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    stabilizing dry storage composition for biological materials. The present invention relates to compositions and drying methods for preserving sensitive bioactive materials such as peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, antibodies, vaccines, drugs, yeasts, probiotic (or otherwise) bacteria, viruses and / or from cell suspensions in storage. The compositions include a carbohydrate component and a glass enhancer component, wherein the carbohydrate component includes a mixture of di-, aligo- and polysaccharides and the glass enhancer includes the organic acid and protein hydrolysate ions. The composition is prepared by dispersing all solid components in solution and then snap-frozen to form small frozen angles, strings or droplets. The preferred method of drying frozen angles, strings or droplets is initiated by a short purge step and stabilizing the structure of the frozen particles under a vacuum pressure of less than <0.26 kp (2000 mtorr) followed by a primary drying step under vacuum pressure of more than> 0.26 kpa (2000 mtorr) and at a desired temperature. During the secondary and final drying stages of the material, a total vacuum pressure and elevated temperature are applied to achieve a final desirable water activity of the dried material.
    公开号:BR112013003244B1
    申请号:R112013003244
    申请日:2011-08-12
    公开日:2018-07-17
    发明作者:Harel Moti；Tang Qiong
    申请人:Advanced Bionutrition Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) Title: DRY STABILIZING COMPOSITION FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION METHOD, AND ORAL CARE FORMULATION (51) Int.CI .: A23L 3/40; A23L 3/3463; 1/12 C12N; C12N 7/01 (30) Unionist Priority: 13/08/2010 US 61 / 373,711 (73) Holder (s): ADVANCED BIONUTRITION CORPORATION (72) Inventor (s): MOTI HAREL; QIONG TANG
    1/43
    Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for DRY STABILIZING COMPOSITION FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION METHOD, AND ORAL CARE FORMULATIONS.
    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS [001] This patent application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No.: 61 / 373,711 filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on August 13, 2010, the content of which is incorporated into the present invention by reference for all purposes
    BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    Field of the present invention [002] The present invention relates to the stabilization of biological materials in a dry glassy structure.
    Related Technique [003] The preservation of the structure and function of biological materials during long-term storage at high temperature and humidity is of fundamental importance for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical food industries. Sensitive biological materials such as proteins, enzymes, cells, bacteria and viruses often have to be preserved for long-term storage for later use. Simple freezing is often done when drying is harmful or inadequate or in the final product. For preservation in the dry state - freeze drying has traditionally been the most common method. Other methods, such as air drying environment, vacuum drying at room temperature (vacuum drying) or drying by contacting a fine mist of droplets with hot air (spray drying) and drying by desiccation do not are generally suitable for bioactive
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    2/43 sensitive, such as live or attenuated bacteria and viruses. The high drying temperatures used in these methods result in significant damage to the bioactive itself.
    [004] Often, the freeze drying process can result in significant loss of activity and damage to the bioactive agent due to the formation of ice crystals during the slow drying process.
    [005] Freeze drying combines the stresses due to both freezing and drying. The freezing step of this process can have undesirable effects, such as the denaturation of proteins and enzymes and the disruption of cells. Damage caused by freezing can be overcome, to a certain degree, by adding compounds or cryoprotectants to the solution. Such protective agents are, in general, highly soluble chemicals that are added to a formulation to protect cell membranes and proteins during freezing and to increase stability during storage. The most common stabilizers include sugars such as sucrose, trehalose, glycerol, or sorbitol, or in high concentrations (Morgan et al, 2006, Capela et al, 2006). Disaccharides, such as sucrose and trehalose, are natural cryoprotectants with good protective properties. Trehalose is a particularly attractive cryoprotectant because it was actually isolated from plants and living organisms that remain in a state of suspended animation during periods of drought. Trehalose has been shown to be an effective protector for a variety of biological materials, (see Crowe, JH, 1983). Several patents describe the use of trehalose, or trehalose in combination with other cryoprotective agents to protect proteins and other biological macromolecules, such as enzymes, complement serum, serum, antibodies, antigens, fluorescent proteins and vaccine components during competition. 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 5/55
    3/43 freezing, drying and rehydration (U.S. Patent No. 5,556,771). [006] However, there are some disadvantages associated with using trehalose or other disaccharides or monosaccharides as the sole cryoprotectant. Trehalose cannot adequately penetrate the cell to protect the active components within the intracellular volume, which can lead to instability during the storage of freeze-dried substances. In addition, trehalose concentrations greater than 60% by weight of a given preservation medium are sometimes necessary. An even more serious problem associated with the use of trehalose is that biological materials preserved using trehalose alone are not stable in storage for extended periods of time, especially those stored at elevated temperatures and / or in humid environments. Therefore, it remains an important challenge for the development of an optimized formulation and drying process, which minimizes drying losses by achieving adequate storage stability of the dry material.
    [007] Some of the problems associated with trehalose and the freeze drying process have been solved by a combination of certain formulations and vacuum drying in a glassy state, particularly sugar glasses (US Patent No. 6,190,701 ). In those formulations, the bioactive agent is protected inside a glassy matrix against hostile environments such as high temperatures and humidity. However, in these formulations, in the presence of water, as the humidity in the environment acts as a plasticizer and has the effect of lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the glass matrix. At the highest water content, Tg is significantly reduced as the dry formulation is in the undesirable state of rubber or plastic at room temperature.
    [008] The advantages of retention in the form of formulaPetition glass 870180039659, of 14/05/2018, p. 6/55
    4/43 tion include increasing the physical stability of the solid and reducing deleterious intermolecular reactions. A detailed discussion of the physical chemistry of water-polymer interactions as foods related to the vitreous state and transition temperatures can be found in M. Le meste, et al. 2002. However, the limitations of amorphous systems, such as physical instability and increased chemical reactivity, act as an obstacle to their extensive commercialization.
    [009] Thus, there is a need for a stabilizing composition that is useful for the wide range of biological materials. The additional need exists for a stabilizing composition, which can be used effectively in both freeze drying processes and drying processes involving the drying temperature environment. There is also a need for a composition mix that is less expensive than those currently in use. Finally, and most importantly, there is a need for a mix of composition that provides stable means of preserving biological materials for extended periods of time at elevated temperatures and varying degrees of humidity, which can be encountered during the transport and storage of materials, still maintains a significant amount of activity after rehydration.
