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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A PERIPHERAL CATHETER AND PERIPHERAL CATHETER PRODUCED BY THE METHOD The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a peripheral catheter, the method comprising: providing a tubular body (714) of a predetermined diameter and wall thickness, the tubular body (714) having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen (730) extending between them, the tubular body additionally having a truncated length sufficient to access a patient's peripheral vein, the tubular body (714) comprising reinforcement material (720) which is extruded and incorporated between an inner layer and an outer layer of extruded material; form a plurality of diffusion holes (740) through the wall thickness of the tubular body (714), the diffusion holes (740) being positioned in the tubular body (714) so that the reinforcement material (720) is positioned between adjacent diffusion holes (740); and following the step of tilting the distal end of the tubular body (714), apply a lubricant to at least one of the diffusion hole (740), the slanted distal end (750) of the tubular body (714), and an external surface of the tubular body (714), wherein the reinforcement material (720) comprises a plurality of strands of reinforcement material (720). It also refers to a peripheral catheter produced by (...).
    公开号:BR112013007676B1
    申请号:R112013007676-3
    申请日:2011-09-30
    公开日:2020-06-23
    发明作者:Chad M. Adams；Chad M Adams；Jonathan Karl Burkholz；Austin Jason McKinnon；Austin Jason Mckinnon
    申请人:Becton, Dickinson And Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Fundamentals of the Invention
    The present invention generally relates to vascular infusion systems and components, including catheter assemblies and devices used with catheter assemblies. In particular, the present invention relates to systems and methods for improving the efficiency of catheter bore assembly to provide improved infusion flow rates, lower system pressures, and reduced catheter outlet jet speeds.
    Vascular access devices are used to communicate fluid with a patient's anatomy. For example, vascular access devices, such as catheters, are commonly used for fluid infusion, such as saline solution, various medications, and / or total parenteral nutrition, in a patient, drawing blood from a patient and / or monitoring various parameters of the patient's vascular system.
    A variety of clinical circumstances, including massive trauma, major surgical procedures, major or severe burns, and certain disease states, such as pancreatitis and diabetic ketoacidosis, can produce profound exhaustion of the circulatory volume. This exhaustion can be caused by the loss of real blood or by the imbalance of internal fluid. In these cynical settings, it is often necessary to infuse blood and / or other fluid quickly into a patient to avoid serious consequences.
    In addition, the ability to inject large amounts of fluid quickly may be desirable for certain other medical or diagnostic procedures. For example, some imaging procedures for diagnostic purposes use contrast media enhancement to improve injury conspicuity in an effort to increase the result of early diagnosis. These procedures require viscous contrast media that is injected by a specialized “energized injector” pump intravenously at very high flow rates, which establishes a contrast bolus or small plug of contrast media in the patient's bloodstream. which results in improved image quality.
    Energized injection procedures generate high pressures within the infusion system, thus requiring specialized vascular access devices, extension sets, media transfer set, pump syringes, and filled or bulky contrast media syringes. As the concentration (and thus the viscosity) and infusion rate of the contrast media are increased, the bolus density also increases resulting in better image quality through computed tomography (CT) attenuation. Therefore, a current trend in healthcare is to increase the bolus density of the contrast media by increasing the concentration of the contrast media and the rate at which the media is infused into the patient, all of which ultimately triggers higher system pressure requirements.
    Intravenous infusion rates can be defined as routine, generally up to 999 cubic centimeters per hour (cc / hr), or rapid, generally between about 99 cc / hr and 90,000 cc / hr (1.5 liters per minute) or more. For some diagnostic procedures using viscous contrast media, an injection rate of about 1 to 10 ml / second is necessary to ensure sufficient bolus concentration. The energized injections of the viscous media at this injection rate produce significant back pressure within the infusion system which commonly results in a failure of the infusion system components.
    Traditionally, rapid infusion therapy has resulted in the use of an interventional catheter attached to a peristaltic pump and a fluid source. A patient is infused as a tip portion of the catheter is inserted into a patient's vascular system and the pump forces fluid through the catheter into the patient's vein. Current rapid infusion therapies use a catheter and catheter tip with geometric shapes identical to those used with traditional routine infusion rates. These geometries include a tapered catheter tip so that the fluid is accelerated as the fluid moves through the tip of the catheter and exits into a patient's vascular system. This acceleration of the infused fluid is undesirable for several reasons.
    For example, the tapered catheter results in greater back pressure for the rest of the catheter set. This effect is undesirable due to limitations on the pumping capacity of the infusion pump in addition to the limited structural integrity of the components and subcomponents of the infusion system. For example, if the back pressure becomes too great, the pump's efficiency may decrease and certain seals or connections within the infusion system may fail. Additionally, acceleration of fluid at the catheter tip results in a recoil force that can cause the catheter tip to change within the patient's vein, thereby displacing the catheter and / or damaging the patient's site and / or the injection site. Fluid acceleration also increases the jet speed of the infusion element at the tip of the catheter. In some procedures, the jet of fluid can pierce the patient's vein wall, thus leading to infiltration and leakage. Not only is it uncomfortable and painful for the patient, but the infiltration can also prevent the patient from receiving the necessary therapy.
