• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEISMIC DATA MODELING AND MIGRATION. A computer-implemented system and method for estimating temporal dispersion in seismic wave propagation of finite differences of low order are disclosed. One modality of the method includes transforming a set of seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain a set of seismic data in the frequency domain, by applying a time domain filter to the seismic data set. in the frequency domain to obtain a seismic data set in the filtered frequency domain, and transforming the frequency seismic data set from the filtered domain from the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain a filtered seismic data set from the time domain . The frequency domain time variation filter is based on the effective phase velocity inherent in a finite difference solution for the wave equation.
    公开号:BR112013009050B1
    申请号:R112013009050-2
    申请日:2012-02-21
    公开日:2020-12-08
    发明作者:Guojian Shan；Linbin Zhang；Yue Wang
    申请人:Chevron U.S.A. Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    [0001] The present invention relates generally to methods and systems for the modeling and migration of seismic data, using finite difference modeling operators, and in particular methods and systems to estimate the temporal dispersion caused by the use of modeling operators of finite low order differences for modeling and migration of seismic data. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] The exact migration of 3D seismic data allows for an adequate interpretation of subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs. Seismic migration is essentially the process of reversing seismic wave propagation; therefore, the focus has been placed on modeling seismic wave propagation as accurately as possible. One method of modeling seismic wave propagation is the modeling of finite differences.
    [0003] In finite difference modeling, the solution to the wave equation is approximately the use of a finite difference method (FD). This method can produce multiple approximate solutions that are referred according to their order, for example, second order FD and fourth order FD, which indicates the precision with which they represent the true solution to the wave equation. When a second-order FD solution is used to model the propagation of seismic waves, the resulting seismic data has significant temporal dispersion due to the low precision of the FD solution. Higher-order FD solutions such as fourth-order solutions for the production of synthetic seismic data with less temporal dispersion. The improved accuracy of high-order solutions has a high computational cost. For example, fourth-order FD seismic modeling requires twice as many computing operations as second-order FD.
    [0004] Another method that can be used to improve modeling accuracy is a pseudo-analytical operator, such as a pseudo-Laplacian. This method is similar to second-order FD modeling except that it modifies the spatial and temporal derivatives, so that they have opposite signs, and, adjusting the coefficients, the errors in the derivatives will counteract each other, thus reducing the inaccuracy in the result . This method is more accurate than second-order FD modeling and not as computationally expensive as fourth-order FD modeling. However, pseudo-analytical methods are even more expensive than second-order FD modeling.
    [0005] The computational cost associated with high-order FD modeling or pseudo-analytical methods becomes even more significant when considered in terms of reverse time migration (RTM). In reverse time migration, a source wave field is propagated forward on the subsurface, often using pseudo-analytical or FD modeling, while a set of recorded seismic data is propagated backward on the subsurface. The two wave fields are combined at subsurface locations using an image condition, often zero cross-correlation delay, to create an image. The set of recorded seismic data is the actual result of the seismic energy that has passed through the subsurface and, as such, does not have the temporal dispersion that arises from pseudo-analytical modeling or approximate FD. In order for synthetic seismic data to propagate forward to coincide with recorded seismic data that propagates backwards, temporal dispersion must be considered. Therefore, current RTM methods use higher order pseudoanalytical or FD modeling.
    [0006] Current practice for FD and RTM seismic modeling uses pseudo-Laplacian methods or higher-order FD methods. These methods are more accurate and computationally more expensive than conventional second-order FD modeling. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0007] According to an implementation of the present invention, a method for estimating temporal dispersion includes transforming a set of seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain a set of seismic data in the frequency domain, if applying a frequency domain time variation filter to the seismic data set in the frequency domain to obtain a seismic data set in the filtered frequency domain, and transforming the filtered seismic frequency data set from the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain a set of seismic data filtered from the time domain. The frequency domain time variation filter is based on the effective phase velocity inherent in a finite difference solution for the wave equation. the time variation filter in the frequency domain can be applied to a set of synthetic seismic data that were generated by modeling low order finite differences.
    [0008] In another embodiment, the frequency domain time variation filter can be used to record seismic data prior to reverse time migration. Reverse time migration can then use low order finite difference modeling to propagate the source wave field forward.
    [0009] The present invention can also be practiced as a system for estimating temporal dispersion in seismic processing methods using low order finite difference modeling. The system may include a device to provide information representative of the subsurface area of interest and a computer processor, in communication with the device and configured to receive data for executing executable code by data response computer . Computer executable code can include a domain transformation module capable of transforming from a time domain to a frequency domain and / or from a frequency domain to a time domain, and a filter application module frequency domain to apply a frequency domain time variation filter. The system can also include a user interface. In one embodiment, the system can include a reverse migration module in time.
    [0010] The present invention can also be practiced as an article of manufacture including a computer-readable medium having a computer-readable code, the computer-readable code being configured to implement a method to estimate the time dispersion in difference wave propagation finite low order. The method may include the transformation of a set of seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain a set of seismic data in the frequency domain, applying a time domain filter of frequency frequency to the set of seismic data. seismic data in the frequency domain to obtain a seismic data set in the filtered frequency domain, and transforming the seismic data set in the filtered frequency domain from the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain a filtered seismic data domain of time. The frequency domain time variation filter is based on the effective phase velocity inherent in a finite difference solution for the wave equation.
