inflow profile qi. Special Case About Accumulated Tracer Trigger
    [056] In figure 1, a series of diagrams are provided to help visualize how tracer concentrations change as they are transported through the reservoir interval.
    [057] Nine frames are shown, figures 1-1 through 1-9, illustrating the technique, each frame is a time step and describes how tracer shots move after being accumulated as a result of or a shutdown of well flow or a change in well flow. The diagram represents a horizontal well with four release tracers per unit of generally constant time, installed at positions identified A, B, C, D. For simplicity in this example the distances between each subsequent tracer position along the wellbore are equal .
    [058] Tracer array devices are exposed to well fluids either from outside the completion or inside depending on the transport system. When these come in contact with oil (or water if these are a water-tracer system) the tracer chemicals are emitted from the matrix at a fairly constant rate. If there is no flow as illustrated in figure 1-2, then fluids immediately surrounding the tracer develop a high tracer concentration. Such volumes are referred to as a "tracer shot" and typically start as equal volumes.
    [059] In figure 1-3 the well inflow has started and each vertical arrow in this example represents a given inflow, eg 1000 bopd (barrels of oil per day).
    [060] As seen the inflow of the zone between plotter C and D is three times higher than the inflow between zones A and B. When the plotter projectiles start to move with the well fluids as seen in figure 1- 5 these variations in inflow between the zones will affect the volume of fluid between each tracer projectile and the concentration of each projectile as it passes through the zones. The volume and with it the time difference between the arrival of projectiles C and D will be longer than between A and B due to the fact that there will be three times more wellbore fluid entering between the C and D tracer projectiles This is visually represented in figures 1-6, 17, 1-8, and 1-9. Also the concentration of tracer projectile D will become more diluted and dispersed as a result of this higher influx, this is also shown in figures 1-6 to 1-9.
    [061] When the tracers arrive downstream on the surface (see right figure) and these are analyzed and modeled in relation to a wellbore fluid simulation model using the described inflow principle then an answer can be given, using the method of the present invention on how much flow is coming from each zone between tracer locations within the well.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    1. Method for estimating an inflow profile (qi) for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) for an oil well in production (1) with two or more inflow zones or inflow locations ( 3, 31, 32, 33) for a production flow (F), which comprises the following steps: - arrange plotter sources (4, 41, 42, 43) with different plotter materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m ) at known levels of the well, at least one of said tracer sources disposed downstream and exposed to fluids within at least one of said inflow zones (3, 31, 32, 33), - each said tracer source (4 , 41, 42, 43) having a uniform release rate (qt41, qt42, qt43...) for said well fluid, - induce a transient in the production rate (q) of the entire production stream (30), hereby changing the local exposure times from tracer sources (4) to the fluid, - collect samples (c), downstream at known sampling times (t), - analyze said samples (c) as to the concentration (4c) and type of tracer material (4m) of said possible tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43), - based on said measured concentrations (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c) and their sequence of sampling and well geometry, calculate said inflow volumes (qi) of transient flow models, characterized by the fact that - said calculation of said inflow profile (qi), a model well (1') of said well (1) is established, including a model transport path (P') corresponding to the transport path (P) of said well (1) downstream of said inflow profile (qi), said well of template (1') having template inflow rates (q'21, q'22, q'23, ...) to the corresponding template inflow locations (31', 32', 33', ...) which correspond to said actual inflow locations (31, 32, 33) with template plotter sources (4', 41', 42', 43') with distinct plotter materials (4'm, 41'm, 42' 'm, 43'm) at known levels of said model well (1') which correspond to said real plotter sources (4, 41, 42, 43), - each said model plotter source (4', 41', 42', 43') having a uniform model leakage rate (q't41 , q't42, q't43, ...) (diffusion) for a model fluid from said model well (1'), - whereby the model concentration (4'c, 41'c, 42 'c, 43'c) for each tracer material (4'm, 41'm, 42'm, 43'm) is calculated in said well flow transport path (P') modeled downstream as a function of time under a modeled transient occurring in said model, - compare said measured concentration (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c) and type of tracer material (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) with said calculated model concentration (4'c, 41'c, 42'c, 43'c) for a corresponding template type of tracer material (4'm, 41'm, 42'm, 43'm), and adjust said rates of pattern inflow (q'21, q'22, q'23, ...) in order to improve the consistency between said pattern inflow profile (qi, q'21, q'22, q'23, ...) and the dit the actual inflow profile (qi) - use the calculated inflow volumes (qi) as parameters to control the production flow or to characterize the reservoir.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the step of inducing a transient in the production rate is conducted, it establishes a steady state of the production flow and the concentrations (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ...) measurements of tracer materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) in the samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said transient at said production rate (q) is induced generally turning off said production flow (F), such as turning off at the surface, at first, for local accumulation of tracer material (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) close to said tracer sources, and to subsequently increase the production rate (q) by opening said production flow at a desired known time .
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said transient at said production rate (q) is locally induced by turning off one or more of said local inflow rates (q21, q22, q23 , ...) such as closing local valves, at first, for local accumulation of said tracer material (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) close to said tracer sources, and to subsequently increase the production rate (q) increasing said one or more of said inflow rates (q21, q22, q23, ...), such as to total, opening said local valves, at a desired known time.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said analysis of samples (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ...) of tracer materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m ) in samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN) is generally conducted after said sampling is conducted at one or more of said sampling times.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said analysis of samples (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ...) of tracer materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m ) in samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN) is generally conducted on site immediately after said sampling conducted at said one or more of said sampling times.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one or more of said tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) are arranged in one or more corresponding delay chambers (7) separated, said delay chamber (7) having one or more openings (71) for fluid flow (F) within the central tube (8).
