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    • 专利摘要:
    linear electromagnetic actuator. the invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator. according to an example of the invention, the linear actuator comprises a structure (stator) which is at least partially made of soft magnetic material and an armature which is at least partially made of soft magnetic material which is supported in the structure of such so that the armature can be moved in relation to the structure along a longitudinal axis. the armature and structure are designed in such a way that there is a gap between the armature and the structure along the longitudinal axis in an open position in which the armature and the structure rest against each other in a closed position so that the clearance is closed. a first armature coil is connected to the armature in such a way that a force acting on the first armature coil can be transmitted to the armature. the linear drive further comprises means for generating a magnetic excitation field, which is guided at least partially by the structure and the armature and is directed in such a way that a force acts on the first armature coil when current circulates through the first armature coil when current circulates through the first armature coil and said forces transmitted to the armature in order to close the gap. the structure, the armature, and the excitation magnetic field are designed in such a way that a holding force takes effect when the gap between the structure and the armature is closed.
    公开号:BR112013008475B1
    申请号:R112013008475-8
    申请日:2011-10-06
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:Rainer Schneider；Arno Mecklenburg；Rainer Michaelsen
    申请人:Msm Krystall Gbr；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field
    The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic linear actuators for tensioning and retaining springs in spring-operated actuators. Foundations
    The operating mode of the electromagnetic actuators is based on the effect of the Lorentz force and the reluctance force (also called Maxwell force).
    The actuators that are structured as a lifting magnet can be used to drive machine levers, valves, gate valves, switches, etc. Lifting magnets are electromagnets comprising armature, stator and coil (s) and their structure is simple and robust and they can generate great holding powers with little energy consumption. When lifting large loads, their electrical efficiency is small, however, due to the large clearance associated with heavy lifting. In the simplest approximation (no deviation fields, no saturation), the current required to produce a specific force is proportional to the length of the clearance, and the energy loss increases quadratically with the current. The real reasons are even less favorable. Because of the high energy loss, long-distance lifting magnets can normally still produce only small initial forces (compared to the holding force), if the electrical efficiency for the application is negligible. The limit is given by the current assessment. Elevation magnets are described as being “long travel”, for example, if the maximum elevation h of the armature (relative to the stator) is in the order of magnitude h = square root (A), where A means the cross-sectional area of the armor. The definition cited should only be understood as a guide value, however. Generally speaking, realizing an approximate constant driving force across the entire adjustment distance is disproportionately more difficult for greater adjustment distances than for shorter ones. The high holding force is effective only if the clearance is almost zero.
    By an appropriate geometric design of the armature and structure, the performance curve of the path of a lifting magnet can be influenced (this is described as the impact of the performance curve) such that the reluctance force acting on the armature becomes almost regardless of the route. Such types of actuators are described as "proportional magnets." When the magnetic force of the armature acts against the restoring force of a spring, the position of the armature can be almost proportional to the current of the armature, if properly configured. But proportional magnets provide only relatively small forces for long elevations. In addition, in the attracted condition, proportional magnets can produce only comparatively small holding forces (compared to lifting magnets without the impact of the performance curve).
    Another type of electromagnetic linear actuators is structured similar to a plunger coil, and is also described as an electrodynamic actuator. When compared to lifting magnets, plunger coils are more delicate and more complex structural designs. Although the properly designed plunger coils are capable of producing almost uniformly large forces (Lorentz), they must be absorbed from the independent and comparatively ornamented coil, however. Cooling the plunger coils can also be technically challenging, as the coil must be suspended so that it can move and must be as light as possible in order to achieve high dynamics. (To mention an example, think only of an electrodynamic speaker). For this reason, it cannot often be securely attached to a (continuous) heatsink. Unlike lifting magnets, the plunger coils are also not capable of generating forces (holding) using only low power. They are not really suitable for applications where it is necessary to maintain a large (holding) force, using the energy consumption that is preferably as low as possible.
    The object of the invention is therefore to find a linear electric drive capable of producing holding forces with a similar power as a lifting magnet (without impacting the performance curve), but which is also capable of producing a force in the order of magnitude of holding force at long elevations over the entire adjustment distance. summary
    The above mentioned object is achieved by an electromagnetic linear actuator according to Claim 1. Different exemplary embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent Claims.
    The following describes an electromagnetic linear actuator. According to an example of the invention, the linear actuator comprises a structure (stator), which is made at least partially of soft magnetic material, and an armature, which is made at least partially of soft magnetic material and which is supported in the structure such that the armature can be moved in relation to the structure along a longitudinal axis. The armature and structure are designed in such a way that there is a gap between the armature and the structure along the longitudinal axis in an open position and that the armature and structure rest against each other in a closed position so that the clearance it's closed. A first armature coil is connected to the armature in such a way that a force acting on the first armature coil can be transmitted to the armature. The linear actuator further comprises means for generating a magnetic excitation field, which is guided at least partially by the structure and the armature and is aligned in such a way that a force acts on the first armature coil when the current flows through the first armature coil. reinforcement, and said force is transmitted to the reinforcement in order to close the gap. The structure, armature, and excitation magnetic field are designed in such a way that a holding force takes effect when the gap between the structure and the armature is closed.
    Compared to a normal electromagnet (lifting the magnet without impacting the performance curve) linear actuators according to the present invention offer the advantage of being able to produce a force in the order of magnitude of the holding force over the entire adjustment distance even with long elevations. According to the example mentioned above, this can be achieved in that one or more coils wrap around the armature transmit the force to the armature in addition to the reluctance force acting on the armature, they also tighten it “as it is,” when the armature's reluctance force is still low because of the wide open gap.
    According to an example of the invention, the armature and structure together with the gap (as a so-called gap) form a magnetic circuit, in which a magnetic excitation field is transported. To this end, the first armature coil can itself serve as a means to produce a magnetic excitation field, the armature coil being arranged in the armature such that it rests at least partially close to the clearance. In this context, the armature coil can be arranged in the armature, and the structure and armature can be designed such that in the open position of the armature, the excitation magnetic field concentrates itself in a radial direction (transversal to the longitudinal axis) and permeates the armature coil radially.
    According to a further example of the invention, the means for creating the excitation field next to the first armature coil comprises an excitation coil that is assigned to said first armature coil, and which is mechanically connected with the structure, with the first armature coil and the associated excitation coil, when the current circulates through them, generate magnetic fields that are mutually opposite. At least in the open position, an overimposition of these magnetic fields results in a radial magnetic flux (transversal to the longitudinal direction) (excitation field), which can interact with the first armature coil. In the open position, the first armature coil and the excitation coil are determined so that they are arranged adjacent such that when the current circulates through the coils, the excitation field interacts with the first armature coil such that a force acts on the first armature coil in the longitudinal direction that closes the gap.
    The excitation coil (s) arranged in the structure can also be replaced by permanent magnets. In addition, several pairs (armature coil and the associated excitation coil) can be accommodated within a drive, similar to a mechanical series connection, for example. An armature coil can be supplied additionally or alternatively, which generates its own excitation field, as mentioned above. Finally, the holding coil can be arranged on the structure, which creates a holding force when the gap is closed. This holding coil can also be replaced with permanent magnets. Then, sometimes synonymously, "holding" and "attracting" coils are mentioned. This always refers to the coils that are used for the purpose of exerting a reluctant force on a soft magnetic moving component of the drive (usually the armature). The term “attraction coil” illustrates this to the extent that the forces of reluctance always act on the attraction of soft magnetic components. The term retaining coil emphasizes that with proper dimensioning, the attraction coil is capable of holding the driver in its position against a recovery force. Within the meaning of this invention, all retaining coils are attraction coils.