    [0010] All of these needs are met by mixing the composition, drying methods, resulting in the preserved biological material compositions of the present invention.
    SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION [0011] The present invention relates to compositions and drying methods for preserving sensitive bioactive materials, such as peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, antibodies, vaccines, drugs, yeasts, probiotic bacteria (or otherwise), viruses and
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    5/43 / or cell suspensions, in storage.
    [0012] The composition of the present invention relates to a mixture of di-, oligo- and polysaccharide carbohydrates and ions of organic acid, preferably citric acid and / or ascorbic acid. The formulation is prepared by dispersing all the solid components in solution. The solution is frozen by means known in the art such as liquid nitrogen or dry ice, in order to form small granules, strings or droplets. Frozen beads can be stored in a deep freezer (between 30 ° C and -80 ° C) for later use in a frozen state or placed on trays in a frozen state for drying in a conventional freeze dryer. The preferred drying method is optionally initiated by a short purging step and stabilizing the structure of the frozen particles under a vacuum pressure of less than <0.26 KPa (2000 mTorr) followed by a primary drying step, under vacuum pressure of more than> 0.26 (2000mTorr) and at a desired temperature. During the final and secondary drying stage of the material, a total vacuum pressure and elevated temperature are applied, to achieve a desirable final water activity of the dry material.
    [0013] In a particular embodiment, the biological material comprises live bacteria (for example, probiotic bacteria). Examples of suitable microorganisms include, but are not limited to, yeasts such as Saccharomyces, Debaromyces, Candida, Pichia and Torulopsis, fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium and Torulopsis and bacteria such as the genus Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Melbococcus , Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Latococcus, Kocuriaw, Staphylococcus, Peptostrepococcus, Bacillus, Pediococcus, Micrococcus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, Aerococcus, Oenococcus and Latobacillus. Example 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 8/55
    6/43 specific examples of suitable probiotic microorganisms would be represented by the following species and include all culture biotypes within these species: Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Bacillus coagulans, B. lentus, B. licheniformis, B. mesentericus, B punzilus, B. subtilis, B. natto, Bateroides amylophilus, Bac. capillosus, Bac. ruminocola, Bac. suis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. animalis, B. breve, B. bifidum, B. infantil, B. lactis, B. longum, B. pseudolongum, B. thermophilum, Candida pintolepesii, Clostridium butyricunz, Enterococcus cremoris, E. diacetylactis, E faecium, E. intermedius, E. lactis, E. muntdi, E. thermophilus, Escherichia coli, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Latobacillus acidophilus, L. alimentarius, L. amylovorus, L. crispatus, L. brevis, LL case 4 curvatus, L cellobiosus, L. delbrueckii ss. bulgaricus, L farciminis, L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, L. lactis, L. plantarum, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. sakei, L. salivarius, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, P. cereviseae (damnosus), Pediococcus acidilatici, P. pentosaceus, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Prop shermanii, Saccharomyces cereviseae, Staphylococcus carnosus, Staph. xylosus, Streptococcus infantarius, Strep. ss salivarius. thermophilus, Strep. Thermophilus and Strep. lactis.
    [0014] In one embodiment, the formulation comprises a mixture of di-, oligo- and poly-saccharide carbohydrates, in which the bioactive material is incorporated. Examples of a suitable polysaccharide include, but are not limited to, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxymethyl cellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, alginic acid salts, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), methyl cellulose, loadenin, gelan gum, guar gum, acacia gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, chitosan and chitosan derivatives, collagen, polyglycolic acid, modified starches and starches. Examples of a suitable oligosaccharide include, but are not limited to, cyclodextrins, inulin, FOS, maltodextrins, dextrans, etc., and combinations Petition 870180039659, 05/14/2018, pg. 9/55
    7/43 tions of them. Examples of an appropriate disaccharide include, but are not limited to, lactose, trehalose, sucrose, etc. In a particular embodiment, the preferred polysaccharide is sodium alginate or gellan gum. Preferably, the carbohydrate mixture comprises, in weight percentage of total dry matter, 0.1 to 10% polysaccharides, 1 to 10% oligosaccharides, 10 to 90% disaccharides. In an additional embodiment, the carbohydrate mixture comprises di-, oligo- and poly-saccharides in a weight ratio of 10: 0.1 to 4: 0.1 to 2 and, more preferably, in which the weight ratio of disaccharides / oligosaccharides / polysaccharides is about 10: 0.2: 0.1 to about 10: 02: 01.
    [0015] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the polysaccharides in the carbohydrate mixture are cross-linked with bivalent metal ions in order to form a firm hydrogel.
    [0016] In another embodiment, the composition comprises significant amounts of compounds of glass items, including salts of organic acids such as lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, and the like. Salts can include cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Examples include sodium citrate, sodium lactate, sodium maleate, magnesium gluconate, sodium ascorbate, and the like. Salts with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and high solubility are preferred. The most preferred organic acid is citric acid and the salts thereof (eg sodium or potassium citrate, dehydrated trisodium citrate) and ascorbic acid and salts thereof (eg sodium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate) . The total preferred amount of ion citrate or ascorbate in the dry composition is such that the molar ratio of ions to moles of carbohydrate compounds is about 0.01 to about
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    0.3 and even more preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.2.
    [0017] Other useful glass intensifiers include proteins, protein hydrolysates, polypeptides and amino acids. These include gelatine, albumin, whey protein, soy protein, casein, caseinate, immunoglobulins, soy protein, pea protein, cottonseed protein or other food products and the milk or vegetable and / or hydrolyzate proteins of themselves. Examples of polyamino acids include polyalanine, polyarginine, polyglycine, polyglutamic acid and the like. Useful amino acids include lysine, glycine, alanine, arginine or histidine, as well as hydrophobic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, phenylalanine, etc.) and a methylamine such as betaine. The total preferred amount of proteins, protein hydrolysates and amino acids in the dry composition is about 1% to about 30% of the total carbohydrate mass and the most preferable mixture of about 5% to about 20% of the carbohydrate mass . Ideally, compounds that are generally recognized as safe compounds (GRAS) are preferred over those that are not GRAS.