    Accordingly, the problem of the increased outlet speed of an infusion element during rapid infusion procedures remains unsolved. Thus, the present description presents systems and methods for reducing the rate of exit of an infusion element while maintaining an increased rate of infusion, as is desirable during rapid infusion procedures. Summary of the Invention
    The systems and methods of the present description have been developed in response to the problems and needs of the technique that have not yet been completely solved by the currently available infusion systems and methods. Thus, these systems and methods are developed to provide more rapid infusion procedures. safer and more efficient.
    One aspect of the present invention provides an improved vascular access device for use in combination with a vascular infusion system capable of rapidly delivering an infusion element to a patient's vascular system. The vascular access device generally includes an intravenous catheter that is configured to access a patient's vascular system. The intravenous catheter is attached to the vascular infusion system through a section of intravenous tubing. The material of the intravenous catheter can include a polymer or metallic material compatible with the infusion procedures.
    In some embodiments, a tip portion of the intravenous catheter is modified to include a plurality of diffusion holes. The tip part generally comprises a tapered profile, where the outer and inner surface of the tip taper towards the distal end of the catheter. The tapered outer surface provides a smooth transition between the narrow diameter of the opening catheter tip and the larger diameter of the catheter tubing. Thus, as the tip of the catheter is introduced into a patient's vein, the tapered outer surface facilitates easy insertion of the catheter through the access hole. The tapered inner surface is usually provided to make a contact with the outer surface of an introducing needle housed within the catheter lumen. The introducing needle is provided to create an opening into the patient's vein through which the tip of the catheter is inserted. The tapered inner surface ensures a tight seal between the inner surface of the catheter and the outer surface of the needle. Following the placement of the catheter, the insertion needle is removed.
    As an infusion element passes through the tapered portion of the inner surface, the flow of fluid from the infusion element is accelerated due to the reduced volume through the tapered tip. Thus, in some embodiments, a plurality of diffusion holes are formed through the wall thickness of the intravenous catheter in order to provide a plurality of paths through the intravenous catheter wall. Thus, as an infusion element flows through the catheter towards the tip of the catheter, a portion of the bulky flow through the catheter is deflected through the diffusion holes instead of through the main opening of the catheter tip. As such, the pressure within the infusion system is reduced compared to systems that incorporate the standard intravenous catheter. In addition, the plurality of diffusion holes reduces the jet velocity emitted from the tip of the catheter, thus allowing increased flow rates as needed by some diagnostic procedures without further damage to the vein wall.
    In some embodiments, the diffusion holes are arranged at the tip of the catheter in a skewed set so that an upstream diffusion hole is misaligned with respect to a downstream hole. As such, the fluid flow of an infusion element from a downstream diffusion hole is not disturbed by the fluid flow of an infusion element from an upstream diffusion hole. This feature provides increased flow efficiency through downstream diffusion holes.
    In some embodiments of the present invention, a first set of diffusion holes is arranged in a first annular ring in an axial portion upstream of the catheter tip. A second set of diffusion holes is additionally arranged in a second annular ring at an axial position of the catheter tip which is downstream of the first annular ring. In some embodiments, the holes in the first annular ring are skewed with respect to the holes in the second annular ring so as to be generally misaligned. In other embodiments, the holes in the first annular ring are axially skewed with respect to the holes in the second annular ring from about 15 to about 60. Finally, in some embodiments, the holes in the first annular ring are axially skewed with respect to the holes in the second annular ring by about 45.
    In some embodiments, the diffusion holes are provided through a catheter wall at a predetermined orifice angle. Specifically, the diffusion holes of the present invention include an inner wall surface that can be angled with respect to the inner surface of the catheter lumen. In some embodiments, the internal surface of a diffusion hole is oriented at an acute angle with respect to the internal surface of the catheter lumen. In other embodiments, an internal surface of the diffusion hole is oriented at an angle of about 15 to about 75 with respect to the internal surface of the catheter lumen. In some embodiments, the orifice angle of the diffusion hole is selected in order to optimize the flow efficiency through the diffusion hole, the catheter tension inside the vein, centralized positioning of the catheter tip inside the vein and pressure reduction system and peak jet speed within an infusion system.