    [0011] The summary section above is provided to present a selection of concepts in a simplified way which are described below in the detailed description section. The summary is not intended to identify the essential or key characteristics of the claimed matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed matter. In addition, the claimed matter is not limited to applications that address any or all of the disadvantages noted, anywhere in the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0012] These and other features of the present invention will be better understood with respect to the following description, pending claims and attached drawings, in which:
    [0013] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for conducting seismic data modeling, according to an embodiment of the invention;
    [0014] Figure 2 shows a small wave that was propagated using a second order FD method and the result of applying the time variation filter in the frequency domain of the present invention to the small wave;
    [0015] Figure 3 is an example of seismic data modeling, using a conventional second order FD method compared to seismic data modeling using the present invention;
    [0016] Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for performing reverse time migration (RTM) according to an embodiment of the invention;
    [0017] Figure 5 is an example of reverse time migration using a conventional second order FD method compared to the reverse time migration method using the present invention; and
    [0018] Figure 6 schematically illustrates a system for carrying out a method according to an embodiment of the invention, DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0019] The present invention can be described and implemented in the general context of a computer system and methods to be performed by a computer. Such computer-executable instructions can include programs, routines, objects, components, data structures and computer software technologies that can be used to perform specific tasks and to process data types from abstract processes. Software implementations of the current invention can be encoded in different languages for application on a variety of computing platforms and environments. It is noted that the scope and underlying principles of the present invention are not limited to any special computer software technology.
    [0020] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the current invention can be put into practice using any or a combination of hardware and software configurations, including but not limited to a system that has a system of computer processors of single and / or multiple processors, portable devices, programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention can also be put into practice in distributed computing environments in which tasks are performed by servers or other processing devices that are connected through one or more data communications networks. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on storage media for local and remote computers, including memory storage devices.
    [0021] In addition, an article of manufacture for use with a computer processor, such as a CD, a pre-recorded disc or other equivalent devices, may include a computer storage medium and program media recorded on it to drive the computer processor in order to facilitate the application and practice of this technology. Such devices and articles of manufacture also fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
    [0022] Referring now to the drawings, modalities of the present invention will be described. The invention can be implemented in a number of ways, including, for example, a system (including a computer processing system), a method (including a computer-implemented method), an apparatus, a computer-readable medium, a program product computer interface, a graphical user interface, a web portal, or a data structure tangibly fixed in computer-readable memory. Various embodiments of the present invention are discussed below. The attached drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the present invention and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting its scope and breadth.
    [0023] The present invention refers to the consideration of temporal dispersion in the modeling of finite difference seismic data, and by way of example and not as a limitation, it can be used to reduce the temporal dispersion in synthetic seismic data generated by finite difference modeling low-order or introduce temporal dispersion in recorded seismic data before reversing the time migration using low-order finite difference modeling as forward propagator. The temporal dispersion is characterized by a frequency domain time variation filter.
    [0024] The inventor determined that it is possible to generate a frequency domain time variation filter based on the inherent effective phase speed in a finite difference solution for the wave equation. The low order finite difference solutions, such as the second order solution, will be inaccurate and will introduce temporal dispersion in the synthetic seismic data generated by low order finite difference (FD) modeling. In addition, the inventor determined that by applying the frequency domain time variation filter to synthetic seismic data created by low-order FD modeling, temporal dispersion can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to use the frequency domain time variation filter to add temporal dispersion to record seismic data so that it can be used as an input to a reverse time migration method using low-order FD modeling as its propagator foward.
    [0025] In this regard, an example of a method 100 according to the present invention is illustrated in the flowchart of Figure 1. In step 10, a synthetic seismic data set is transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain. This can be done, for example, by a fast Fourier transform. In one embodiment, the synthetic seismic data set was generated by a low order finite difference modeling (FD) operator, such as, and is not limited to a second order FD modeling operator. A low-order FD modeling operator is one that is based on a finite difference solution for the wave equation and is known to be inaccurate, but is used because it is less computationally expensive than a high-order FD modeling operator.
    [0026] In step 12, the synthetic seismic data set that is now in the frequency domain has a variable frequency domain time variation filter applied to it. This frequency domain time variation filter is designed based on the effective phase velocity that is inherent in a low order FD solution for the wave equation. As an example of how a filter can be built, for the 3D acoustic wave equation