    [0018] It should be noted that the appropriate amount of glass intensifiers in the composition may depend on the desired characteristics of the dry composition. The determination of the appropriate amount of glass intensifiers should be done according to the desired storage conditions. For example, a composition containing a mixture of carbohydrates and proteins or protein hydrolysates can be used for the purpose of improving the chemical stability of a biological material, while being stored under conditions of mild temperature and relative humidity, such as 25 ° C and 25% RH. Citrate ions may be preferred to include the glass intensifier to obtain the additional benefit of stabilizing the higher temperature and exposure to moisture. Alternatively, it can be the
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    9/43 In the case of a combination of citrate and / or ion ascorbate with another glass enhancer, such as proteins or protein hydrolysates, it is most preferred for composing the composition.
    [0019] The preferred process of mixing the biological material and the composition is through the addition of the total dry composition mixture of a culture or concentrate of medium solution containing biological material. The weight mass of biological material in the culture medium is typically between about 5% and 30% w / v, and more preferably between about 10% and 20% w / v of the weight in additional weight of the composition mixing in the culture medium is typically between about 10% and about 60%, and more preferably between about 20% and 40%. The final solids content in the mixed slurry is from about 20% to about 60%, and more specifically from about 30% to about 50%. Preferably, the solution is mixed at room temperature or slightly heated in order to help solubilize the materials in the viscous solution (for example, from 20 ° C to 40 ° C). In a variation of the present invention, the total amount of the carbohydrate mixture in the formulation is adjusted to achieve a formulation of desired viscosity and density that allowed for efficient drying, avoiding the formation of rubber or excessive foaming that may occur during the step drying. The viscosity of the preferred slurry is about 1000 cP to about 500,000 cP, and most preferred is the range from about 10,000 to about 300,000 cP cP. The desired viscosity and density of the final slurry can be achieved by any means known in the art, for example, by slightly adjusting the amount of polysaccharides in the carbohydrate mixture or by degassing or gas injection, such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon etc. [0020] The slurry of biological material of the present invention is
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 12/55
    10/43 typically snap-frozen at -30 ° C to -180 ° C, more preferably, the formulation is snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen by spraying, droplets or injectable in a liquid nitrogen bath. Collection of particles, granules, strings or droplets from the liquid nitrogen bath and drying in a freeze dryer or vacuum dryer, or alternatively by storing it in a freezer (between -30 ° C and -80 ° C) for later use in a frozen form or until drying.
    [0021] In general, drying process techniques that are useful include spray drying; freeze drying followed by grinding to micronize the powder; freezing on a cold surface, followed by sublimation and collection of the micronized powder; evaporative drying of an unfrozen solution in a vacuum oven or centrifugal evaporator at temperatures above the freezing temperature of the slurry (-20 to 50 ° C), followed by grinding of the desired particle size. The resulting powder particles are either glassy or crystalline internally with most of the glassy material coating on the surface. The advantage of coating the biological material with glassy materials is to increase the physical stability of the product and to reduce intermolecular deleterious reactions within the particle. In a preferred embodiment, the frozen particles are loaded onto trays and immediately transferred to a vacuum drying chamber in which the drying process yields in three main phases which include: (1) One step of the optional purge stabilization structure, short of the frozen particles under a vacuum pressure of less than <0.26 KPa (2000mTorr), (2) a primary drying step, under vacuum pressure of more than> 0.26 KPa (2000 mTorr) and at a temperature above the freezing point of the mixture, and (3) secondary step and final drying of the amorphous vitreous material under full vacuum pressure and at
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    11/43 elevated temperature for a time sufficient to reduce the water activity of the powder formulation to 0.3 or less Aw.
    [0022] The dry and biological stable composition can be used in a direct manner, as a flake, or ground into powder and sieved to an average particle size of about 10 gm to about 1000 µm. The formulation can be administered directly to an animal, including man, as a concentrated powder, such as a reconstituted liquid, (for example, from drinks), or it can be incorporated either in the form of powder or flakes for a food or food product.
    [0023] These and other advantages and features of the present invention will be described more fully in a detailed description of the preferred embodiments that follows.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0024] Figure 1 shows the acceleration stability of commercially available probiotic bacteria and probiotic bacteria in the dry composition of the present invention.
    [0025] Figure 2 shows the effect of various molar ratios between glass intensifiers and the mixture of carbohydrates on the composition on probiotic stability (L. paracasei) under accelerated storage conditions (37 ° C and 33% RH).
    [0026] Figure 3 shows the effect of the composition of the present invention on storage stability than probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus. The stability of dry probiotic bacteria was tested under accelerated storage conditions of 24 ° C and 33% RH for 537 days.
    [0027] Figure 4 shows the effect of several glass intensifying compounds on storage stability than probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus. The stability of dry probiotic bacteria was tested under accelerated storage conditions of
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    24 ° C and 43% RH for 180 days.
    [0028] Figure 5 shows the effect of various proteins of hydrolyzate / sugar proportions on the storage stability (35 ° C and 43% RH) of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis. [0029] Figure 6 shows the pH optimization for maximum stability of the probiotic L. Rhainnosus (Storage acceleration conditions at 40 ° C and 33% RH for 8 weeks).
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
    DEFINITIONS [0030] It is to be understood that the terminology used in the present invention is for the purpose of describing only the particular modalities, and is not intended to be limiting. As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms a, um and o include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the reference to a protein includes singular proteins or a combination of two or more proteins, reference to enzyme, bacteria, etc., includes singular or mixtures of various types, and the like. [0031] In the description and claims of the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below.
    [0032] The terms biological material, biological composition, or bioactive formulation refer to preparations that are in a form such as to allow the biological activity of the bioactive ingredients or agents to be unambiguously effective.
    [0033] The term glass intensifier is a chemical compound with the ability to form the amorphous or glassy structure below a critical temperature, the glass transition temperature (Tg). If a glass enhancer is dried below its Tg, the glass will be formed. However, if the glass intensifier is dried above its Tg, in
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    13/43 then the glass does not form. During the formation of the glassy structure, the biological substance can become incorporated into the glass structure. Glass intensifiers suitable for use with the present invention include, but are not limited to, salts of organic acids such as lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, and the like. Salts can include cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate and the like. Other useful glass intensifiers include proteins, protein hydrolysates, polypeptides and amino acids. The combination of glass-forming agents is also contemplated within a single composition. The process used to obtain a glassy structure for the purposes of the present invention is generally a sublimation of the solvent and / or the evaporation technique. Ideally, compounds that are GRAS compounds are preferred over those that are not GRAS.