    The present invention further includes methods for making an intravenous catheter for diffusing an infusion element. Some methods include the steps of providing an intravenous catheter and forming a plurality of holes skewed through the wall thickness of the intravenous catheter. Some methods of the present invention further include the use of laser perforation to provide the various skewed holes. Brief Description of the Various Views of the Drawings
    In order that the form in which the features and advantages described above and others of the invention are obtained is readily understood, a more particular description of the invention described briefly above will be created by reference to the specific modalities of it that are illustrated in the attached drawings. These drawings present only the typical modalities of the invention and, therefore, are not considered to limit the scope of the invention.
    Figure 1 is a perspective view of an infusion system according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of a catheter according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 3A is a perspective view of a catheter tip according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 3B is a cross-sectional side view of the catheter tip of Figure 3A according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 4A is a perspective view of a catheter tip according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 4B is a cross-sectional side view of a catheter tip according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the tip velocities at various flow rates according to the representative embodiments of the present invention; vention;
    Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the system pressures at various flow rates according to the representative embodiments of the present invention;
    Figure 7, illustrated in parts A and B, illustrates a catheter tube body having an extruded stripe material according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 8, illustrated in parts A and B, illustrates a catheter tube body having a plurality of diffusion holes according to a representative embodiment of the present invention;
    Figure 9 illustrates a catheter tube body following an inclination procedure according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention
    The currently preferred embodiments of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the drawings, where similar numerical references indicate identical or functionally similar elements. It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures presented here, can be arranged in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description, as represented by the figures, should not limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention.
    The systems and methods of the present invention are generally designed for use in combination with a vascular infusion system capable of rapidly distributing an infusion element to a patient's vascular system. Referring now to Figure 1, a vascular infusion system 100 is illustrated, according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. Infusion systems of this type are commonly configured to operate at internal pressures up to 2000 psi. Many systems operate in the 75 to 2000 psi range, while specific devices of this type operate at 100, 200 and 300 psi. The vascular infusion system 100 comprises a vascular access device 112 coupled to an injection pump 120 via a spiral extension assembly 130. In some embodiments, the infusion system 100 additionally comprises a safety device 140 positioned between the device vascular access valve 112 and the injection pump 120. In some embodiments, a safety device 140 is provided to automatically close the fluid path of the infusion system 100, thereby preventing the accumulation of excessive pressure in the downstream infusion components.
    An injection pump 120 generally comprises a fluid pumping apparatus configured to rapidly deliver an infusion element, such as blood, medications, and CT scan contrast agents to a patient's vascular system. Desirable melting elements may also include various fluids often of high viscosity as needed for medical and diagnostic procedures. In some embodiments, the injection pump 120 comprises an energized injector capable of delivering an infusion element to a patient at flow rates of about 10 ml / hour to 1200 ml / minute. In some embodiments, a high rate of infusion flow is desirable for medical procedures that require an improved bolus density of an infusion element in a patient's vascular system. For example, a trend in diagnostic imaging procedures is to use contrast media enhancement, which requires more viscous contrast media to be pushed into a patient at a higher flow rate, thus resulting in in enhanced image quality. Thus, in some embodiments, an injection pump 120 and a vascular access device 112 are selected to achieve a desired infusion flow rate in a compatible manner.
    A spiral extension set 130 generally comprises flexible or semi-flexible polymer tubing configured to deliver an infusion element from the injection pump 120 to the vascular access device 112. The extension set 130 includes a first coupler 132 for connecting the extension set 130 to a downstream device 112 or 140. Extension set 130 also includes a second coupler 134 for connecting extension set 130 to the injection pump 120. A spiral configuration of extension set 130 generally prevents unwanted folding or occlusion of the set 130 during infusion procedures. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the extension set 130 can include any configuration capable of efficiently delivering an infusion element from an injection pump 120 to the patient via a vascular access device 112. In some embodiments, the extension set 130 is coupled between a syringe and a vascular access device where an infusion element is manually injected into a patient. In other embodiments, the infusion system comprises only a syringe and a vascular access device, in accordance with the present invention.
    The vascular access device 112 generally comprises a peripheral intravenous catheter 114. A peripheral intravenous catheter 114 according to the present invention generally comprises a short or truncated catheter (usually 13 mm to 52 mm) that is inserted into a vein small peripheral. Peripheral intravenous catheters 114 are typically designed for temporary placement. The short length of the catheter 114 facilitates the convenient placement of the catheter, but makes it susceptible to premature dislocation of the vein due to the patient's movement and / or recoil forces suffered during the infusion procedures. In addition, unlike intermediate or central line peripheral catheters, the peripheral intravenous catheters 114 according to the present invention comprise a tapered catheter tip 146 to accommodate use with an introducing needle (not shown) designed to assist insertion of the catheter 114.