    Since the force of the actuator can be in the same order of magnitude as the holding force, the actuator is particularly well suited for tensioning the springs.
    The spring (s) can then be maintained in the tensioned state by means of a retention chain that is only very small (when using permanent magnets), or is retained tensioned even when they are de-energized. Brief description of the drawings
    The following figures in the additional description are intended to help you better understand the invention. Details, additional variants and further developments of the inventive idea are discussed with reference to the Figures, which refer to a special selected example. The elements in the Figures are not necessarily to be construed as limiting, but are intended to illustrate the principle of the invention.
    Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator according to an example of the invention in an open end position (a) and in a closed end position (b). In the open end position (a), which is at the beginning of the lift, the magnetic circuit is predominantly closed above the radial clearance LB (shunt), as a result of the energized coil that is housed in the clearance LB detects a force that this transmits to the armature: The coil pushes the armature towards the closed end position (b). But as a result of the movement of the armature, the axial clearance LA is reduced, as a result of which its reluctance decreases and the magnetic flux through LA increases. In the closed end position (b), which is during the disappearance of the LA << LB axial clearance, the arrangement basically functions as a traditional lifting magnet. It is also naturally possible that the “armature” can be kept in place instead of the “stator”, in this case, the stator and armature exchange their roles, and instead of the coiled armature, “only iron” is moved, which is easier in many cases. What is decisive for the efficiency of the drive is that the clearance LB is small enough; this can be particularly small in relation to the fully open gap LA.
    Fig. 2 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator according to an additional example of the invention in an open end position (a) and in a position during the actuation procedure (b).
    Fig. 3 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator, which is similarly arranged as the example from Fig. 2, the actuator can be kept in the closed end position (b).
    Fig. 4 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator according to a further example of the invention in an open end position (a) and in a closed end position (b); the arrangement resembles the trigger in Fig. 3.
    Fig. 5 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator for tensioning an actuating spring according to a further example of the invention in an open end position (a) and in a closed end position (b); the arrangement resembles the trigger in Fig. 4, while the excitation magnetic fields are generated by permanent magnets, however.
    Fig. 6 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator according to a further example of the invention; the driver can be considered to be a combination of the examples in Fig. 1 and 2;
    Fig. 7 shows an electromagnetic linear actuator according to a further example of the invention. The driver can be considered to be a combination of the examples in Fig. 1 and 3; and
    Fig. 8 shows a linear actuator, which is particularly robust and particularly easy to manufacture. The winding of the coils is wound at least partially on the flat wires (the flat wires can also be replaced by other types of wires or by intermittent “fins”, which is a plurality of grooves formed by intermittent rods. What is decisive is that the windings are at least partially wound in recesses in the armature (material)). The drive works in a manner comparable to that illustrated in Fig. 6, however the excitation coil and the designated armature coil, which have the ability to repel each other, have different diameters (also as according to Fig. 4 ). Unlike the drives previously illustrated, there is soft magnetic material radially between these armatures (refers to the “flat wire” of the structure (1)) that must saturate first before the drive can produce a greater force. Detailed Description
    Fig. 1 represents a simple example of a linear actuator according to the invention (Fig. 1a: open position, Fig. 1b: closed position). The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 is symmetric to the axis (longitudinal axis 1 as the axis of symmetry). However, it is not mandatory that the driver is designed symmetrically to the axis.
    According to the example in Fig. 1, the linear actuator comprises a structure 10 (hereinafter also called “stator”) as well as an armature 20. Both armature 20 and stator 10 consist of a soft magnetic material at least partially in order to be able to conduct magnetic fluxes. The armature 20 is supported on the stator 10 such that the armature 20 can be moved along the longitudinal axis 1 in relation to the stator 10. The armature 20 and stator 10 are furthermore formed such that along the longitudinal axis 1 between the armature 20 and stator 10 a gap LA exists in an open position between armature 20 and stator 10 and that armature 20 and stator 10 are resting close to each other in a closed position, so that the gap LA is closed. A first armature coil A is connected with armature 20. The connection between armature coil A and armature 20 is such that the force acting on the first armature coil can be transferred to armature 20. A force that acts between a magnetic field and a coil current that acts on the armature coil A because of the interaction it will consequently also act on the armature itself 20. The linear actuator according to the example in Fig. 1, basically comprises means to generate a magnetic excitation field, which is guided at least partially through the structure and armature and is directed in such a way that an FM force acts on the first armature coil 20 when the current circulates through it, which is transmitted to armature 20 a in order to close the gap LA (see Fig 1b). Stator 10, armature 20 and the excitation magnetic field in this context are designed such that the holding force FH takes effect when the gap LA between stator 20 and armature 10 is closed.
    In the self-excited variant shown in Fig. 1, the armature coil A itself serves as a means to generate the excitation magnetic field. Armature 20 and stator 10 together with the LA clearance (as (working) clearance) form a magnetic circuit, in which a magnetic excitation field is guided. In this context, the armature coil A is arranged at least partially close to the gap LA, thus already in the open position (a) “partially immersed” in the structure 10. Armature coil A can in particular be arranged in a peripheral groove of the armature . In this case, the armature coil A extends almost symmetrically around the longitudinal axis 1. In the present example, the length d2 of the clearance LA, is determined by the distance between a shoulder 21 of the armature 20 and a front face of the stator 10 opposite to the shoulder.
    According to the modalities of the present invention described here, an electromagnetic linear actuator comprises an elongated armature, supported on the structure that can be moved in the axial direction (longitudinal direction 1) as well as at least one coil to generate a magnetic flux (magnetic field excitation) such that armor and structure attract each other like a lifting magnet. This attraction force, as in “normal” lifting magnets, is called the reluctance force, the axial component of which with constant coil current in lifting magnets without impacting the performance curve decreases with the clearance length at least quadratically (if the deviation field is taken into account, the decrease is even stronger). With larger working air gaps, no large force can be generated with a conventional electromagnet for this reason in practice, but with closed working air gaps, greater holding forces can be effective between a moving part and the structure, however . In order to be able to achieve a force in the order of magnitude of the holding force of the electromagnet over the entire adjustment distance of the moving armature, an armature coil is connected with the moving armature, which is permeated by the excitation magnetic field in such a way and / or interact with it such that, at least with an open (axial) clearance LA, an additional force (Lawrence force among others) acts on the armature coil, which acts in the same direction as the reluctance force (on the armature) . In other words, with an open (axial) clearance LA, the excitation magnetic field of armature coil A closes at least partially through the radial clearance LB, which results in the fact that armature coil A is permeated with the field magnetic excitation such that an additional force acts on it. If the structure, armature and armature coil are properly designed, the armature coil will itself generate a magnetic excitation field, which is suitable for both generating the reluctance force and a lifting magnet (ie, to retain the armature. when the gap is closed), as well as to accelerate the armature based on the effect of the previously mentioned additional force with the gap open. An example for this is the linear actuator according to Fig. 1, previously described.
    Simply stated, a linear actuator according to an example of the invention comprises a (electro) lifting magnet, the armature from which it is driven (displaced) further by the force acting on the armature coil. This makes it possible to provide great forces at the beginning of the adjustment distance in a simple way. With proper dimensioning and current supply, compared to lifting magnets, high electrical efficiencies and very short switching times can be achieved.
    Fig. 2 refers to a further example of the present invention, in which the magnetic excitation field to accelerate an armature coil A and consequently armature 20 is not generated from an armature coil A alone (as with the example of Fig. 1), but in addition with the help of an excitation coil B mechanically connected with the structure. The linear actuator according to the example illustrated in Fig. 2, also comprises a pair consisting of an excitation coil B and the armature coil A. The actuator illustrated in Fig. 2 can be combined with the actuator of Fig. 1 ( see Fig. 5) or be used alone.