    [0034] The term carbohydrates or polyhydroxy compound refers to saccharides mainly consisting of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. A saccharide is typically composed of a main chain of structural sugar repeating units linked in a linear or non-linear fashion, some of which contain positively or negatively charged chemical groups. Repeating units can range from two to several million. Useful saccharides include the reduction and non-reduction of sugars and sugar alcohols, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, water-soluble polysaccharides and derivatives thereof. Two monosaccharides linked together, form a disaccharide. The two monosaccharides used for the purpose of forming a disaccharide can be the same or different. Examples of disaccharides that can be used in the carbohydrate mixture of the present invention include, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose,
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    14/43 isomaltose. Sulphated disaccharides can also be used. The small number of monosaccharides linked together (typically 3 to 10) form an oligosaccharide. The monosaccharides used to form an oligosaccharide can be the same or different components of sugars. Examples of suitable oligosaccharides for use include, inulin, maltodextrins, dextrans, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and combinations thereof. Large numbers of monosaccharides linked together (typically more than 10), form a polysaccharide. The monosaccharides used to form a polysaccharide can be the same or different components of sugars. Examples of polysaccharides suitable for use include, but are not limited to, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hypromellose, soluble starches or fractions of starch, xanthan gum, guar gum, pectins, carrageenan, galactomannan, gellan gum, including any derivatives thereof, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, salts of alginic acid, hydroxypropyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), acacia gum, locust bean gum, chitosan and chitosan, collagen derivatives , polyglycolic acid, modified starches and cyclodextrins.
    [0035] A stable formulation or composition is one in which the biologically active material from them essentially retains its physical stability, chemical stability and / or biological activity after storage. Stability can be measured at a temperature and humidity condition, selected for a selected period of time. Trend analysis can be used to estimate an expected useful life before a material has actually been in storage for that period of time. For live bacteria, for example, stability is defined as the time it takes to
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    15/43 losing a log of CFU / g of dry formulation, under predefined conditions of temperature, humidity and time.
    [0036] The term viability with respect to bacteria, refers to the ability to form a colony (CFU or colony forming units) in a nutrient medium suitable for the growth of bacteria. Viability, in relation to viruses, refers to the ability to infect and reproduce in a suitable host cell, resulting in the formation of a plaque on a layer of host cells.
    [0037] The term environment or conditions at room temperature are those at any given time in a given environment. Typically, the ambient temperature of the environment is 22 to 25 ° C, at ambient atmospheric pressure, and the ambient humidity is easily measurable and will vary according to the time of year, weather and climatic conditions, altitude, etc. [0038] The term water activity or Aw, in the context of powder formulation compositions, refers to the availability of water, and represents the water energy status of a system. It is defined as the water vapor pressure above a sample divided by that of pure water at the same temperature. Pure distilled water has a water activity of exactly one or Aw = 1.0.
    [0039] The term relative humidity or HR in the context of stability during storage refers to the amount of water vapor in the air, at a given temperature. The relative humidity is generally less than that needed to saturate the air and is expressed as a percentage of saturation humidity.
    [0040] The term dry and variations thereof refer to a physical state that is dehydrated or anhydrous, liquid, that is to say substantially non-existent. It includes, for example, drying, spray drying, fluid bed drying, freeze drying and
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    16/43 vacuum drying.
    [0041] The term freeze-drying or freeze drying refers to the preparation of a dry composition in the form of rapid freezing and dehydration in the frozen state (sometimes referred to as sublimation). Freeze drying is carried out at a temperature that results in the crystallization of the polymers. This process can be carried out under vacuum, at a pressure sufficient to keep the product frozen, preferably below <0.26 KPa (2000mTorr). [0042] The term primary drying or liquid drying, with respect to the processes described in this document, refers to the drying of dehydration that occurs from the time of defrosting the frozen particles to the point where the secondary drying begins. Typically, most of the primary drying is carried out by means of extensive evaporation, while the temperature of the product has remained significantly lower than the temperatures of the heat source. This process can be carried out under vacuum, at a pressure sufficient to keep the product defrosted, preferably greater than about> 0.26 KPa (2000 mTorr). [0043] The term secondary drying, with respect to the processes described in the present invention, refers to a drying step that takes place at temperatures above freezing temperatures of the formulation and close to the temperature of the heat source. This process can be carried out under vacuum, at a pressure sufficient to reduce the water activity of a formulation, preferably less than about <0.13 KPa (1000mTorr). In a typical drying formulation process, a secondary drying step reduces the water activity of the formulation to an Aw level of 0.3 or less.
    [0044] The compositions and drying methods of the present invention solve the problem of providing a cost effective and industrially scalable form of frozen or dried formulations containing 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 19/55
    17/43 sensitive bioactive materials, such as peptides, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, antibodies, drugs, vaccines, yeast, bacteria, viruses and / or cell suspensions, with a significantly prolonged life span in the dry state. The present invention provides a drying preservation composition and method comprising a biological material surrounded by an amorphous glassy structure of highly soluble compounds. The freezing and drying process comprises: the mixture of biological material and the composition of a liquid paste, snap freezing of the said composition of the paste in liquid nitrogen in order to form droplets, strings or beads, to purge the frozen particles under high vacuum , followed by drying the bioactive material, in a sugar glass formation by evaporating the moisture under a reduced pressure regime while supplying heat to the composition.
    [0045] The present invention is based on the remarkable discovery that biological materials can be protected in the glassy structure, while retaining substantial activity. When the biological material is combined with the composition mixture and dried under vacuum, according to the present invention superior stability has been achieved during prolonged time of exposure to temperature and harsh humidity conditions. The present invention includes compositions containing a biological material, a mixture of soluble carbohydrates and glass increasing the salts of carboxylic acids. The compositions of the present invention are inherently different in their physical structure and the function of sugary non-viscous or concentrated compositions that have simply been dried under a typical drying process. For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,919,172 describes a powder composition in the form of an aerosol for pulmonary administration, which contains a mixture of different carbohydrates and sodium citrate.
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    However, the composition described in the patent does not have the additional protein compound that is essential for stability and for the formation of a desirable physical structure when drying solutions with a high sugar concentration. The composition described in this patent also lacks viscosity or hydrogel structure, which allows efficient drying of thawed or thawed solution for the formation of reinforced glass. In contrast, the composition and drying process of the present invention overcomes all of these problems simultaneously, achieving superior stability of the biological material.