    An introduction needle is typically inserted through catheter 114 so that a tip of the needle extends beyond the tapered tip 146. The tapered geometry of the tapered tip 146 conforms justly to the outer surface of the introduction needle. Both the outer surface and the inner surface of tip 146 are tapered towards the distal end of catheter 114. The outer surface of tip 146 is tapered to provide a smooth transition from the smaller profile of the introducing needle to the larger profile of the outer diameter of the catheter. catheter. The insertion of the insertion needle into the patient's vein provides an opening into the vein through which the tapered tip 146 of catheter 114 is inserted. The tapered outer surface of tip 146 allows easy insertion of catheter 114 into the opening. Once peripheral intravenous catheter 114 is inserted into the patient's vein, the introducing needle (not shown) is removed from the lumen of catheter 114 to allow infusion through catheter 114.
    The tapered inner surface of tip 146 provides a secure seal between the inner surface of catheter tip 146 and the outer surface of the insertion needle (not shown). Additionally, the tapered inner surface of tip 146 causes an acceleration of the infusion element within the lumen of the catheter as the infusion element approaches and flows through the tip of catheter 146. Specific parts referring to the geometries of the tapered inner surface of the tip 146 are provided with reference to figures 3B and 4B below. Following an infusion procedure, peripheral intravenous catheter 114 is simply removed from the vein and discarded.
    A desired infusion element is typically delivered to catheter 114 through a section of intravenous tubing 116 attached to catheter 114. In some embodiments, a y 118 adapter is attached to an end of tubing 116 opposite catheter 114, allowing the catheter 114 vascular access device 112 is coupled to the rest of the vascular infusion system 100. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the possible variations and specific characteristics of the available vascular access devices 112, as commonly used in the medical and research professions. For example, in some embodiments a catheter 114 according to the present invention may include additional access points, fasteners, parallel intravenous lines, valves, couplers, insertion needles, linings and / or materials as desired to fit a specific application .
    Referring now to Figure 2, a catheter 214 is illustrated according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. Catheter 214 generally comprises a catheter adapter 218 configured to accommodate a tubular body member 220. Catheter adapter 218 additionally includes an inlet port 230 which is coupled to an intravenous tubing section 216. The intravenous tubing section 216 it is additionally coupled to the upstream infusion components, as illustrated and described with reference to figure 1 above.
    The catheter adapter 218 facilitates the delivery of an infusion element within the intervening tubing 216 to a patient through the tubular body element 220. An inner lumen of the catheter adapter 218 is in fluid communication with both an inner lumen of the tubing intravenous 216 and an internal lumen of the tubular body element 220. In some embodiments, the catheter adapter 218 additionally comprises an access port 222. Access port 222 is generally provided to allow direct access to the internal lumen of the catheter adapter 218 In some embodiments, access port 222 is accessed via a needle and syringe to deliver an infusion element to a patient via tubular body element 220. In other embodiments, an introducing needle or guide wire is inserted into the access port 222 and advanced through the inner lumen of the tubular body element 220. In some embodiments, a tip portion of the introducing needle the guide wire (not shown) extends beyond a tip portion 240 of the tubular body element 220. As such, the tip portion of the introducing needle or guide wire can provide an opening into the vascular system of a patient into which the tubular body element 220 is inserted. After placing the tubular body element 220 into the patient's vein, the introducing needle or guidewire is removed from the access port 222, thereby establishing fluid communication between the tubular body element 220, the catheter adapter 218 and intravenous tubing 216.
    In some embodiments, the tubular body member 220 comprises an intervening catheter. The intravenous catheter 220 generally comprises a flexible or semi-flexible biocompatible material, as commonly used in the art. In some embodiments, the intravenous catheter 220 comprises a polymeric material, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like. In other embodiments, the intravenous catheter 220 comprises a metallic material, such as surgical steel, titanium, cobalt steel and the like.
    The tubular body element 220 can comprise any length, where the length is selected based on the intended application of the catheter 214. For some applications, the tubular body element 220 is inserted into a peripheral vein of the patient. In other applications, the tubular body element 220 is inserted into a central patient vein. For rapid infusion applications, the tip portion 240 of the tubular body element 220 is modified to include a plurality of diffusion holes 250. The diffusion holes 250 are generally provided to divert fluid from the main flow channel through the lumen internal of the tubular body element 220. As such, the diffusion holes 250 make the jet of the infusion element effectively slow from the catheter tip 240 during the rapid infusion procedures. In addition, the plurality of diffusion holes 250 increases the accumulation area of the catheter tip opening 242 to relieve general pressure in the vascular infusion system 100.