    According to the example of Fig. 2, the linear actuator comprises a structure 10 (stator) and an armature 20 supported on the structure that can be moved axially (i.e., along the longitudinal axis 1). An armature coil A is firmly connected to armature 20. For this purpose, armature coil A can be symmetrically wound around the longitudinal axis 1 of armature 20, if possible. An excitation coil B assigned to armature coil A is firmly connected to frame 10. This can be coaxially wound to armature coil A. During operation, armature coil A and excitation coil B are supplied with the current such that coils A, B produce opposite magnetic fields. Coils A, B are arranged next to each other in an open (end) position of the actuator (see Fig. 2a) (with the shortest possible axial distance), so that with coils that are electrically connected in series (or also in parallel), the total inductance can be comparatively low, because the axial components (ie, in the direction of movement) of the coil's magnetic fields almost overlap destructively. Coils A, B can also be arranged partially fused together (see Fig. 4, for example). The radial components of the magnetic fields overlap, causing a radial magnetic flux, which produces an effect of the force on the armature coil A. In order to obtain the most ideal overlap of the magnetic fields, the two coils A, B must produce the same magnetic magnetomotive force; this can be achieved more easily on those two coils with the same number of windings that are connected electrically in series. By "radial", generally a direction is understood that it comprises a right angle in relation to the longitudinal axis of the driver (that is, it is in a right angle in relation to the movement of the direction), without restriction of whether the driver is or not designed symmetrically to the axis, radially meaning “transverse to the movement axis”, without restriction of the shape of the actuator cross section.
    In the present example in Fig. 2, the axial "clearance" LA must be understood as a space between a front face of the armature 20 and a corresponding front face of the structure 10, and in the current case it does not represent a gap in the magnetic circuit. In the current structural design of the actuator, the armature 20 is not against the structure 10 if the opening is closed (LA = 0), and therefore no holding force FH is effective between the armature 20 and the structure 10 in the (end) position. ) closed. Strictly speaking, the “gap” LA does not involve a gap in a magnetic circuit, since the structure is open on the side of the face. With structures where the structure is closed on the face side, the clearance LA is also a clearance of a magnetic circuit, and a corresponding holding force can be generated to keep the armature in the closed end position. An example of this type is shown in Fig. 3 and 4, for example. Fig. 2b illustrates the same driver as in Fig. 2a, but with a smaller axial “clearance” LA and a radial clearance LB with a larger cross-sectional surface between the coils A, B, than in Fig. 2a. the example in Fig. 2, there remains a radial clearance LB (that is, transversal to the longitudinal axis 1) along the longitudinal axis 1 between the coils A, B. If the current circulates through the coils A, B, a force of Repulsive reluctance acts between the excitation coil B in the armature coil A, because when the axial distance of the coils A, B increases, the effective cross section of the radial clearance LB also becomes larger and consequently the total inductance of the driver arrangement increases. With increasing distance, the reciprocal compensation of the inductances of both coils fades in. Furthermore, armature coil A perceives a Lorentz force based on the component of the generated radial magnetic field produced by excitation coil B (in interaction with the magnetic field generated from armature coil A), which acts in the same direction as the reluctance force mentioned above. As already mentioned above, the component of the radial magnetic field is created by the superimposition of the excitation and armature coil fields A, B.
    A more intuitive observation originates from the magnetic pressure, with which a rough analogy to the heat engine can be produced: Let us consider the armature coil A as the piston and the magnetic field B, which is located between the coils A, B in the radial clearance LB, as the working gas with pressure B2 / (2μo), which is decompressed and performs the work in the process. In a simple approach, and if the currents are not too high, the following is applicable: with constant coil currents through armature coil A and excitation coil B, doubling the effective radial cross section of the clearance by displacing the coil of armature A results in halving the flow density in the radial clearance. However, the energy density of the magnetic field goes proportionally with B2, so that after shifting the magnetic field between the coils it contains only more than half of its energy from the original field (double the volume, a quarter of the energy density) . The energy difference can be performed as work. From this figure it is immediately clear that for a drive to be efficient, the distance between the excitation coil and the armature coil B, A at the beginning of the regulation distance must be as small as possible, because with higher compression, the heat engines also become more efficient.
    When the end of the regulation distance has been reached, any remaining magnetic field energy could be used according to known electrical circuits, for example, to charge a capacitor or directly one of all the several additional coils, in particular coils of attraction (when seen in general as a heat engine, such a circuit is similar to use the residual energy by a turbocharger).
    A little less picturesque than the analogy with a heat engine described above, but more physically accurate is the visualization of the magnetic pressure gradient ("magnetic tension force"), which has the form (B ^ V) B / μo and has the dimension Nm-3. As a result of this pressure gradient, in addition to the Lorentz force, a force acts between the coils A, B such that the pressure gradient becomes smaller, which corresponds to “straighten,” and consequently shorten the magnetic lines of the flow. The work performed by this force originates from the magnetic field itself, as opposed to the Lorentz force, which is transmitted merely through the magnetic field. In contrast to the reluctance force on electromagnets, the "magnetic tension force" does not act in parallel, but is anti-radial to the flow lines ("straightening" the flow lines).
    Fig. 3 shows an exemplary modality very similar to the example of Fig. 2, in which with the axial clearance closed LA (see Fig. 3b) the reinforcement 20 can be retained in the structure 10 as a lifting magnet with the help of a magnetic holding force FH. For this purpose, frame 10 has a shoulder on its front face, against which a corresponding face of the armature abuts if the gap LA is closed. In the simplest case (that is, without impacting the performance curve) the structure 10 has the shape of a closed hollow cylinder on one side of its face and the armature 20 as the shape of a structure 10 fitted on the hollow cylinder. But also cross sections other than those symmetrical to the axis (transversal to the longitudinal axis 1) are possible, but so are reinforcement / reinforcement counterpart systems instead of smooth front faces.
    With the exception of the example in Fig. 2, armature coil A and excitation coil B are arranged in the grooves that are arranged in each case on the surface of armature 20 and / or structure 10. In this example, the grooves normally operate peripherally to the longitudinal axis 1, for example. For this purpose, the groove in which armature coil A works may be wider than armature coil A itself, so that there is a space next to it for a material that uses slip 30, which improves the slip characteristics between the armature 20 and the structure 10. The material that uses slip 30 is a self-lubricating and electrically insulating synthetic material, for example. The groove in armature 20 may alternatively be completely filled with armature coil A (including the molding compound). From the open end position of the linear actuator (see Fig. 3a) the groove in the armature 20 is wide enough so that in the event of a small displacement of the armature, a radial gap remains between the armature coil A and the excitation coil B, similarly as in the example in Fig. 2. In this context, the term clearance should not be understood as meaning that air is actually present in the clearance, but what is particularly important is that the material in the clearance is not magnetic soft. The radial clearance LB can also be closed (just as in the example in Fig. 3b) at the end of the lift (or just before). Consequently, this leaves only an axial clearance LA (which disappears at the lifting end), which (after closing the radial clearance) due to the effect of the reluctance force (caused by the magnetic field of armature coil A and retaining coil C ) is closed and is then kept in the closed condition. Armature coil A and retaining coil C are supplied with equidirectional current for this purpose. The successive closing of the radial clearance LB is incidentally accompanied by a reluctance force when the coils A, B are supplied with the chain in opposite directions, where such force is applied on the left rear flank of the groove, seen in the direction of movement, in which armor coil A is housed, and it also contributes to closing LA.
