• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    optical switch. an optical switch (10) includes a light input (12a), a plurality of light outputs (12b) and at least one light path movable from the first position where a light communication path is formed between a light input. light (14a) and a first light output (14b) and a second position where a light communication path is formed between the light input and a plurality of light outputs. multiple light paths are configured within the switch and selectable by rotating a portion of the switch housing allowing for sequential selection of light communication paths. the switch can be used on a surgical device to control the illumination of the surgical field during a procedure.
    公开号:BR112013006659B1
    申请号:R112013006659-8
    申请日:2011-08-30
    公开日:2021-08-24
    发明作者:Ying Sutherland；Fraser William Havern Sutherland；John Targell
    申请人:Cardioprecision Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of Invention
    [001] The present invention relates to optical switches, especially those used in fiber optic cables. In addition, the optical switch finds application in various fields, including surgical light retractors, for example, which are found in the disclosure of Patent Application No. PCT/GB2009/000097. Background of the Invention
    [002] Fiber optics are used in a variety of industries including aerospace, telecommunications, lasers and medical devices. A common problem involves turning lights on or off and switching the light between paths or path combinations. A variety of solutions have been developed to fulfill these requirements including (i) beam splitters, (ii) shuttles, (iii) optical panels and (iv) panel concept variations, twisted nematic liquid crystal panel.
    [003] A beam splitter in its most common form is a cube made of two triangular prisms, which are glued together at their base using balm from Canada. The thickness of the resin layer is adjusted so that for a certain half wavelength of light incident through a "gate" ie the face of the cube is reflected and the other half is transmitted due to a frustrated total internal reflection .
    [004] A shuttle will generally include an inlet tube that moves to align with one of the outlets. A key feature of this switch is that all outputs are exclusive, so you cannot select more than one at the same time. While it is possible to create an intermediate position for the shuttle so that it shines light at two outputs, considerable light will be lost at this junction due to differences in the geometry of the input and outputs. In its current form, there is no “off” position. If it were necessary to separate from a light source itself, it would be either having to separate, or including a model switch position.
    [005] Common panel mechanisms include a reed, which can be inserted into a light path to block light transmission or rotated out of the light path to allow transmission. The panel can be spring loaded and attached to a conductor such as a rotating solenoid so that the reed moves to the energized position when it receives an operating voltage and returns to its rest position when the voltage is removed. Alternatively, manual operation of the panel is possible.
    [006] The panel mechanism depends entirely on a simple mechanical beam blocking effect. It is inefficient when this light is “lost”. Also, “lost” light can be converted to heat, which is undesirable in some applications. An excessive local build-up of heat can lead to burning of surgical device applications where the device is in contact with the patient or user.
    [007] Liquid crystal displays provide another type of panel: the twisted nematic liquid crystal panel.
    [008] The twisted nematic effect (TN-effect) is the advancement that made liquid crystal displays practical in portable devices and allowed them to replace technologies such as light emitting diodes and electroluminescence of most electronics.
    [009] TN-cells do not require a current to flow for operation and use low operating voltages compatible for use with batteries. The twisted nematic effect is based on the precise controlled realignment of liquid crystal molecules between different ordered molecular configurations under the action of an applied electric field. This is achieved with little power consumption and at low operating voltages.
    [010] In one example, a TN-cell in the OFF state, that is, when no electric field is applied, a twisted configuration of nematic liquid crystal molecules is formed between two glass plates, which are usually separated by several spacers and coated with transparent electrodes.
    [011] The electrodes themselves are coated with alignment layers that precisely twist the liquid crystal by 90° when no expert field is present. When light first goes through the polarizer and into the liquid crystal, where it is rotated by a helical structure. The light is then properly polarized to pass through the second 90° polarizer assembly to the first. Light then passes through the back of the cell and the image appears transparent.
    [012] In the ON state, that is, when a field is applied between the two electrodes, the crystal itself realigns with the external field. This "breaks" the careful twist in the crystal and fails to reorient polarized light passing through the crystal. In this case the light is blocked by the rear polarizer and the image appears opaque.