    Referring now to Figure 3A, a distal end portion 320 of an intravenous catheter 314 is illustrated, according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. As previously discussed, an outer surface of tip 340 is tapered to provide a gradual transition from the opening of catheter 342 of tip 340 to the diameter of catheter body 314. In some modalities, tip 340 of intravenous catheters 314 is modified to include a plurality of side holes 350. Side holes 350 are generally positioned at the tapered tip 340 of catheter 314 to provide an access through which the infusion element within catheter 314 can come out. The surface area of the side holes 350 combines with the surface area of the lumen opening 342 to increase the general surface area through which an infusion element can exit from the tip 340 of the intravenous catheter 314. The side holes 350 are arranged annularly at the tip 340 of the intravenous catheter 314 in order to align the adjacent holes along a common geometric axis 360. As such, an upstream hole 356 is directly aligned with downstream holes 358.
    Referring now to Figure 3B, a cross-sectional view of the intravenous catheter 314 of Figure 3 is illustrated. As previously discussed, a portion 334 of the inner surface of tip 340 is tapered which causes an acceleration in the flow of fluid 390 through tip 340. The side holes 350 of intravenous catheter 314 are formed through the catheter wall 354 so that a inner surface 364 of each hole 350 is oriented at an angle 370 of approximately 90 with respect to an inner surface 382 of catheter lumen 380. Side holes 350 are generally positioned within the tapered portion 334 of tip 340 so that the speed the fluid flow 390 increases through the tapered part 334, the infusion element 394 can exit through the side holes 350. As the infusion element exits through the side holes 350, the fluid pressure inside the lumen 380 is reduced. In addition, as the infusion element exits through the side holes 350, the peak jet speed of the infusion element also decreases.
    The dynamic analysis of computational fluid from the 90 350 side holes reveals that only a first half 374 of each hole cross section 350 is used by the fluid flow 390. In some embodiments, a second half 376 of the cross section of the 90 side holes 350 comprises a recirculating current 392. Therefore, in some embodiments the side hole configuration of 90 350 can demonstrate approximately a 50% flow efficiency through each side hole 350.
    Referring now to Figure 4A, a distal end portion 420 of an intravenous catheter 414 is illustrated according to a representative embodiment of the present invention. Intravenous catheter 414 has been modified to include a plurality of skewed diffusion holes 450. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number and dimensions of diffusion holes 350 and 450 can vary and can be adjusted to achieve a desired flow rate, a reduction in peak jet speed, a reduction in vascular damage, and an increased bolus density. The diffusion holes 350 and 450 are generally supplied by manufacturing methods known in the art. For example, in some embodiments the plurality of diffusion holes 350 and 450 is provided with a laser perforation.
    In some embodiments, a selected set of diffusion holes 450 increases the distance between adjacent holes 450, thereby structurally reinforcing the tip 440 of intravenous catheter 414, compared to some linear hole sets. In other embodiments, a selected set of diffusion holes 450 further accelerates the infusion element from the diffusion holes 450, thereby reducing the energy required to divert the mainstream volume flow from the 490 catheter lumen into the diffusion holes 450.
    For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, the diffusion holes 450 have been arranged in a skewed configuration, as illustrated. Accordingly, an upstream hole 456 is not aligned with an adjacent downstream hole 458. Additionally, the downstream hole 458 is not aligned with an adjacent downstream hole 460. In some embodiments, the upstream hole 456 is directly aligned with the downstream hole 460 along a common geometry axis 480. In other embodiments, upstream hole 456, downstream hole 458 and downstream hole 460 are each misaligned with each other, so that none of the holes are aligned along a common geometric axis. In some embodiments, a hole upstream 456 is axially skewed with respect to a hole downstream 458 by about 15 to 60. Finally, in some embodiments, an upstream hole 456 is axially sent with respect to a downstream hole 458 by approximately 45.
    The diffusion holes 450 are arranged in an annular manner in the tapered part of the tip 440 of the intravenous catheter 414 in a skewed configuration, as previously discussed. A first annular ring 402 comprises a plurality of diffusion holes 450 forming a first ring upstream of diffusion holes. In some embodiments, the holes in the first annular ring 402 are axially spaced an equal distance from adjacent holes in the first annular ring 402. In other embodiments, an axially uneven spacing is applied to the holes in the first annular ring 402. In some embodiments modalities, a second annular ring 404 is provided downstream of the first annular ring 402, the diffusion holes of the second annular ring 404 being positioned in a skewed manner with respect to the diffusion holes of the first annular ring 402. Finally, in some embodiments, a third annular ring 406 is provided downstream of the second annular ring 404, the diffusion holes of the third annular ring 406 being positioned at an angle with respect to the diffusion holes of the second annular ring 404.
    A space 424 is provided between the adjacent holes of the first annular ring 402. In some embodiments, the space 424 is provided to accommodate the width of the downstream hole 458, so that the downstream hole 458 and the cap 424 are aligned with the along a common geometric axis (not shown). In addition, a downstream space 428 is provided to accommodate the width of an upstream hole 466, so that upstream hole 466 and downstream space 428 are aligned along a common geometric axis (not shown). The axial alignment of the upstream space 424 and the downstream hole 458 prevents the awakening effect due to the absence of a diffusion hole directly upstream of the downstream hole 458. Similarly, the axial alignment of the downstream space 428 and the upstream hole 466 prevents the awakening effect due to the absence of a diffusion hole directly downstream of the upstream hole 466.