    To increase the force in the armature 20 at the end of the adjustment distance and to ensure a high holding force FH in the closed axial clearance LA using the minimum energy consumption, an additional excitation coil C can be arranged in or on the structure 10. In the present example, the holding coil C is arranged in the same way in a groove of the structure 10, similarly as the excitation coil B. The holding coil C is not mandatory for the actuator to function. Using an appropriate arrangement, the excitation field required to produce the holding force FH can also be produced by armature coil A; in this case, the rod between the groove, in which the armature coil A is arranged, and the front face of the armature 20 must be distinctly smaller (than the corresponding length r / 2 shown in Fig. 2a), (or even zero ). The excitation field required for the holding force FH could also alternatively be generated by the permanent magnets that are arranged in the frame 10 (see the example in Fig. 5). Seen alone, the retention coil C essentially operates like the coil of a traditional electro-lifted magnet.
    The example in Fig. 4 is structured essentially identically to the example in Fig. 3. In the present example, armature coil A and excitation coil B are coaxial and in the open (end) position are arranged relative to each other at least partially, so that the coils A, B partially overlap in the axial direction. Such an arrangement may have a very low initial inductance, with coils A and B being connected in series or in parallel. In the current case, armature coil A is also arranged in a groove that runs circumferentially around armature 20. Except for the example according to Fig. 3, the armature coil is, however, distributed throughout the entire section cross-section of the groove, and no material using separate slide 30 (see Fig. 3) to form a sliding surface is provided. As can be seen in Fig. 4a (open end position of the actuator), during movement, excitation coil B will “see” a radial clearance LB for as long as excitation coil B and armature coil overlap ( in the axial direction). With the increasing displacement of armature 20 (see Fig. 4b), the groove of armature coil A also moves additionally. As soon as the grooves of the armature coil A and the excitation coil B no longer overlap (in the axial direction), the excitation coil B no longer "sees" another radial clearance LB and the field of the excitation coil B comes into contact. short circuit through armature 20 and structure 10 (see Fig. 4b). When examined in detail, this short circuit of the radial clearance LB occurs continuously, because of the local saturation of the iron. The magnetic short circuit is (almost) perfect only when the armature iron and the stator iron overlap sufficiently (approximately r / 2). Meanwhile, armature coil A reaches the sphere of influence of the additional excitation coil C (holding coil), the magnetic excitation field of which is equidirectional to the field of armature coil A and which pulls armature 20 to position end of the armature (the front face of the armature contacts the internal front face of the structure). In this end position, the armature 20 is then retained due to the field of coils A and C (holding force FH).
    As mentioned earlier, armature coil A and excitation coil B can be wound such that their inductances (due to a destructive overprint of the respective magnetic fields) in the open start position (see Fig. 3a or 4a, for example ) compensate extensively, so that the total arrangement (with coils A, B connected in parallel or in series) has a very low initial inductance, which has the advantage that very high dynamics (ie short absolute start times) can be obtained.
    Fig. 5 shows an additional modality that is structured similarly to the example in Fig. 4. With the exception of the actuator according to Fig. 4, excitation coil B and holding coil C are replaced by the corresponding permanent magnets B ' and / or C '. The permanent magnets B ', C' are arranged on or in the structure 10 such that they produce a similar magnetic field while the coils (excitation) B and / or C that are supplied with the current in the example in Fig. 4. In the case current, the permanent magnets B 'and C's are designed as part of the structure 10. But the permanent magnets can also be arranged in the grooves, as in the example of Fig. 3, which surround the interior of the structure 10 in the circumferential direction. The permanent magnets can, in addition, also be joined inside the structure (same as the excitation coil B of Fig. 2). (It is also possible to change the “roles” of the structure and armature, and join the permanent magnets in the armature and preferably join the previous armature coil in the structure.) In the example shown, the permanent magnets B ', C have the shape of a hollow cylinder. Permanent magnets can also be constructed from several individual magnets, however. In addition to the previous linear actuators, the present example shows a variant, in which a spring 50 is tensioned by the movement of the linear actuator and maintained in the tensioned condition. Even if not shown in each example, any of the modalities shown can be used to tension a spring. In addition, each of the illustrated actuators (if necessary, with a minor in the design adaptation) can keep the spring in the tensioned condition. This is possible with very low electricity consumption, or even without any energy (see Fig. 5), with all modes except the example in Fig. 2. In this way, the "spring actuators" structured very simply can be accomplished.
    The electric current is supplied to the armature coil A in such a way that (if the fields were seen individually in each case) the resulting magnetic field of the armature coil is aligned opposite the excitation magnetic field of the permanent magnet B '. As described with the previous examples, the superimposition of the magnetic fields of the armature coils A and the permanent magnet B 'results in a component of the radial field, which results in a force effect on the armature coil, which drives away from the armature coils. A and the permanent magnet B '. Consequently, in the open end position (see Fig. 5a) a force acts on the armature coil A, which, together with the reluctance force acting on the armature, is large enough over the entire adjustment distance in order to tension the (compression) spring 50 and move the armature against the spring force in the closed end position (see Fig. 5b). In the closed end position, due to the excitation field of the holding magnet C 'as well as because of the magnetic field of the armature coil A, a holding force FH acts, which keeps the armature in the closed end position and consequently maintains it the tensioned spring. If properly dimensioned, the armature can also be maintained against the force of the de-energized spring, simply because of the excitation field of the holding magnet C '. If the current supply to the armature coil A is reversed (“negative excitation”), the magnetic field of the holding magnet C 'can be compensated by the field of the armature coil A and the holding force FH on the armature 20 disappears ( and / or becomes less than the force of the spring). The spring 50 can loosen, whereby the actuator is moved again in the start position (see Fig. 5a). In addition, a Lorentz force would act on the armature coil A, but in the opposite direction than when tensioning the spring, which is towards the opening of the axial clearance, which will further accelerate the armature 20.
    In FIG. 6, a linear actuator is illustrated as an additional modality, which can essentially be considered as a combination (mechanical series connection) of the actuators illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The actuator in Fig. 6 consequently has two armature coils A1 and A2 and an excitation coil B1, the coil pair A1 and B1 corresponding to the armature coil pair A and / or the excitation coil B of the example in Fig. 2 and the armature coil (self-excited) A2 of the coil armature A of the example in Fig. 1. If the end position is closed, a holding force FH acts between the armature 20 and the structure 10 in the same way as in the example in Fig. 1. During the linear actuation procedure, when compared to the example in Fig. 1, the additional pair of coils (excitation coil B1, armature coil A1) provides an effect of the additional electromagnetic force on armature coil A1 and therefore on armature 20.
    The magnetic linear actuator according to Fig. 7 can be considered to be a combination of the modalities of Figures 1 and 3, which provides a particularly high magnetic force throughout the regulation time and can comprise a short activation time, because of the high volume-specific strength. The armature coil A2 has the same function as in the previous examples in Fig. 1 or Fig. 6. Retention coil C has the same function as in the example in Fig. 3. The coil pairs A1, B1 and A3, B3 in each case they also have the same function as coils A and / or B in the example of Fig. 3. The magnetic linear actuator according to Fig. 7 can also be seen as a mechanical series connection of the actuator according to Fig. 1 and of the actuator according to Fig. 3, compared to the actuator of Fig. 3, the pair composed of excitation coil B and armature coil A is supplied twice with the actuator according to Fig. 7. To increase the electromechanical forces with the cross-sectional surface of the driver remaining on it, it is theoretically possible that any optional number of pairs made of the armature coil and the corresponding excitation coil can be supplied. As in the example of Fig. 3, the reinforcement coils A1 and A3 do not fill the entire cross section of the associated grooves in the reinforcement 20.