    [013] The degree of opacity can be controlled by varying the voltage; at voltages close to the threshold only some of the crystals will be realigned, and the monitor will be partially transparent, but as the voltage is increased more crystals will be realigned until it becomes completely “switched”. A voltage of about 1 V is required to make the crystal itself align with the field, and no current passes through the crystal itself. Thus, the electrical energy required for that action is very low.
    [014] The obvious advantage such as TN-cell panels have is that they can be operated at very high switching speeds and with a low operating voltage. For example, a switching speed of less than 0.3 milliseconds is typical at room temperature with an applied voltage of only 10 V.
    [015] In addition, activation or switching speed can be increased through the use of higher operating voltages.
    [016] However, the technology has several limitations. Notably, for unpolarized light with a wavelength of 500nm (the approximate midpoint of the visible spectrum), light transmission does not exceed 35% in the ON position, meaning that considerable light is lost. Also, when the device is in the OFF position there is still some light transmitted. Although the amount of transmitted light is typically less than 0.5% it is not completely blocked as with the purely mechanical panel mechanism.
    [017] In addition, a long duration DC component in the voltage will stimulate impure ion immigration and an eventual device failure. Therefore, such devices have a finite usage life.
    [018] In addition, caution must be exercised in handling and cleaning as it is easy to accidentally damage the surface of the polarizer or its components by accidentally scratching, using inappropriate cleaning materials or even a simple excess of exposure to sunlight . Invention Summary
    [019] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical switch comprising an input light, a plurality of light outputs and at least one light path and such light path can be selectively moved from a first position , where a light communication path is formed between the light input and the first light output, and a second position where a light communication path is formed between the light input and a plurality of light outputs.
    [020] Preferably such a light path is selectively moveable to other positions where it allows communication between such light input and at least such other light outputs.
    [021] Preferably, there are a plurality of light paths, either separately or formed with common parts such as branched arrangements.
    [022] Preferably there are a plurality of light inputs, and more preferably such light paths are selectively moveable to other positions where it allows communication between at least one of such light inputs and at least one of such light outputs.
    [023] Preferably such a light path is selectively movable to an off position where light communication between at least one of such light inputs and all such light outputs are prevented.
    [024] Preferably such selective movement of such a light path is performed by a rotational coupling. It will be appreciated that the light path can rotate, or the light path can be static and either such light input and/or light output can rotate, or preferably there is provided a rotating mask between such light input or light output and such a path of light.
    [025] Preferably such a light path is developed within a path housing, such path housing having a rotational coupling with respect to both such light input and/or light output.
    [026] Preferably such rotational coupling is movable from the first extreme position to the second extreme position, and any point therein between, rotation beyond such two extremes being resisted by a stop mechanism. Preferably such stopping mechanism comprises a protrusion and a semicircular notch arrangement.
    [027] Preferably such rotational coupling includes a plurality of detents, such detents allow a rotation of the coupling to advance in a step-by-step and controlled model.
    [028] Preferably the sequential rotation of the rotational coupling results in a predetermined sequential selection of light communication paths being formed between one or more light inputs and one or more light outputs.
    [029] Preferably such a path casing is circular, and more preferably an outer surface of such a path casing includes one or more marks indicating the position of such a light path at different rotational steps.
    [030] Preferably such path wrap is rotatably coupled with such rotatable mask, so that rotation of the path wrap causes rotation of the rotatable mask.
    [031] The rotational coupling can be manually driven or driven in some way by motor-drive means or simply a motor. Programming means can also be included, such as a microchip or a microcomputer, so that the optical switch can be programmed to perform a sequence of different rotational steps, for uniform or non-uniform time periods.
    [032] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a light source including an optical switch according to the first aspect of the present invention.