    The skewed configuration of the first, second and third annular rings 402, 404 and 406 provides an elongated space 426 forming a space between an upstream diffusion hole 452 of the first annular ring and an axially aligned downstream diffusion hole 454 of the third ring ring 406. The length of the elongated space 426 generally provides sufficient distance between an upstream diffusion hole 452 and a downstream diffusion hole 454, so that the fluid pressure of an infusion element from the hole to upstream 452 is approximately equal to the fluid pressure of an infusion element from the downstream hole 454. In this way, the skewed configuration of the diffusion holes 450 guarantees the same flow efficiency from the upstream diffusion holes and the downstream 452 and 454.
    In some embodiments, the diffusion holes 450 are formed through the catheter wall 474 so that an inner surface 464 of each hole 450 is oriented at an angle 470 that is sharp with respect to an inner tapered surface 482 of the lumen of catheter 490, as illustrated in figure 4B. In some embodiments, the 470 angle is between about 15 and about 75. In other modalities the angle 470 is approximately 45. Examples
    To reduce the amount of contrast media required for a diagnosis, the concentration of contrast media per unit volume of blood needs to be increased by increasing the volumetric flow rate of the contrast media without increasing the catheter tip speed. The elements of the present invention achieve these necessary objectives, as demonstrated in the examples below. Example 1: Tip Jet Speed Comparison
    Jet velocities at the tip of a standard catheter exceed 2540 cm / second for a volumetric flow rate setting of 5 ml / second, which results in a large force applied to a patient's vein wall. This force is treacherous for patients with a non-ideal vein structure, increasing the likelihood of leakage or damage with increasing flow rates.
    The jet tip speeds of a standard 22 GA x 1.00 ”(V_tip Current) catheter were compared with a 22 GA x 1.00” catheter (V_tip Ex. 1-V_tip Ex. 4) modified to include a plurality of diffusion holes, as described with reference to figures 4A and 4B above. Quadruplicate samples from the modified catheter were tested at flow rates of 1 ml / second, 2 ml / second, 3 ml / second, 4 ml / second, and 5 ml / second. The peak jet velocity was then recorded for each sample and compared with the standard catheter jet velocity at each flow rate. Experience has shown that the general tip speed of the modified catheter has been reduced by 36% through the standard catheter. The results of the experiment were illustrated in figure 5. Example 2: System Pressure Comparison
    The internal pressures within an infusion system were compared between an infusion system using a standard 22 GA x 1.00 ”catheter and an infusion system using a 22 GA x 1.00” catheter (P_inj # 1 and P_inj # 2 ) modified to include a plurality of diffusion holes, as described with reference to figures 4A and 4B above.
    The system pressure was measured both within each infusion pump (PJnj Current, PJnj 1 and PJnj 2) and the internal lumen of each catheter (P-sept Cur rent, P_sept 1 and P_sept 2). The system pressure was tested and recorded at flow rates of 1 ml / second, 2 ml / second, 3 ml / second, 4 ml / second and 5 ml / second. The system pressures at each flow rate were then plotted, as shown in figure 6.
    The results of the experiments demonstrate an increase in the volumetric flow rate by reducing the system pressure by almost 30%, with the greatest reduction in pressure being illustrated within the lumen of the modified catheters. Example 3: Dynamic Computational Analysis of Fluid
    The dynamic computational analysis of fluid was conducted in a modified 22 GA X 1.00 ”standard catheter to include a plurality of diffusion holes drilled at approximately 45 with respect to the inner wall surface of the catheter. The analysis revealed an addition of 6% deviation of the bulky flow from the main current pair inside diffusion holes, compared to a standard 22 GA X 1.00 ”catheter having a plurality of diffusion holes drilled at 90 with relation to the internal wall surface of the catheter. The analysis further revealed a significant increase in fluid flow 492 through the cross-section of the diffusion hole 450, compared to the straight holes of the standard catheter. While the diffusion holes 450 of the present invention showed a light recirculating current 494, the recirculating current 494 was significantly weaker compared to the circulating current 392 of the standard catheter. A representative creation of fluid flow 492 is illustrated in figure 4B. Example 5: Catheter Stabilization and Vein Centralization
    In standard peripheral intravenous catheters, the internal lumen of the catheter tapers towards the tip of the catheter resulting in a recoil force as an infusion element accelerates through constriction. This force is similar to the force felt when holding a fire hose. Like a fire hose, the tip of the catheter under the force of compressive recoil is unstable and can oscillate violently within the vein (also known as catheter whip) causing damage to the vein, as previously discussed. If enough infusion element is rotated from the axial direction through the diffusion holes, then the recoil force will become negative and actually pull the tip of the catheter into the tension; the tensioned state of the catheter tip providing great stability for the inserted catheter. Therefore, in some embodiments the perforation angle is strategically selected to balance between the increased flow through the diffusion holes and the reduced recoil force at the catheter tip by reducing the axial direction of the infusion element flowing through the diffusion holes.