    A sliding material is arranged in the grooves next to the respective armature coil A1, A3 and below the associated excitation coil B1, B2, such as a synthetic material. Said material serves to fill the groove, which influences the force characteristics on the one hand, and on the other hand the material that uses slip can serve as part of the friction bearing that is formed by the armature 20 and the structure 10.
    The armature coil A1 and the retention coil C are supplied with the current in operation such that the resulting magnetic fields are unidirectional. The armature coil A3 is supplied with a current such that its magnetic field is oriented inverted to the armature coil A1. Finally, excitation coils B1 and B3 are supplied with current such that their magnetic fields in the open start position of the actuator almost compensate for the magnetic fields of the associated armature coils A1 and A3, so that a low total conductance can be achieved . Coils B1, A1 and B3, A3 are connected in pairs in series and are forming low inductance sub-circuits. Parallel to this (or supplied separately), coils A2 and C are connected. What has been said in this regard with respect to Figures 2 to 4 applies accordingly. The axial distance of the armature coils A1 and A3 is made to measure such that in the closed end position of the armature 20, the armature coil A3 will be positioned at and directly next to the excitation coil B1. In the same way, the distance between the excitation coil B1 and the holding coil C is made in such a way that in the closed end position of the armature 20, the armature coil A1 will be resting at or close to the holding coil C. closed end position, the excitation magnetic fields of the retaining coil C as well as the armature coil A2 ensure adequate armature strength in order to retain armature 20 against a potential restoring force (eg spring force) in the structure 10.
    All modalities have in common that the armature 20 can be an axially guided soft magnetic component extended along a longitudinal axis 1 which is axially guided in the structure 10. The armature coils A, A1, A2, A3 can be countersunk in a groove that runs circumferentially along the periphery of the armature, or be wound along the circumference of the armature (see Fig. 1, 3 to 5 and 7 and 8) or can be wound along the periphery of the armature (see Fig. 2 and 6). For this purpose, the coils can be wound from an electrically isolated molded wire (with a rectangular profile, for example). The armature coils can be molded with a molding resin according to known methods, the molding resin being comprised of a powder. In this context, the powder may consist of a ceramic material, for example, a material with a high thermal conductivity, or another material with a correspondingly high thermal conductivity.
    It can generally be noted that armature 20 and structure 10 as well as excitation coils B, B1, B3 (as well as A in a self-excited case) must be configured such that the resulting magnetic excitation fields (and / or the resulting magnetic fields of excitation), can interact with (or these) armature coil A, A1, A3, will be concentrated by a corresponding geometric configuration of the magnetic circuit of the armature coil (s), being that in the open end position of the actuator , the excitation field will radially permeate the armature coils in order to achieve an effect of the axial force (as long as the coil currents circulate in the circumferential direction).
    As mentioned earlier, the magnetic field with which the armature coil A interacts, can be generated by the armature coil A itself (see Fig. 1 with an axial clearance LA, so that the secondary flow permeates and directs the armature A radially). Alternatively, the means that are considered to generate the excitation magnetic field are excitation coils B, B1, B3 (see Fig. 3) that are fixed to the structure, or corresponding permanent magnets B '(see Fig. 5) .
    The excitation coils B, B1, B3 can be larger in a radial direction (for example, larger diameter) than the corresponding armature coils A, A1, A3, so that the armature and excitation coils can be slid one in relation to another at least partially. In this context, the armature 20 and the structure 10 can slide on top of the other such that the radial air gaps are closed depending on the position of the armature (see Fig. 3 and 4). The armature coil
    Alternatively, excitation coil B can also be almost the same size (see Fig. 2 and 6). In this case, the armature coil and the associated excitation coil can be arranged directly side by side in the open end position of the actuator.
    Soft magnetic materials with polymerization of maximum possible saturation and possibly maximum high relative permeability should be used for the reinforcement and / or the structure. The electrical conductivity of the armature and structure should be as low as possible in order to keep eddy current losses low. For this purpose, similar to transformers, the material (s) for the armature and / or the structure for suppressing eddy currents can be laminated (“electric sheet / lamina”) or can consist in a composite powder material or be provided with the notches. The current source (i.e., the cable) for the armature coil (s) can be brought out through an axial hole in the armature 20.
    The current source can be provided by twisted wires or by the stuck wire. A suitable material for this purpose is beryllium bronze, for example.
    As previously mentioned, the armature coils must be connected in series or parallel with the corresponding excitation coils and be designed and arranged such that the respective magnetic fields compensate extensively at the beginning of the regulation distance, so that the inductance of the arrangement at the start of the setting distance is correspondingly low. A given axial displacement must remain between the corresponding [excitation coils], however, otherwise the actuation force disappears or changes its signal.
    The magnetic force acting on the armature 20 must be brought out of the structure 10 by means of a rod 21 (bar), in order to facilitate a mechanical coupling on additional machine elements. The actuator can be combined with a spring 50 (see Fig. 5 or spring of Fig. 8), so that you can tighten and retain these in the tight condition against the action of the spring force in an end position (ie, at the end of the adjustment distance). By switching or reducing the magnetic field responsible for retaining armature 20 in the end position, the spring driver can be released as necessary, which results in the fact that the driver recovers in the open start position. If a permanent magnet is used, the spring can be held in the tensioned position without any power. In order to release the spring actuator, the field of the permanent magnet (see magnet C 'in Fig. 5) is compensated by an opposite oriented field of a coil at least partially, so that the holding force FH becomes less than the spring force and the spring recovers in the start position. The armature 20 can, in addition, be further accelerated during recovery by means of the electromagnetic forces acting on the armature coil (s), which makes activation times even shorter possible.
    In combination with the spring, the illustrated linear actuators, the previously known spring actuators, and electric switches, for example, can advantageously be replaced (short activation times, high forces, small number of moving parts). This is particularly applicable for such drives that are equipped with coils arranged in pairs, from which in each case one is mechanically connected to the armature (armature coil) and the other is connected to the stator (excitation coil). This construction has the advantages because it is particularly suitable for highly dynamic drives.
    This configuration has the advantages because it is particularly suitable for highly dynamic drives: - at the beginning of the lift, particularly large forces can be displayed - at the start of the lift, the inductances of the conjugated coils (repelling) can be compensated extensively, which can be easily performed by the same number of windings and series connections. In comparison with traditional lifting magnets, this results in a vastly faster build-up of force (shorter downtime).
    In the embodiments of the invention disclosed in Figs. 3, 4 and 7, the mentioned advantages are associated with the disadvantages, however, which may actually represent exclusion criteria for some applications that may be economically interesting. 1. Inductance
    1.1 The desired low initial inductance can result in high current rise rates when the drives are switched, which in many semiconductor switches (for example, transistors) can result in local overheating (called hot spots). Mechanical (electro) switches can be destroyed or prematurely worn during contact vibration as a result of arcing or discharges. To safely prevent damage to the switches, they must each be oversized, which results in additional costs. Or an inductance with a closed magnetic circuit and a highly permeable core material must be connected in series with the drive (“magnetic switch protection”), which also causes costs and at the same time increases the ESR [electron rotation resonance] of the electrical circuit. 2. Internal slot
    The excitation coils fixed in the stator, which can act by repelling the (armature) coils connected to the armature, are inserted into internal grooves, for example. This arrangement (see Fig. 3, 4 and 7) is advantageous when it is important to produce a force that is as high as possible in a given radius of the armature through a particularly long lift. In addition, however, it is also affected with disadvantages: 2.1 Generally, it is not possible to do without an anterior coil for the excitation coils connected to the stator, which increases the effective (radial) clearance (LB) and increases the required drive cross section (and consequently its mass and the material used) on the one hand, and on the other hand it decreases its “constant force” (which means F = F (x, I) with F = driving force, x = lifting position and I = chain force). 2.2 With the excitation coils (stator) that are arranged in internal grooves, there is a risk in projects with long strokes that an edge of the armature collides with an edge of the stator that is inside the groove during a lifting movement. This risk must be considered in particular in view of the increasing drive game due to wear. This can be opposed, however, working with particularly high quality materials, great accuracy during manufacture and / or with comparatively large radial (parasitic) air gaps. However, these measures either require additional costs or decrease drive efficiency.