    [0046] The reinforced glass structure was generally achieved in the prior art by foaming or by boiling the solution under vacuum, in order to facilitate effective drying. The foaming step generally resulted in an extensive boiling and eruption of the solution which is an inevitable consequence of drying an unfrozen solution, and as a result, only a very low loading capacity of the solution in a bottle or container can be achieved (see, for example, US Patent No. 6,534,087, in which the thickness of the final foam, the product is less than 2 mm). The drying compositions and methods of the present invention prevent foaming and boiling of the formulation by allowing for a much higher loading of drying material per zone and, as a result, can be easily sized to produce large amounts of material, without the use of vases and trays or equipment specifically designed.
    [0047] A wide variety of biological materials can be used with the composition of the present invention for the purpose of forming the aqueous preservation medium of the present invention. This preservation medium can then be subjected to the drying processes of the present invention to make a stable dry powder of material 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 21/55
    19/43 biological al. These biological materials include, without limitation: enzymes, such as pancreatic enzymes, lipases, amylases, proteases, phytase, lactate dehydrogenase; proteins, such as insulin; vaccines; viruses, such as adenovirus, cells, including prokaryotic cells (including bacteria) and eukaryotic cells, other biological materials, including drugs, nucleic acids and lipid vesicles.
    [0048] Probiotic bacteria have been shown to benefit particularly from the compositions and drying methods of the present invention. The stable dry probiotic powder is prepared according to the compositions and methods of the present invention, including fresh mixtures, frozen or dried cultures of probiotic bacteria with a mixture of carbohydrates and glass, improving the freezing compounds to viscous nitrogen formulation liquid, in order to form frozen solid drops, strings or granules, and vacuum drying initially by applying sufficient vacuum pressure to purge and stabilize the structure of the frozen particles, increasing the formulation temperature above the freezing temperature and supply of a heat source of 20 ° C and higher in order to facilitate the removal of primary water. Keeping the temperature of the formulation above the freezing point, it can be accomplished by adjusting the vacuum pressure and by conducting heat to the formulation. To complete the drying process and further reduce the water activity of the formulation below Aw of 0.3 or less, a secondary drying step is applied at maximum vacuum pressure and an elevated temperature of up to 70 ° C. Such a composition can remain stable under adverse storage conditions, such as 40 ° C and 33% RH for 60 days or more.
    Preparation of the compositions [0049] The composition for the preparation of frozen or dry powder
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    Stable 20/43 biological materials according to the present invention include a mixture of carbohydrates and glass reinforcer. These materials, when mixed with granules of preferred bioactive materials, form chains or droplets in liquid nitrogen and can be efficiently dried in a glassy amorphous structure according to the methods of the present invention and to provide large quantities of stable dry compositions for storage and administration of said bioactive material (see Figure 1 - for physical observations and water activity (Aw) of different formulation after drying). The mixture of carbohydrates provides structural stability for the formulation and / or physicochemical of the protective benefits in bioactive materials and prevents or reduces adverse effects after reconstitution or rehydration.
    [0050] The polysaccharide fraction of the carbohydrate mixture can provide the viscosity of the formulation for thickening and a better control over the density formulation properties under vacuum pressure and an increase in structural strength for the formulation of the dry compositions of the present invention. The preferred polysaccharides, in particular for living organisms, are water-soluble gums, due to their distinctive characteristic in order to form viscous gel at moderate temperatures. Gums of a certain concentration have also been found to effectively stabilize the formulation structure under vacuum, providing the proper viscosity and density for the formulation and allowing an effective drying of the formulation during the primary liquid drying step at a specific viscosity. Certain gums can also form hydrogels through cross-linking with bivalent or multivalent cations (eg alginates, pectins, chitosan) or through temperature or through changes in pH (eg gelatines, CMC, PAC, gum gelano). The solutions
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    21/43 hydrogelifieds would avoid problems associated with vacuum drying frozen solutions.
    [0051] The disaccharide fraction in a carbohydrate mixture includes various sugars and sugar alcohols. The preferred disaccharide is one that does not crystallize and / or damage or destabilize the biologically active material in the formulation, at freezing temperatures (for example, less than -20 ° C) and during water removal. For example, the bioactive material can be physically incorporated into the glass to form sugars, such as sucrose, lactose or trehalose in order to promote the retention of the molecular structure during the drying process and provide structural rigidity to the amorphous matrix, in the dry state. An appropriate disaccharide would be effective to replace the hydration water lost during drying, to prevent damage to cell membranes and denaturation of enzymes (see review by Crowe et al., 1998). Other functions of the disaccharide in the composition may include protecting the bioactive material from exposure to harmful light, oxygen, oxidizing agents and moisture. An appropriate disaccharide must readily dissolve in a solution. Trehalose is a particularly attractive protector because it is a non-reducing disaccharide found in living plants and organisms (for example, bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, such as insects and nematodes) that remain in a dormant state during periods of drought. Trehalose has been shown to be an effective protector for a variety of biological materials, including proteins and other biological macromolecules, such as enzymes, serum, antibodies, antigens and vaccine components (Sanchez et al., 1999, Intl. J. Pharm. 185, 255 to 266; Esquisabel et al, 1997, J. Microencapsulation, 14, 627 to 638). In some cases, it may be beneficial to include two or more different disaccharides, such as a mixture of sucrose and trehalose to inhibit the formation of crystals, in order to improve the stability of the
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 24/55
    22/43 powder formulation of bioactive material, under conditions of storage for prolonged periods of time and to reduce costs. [0052] The oligosaccharide fraction in the carbohydrate mixture includes inulin, maltodextrins, dextrans, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and their combinations. Oligosaccharides mitigate several problems associated with using trehalose alone as a protector for a variety of preserved biological materials. Although very effective in protecting biological material during dehydration and rehydration, trehalose alone as a stabilizer does not provide desirable storage stability, over extended periods of time, especially at elevated temperatures and / or in humid environments. This problem was solved in the present invention with the addition of oligosaccharides, preferably inulin, the carbohydrate mixture.
    [0053] The preferred mass ratio of saccharides in the carbohydrate mixture is 10: 0.1 to 4: 0.1 to 2 disaccharides / oligosaccharides / polysaccharides and, more preferably, in which the weight ratio of disaccharides / oligosaccharides / polysaccharides is about 10: 0.2: 0.1 to about 10: 02: 01. Preferably, the carbohydrate mixture comprises, in weight percent, of total dry matter, 10 to 90% fr disaccharides, 1 to 10% oligosaccharides and 0 , 1 to 10% of polysaccharides.