    [0027] Equation 1
    [0028] where P is the wave field, t is the travel time and V is the speed, the second order finite difference solution can be written as:

    [0029] Equation 2
    [0030] Considering Equa's Fourier transform. 2 Results in

    [0031] Equation 3
    [0032] where K is the wave number. From this result, it is possible to determine the effective phase speed for the second order FD solution. In this case, the effective phase velocity Va from Equa. 3 can be expressed as:

    [0033] Equation 4
    [0034] From Equa. 4 it is evident that Va is often dependent on and different from the actual velocity V. The difference between V and Va produces a time delay, or temporal dispersion, in a wave field that is propagated according to this FD solution. The temporal dispersion can be described mathematically:

    [0035] Equation 5
    [0036] where T represents the travel time calculated by the finite difference model and True of travel is the travel time using real speed. Once the time dispersion is defined, a frequency domain time variation filter F (w, T) can be designed to compensate for this:

    [0037] Equation 6
    [0038] Applying this filter to synthetic seismic data generated by FD second order FD modeling, as done in step 12, reduces temporal dispersion.
    [0039] The effect of the filter in Equa. 6 can be seen in Figure 2. In this example, a single small wave is shown as curve 20 and was propagated by second order FD modeling. The result shows the early phase distortion as a small peak before the main arrival and the large negative and uneven positive peaks that are characteristic of temporal dispersion caused by the imprecise FD solution. Applying the Equa filter. 6 for curve 20 that produces curve 22, which shows no signs of temporal dispersion.
    [0040] Referring again to Figure 1, the Equa filter. 6 is applied to seismic data from the frequency domain, the data is transformed back to the time domain in step 14. An example of method 100 can be seen in Figure 3. Panel 30 shows a wave field that has been propagated by a second-order FD modeling operator. The temporal dispersion is indicated by the arrow 31. Panel 32 shows data after performing method 100. The temporal dispersion is very reduced.
    [0041] Another modality of the present invention is illustrated in the flowchart of Figure 4. In this modality, a time variation filter in the frequency domain is used to prepare seismic data recorded for migration through an inverse time migration algorithm ( RTM). The set of recorded seismic data represents seismic energy that was generated by a seismic source, propagated through the subsurface, refraction and reflection depending on the differences in the seismic velocity and density of the subsurface rock layers and was recorded by seismic receivers. As such, the recorded seismic data represents the real solution to the wave equation and therefore does not have temporal dispersion, which is caused by inaccuracies in FD modeling. In RTM, the set of recorded seismic data or the wave field is propagated backwards on the subsurface, while a source wave field is propagated forward using an FD or pseudo-analytical method. The two wave fields are subjected to an image condition to create the migrated image. A typical imaging condition is Zero delay in cross-correlation:

    [0042] Equation 7
    [0043] where I (x, y, z) is the migrated image, S (x, y, z, t) is the source wave field that is propagated forward by an FD or pseudo-analytical method, and R (x, y, z, t) is the recorded wave field that is propagated backwards. Due to the zero delay in the cross correlation, any temporal dispersion that occurs in only one of the source wave fields propagated forward will cause artifacts in the migrated image and poorly positioned depth. Typically RTM uses more computationally more expensive high-order pseudo-analytical or FD modeling to reduce temporal dispersion. However, if the temporal dispersion at the recorded source and wavefield are the same, the zero-delay image condition in the cross-correlation will not cause artifacts. This modality of the present invention creates temporal dispersion in the recorded seismic data, so that they can be used as input to the RTM using a cheaper low-order FD modeling operator computationally for the source wave field, while reducing artifacts.
    [0044] In method 400, step 40 transforms a set of seismic data recorded in the frequency domain. This can be done, for example, by a fast Fourier transform. The domain frequency data has a time-domain filter in the frequency domain in step 42. This filter is generated based on the effective phase speed from the FD solution, as was the filter derivative for method 100, but , in this mode, the filter will introduce temporal dispersion, instead of reducing it. For a second order FD solution, the frequency domain time variation filter that will be applied to the registered frequency domain seismic data is