    Apart from the aforementioned disadvantages, which can be given in some modalities of our invention, there is an additional disadvantage, which affects all the modalities represented in Figures 1 to 7: The (large) forces occur in the (soft) copper. These forces must normally be absorbed by molding compounds and transferred to the stator and / or the armature. Particularly in view of the comparatively small front faces of the coils (and the smooth grooves) the technical challenges associated with them are evident to a person skilled in the art.
    All the mentioned disadvantages can be prevented by arrangements, as they are represented in Fig. 8. Fig. 8 demonstrates to us by means of an example a drive with a first armature coil wound in the armature as well as an excitation coil B (stator) and a second armature coil A1 which is assigned to this excitation coil B.
    The structure is composed of multiple soft magnetic components, this part, in which the armature is moving (structure (1)), is provided with an external groove instead of an internal one. In this groove, the excitation coil B, which is allocated to the second armature coil A1, is wound. The external groove will then be magnetically enveloped with an additional soft magnetic material, which in Fig. 8 occurs through the structure component (2).
    The illustration shows a drive in its initial lifting position, the windings are not approximate. As can be seen, the external grooves form a type of "soft magnetic bridge" in the initial position of the lift, between the overlapping coils (excitation coil B, second armature coil A1). So that it cannot enter into a repulsive interaction that does not disappear between these coils, they must naturally be supplied with the current in opposite directions. The current induces a magnetic flux "on the soft magnetic bridge," which, due to the high relative permeability of the soft magnetic work materials, produces a high initial inductance of the drive (it is advantageous to supply the reciprocally designated coils with approximately the same number of windings and to connect them in series). This high initial inductance allows the switch used to switch the drive to become completely conductive, before a large current circulates through the drive coils. This preserves the switch (see above).
    The drive starts moving when the magnetic flux has passed through “the soft magnetic bridge” in the direction of movement is saturated. It then acts like other drives according to the invention in combination with a proportional magnet (the movement of the armature shortens the magnetic lines of the force in the saturated "soft magnetic bridge" in the direction of movement).
    According to Fig. 8, the armature slides past it in a continuous tube-like entity, and there is no longer a possibility that the “edge collides with the edge.” According to Fig. 8, it is easy to keep the parasitic (radial) gap small.
    All the problems shown above are then eliminated except for the transmission of force "from copper to iron." This last problem is dealt with according to Fig. 8, by the fact that the external grooves in the armature and the stator are made or cut as (flat) wires or a plurality of additional small grooves are introduced (the grooves, for example, they are formed by a plurality of parallel rods, interrupted in the circumferential direction and functioning around the periphery). The winding yarn is completely or partially wound in these smaller grooves and / or the (flat) yarn, and is subsequently shaped as before. On the one hand, this makes it easier to distribute the force acting on the copper over the flanks of the grooves and / or the wires, and the molding compound is inventively joined with the reinforcement. On the other hand, part of the force no longer occurs as the (Lorentz) force on copper, but instead as a so-called magnetic lateral pressure on the flanks of the grooves and / or wires, and thus in a much more robust component, which is the armor itself, which usually consists of an iron alloy. In addition, the windings in the grooves / lines are pressed electromagnetically on them during operation; this effect is often used in standard rotary electrical machines. By applying known measures such as using a suitable varnished wire (in particular lacquered copper wire isolated from particular imide polyamide and the wire of the particular profile) and / or appropriate molding compound, insulation problems between the winding and “iron” can safely prevented by any specialist. As an additional measure to insulate the armature against the coils, the armature can also naturally be provided with electrically insulating layers employing known methods, such as immersion, vapor deposition, anodizing, etc. In this context, the application of insulation layers according to known measures can be limited to areas that are electrically relevant; but it is also possible to coat the entire armature, where the coating can then also serve as part of the friction bearing, which can form the armature in the frame (1), as long as no separate antinode or rod support is provided (which is formed with magnetic bearing metal, for example).
    As previously mentioned, the drives described above according to the invention are well suited in combination with the springs to replace known spring-operated mechanisms in electrical circuit breakers (such as direct drives): This is applicable for all modes. In this context, the possibility is particularly interesting to install the actuators directly in the gas compartments of high voltage circuit breakers or in the tubes (vacuum) of low and medium voltage circuit breakers. This makes it possible to dispense with complex seals (for example, rotary seals for SF6 insulated high voltage circuit breakers or metal bellows in the case of vacuum switches) and significantly reduce the number of moving parts which on the one hand is economical cost and on the other hand is beneficial for reliability. Because of the dynamics that are much higher when compared to traditional magnetic drives, they are particularly suitable for synchronized switches (that is, switching with zero current), and that even for that where the drives are traditionally arranged outside the gas compartments and / or vacuum.
    In conclusion, a switching cycle and an advantageous wiring circuit are described with reference to the drive example illustrated in Fig. 8.
    The drive has three coils, which is a first armature coil as well as an excitation coil B and a second armature coil A1 assigned to excitation coil B. Excitation coil B in the second armature coil A1 has the same number windings, for example, and is connected in series such that they generate reverse magnetic fields. For the initial actuation of the actuation, a capacitor is preferably charged and discharged through coils A1, B which are connected in series, which is while the armature is in the initial lifting position, which means that the axial working clearance that belongs to the first armature coil A is consequently opened entirely first. In this context, wrapping excitation coil B and armature coil A1 with soft magnetic material on all sides through the armature, structure (1) and structure (2) initially produces a high inductance (closed magnetic circuit) and consequently the a small initial rate of current increase. This protects the thyristor. The magnetic flux induced by excitation coil B and the second armature coil A1 soon results in partial saturation of the magnetic circuit in the area of the smaller (effective) cross-section, that is, the "soft magnetic bridge" formed by the stator (1) (in Fig. 8 designed as the flat wire of excitation coil B). For the example, two magnetic partial circuits can be imagined, one around excitation coil B and one around the second armature coil A1, that share a common path with the "soft magnetic bridge." Because of partial saturation, the magnetic circuit opens very quickly, the inductance of the series connection (A1, B) decreases rapidly, and the current increases enormously. As a result of saturation, a force is generated in the armature and the second armature coil. A1, which moves the armature against the compression spring such that the axial clearance of the magnetic circuit of the first armature coil A, an attraction coil that has not been seen before, is closed. Armature coil A can be connected with the others coils in series or in parallel, since a series connection reduces drive dynamics Armature coil A can also be supplied from another power source, or be supplied with current or from a switch / thyristor additional with some delay.When the lifting end position has been reached, the axial working clearance above the armature coil A is less than the radial clearance that is given by the height of the air coil windings mature A (approximately), and the arrangement works more and more like a conventional lifting magnet (see Fig. 1); a current through armature coil A therefore creates a holding force when the armature approaches the closed end position (not shown).