    [0054] The glass intensifiers of the structure of the present invention include salts of organic acids such as lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, and the like. Salts can include cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, buffer salts, phosphate buffer and the like. Examples include sodium citrate, sodium lactate, sodium maleate, gluPetition 870180039659, 05/14/2018, pg. 25/55
    23/43 magnesium conate, sodium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, buffered phosphate salts and the like. Generally, multivalent anions form glasses more easily with a higher Tg than monovalent anions. The preferred anion will have a high Tg solubility and is sufficient to inhibit crystallization and thus form a robust glassy structure. In some cases, mixtures of organic salts may be useful (for example, sodium citrate and sodium ascorbate). Sodium citrate has been found to interact with the hydroxyl groups of the sugar molecule and glue forms, through its carboxyl groups, which results in a dramatic increase in the glass transition temperature of vitrified sucrose (Kets et al., 2004. Citrate increases glass transition temperature of vitrified sucrose preparations Cryobiology, 48: 46 to 54). Sodium citrate is a common food additive stated as GRAS (21 CFR 184.1751 - sodium citrate). The additional functions of sodium citrate in the compositions are associated with its changes in buffering capacity and preventing drastic changes in the pH of the liquid medium during freezing, which can lead to the denaturation of the protein to be lyophilized.
    [0055] Other suitable glass intensifiers that are included in the composition, to further increase stability include proteins, protein hydrolysates, polypeptides and amino acids. Preferably, casein or pea and, more preferably, hydrolyzed casein or pyr protein hydrolysates, are used. The term hydrolyzed protein refers to protein that has been subjected to acid or partial or complete enzymatic hydrolysis, to obtain a protein hydrolyzate with a molecular weight of about 1 kDa and about 50 kDa. Preferably, at least 20% of the protein substrate is converted into peptides with molecular masses of 200 to 2000 daltons. Hydrolyzed protein has approximately the
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    24/43 same amino acid composition as the total protein and can be obtained from any number of commercial sources. Being hypoallergenic, the hydrolyzed protein can advantageously be used in a certain food for hyper-sensitive consumers, such as children and the elderly.
    [0056] The amount of glass intensifiers used in the composition will vary depending on the overall composition and its intended drying storage conditions. Generally, the molar ratio of glass intensifiers to total carbohydrates will be about 0.01 to about 0.3. A preferred composition comprises a molar ratio of about 0.1 to 0.2.
    [0057] A preferred composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 90% of a carbohydrate component including at least one di-, oligo- and poly-saccharides and a protein component comprising about 0.5% about 40% of a hydrolyzed protein. More preferably, the composition comprises about 30% to about 70% of the carbohydrate component and about 10% to about 40% of a glass improving component such as a hydrolyzed protein protein and carboxylic acid, wherein the component carbohydrate comprises about 10% to 90% and more preferably about 40% to 80% of a disaccharide; about 1% to about 10% and more preferably about 5% to 10% of an oligosaccharide, and about 0.1 to about 10% and more preferably about 5% to about 10% of an polysaccharide. The composition further comprises an organic acid salt, which is considered to be another glass enhancing component and comprises between about 0.5% and 20% carboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the composition.
    [0058] The solution containing the biological material and the stabilizing composition of the present invention may include a subspetition amount 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 27/55
    25/43 amount of total solids (constituents minus the solvent, such as water), from about 20% to about 60%, preferably about 30 to 50% by weight. Most of the total solids can consist of the bioactive material, the mixture of carbohydrates and the glass intensifiers. For example, the bioactive material can be present in the formulation at a concentration ranging between about 5% and 30% w / v, preferably about 10 to 20% w / v. The weight by weight of the composition mixture in the culture medium is typically between about 10% and about 60%, preferably about 20 to 40%. The viscosity of the formulations of the present invention is typically greater than 1000 centipoise (cP), more preferably, greater than 5000 cP, and more preferably greater than 10,000 cP.
    METHODS OF PREPARING STABLE FORMULATIONS
    DRY [0059] Several drying techniques can be effectively used to dry the composition. These methods, while less complicated and less expensive than vacuum freeze drying or drying, are generally more destructive to biological materials. Many biological materials are more prone to gross conformational changes and unwanted reactions when preserved using methods that take place at room temperature or higher than when the freeze drying or spray drying process is used. As a result, even when the currently known protective agents are used, the activity of many rehydrated biological materials is unsatisfactory in its own right, and significantly less than if preserved by drying at low temperatures.
    [0060] Preferred methods for preparing dry stable formulations containing bioactive materials include: (1) preparing a viscous slurry formulation by mixing biPetition material 870180039659, 05/14/2018, pg. 28/55
    26/43 active with the composition of the present invention in an aqueous solution, (2) snap freezing of the slurry formulation to form the frozen solid particles, (3) optionally, subjecting the frozen particle to high vacuum pressure to a short time to eliminate particles and stabilize their structure, (4) removing water by evaporating moisture at a temperature above the freezing temperature of the formulation, (5) continuing to reduce the water activity of the lower Aw formulation to 0.3 under full vacuum and at an elevated temperature.
    [0061] For example, a dry form of the bioactive material can be formulated in a solution or slurry containing the powder mixture of the composition. The composition mixture can be dissolved in a hot aqueous solution with low pure stirring, before cooling and mixing with the bioactive material. Bioactive material, such as viruses or cultured bacteria, can be concentrated and separated from the culture medium by means of centrifugation or filtration before re-slurring the formulation. Alternatively, all the water in the formulation is supplied in the liquid of the concentrated biological material. The slurry is kept at a temperature slightly above room temperature and the dry powder composition mixture is added slowly to the hot slurry (25 ° C to 40 ° C) containing the biological material. The slurry is stirred gently in a planetary mixer until all components are completely dispersed or dissolved and the uniform slurry is obtained.