    The orifice angle additionally affects the placement of the catheter within the vein. For example, when inserted into a vein, the venous catheter usually extends through the skin and into the vein for approximately 30 minutes. As such, the tip of the venous catheter commonly contacts or rests against the inner wall of the vein opposite the catheter insertion site. As the fluid flow increases, the high jet velocity of the catheter tip is exerted directly on the internal wall of the vein. However, when the tip of the venous catheter is modified to include diffusion ports, the deflected infusion element from the diffusion ports pushes the tip of the catheter away from the vein wall resulting in a centralized position of the catheter tip within of the vein. In this way, the jet velocity from the tip is directed into the fluid stream of the vein instead of into the vein wall.
    In some embodiments, a method is provided for making a peripheral catheter having a plurality of diffusion holes. Some methods provide steps by which an extruded catheter tube body 714 is first cut to a desired length, as described above and as illustrated in figure 7.
    The catheter tube body 714 comprises a continuous extrusion which is subsequently cut to a final length as determined by the type of application for which the catheter tube body 714 will be used. Plastic tubing, like the 714 catheter tube body, is manufactured by extruding the molten polymer through a matrix of the desired profile shape. For example, a matrix can be used to produce various shapes such as a square, circle, rectangle or triangle. Hollow sections are usually extruded by placing a pin or mandrel inside the die and in most cases positive pressure is applied to the internal cavities through the pin.
    In some embodiments, a coextrusion process is used to provide 720 extruded striped material. Coextrusion refers to the extrusion of multiple layers of material simultaneously. This type of extrusion uses two or more extruders to melt and distribute a stable volumetric yield of different molten plastics to a single extrusion head that combines the materials in the desired shape. The layer thicknesses are controlled by the relative speeds and sizes of individual extruders distributing the materials.
    The 714 catheter tube body can be produced by coextrusion where an inner and outer layer of transparent molten polymeric material is extruded through an inner and outer extruder for a single round extrusion head. A pin can also be centered inside the inner extruder to provide a lumen 730 for the catheter tube body 714. An intermediate extruder can also be positioned between the inner and outer extruders where a molten reinforcement material can be extruded and embedded between the inner and outer layers to provide the streak material 720. In some embodiments, the strip material 720 comprises a radiopaque material. In other embodiments, the strip material 720 comprises a material having a higher density than the remaining material of the catheter tube body 714.
    In some embodiments, a rotating position of the intermediate extruder is fixed, supplying the extruded strip material configured in a linear fashion 720. In other embodiments, the intermediate extruder is rotatably positioned between the internal and external extruders. As such, the intermediate extruder can rotate independently of the inner and outer extruders, thus allowing the strip material 720 to be embedded between the inner and outer layers in non-linear configurations, such as a helical configuration, as illustrated in figure 7B. Additional configurations and methods of extruding strip material 720 are taught in U.S. Patent Application No. 4,336, which is incorporated herein by reference.
    Once the catheter tube body 714 has been cut into one of the desired length, one or more diffusion holes 740 are provided through the side wall of the catheter tube body 714, as illustrated in figures 8A and 8B. The 740 diffusion holes can include any size, shape, configuration, geometry, orientation and number that may be required. Examples of various diffusion hole configurations and geometries are taught here and in U.S. Patent Application No. 804, which is incorporated herein by reference.
    In some embodiments, the addition of diffusion holes 740 can weaken the structural integrity of the catheter tube body 714. In particular, where multiple diffusion holes 740 are provided, the section of tubing material 742 interspersed between two adjacent diffusion 740 is structurally weakened and has a tendency to bend or break during catheterization. Accordingly, in some embodiments the reinforcement material 720 is positioned between adjacent diffusion holes 740, or diffusion holes 740 are positioned between opposite surfaces of the adjacent strands of reinforcement material 720, as shown in figure 8A. As such, reinforcement material 720 provides structural support and axial stiffness to weakened sections of piping material 742. Additionally, in some embodiments, the interspersed position of diffusion holes 740 promotes failure of the catheter tip cut rather than a catheter tip blowing failure mode in the event of a catastrophic peak pressure situation. This is due to the likelihood that any failure will propagate from the distal diffusion hole along the length of the catheter to the tip, rather than causing the catheter tip to separate from the catheter body.