    With a sensitive design, this holding force can keep the illustrated compression spring tight. So that the drive that is driven from the compression spring does not lock behind immediately, but can be kept longer in the end position, the means must be provided to the power source to supply the current to the armature coil. Approximately. A power interruption consequently results in the operated spring reset of the drive in the initial lifting position (open end position). A drive according to Fig. 8 can obviously be additionally supplied with a retaining coil C as shown in the example in Fig. 7, so that the holding force against the spring which can be shown permanently can be approximately doubled if the drive cross section remains the same. In the vicinity of the retention coil C, the arrangement functions as a known electromagnet and / or lifting magnet, and during the design of the drive, structural methods known multiple times correspondingly for electromagnets can be used (for example, armor-armor combination component, pressure tubes, means to attenuate eddy currents, squirrel cage windings, etc.).
    权利要求:
    Claims (31)
    [0001]
    1. Electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising: a stator (10) that is at least partially made of soft magnetic material; an armature (20) which is at least partially made of soft magnetic material and which is supported on the stator (10) in such a way that the armature (20) can be moved relative to the stator (10) along a longitudinal axis ( 1), so that the armature (20) and the stator (10) are designed in such a way that there is a gap (LA) between the armature (20) and the stator (10) along the longitudinal axis (1) in a open position and that the armature (20) and the stator (10) rest against each other in a closed position so that the clearance (LA) is closed; a first armature coil (A) which is connected to the armature (20) in such a way that a force acting on the first armature coil (A) can be transmitted to the armature (20); and means for generating a magnetic excitation field (A, B, C) that is guided at least partially by the stator (10) and the armature (20) and is directed in such a way that a force acts on the first armature coil (A ) when current flows through it and this force is transmitted to the armature (20) in order to close the gap (LA), so the stator, armature and excitation magnetic field are still designed in such a way that a force of retention can take effect when the clearance (LA) between the stator (10) and the armature (20) is closed, a second armature coil (A1) that is connected to the armature (20) in such a way that a force acting on the second armature coil (A1) can be transmitted to the armature (20), whereby the means for generating the excitation magnetic field comprise, adjacent to the second armature coil (A1), an excitation coil (B1) associated with the last and mechanically connected to the stator (10), characterized by the fact that the second air coil mature (A1) and the excitation coil (B1), associated with it when they have current, generate opposing magnetic fields that are superimposed at least in the open position and thus form an excitation field with a field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, and in an open position the second armature coil (A1) and the excitation coil (B1) associated with it are arranged in an adjacent manner such that when the coils have current the field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis it interacts in such a way with the second armature coil (A1) that a force closing the gap (LA) acts on the second armature coil (A1) and; where the second armature coil (A1) and the excitation coil (B1) are connected in series, the second armature coil (A1) and the excitation coil (B1) being coaxial and at least in the open position of the actuator, a closed magnetic circuit of soft magnetic material, involving both the second armature coil (A1) and the excitation coil (B1), is formed by the stator and the armature.
    [0002]
    2. Linear actuator, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the armature (20) and the stator (10), together with the gap (LA) as the air gap, form a magnetic circuit in which the field excitation magnetic is guided; the first armature clearance (A) itself serves as a means of generating a magnetic excitation field, in which the armature clearance (A) is arranged in such a way in the armature (20) that it is located in the partially open position in the longitudinal direction adjacent to the air gap (working) (LA), being immersed in the stator (10).
    [0003]
    3. Linear actuator, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the armature (20) and the stator (10) together with the clearance (LA) as an axial (working) air gap, form a magnetic circuit in which the excitation magnetic field is guided; the first armature coil (A) itself serves as a means to generate a magnetic excitation field, in which the armature coil (A) is arranged in such a way in the armature (20) and the structure and armature are designed in such a way so that in the open position of the armature (20) the magnetic excitation field is concentrated in the radial direction transversely to the longitudinal axis and extends radially through the armature coil.
    [0004]
    4. Linear actuator, according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the armature (20) is guided along the longitudinal axis sliding in the stator (10) and in which the armature (20) has a stop in which , when the air gap (LA) is closed, a front surface of the stator (10) rests, so that an almost closed magnetic circuit is formed that guides the excitation field.
    [0005]
    Linear actuator according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the armature coil (A) is guided around the longitudinal axis of the armature (20).
    [0006]
    6. Linear actuator, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a third armature coil (A3) that is connected to the armature (20) in such a way that a force acting on the third armature coil (A3 ) can be transmitted to the armature (20), in which the means for generating the magnetic excitation field comprises in addition to the third armature coil (A3) an excitation coil (B3) associated with the last and mechanically connected to the stator (10 ), in which the third armature coil (A3) and the excitation coil (B3) associated with it generate, when they have current, opposing magnetic fields that are superimposed at least in the open position and thus form an excitation field with a field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, and in an open position the third armature coil (A3) and the excitation coil (B3) associated with it are arranged in an adjacent manner such that when the coils have corr Therefore, the field component, oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, of the excitation field of the third armature coil (A3) and the excitation coil (B3) associated with it, can interact in such a way with the third armature coil (A3 ) that a force closing the gap (LA) acts on them in the longitudinal direction.
    [0007]
    7. Linear actuator, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that in the closed position the third armature coil (A3) is located directly adjacent to or on the excitation coil (B1) associated with the second armature coil (A1 ).
    [0008]
    8. Linear actuator, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the second armature coil (A1) and the third armature coil (A3), when they have current, generate opposite magnetic fields for themselves.
    [0009]
    Linear actuator according to any one of claims 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a second armature coil (A) which is connected to the armature (20) in such a way that a force that acts on the second armature coil (A) can be transmitted to the armature, so the means for generating the excitation magnetic field comprise in addition to the second armature coil (A) at least one permanent magnet (B ') associated with the last and mechanically connected to the stator, so in an open position the second armature coil (A) and the permanent magnet (B ') associated with it are arranged in such a way that when the second armature coil (A) has current, the The magnetic field of the permanent magnet (B ') and that of the second armature coil (A) are superimposed at least in the open position and thus form an excitation field for the field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, whose field component interacts with the second coil that of armature (A) in such a way that a force closing the gap (LA) acts on the second armature coil (A) in the longitudinal direction.
    [0010]
    10. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the armature (20) and the stator (10) are designed in such a way that in the closed position the excitation field / the excitation fields pass / pass transversely to the longitudinal axis, is / are magnetically at least approximately shorted, in which the radial air gaps LB are closed.
    [0011]
    11. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the means for generating the excitation field has another excitation coil (C) which is mechanically connected to the stator (10) and which is arranged in such a way in the longitudinal direction that the armature does not only dip or partially dip in the open position for the other excitation coil (C) and in the closed position; the armature (20) serves as an iron core of the other excitation coil (C); or the armature (20) is coupled to the other excitation coil (C) in such a way that when the other excitation coil (C) has current, a holding force acts between the armature (20) and the stator (10); or the armature together with the stator magnetically short-circuits the other excitation coil (C).
    [0012]
    12. Linear actuator according to one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, characterized by the fact that the means for generating the excitation field has at least one other magnet permanent (C ') which is mechanically connected to the stator (10) and which is arranged in such a way that the other permanent magnet (C') causes a holding force between the armature (20) and the stator (10) in the closed position , so in the closed position, at least one armature coil (A) comes to rest in such a way and is magnetically coupled to the permanent magnet (C ') in such a way that the magnetic field of the permanent magnet (C') can be entirely or partially compensated by properly feeding the armature coil (A) or another coil arranged in the structure with chain so that the holding force is reduced or disappears entirely and / or a repulsive force that opens the axial clearance (working air) (LA ) can be generated between the armature coil (A) and the permanent magnet (C ').