    [033] According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a surgical retractor unit including both a light source according to the second aspect of the present invention and an optical switch according to the first aspect of the invention. Brief Description of Drawings
    [034] Reference will now be made, by way of examples only, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an isomeric view of an optical switch according to a first aspect of the present invention; Figure 2 is an isomeric view of the optical switch of Figure 1 with its housing removed; Figure 3 is an isometric view of the optical switch of Figure 1 shown mounted to a rear assembly of the retractor of a surgical retractor, in accordance with the third aspect of the present invention; Figure 4 is an isometric rear expansion view of the rear assembly of the retractor of Figure 3; Figure 5 is an isometric view of a base plate of the optical switch of Figure 1; Figures 6 & 7 are two isometric views of both sides of an optical switch plate. light path of the optical switch in figure 1; eFigures 8 & 9 are two views of an optical switch housing of figure 1. Detailed Description of Preferred Modalities
    [035] An optical switch 10 in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows the optical switch as a part of the surgical retractor component 100 in accordance with a third aspect of the present invention.
    [036] As can best be seen from Figure 4, the optical switch 10 comprises a base plate 12, a light path plate 14 and a housing 16. These three "major" components are attached together via a shaft 18 and fixing screws 20.
    [037] Baseplate 12 is generally circular, or to be more precise is a cylinder with its face diameter much larger than its height.
    [038] The base plate 12 has a number of through holes, and these holes define a light input 12a and a plurality of light outputs 12b. Although a single light input 12a is described in the present embodiment, it will be understood that a plurality of light inputs is a possibility, as is a single light output 12b, or combinations thereof.
    [039] There is a central hole in the 12c base plate that allows mounting and rotation. Another notch 12d is provided at a location on the circumference of the baseplate 12. This allows a self-orientation of the baseplate 12 when it cooperates with a corresponding feature at the rear of the retractor 104.
    [040] The light path plate 14 is generally of a similar formation to the base plate 12, being generally a circular plate, and also includes several holes running through its depth. Four of these holes define lightpath inlets 14a, where several others define lightpath outlets 14b. In addition, there is a central path hole 14c and two screw holes 14d that allow mounting and rotation.
    [041] A surface of the light path plate 14 is preferably polished, and this surface forms a rotational mating surface with the corresponding surface of the base plate 12.
    [042] On the opposite surface is a plurality of light paths 14e. The light paths 14e are composed of several strands of fiber optic cables, each forming light paths between one of the light path inputs 14a and one or more light path outputs 14b. Some light paths 14e connect from a single light path input 14a, to a single light path output 14b; while some connect from a single light path input 14a, to multiple light path outputs 14b. Collectively, light paths 14e form an array of path 14f.
    [043] Although generally circular, the light path plate 14 is effectively two semicircles of material, of two different radii: one side with smaller radius 14g and one side with larger radius 14h. The two junctions on these two sides around the circumference of the light path plate 14 meet at the stop edges 14i. Effectively, a stop notch 14j is formed around a part of the circumference of the light path plate 14.
    [044] The stop flanges 14i and the stop notch cooperate with a corresponding protrusion (not shown) on whatever member or substrate the optical switch is mounted to which limits rotation. The corresponding protrusion is mounted through the stationary notch 14j, where rotation to extend the circumference of the stationary notch 14j is allowed while the protrusion and the stopping notch 14j pass over each other. However, at both ends of the allowable rotation, the stop lips 14i interfere with the protrusion so that it still resists rotation. These rotational limits preferably correspond to OFF positions of the optical switch, ie where light entering the device is not presented with a light path to move through the optical switch 10.
    [045] The housing 16 is cup-shaped and comprises an outer surface 16a, an inner surface 16b and two housing sockets 16c. The outer surface 16a itself is composed of two different surfaces: a panel 16b and a sidewall 16e. To aid operation, ergonomically serrated grips 16f are notched on sidewall 16e. The distal edge of the sidewall 16e from panel 16d is formed in the pattern of multiple interconnecting chevrons such that a "zig-zag" pattern is formed, i.e. the relative height of the sidewall 16e outward projection panel 16d varies in a regular pattern from a minimum to a maximum.
    [046] Panel 16d includes a 16g recessed rim adjacent to the outer circumference of the panel. Inside the 16g recessed bezel are four 16h indicator buttons. The indicator buttons 16h act as gauges to determine the degree of rotation of the switch 10, and act in conjunction with some forms of corresponding indicators, in this case an arrow 102 provided on the rear retractor 104. This provides a unique passive scale, but it can be replaced with one or more active devices, such as lights or the like.