    In some embodiments, the reinforcement material 720 comprises two or more independent wires. In some embodiments, the reinforcement material 720 comprises a single wire, where the single wire configuration provides an unobstructed section of tubing 744 sandwiched between two adjacent surfaces of reinforcement material 720 where diffusion hole 740 is positioned, as shown in figure 8B.
    Once the diffusion holes 740 have been provided, the catheter tube body 714 undergoes a tilt process, where a distal end of the catheter tube body 714 is tapered, as illustrated in figure 9. The tilt process can be performed by any of the methods known in the art. Once tilted, the entire 714 catheter tube body is lubricated. In some modalities, the order of the steps in which diffusion holes 740 are provided before tilting the catheter tube body 714 eliminates any impact on the tip of catheter 750 that may occur by drilling overlapping diffusion holes 740 to the catheter tip 750. Additionally, the order of the steps in which the diffusion holes 740 and the catheter tip 750 are provided before lubricating the catheter tube body 714 avoids any impact on the catheter lubrication material, such as discoloration or burning of the lubrication material. This order of steps additionally allows the final diffusion hole geometry to be fully lubricated and coated to minimize the impact of the diffusion hole proximal edge during insertion.
    The present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its structures, methods or other essential characteristics as widely described herein and claimed hereinafter. For example, the present method of making a peripheral catheter having a plurality of diffusion holes may include a catheter tube body that does not include extruded strip material. In addition, the systems and methods of the present invention can be implemented in products and technologies outside of infusion therapy techniques. Therefore, the modalities described should be considered in all aspects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is therefore indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the description below. All changes that fall within the meaning and equivalence range of the claims must be included in their scope.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [0001]
    Method of making a peripheral catheter, the method comprising:
    providing a tubular body (714) of a predetermined diameter and wall thickness, the tubular body (714) having a proximal end, a distal end and a lumen (730) extending between them, the tubular body additionally supporting a truncated length sufficient to access a patient's peripheral vein, the tubular body (714) comprising reinforcement material (720) which is extruded and incorporated between an inner layer and an outer layer of extruded material;
    form a plurality of diffusion holes (740) through the thickness of the tubular body (714), the diffusion holes (740) being positioned in the tubular body (714) so that the reinforcement material (720) is positioned between adjacent diffusion holes (740); and
    following the step of tilting the distal end of the tubular body (714), apply a lubricant to at least one of the diffusion hole (740), the distal distal end (750) of the tubular body (714), and an external surface of the tubular body (714),
    CHARACTERIZED by
    the reinforcement material (720) comprises a plurality of threads of reinforcement material (720).
    [0002]
    Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the reinforcement material (720) is incorporated in a non-linear configuration between the inner and outer layers.
    [0003]
    Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the reinforcement material (720) is a radiopaque material.
    [0004]
    Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the diffusion holes (740) are formed by at least one of a laser, a mechanical perforation, a matrix and a perforator.
    [0005]
    Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the step of tilting the distal end of the tubular body (714) still comprises a step of formatting the distal end of the tubular body (714) into a catheter tip (750).
    [0006]
    Method according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the non-linear configuration comprises a helical configuration.
    [0007]
    Peripheral catheter, CHARACTERIZED for being produced by the method defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103209729B|2016-03-16|
    JP2013542006A|2013-11-21|
    US20120022502A1|2012-01-26|
    ES2543696T3|2015-08-21|
    AU2011308664A1|2013-05-02|
    CN103209729A|2013-07-17|
    BR112013007676A2|2016-08-09|
    WO2012044897A1|2012-04-05|
    MX2013003673A|2013-07-03|
    CA2813227C|2018-08-07|
    EP2621577A1|2013-08-07|
    CA3009396A1|2012-04-05|
    US9364634B2|2016-06-14|
    EP2621577B1|2015-04-29|
    US10166364B2|2019-01-01|
    US20160287838A1|2016-10-06|
    CA3009396C|2020-03-24|
    CA2813227A1|2012-04-05|
    AU2011308664B2|2015-01-22|
    JP6169490B2|2017-07-26|
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    US10940290B2|2018-08-27|2021-03-09|Alcyone Lifesciences, Inc.|Fluid delivery systems and methods|
    KR102360445B1|2019-12-26|2022-02-10|인제대학교 산학협력단|A Rigidity Adjustable Catheter|
    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-09-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-12| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-06-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US38864610P| true| 2010-10-01|2010-10-01|
    US61/388.646|2010-10-01|
    US13/248,483|US9364634B2|2008-04-22|2011-09-29|Systems and methods for improving catheter hole array efficiency|
    US13/248.483|2011-09-29|
    PCT/US2011/054151|WO2012044897A1|2010-10-01|2011-09-30|Systems and methods for improving catheter hole array efficiency|
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