    [0062] The viscous solution can be followed by cross-linking to form a hydrogel (depending on the properties of polysaccharides) by adding metal ions or changing the temperature or pH of the slurry and then drying according to the drying methods of the present invention. Alternatively, the slurry can be snap-frozen by freezing through a
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    27/43 nozzle, drops or injectables in dry ice or liquid nitrogen bath, with the purpose of forming solid particles or small strings of droplets or granules. Frozen solid particles can be stored in a freezer at -30 ° C to -80 ° C for later use as a stable frozen product or until drying. The preferred drying method is vacuum drying, where the temperature of the product is kept slightly above its freezing temperature. The frozen droplets or granules are placed on trays with a load capacity of about 0.1 kg / square foot to about 1.5 kg / sq feet and dried according to the method of the present invention. Preferably, the drying process is initiated by a short purging step, which allows the product to acclimatize to the initial temperature and the structure of the frozen particles to relax and stabilize the excess air and degassed. Typically, the purging step takes between 1 and 60 minutes, depending on the product's viscosity and loading into the tray. The beads or particles must remain in a frozen solid form during the entire purging step. The temperature of the product is then brought above its freezing temperature and the primary drying step, followed until all free water is evaporated from the product. Once the formulation temperature has reached the desired temperature, the heat is adjusted to maintain the temperature and the primary liquid evaporative drying step is progressed. In this step, the formulation is already defrosted and the evaporation of water accelerated, occurring without boiling or foaming. The drying process is completed with an additional secondary drying phase at maximum vacuum and high temperature.
    [0063] Typical prior art methods involve extensive foam formation and / or violent boiling splashes that can be harmful to sensitive biological agents and cause
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    28/43 difficulties for the industrial scale up to high loading capacity (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,534,087, where pressure applied in vacuum results in violent boiling and foaming). However, current compositions and methods prevent boiling or foaming of the formulation by achieving a significantly faster rate of drying and allowing a high loading capacity of the formulation. In addition, complete and efficient degassing of viscous liquid slurry is difficult and may require a long period of time. These obstacles were all solved in the present invention, using a suitable composition that allows an effective primary liquid drying that forms a glassy structure, without any boiling point and excessive foaming. The loading of frozen solid particles in a tray as opposed to slurry or viscous syrup allows the much higher loading capacity by drying in area trays has been produced according to the prior art.
    [0064] In a preferred example of the present invention, the biological material is the live probiotic concentrated culture media. The powder composition mixture preferably contains 1 to 4% sodium alginate or gelan gum, 50 to 75% trehalose, 1 to 10% inulin or FOS, 10 to 20% protein hydrolysates, such as casein, whey, soy hydrolyzate, pea or cottonseed and 1 to 10% sodium citrate or sodium ascorbate. The probiotic culture can be fresh, frozen or dried as a dry powder. The mixture is added to the composition of the probiotic concentrated culture media to bring the solids content of the solution mixture to 40 to 60% (w / w) and the pH adjusted to 6.5 to 7.5 with phosphate or citrate ions . The solution is mixed at a temperature slightly above room temperature (typically between 25 ° C -37 ° C)
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    29/43 until all components are completely dissolved. The viscous paste is dripped in liquid nitrogen, in order to form small droplets or granules which are then removed from the liquid nitrogen, packed in bags and stored in a freezer at -80 ° C until drying.
    [0065] A typical method of drying live probiotic bacteria include; spread the frozen solid beads on trays with an even layer of a load capacity between 100 to 1500 g / m 2 and the trays are placed immediately in a freeze dryer. The vacuum pressure is then applied at about * 0.13 KPa (1000 mTorr) or less and, depending on the size of the freeze dryer and the type of heat source, the shelf temperature adjusted to keep the particles from about -20 to about -30 ° C. The frozen solid beads are allowed to purge for about 1 to about 60 minutes and vacuum adjusted to between 0.26 and 1.33 KPa (2000 and 10,000 mTorr) and increased heat transfer to raise the formulation temperature to between -10 ° C and 0 ° C. These temperature and vacuum pressure conditions are maintained during the primary liquid drying step, which can last between a few hours and up to 24 hours, depending on tray loading. At some point during the primary drying process, the rate of solvent evaporation and slows down the formulation temperature begins to increase due to the over-supply of heat in the drying chamber. This point indicates the end of the main drying step in the present invention. As the solvent is carried out of the formulation, the glass forming the compounds in the solution becomes thicker and more concentrated until it stops flowing as a liquid and forms an amorphous and / or stable glassy structure.
    [0066] A secondary drying step is then followed by vacuum and the maximum formulation temperature between 30 ° C and 50 ° C. FiPetition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 32/55
    The purpose of the secondary drying step is to remove the remaining trapped or bound moisture and provide a composition that is stable in storage for an extended period of time at room temperature. The secondary drying step can take several hours and its end point is when the formulation is completely dry and its water activity is less than 0.3 Aw.
    [0067] The drying methods of the present invention result in a biologically active material that is enclosed within a glassy amorphous structure, thereby preventing the unfolding or denaturation of proteins and delaying molecular interactions or cross-reactivity, due to very mobility reduction of the compound and other molecules in the amorphous glass composition. As long as the solid amorphous structure is kept at a temperature below, its transition temperature from glass and residual moisture remains relatively low (i.e., below the Aw level of 0.5), probiotic bacteria can remain relatively stable. It should be noted that obtaining a glassy structure is not a prerequisite for long-term stability, as some biological materials can go better in a more crystalline state.
    [0068] The dry glassy structure can be used as a block, cut into desired shapes and sizes, or crushed and ground into a free-flowing powder that provides easy downstream processing such as wet or dry agglomeration, granulation, tabletting, compaction, pelletizing or any other type of delivery process. The processes for crushing, grinding, grinding or spraying are well known in the art. For example, a hammer mill, an air mill, an impact mill, in a jet mill, a pin mill, a Wiley mill, or the milling device may be similarly used. The preferred particle size is less than about 1000). Tm and preferably
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    31/43 less than 500 [0069] The compositions and methods described in the present invention stabilize the biological material and preserve its activity during a prolonged storage period at the above ambient temperature and relative humidity. For example, the compositions are tested for stability, subjecting them to a high temperature (for example, 40 ° C) and high humidity (for example, 33% RH) and the measurement of the biological activity of the formulations. As an example for live probiotic bacteria, the results of these studies demonstrate that the bacteria formulated in these compositions are stable for at least 60 days. Stability is defined as the time for a loss of log CFU / g power. Such formulations are stable even when high concentrations of biologically active material are used. In this way, these formulations are advantageous in that they can be transported and stored at temperatures equal to or above room temperature for long periods of time.
    EXAMPLES [0070] The following examples are presented to illustrate, but not to limit the claimed invention.