    [0013]
    13. Electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising: a stator (10) that is at least partially made of soft magnetic material; an armature (20) which is at least partially made of soft magnetic material and which is supported on the stator (10) in such a way that the armature (20) can be moved relative to the stator (10) along a longitudinal axis ( 1), so that the armature (20) and the stator (10) are designed in such a way that there is a gap (LA) between the armature (20) and the stator (10) along the longitudinal axis (1) in a open position and that the armature (20) and the stator (10) rest against each other in a closed position so that the clearance (LA) is closed; a first armature coil (A) which is connected to the armature (20) in such a way that a force acting on the first armature coil (A) can be transmitted to the armature (20); and means for generating a magnetic excitation field (A, B, C) that is guided at least partially by the stator (10) and the armature (20) and is directed in such a way that a force acts on the first armature coil (A ) when current flows through it and this force is transmitted to the armature (20) in order to close the gap (LA), so the stator, armature and excitation magnetic field are still designed in such a way that a force of retention can take effect when the clearance (LA) between the stator (10) and the armature (20) is closed, in which the means for generating the excitation field comprises an excitation coil (B) that is associated with the last and mechanically connected to the stator, where the first armature coil (A) and the excitation coil (B), when they have current, generate opposing magnetic fields for themselves that are superimposed and, therefore, form an excitation field with a field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, and in which In an open position the first armature coil (A) and the excitation coil (B) associated with it are arranged adjacent so that when the coils are current, the field component of the excitation field, whose component is oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, it interacts with the first armature coil (A) in such a way that a force that closes the axial clearance (LA) acts in the longitudinal direction on the first armature coil (A); characterized by the fact that the first armature coil (A) and the excitation coil (B) are connected in series, the first armature coil (A) and the excitation coil (B) being coaxial and in which at least the open position of the actuator, a closed magnetic circuit of soft magnetic material, involving both the first armature coil (A) and the excitation coil (B), is formed by the stator and the armature.
    [0014]
    14. Linear actuator, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the stator (10) has a stop in which the armature (20) rests in the closed position.
    [0015]
    15. Linear actuator, according to claim 13 or 1, characterized by the fact that the means for generating the excitation field comprises another excitation coil (C) which is mechanically connected to the stator (10) and is arranged in the longitudinal direction in such a way that the armature (20) does not dip or only partially dip into the other excitation coil (C) in the open and closed position; the armature (20) serves as an iron core of the other excitation coil (C); or the armature (20) is coupled to the other excitation coil (C) in such a way that when the other excitation coil (C) has current, a holding force acts between the armature (20) and the stator (10); or the armature together with the stator, magnetically short-circuits the other excitation coil (C).
    [0016]
    16. Linear actuator, according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the first armature coil (A) rests directly adjacent to the other excitation coil (C) in the closed position.
    [0017]
    17. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 13, 14, 15 or 16, characterized by the fact that a radial air gap (LB) is present between the armature (20) and the stator (10) whose clearance air is limited in axial direction by the position of the armature coil (A) and the position of the associated excitation coil (B).
    [0018]
    18. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 13, 14 or 15, characterized by the fact that there is a radial air gap (LB) between the armature (20) and the stator (10) whose clearance is limited in the direction axial through the position of the armature coil (A) and the associated excitation coil (B), so the armature and stator are constructed in such a way that the radial air gap is magnetically shorted in the closed position.
    [0019]
    19. Linear actuator according to claim 1 or 13, characterized by the fact that the means for generating the excitation field comprises, in addition to the first armature coil (A), at least one permanent magnet (B ') associated with the last and mechanically connected to the stator, so that a first armature coil (A) and at least one permanent magnet (B ') can generate opposite magnetic fields when the armature coil has current, whose fields are superimposed in the open position and form a excitation field with a field component oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, and in which in the open position, the first armature coil (A) and the permanent magnet (B ') associated with it are arranged in such a way that when the first coil armature has current, the field component of the excitation field, whose field component is oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis, interacts with the first armature coil (A) in such a way that a force that closes the gap (LA) acts in the longitudinal direction on the first armature coil (A).
    [0020]
    20. Linear actuator, according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that it comprises another permanent magnet (C ') permanently connected to the stator (10) whose magnet generates an excitation magnetic field that is directed in such a way that when the clearance axial is closed, a magnetic holding force acts between the armature (20) and the stator (10).
    [0021]
    21. Linear actuator, according to claim 19 or 20, characterized by the fact that permanent magnets are components of the stator (10).
    [0022]
    22. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21, characterized by the fact that the armature and the excitation coil (s) (A, B) are wound in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis of the linear armature.
    [0023]
    23. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22, characterized by the fact that the armature coil (s) is / are arranged in a groove that passes around the armature (20) in the circumferential direction and / or where the ( s) excitation coil (s) is / are arranged in a groove that passes around the stator (10) in the circumferential direction.
    [0024]
    24. Linear actuator according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that at least one armature coil (A) does not completely fill the associated groove and the remaining space in the groove is filled with a material that supports friction (30), so in the case of a movement of the linear reinforcement the friction-bearing material (30) slides on an internal surface of the stator (10).
    [0025]
    25. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24, characterized by the fact that the windings of the coils are housed entirely or partially in grooves in the soft magnetic material and in this case the threads of a (flat) thread or a plurality of broken ribs, for example , parallel wefts, can serve as "grooves".
    [0026]
    26. Linear actuator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one excitation coil attached to the stator and that the stator is composed of several soft magnetic parts of which at least one is constructed as a tube in which the armature is guided, and that the excitation coil attached to the stator is wound, for example, in a groove on the outside in a stator piece built like a pipe, whose pipe has such a thin wall in the area of the winding that it can guide significantly less magnetic flux in the direction of the armature movement than the armature itself without at least partially saturating it, and that the excitation coil wrapped around the tube is surrounded with one or more other stator parts in such a way that a closed magnetic circuit is formed with the tube whose magnetic path has a general cross-section greater than the cross-section minimum cross-section of the coiled tube, and that as the current increases in the excitation coil, in the absence of the armature, first the part of the coiled tube with the excitation coil must therefore saturate.
    [0027]
    27. Linear actuator, according to claim 25, characterized by the fact that the armature is wound with an armature coil associated with the excitation coil attached to the stator, so that the minimum cross section of the armature is in the area of the armature winding. armature coil and is equal to or less than the minimum stator cross section outside the excitation coil.
    [0028]
    28. Vacuum switching tube, characterized by the fact that a drive as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27 is arranged in a vacuum of the switching tube and is used to open and / or close the electrical contact.
    [0029]
    29. High voltage electric power switch, characterized by the fact that a drive as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 or 28 is arranged in the switch's gas chamber and is used to open and / or close the electrical contact.
    [0030]
    30. High voltage electric power switch, characterized in that it comprises at least one spring loaded drive with a spring and a linear armature as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27 to tension the spring and keep the spring in state tensioned.
    [0031]
    31. Spring loaded drive, characterized by the fact that it comprises a spring and a linear armature as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27 to tension the spring and keep the spring in the tensioned state.
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    同族专利:
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    WO2012079572A2|2012-06-21|
    US20130200966A1|2013-08-08|
    BR112013008475A2|2016-08-09|
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    DE102011080065A1|2012-04-19|
    EP2628163A2|2013-08-21|
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    JP6359068B2|2018-07-18|
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    DE202011050847U1|2011-11-21|
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    CN103155058A|2013-06-12|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-07-30| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-26| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/10/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102010048447|2010-10-16|
    DE102010048447.4|2010-10-16|
    DE102010061641|2010-12-30|
    DE102010061641.9|2010-12-30|
    DE102011080065.4|2011-07-28|
    DE102011080065A|DE102011080065B4|2010-10-16|2011-07-28|Electromagnetic linear actuator|
    PCT/DE2011/075245|WO2012079572A2|2010-10-16|2011-10-06|Electromagnetic linear actuator|
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