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said delay chamber (7) arranged to conduct its inflow fluids to pass the local wellbore wall, past said local tracer source (4 ) and to exit through said opening (71) to said central tube (8).
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that said delay chamber (7) constituted as a well completion component to assemble inside a completion tube (8) by means of which the said one or more tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) are disposed within the annular space formed between said completion tube (8) and the wellbore wall.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a transient that otherwise occurs naturally or technically at the production rate is used as said transient at the production rate.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said inflow profile (qi) comprises two or more inflow rates (q21, q22, q23, ...) in two or more zones of inflow or corresponding inflow locations (31, 32, 33, ...).
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said sequence of steps is repeated in order to improve a signal to noise ratio of said measurements.
    [0013]
    13. System for estimating an inflow profile (qi) for at least one of the well fluids (oil, gas, or water) for an oil well in production (1) with two or more inflow zones or inflow locations ( 3, 31, 32, 33) for a production flow (F), which comprises: - plotter sources (4, 41, 42, 43) with different plotter materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) arranged at known levels of the well, at least one of said tracer sources disposed downstream and exposed to fluids within at least one of said inflow zones (3, 31, 32, 33), - each said tracer source (4, 41, 42, 43) having a uniform release rate (qt41, qt42, qt43...) to said well fluid, characterized by - a valve disposed within said production stream (30) to induce a transient in the rate of production (q) of the production stream (30), thereby changing the local exposure times from the tracer sources (4) to the fluid, - a sampling device to collect the samples. oysters (c), downstream at known sampling times (t), - a tracer analyzer for said samples (c) to analyze the concentration (4c) and type of tracer material (4m) of said possible sources ( 4, 41, 42, 43), - an algorithm with a transient flow model to calculate, based on said concentrations (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c) and their sampling sequence and well geometry, said inflow volumes (qi), - said inflow volumes (qi) calculated to be used as parameters to control the production flow or to characterize the reservoir.
    [0014]
    14. System according to claim 13, characterized in that a steady state of the production flow and the measured concentrations (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c,...) of tracer materials (4m, 41m , 42m, 43m) in the samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN) is established before the step of inducing a transient in the production rate is conducted.
    [0015]
    15. System according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by the fact that disposed to induce said transient at said production rate (q) is turning off said production flow (F), such as turning off a valve of surface, at first, for local accumulation of said tracer material (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) close to said tracer sources, and further arranged to further increase the production rate (q) opening said flow of production at a predetermined desired time.
    [0016]
    16. System according to claim 13, 14, or 15, characterized in that it comprises local valves to turn off one or more of said local inflow rates (q21, q22, q23, ...) at a first moment for local accumulation of said plotter material (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) to further increase the production rate (q) by increasing said one or more of said inflow rates (q21, q22, q23, ... ), such as for total, opening said local valves, at a desired known instant, creating said transient at said production rate (q).
    [0017]
    17. System according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that it is arranged to conduct said analysis of samples (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ...) of tracer materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) in samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN) generally after said sampling is conducted at one or more of said sampling times.
    [0018]
    18. System according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that it is arranged to conduct said analysis of samples (4c, 41c, 42c, 43c, ...) of tracer materials (4m, 41m, 42m, 43m) in the samples (c1, c2, c3, ... cN) usually on site, immediately after said sampling conducted at said one or more of said sampling times.
    [0019]
    19. System according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that one or more of said tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) are arranged in one or more corresponding delay chambers (7) separated, said delay chamber (7) having one or more openings (71) for fluid flow (F) within the central tube (8).
    [0020]
    20. System according to claim 19, characterized in that said delay chamber (7) arranged to generally conduct all of its inflow fluids to pass the local wellbore wall, past said tracer source location (4) and to exit through said opening (71) to said central tube (8).
    [0021]
    21. System according to any one of claims 19 to 20, characterized in that said delay chamber (7) constituted as a well completion component and to assemble inside a completion tube (8) by means of that said one or more tracer sources (4, 41, 42, 43) are disposed within an annular space formed between said completion tube (8) and the wellbore wall.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US10961842B2|2021-03-30|
    US20190195064A1|2019-06-27|
    EP3075949A3|2017-02-15|
    EP3032028A1|2016-06-15|
    US20200270986A1|2020-08-27|
    US8949029B2|2015-02-03|
    US10669839B2|2020-06-02|
    US20200270985A1|2020-08-27|
    AU2011321097A1|2013-05-23|
    WO2012057634A1|2012-05-03|
    MX2013004815A|2013-07-02|
    US10253619B2|2019-04-09|
    AU2011321097B2|2017-03-16|
    NO334117B1|2013-12-16|
    CA2852632A1|2012-05-03|
    US20130245948A1|2013-09-19|
    NO20101521A1|2012-04-30|
    BR112013010529A2|2017-10-10|
    US10871067B2|2020-12-22|
    US20210199003A1|2021-07-01|
    CA2852632C|2019-12-03|
    EP3075949A2|2016-10-05|
    EP2633152A1|2013-09-04|
    US20130268198A1|2013-10-10|
    EP2633152B1|2016-07-06|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-01| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 31/10/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US40814310P| true| 2010-10-29|2010-10-29|
    NO20101521A|NO334117B1|2010-10-29|2010-10-29|A method of estimating an inflow profile for at least one of the well fluids oil, gas or water to a producing petroleum well|
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