    [0045] Equation 8
    [0046] Note that this filter is almost identical to the method 100 filter shown in Equa. 6; only the sign in the exponent is different.
    [0047] In step 44, the filtered recorded data set is transformed back into the time domain. In step 46, the filtered recorded data set is used as input for RTM using an FD modeling operator of the same order as the FD solution used to derive the frequency domain time variation filter. It should be noted that if the RTM method is prepared to have seismic data recorded from the frequency domain as input, step 44 can be ignored.
    [0048] An example of method 400 can be seen in Figure 5. Panel 50 presents an RTM result that used a second second order FD modeling operator to propagate source wave fields and use the recorded seismic data set without the application of a variable frequency domain time variation filter. Panel 52 shows an RTM result produced by the 400 method. Line 51 is a horizontal reference, which helps to demonstrate the difference in the vertical positioning of the seismic reflector. This reflector is located at the correct depth on panel 52; on panel 50, the use of the low order FD modeling operator and the unfiltered recorded seismic data resulted in artifacts that make the reflector appear shallower than it should be and apparently altered the phase of the small wave. The effects can also be seen in the package of deep seismic reflectors in the images. The difference in depth between the two panels is in the order of tens of meters, which is a significant difference when trying to set up a well.
    [0049] A system 600 for carrying out the present invention is illustrated schematically in Figure 6. The system includes a data source 60, which, for method 400, can contain a set of recorded seismic data. For method 100, the data source can contain a set of synthetic seismic data generated by a low-order FD modeling operator. The data source is in communication with the processor of computer 62. Processor 62 is configured to receive data from to execute modules compiled from computer-readable code. These modules may include the domain transformation module 65, which may be able to transform data from the time domain to the frequency domain and from the frequency domain to the time domain. The transformation can be carried out, for example, by a fast forward and reverse Fourier transform. The modules may also include filter application module 66, which applies a frequency domain time-varying filter. For method 400, the modules can also include the reverse migration module at time 67. Processor 62 is in communication with user interface 69. User interface 69 can be used both to display processed data and data products and to allow the user to select from the options to implement aspects of the method. Processed data products from processor 62 can be stored in data source 60.
    [0050] While in the preceding description the present invention has been described in relation to certain preferred embodiments thereof, and many details have been presented for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is susceptible to modifications and certain others details described herein can vary considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention. In addition, it should be noted that the structural features or steps of the method shown or described in any mode here can be used in other modes as well.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Method implemented by computer to estimate the temporal dispersion in a seismic wave propagation of finite differences of low order, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a. transforming a set of seismic data from the time domain to the frequency domain to obtain a set of seismic data from the frequency domain; B. applying a frequency domain time variation filter to the frequency domain seismic data set to obtain a filtered domain frequency seismic data set c. transforming the set of seismic data from the frequency domain filtered from the frequency domain to the time domain to obtain a set of seismic data filtered from the time domain.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the variable frequency domain time variation filter is based on an effective phase speed.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the seismic data set is a set of synthetic seismic data generated by a low order finite difference modeling operator.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that a low order finite difference modeling operator is a second order finite difference modeling operator.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the seismic data set is a set of recorded seismic data.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that it also includes the use of the filtered seismic data from the time domain as an input for reverse time migration.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the reverse migration time uses the seismic data from the filtered frequency domain as input.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the reverse migration time uses a low order finite difference modeling operator.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the low order finite difference modeling operator is a second order finite difference modeling operator.
    [0010]
    10. System for estimating temporal dispersion in seismic processing methods using low order finite difference modeling, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a. a device for providing information representative of the subsurface area of interest; and b. a computer processor, in communication with the device and configured to receive the data and to execute a computer executable code that responds to the data, the computer executable code comprises: i. a domain transformation module for the transformation of the time domain to the frequency domain and / or from the frequency domain to the time domain, and ii. a frequency domain filter application module to apply a frequency domain time variation filter.
    [0011]
    11. System according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a user interface.
    [0012]
    12. System according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the information representative of the subsurface area of interest comprises a set of synthetic seismic data generated by a low order finite difference modeling operator.
    [0013]
    13. System according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the information representative of the subsurface area of interest comprises a set of recorded seismic data.
    [0014]
    14. System according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a module of reverse migration in time.
    [0015]
    15. System according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the reverse migration module uses a low order finite difference modeling operator.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20120243371A1|2012-09-27|
    BR112013009050A2|2016-07-19|
    WO2012128879A2|2012-09-27|
    EP2689273A4|2015-12-23|
    AU2012231651A1|2013-04-04|
    EP2689273A2|2014-01-29|
    CN103229075A|2013-07-31|
    CA2817622A1|2012-09-27|
    EA201391376A1|2014-01-30|
    CA2817622C|2019-03-26|
    US8614930B2|2013-12-24|
    CN103229075B|2016-10-26|
    EP2689273B1|2020-12-09|
    WO2012128879A3|2012-11-22|
    AU2012231651B2|2014-12-04|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 21/02/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/069,951|2011-03-23|
    US13/069,951|US8614930B2|2011-03-23|2011-03-23|System and method for seismic data modeling and migration|
    PCT/US2012/025891|WO2012128879A2|2011-03-23|2012-02-21|System and method for seismic data modeling and migration|
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