    [047] The assembly of the optical switch 10 can best be seen in figure 4. The light path plate 14 is sandwiched between the base plate 12 and the housing 16. The shaft 18 traverses through the light path plate 14 and the base plate 12, while screws 20 connect light path plate 14 to housing 16. In this way, base plate 12 and the combination of light path plate 14 and housing 16 can rotate with respect to each other.
    [048] Optical switch 10 is attached to a surgical retractor having lights, similar to that described in Patent Application No. PCT/GB2009/000097.
    [049] The surgical retractor has a main body 101 and a rear retractor 104. The rear retractor 104 is substantially a plastic component that acts as a major structural component for the surgical retractor. The rear retractor 104 includes within it a socket 106. The socket 106 is adapted to receive the optical switch 10, through the base plate 12. The side wall 106a of the socket 106 has an interconnecting chevron type profile similar to that of the wall side 16e of the housing 16. These cooperating surfaces ensure that the rotation assembly of the light path plate 14 / housing 16 (which are locked and therefore rotated together) relative to the base plate 12 / rear retractor 104 proceeds in a Step-by-step and controllable model.
    [050] The axle 18 connects through an opening 108 that passes through the rear retractor 104. The axle is retained using a spring 110 and a lock 112.
    [051] A protrusion (not shown) projects from the rear retractor 104 to limit rotation of the light path plate 14 by the mechanism described above.
    [052] Optical fibers 114 are provided which light channel outwards from the optical switch 10. The light is provided by an external light source (not shown) through a light guide (not shown) that attaches to the top of rear retractor 104. Prisms 116, 118 and lenses 120, 122 are also provided for further control of light passing into and through optical switch 10 and out of surgical retractor through optical fibers 114. 118 receives light from the external light source (not shown) and tilts 90° before entering light input 12a.
    [053] In use, light from the external source (not shown) is directed at optical switch 10, passing through baseplate 12 via a light input 12a. Optical switch 10 will have a particular configuration, defined by the relative rotation mounting of light path plate 14 / housing 16 relative to base plate 12 / rear retractor 104.
    [054] Light continues through optical switch 10 passing through a light path input 14a, in one or more light paths 14e defined as part of a set of paths 14f to light path output 14b and through one light output or 12b light outputs. Finally, light passes back through one or more optical fibers 114 and out of the device and into, for example, lighting equipment (not shown) to illuminate part of a patient (not shown). In this particular example, it will be assumed that the optical switch 10 is selected in a switching position to receive a single light input and provide a single light output, for example, providing light for a single eternal light source.
    [055] The user, who may be a surgeon or other healthcare professional in an operating room, can then rotate the light path plate 14 / housing 16 assembly relative to the base 12 / rear retractor 104 assembly for a second switching position.
    [056] In this situation, a different light path input 14a is presented to the light input 12a, and consequently the light passes within a different light path 14e defined as another part of the set of paths 14f, and within a different light path exit or exits 14b, and through a different light exit or exits 12b.
    [057] In this second example, it will be assumed that the second branch of light paths into two separate light paths in fiber optic assembly 14e, and into two light path outputs 14b, and further into two light outputs 12b. In this way, the two light beams exit through optical fibers 114 and can be channeled, for example, to two separate external light sources. In this way, the user can select to illuminate two separate parts of a patient, or simply provide a diffused light source over a large area. It will be better understood that other selections are possible, such as branching from one light source to three or more, or even from multiple light sources to a single one, or the same or different amounts of light outputs. For example, during an operation comprising three or more steps, specific light requirements can be set within three or more pre-selected selections within the optical switch. In this way, the user can start the operation with the first selection, which, for example, can provide optical illumination for a first surgical task such as entering a chest cavity, move to the second selection, which, for example, can provide a optical illumination for the second surgical task such as operating on a particular human organ or a major blood vessel within the chest cavity, and on a third selection which, for example, can provide optical illumination for a third surgical task such as operating within of a human organ or a major blood vessel.
    [058] Furthermore, the programming means can be used to allow an automatic and controlled rotation of the optical switch 10 to different switch positions in a particular programmed sequence, or there can be a remote control, a voice activation, a sensor of ambient light, or another form of control means adapted to move to different switching positions.
    [059] Although described in relation to the medical field, it will be apparent that the optical switch 10 may find application in other fields.
    [060] It should be further noted that various adjustments and reconfigurations are possible for the illustrated embodiments as described above within the scope of the invention as will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Optical switch (10) CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises a base plate (12) having a number of through holes, and a light path plate (14) including several through holes at its depth and a path assembly ( 14f) defining a plurality of light paths (14e), each light path having a light path input (14a) and at least one light path output (14b), and at least one light path (14e) is branched, wherein said light path plate (14) is selectively movable relative to base plate (12) from a first position in which a light path input (14a) receives light and communicates light to a first light path output (14b), and at least one second position wherein one light path input receives light and communicates light to at least one additional light path output (14b) or multiple light path outputs (14b).
    [0002]
    2. Optical switch, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the at least one light path (14e) branches into two separate light paths (14e).
    [0003]
    3. Optical switch, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that a light input (14a) is connected with multiple light path outputs (14b).
    [0004]
    4. Optical switch, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that there are a plurality of light path inputs (14a).
    [0005]
    5. Optical switch, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said light path plate (14) is selectively movable to an off position in which light communication between at least one of said light path inputs (14a) and all said light path outputs (14b) is prevented.
    [0006]
    6. Optical switch, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said selective movement of said light path is performed by a rotational coupling.
    [0007]
    7. Optical switch, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said rotational coupling is movable from a first extreme position to a second extreme position, and any point between them, rotation beyond said two extremes being resisted by a stop mechanism.
    [0008]
    8. Optical switch, according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said rotational coupling includes a plurality of detents, said detents allowing rotation of the rotational coupling to progress in a step-by-step and controlled model.
    [0009]
    9. Optical switch, according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that rotation of the rotational coupling sequentially results in a predetermined sequential selection of light communication paths being formed between one or more light inputs and one or more light outputs. light.
    [0010]
    10. Optical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the optical switch (10) comprises a base plate (12), a light path plate (14) and a housing (16) mounted to rotate about an axis (18), the housing (16) being cup-shaped with a scalloped sidewall edge (16e) for engaging a mating edge of a mounting socket (106).
    [0011]
    11. Optical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the optical switch comprises a generally circular light path plate (14) which has two circumferential side parts (14g, 14h) defined by different spokes to form a side of smaller radius and a side of larger radius with respect to one another, these two circumferential side parts meeting at two joints and defining stop lips (14i) configured to cooperate with a member of stop (14j) to limit the rotation range of the generally circular light path plate.
    [0012]
    12. Optical switch, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the housing (16) comprises a panel (16d) including a recessed rim (16g) adjacent to the outer circumference of the panel including mutually spaced indicator buttons (16h) which serve to determine the degree of rotation of the switch relative to a reference point beyond the housing.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP5806738B2|2015-11-10|
    CA2811715C|2015-07-28|
    CN103154793B|2016-06-01|
    US9002159B2|2015-04-07|
    CN103154793A|2013-06-12|
    US20130202251A1|2013-08-08|
    EP2619615A1|2013-07-31|
    USD724207S1|2015-03-10|
    JP2013538372A|2013-10-10|
    WO2012038714A1|2012-03-29|
    BR112013006659A2|2016-06-07|
    EP2619615B1|2016-10-12|
    AU2011306722B2|2015-02-26|
    GB201015746D0|2010-10-27|
    GB201217793D0|2012-11-14|
    GB2491779B|2013-01-23|
    GB2491779A|2012-12-12|
    CA2811715A1|2012-03-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-09| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-20| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-24| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/08/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB1015746.9|2010-09-21|
    GBGB1015746.9A|GB201015746D0|2010-09-21|2010-09-21|Optical switch|
    PCT/GB2011/051618|WO2012038714A1|2010-09-21|2011-08-30|Optical switch|
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