    Example 1
    Preparation of dry and stable composition
    Mixture of Basic Carbohydrates [0071] About 70 g of trehalose (Cargill Minneapolis, MN), about 5 g of instant inulin (Cargill Minneapolis, MN) and about 3 g of sodium alginate (ISP Corporation, Wayne, NJ ) were uniformly mixed in the dry form.
    Basic mixture of glass intensifiers [0072] About 17 g of casein hydrolysate or pea hydrolyzate (filtered ultra-hydrolysates, Marcor, Carlstadt, NJ) and 5 g of
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    32/43 sodium citrate or sodium ascorbate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were uniformly mixed in the dry form.
    Stabilization of probiotic bacteria [0073] Fresh concentrate of Latobacillus rhamnosus. (100 ml at 10% solids, directly from the fermentation harvest) was added in a mixer and maintained at 35 ° C. About 78 g of the base carbohydrate mixture and about 22 g of the glass intensifier base mixture were slowly added to the probiotic culture and mixing was carried out at 35 ° C for 10 minutes. The viscous slurry was then transferred to a container that has a perforated bottom and allowed to drip into a bath containing liquid nitrogen. The beads were then removed from the liquid nitrogen and immediately transferred to drying.
    Drying of frozen granules containing probiotic bacteria [0074] The frozen granules were spread on a tray with a load capacity of 200 feet g / sq and immediately placed on a shelf in a freeze dryer (SRC Model 25, Virtis, Gardiner, NY) . The vacuum was then adjusted to between 0.26 to 0.35 KPa (2000 to 2700 mTorr) and the shelf temperature raised to 30 ° C. These pressure and temperature adjustments were kept under vacuum for 5 hours. Optionally, the temperature of the frozen granules was acclimatized to about -20 ° C before the primary drying of liquids started by applying a vacuum pressure at about 0.13 KPa (1000 mTorr) and allowing the solid granules frozen purges for about 10 minutes. The primary drying step was followed by adjusting the vacuum pressure to between 0.26 to 0.35 KPa (2000 to 2700 mTorr) and shelf temperature raised to 30 ° C. These pressure and temperature adjustments were kept under vacuum for 5 hours. The secondary drying step was followed in a complete vacuum 0.02 to 0.026 KPa (150-200
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    33/43 mTorr) and the shelf temperature maintained between 30 ° C and 50 ° C, for an additional 3 hours. The formulation was completely dry and its water activity measured by an Awl Hygropalm instrument (Rotonic Instrument Corp, Huntington, NY.) A Aw = 0.23.
    EXAMPLE 2 [0075] Storage stability of dry probiotic bacteria [0076] Figure 1 shows the storage stability under two different accelerated storage conditions of 40 ° C and 33% RH and 30 ° C and 43% RH from stable droughts p robiotic bacteria from Example 1 and commercially available dry probiotic bacteria (Culturelle, Amerifit, Inc., Cromwell, T). Commercial probiotic bacteria completely lost their viability within the first few weeks under accelerated storage conditions, while the dry composition of the probiotic bacteria of the present invention lost only 1.18 logs after 60 days at 30 ° C and 43% RH and only 1.09 logs at 40 ° C and 33% RH.
    EXAMPLE 3 [0077] Growth-scale production of the dry and stable composition containing probiotic bacteria Latobacillus rhamnosus.
    [0078] Latobacillus rhamnosus (400 g of frozen concentrate from a commercial source) was thawed at 37 ° C in a jacketed double planetary mixer (DPM, 1 qt, Ross Engineering, Inc. Savannah, GA) and the solids content adjusted to 10% solids by weight of distilled water). About 212 g of trehalose (Cargill Minneapolis, MN), about 20 g of instant inulin (Cargill Minneapolis, MN), about 12 g of sodium alginate (ISP Corporation, Wayne, NJ), about 136 g of casein hydrolyzate (ultra-filtered hydrolysates, Marcor, Carlstadt, NJ) and about 20 g of sodium ascorbate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were uniformly mixed in the form sePetition 870180039659, 05/14/2018, p. . 36/55
    34/43 ca. The powder mixture was slowly added to the probiotic culture and mixing was carried out at 40 RPM and 37 ° C for 10 minutes. The slurry was then transferred to a container that has a perforated bottom and allowed to drain into a bath containing liquid nitrogen. The beads were then removed from the liquid nitrogen, placed in the foil sealed foil pouch and stored in a -80 ° C freezer for several weeks.
    [0079] For drying, the granules were frozen evenly distributed on trays with a load capacity ranging from 500 to 1500 g / m 2 and the trays placed on the shelves of a freeze dryer (Model 25 SRC, Virtis, Gardiner, NY). The main liquid drying step was initiated in order to adjust the vacuum pressure to between 0.26 to 0.35 KPa (2000-2700 mTorr) and elevated and stabilized product temperature between -10 and -5 ° C. Over time (about 10-16 h) the product temperature increased to about 20 to 25 ° C in height when a secondary drying step started at the maximum vacuum 0.02 to 0.026 KPa (150 to 200 mTorr ) and the product temperature was maintained between 30 to 40 ° C for an additional 14 hours. The formulation was completely dry and its water activity measured at 0.23 Aw.
    EXAMPLE 4 [0080] Growth-scale production of the dry stable composition, containing probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis.
    [0081] Bifidobacterium lactis (400 g of frozen concentrate from a commercial source) was thawed at 37 ° C in a jacketed double planetary mixer (DPM, 1 qt, Ross Engineering, Inc. Savannah, GA.). About 212 g of trehalose (Cargill Minneapolis, MN), about 20 g of instant inulin (Cargill Minneapolis, MN), about 12 g of sodium alginate (ISP Corporation, Wayne, NJ) and about 20 g of sodium ascorbate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were uniPetition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 37/55
    35/43 evenly mixed in the dry form. The powder mixture was slowly added to the probiotic culture. About 136 g of pea hydrolyzate (filtered ultra-hydrolysates, Marcor, Carlstadt, NJ) was dissolved in 80 g of distilled water and the mixture was heated briefly in a microwave or water bath at 60 ° C until complete dissolution and then cooled to about 35 ° C. The dry powder mixture and the solution containing pea protein hydrolyzate were added to the concentrate and the probiotic mixture was carried out at 40 RPM and 37 ° C for 20 minutes. The slurry was then transferred to a container that has a perforated bottom and allowed to drain into a bath containing liquid nitrogen. The beads were then removed from the liquid nitrogen, placed in the foiled sealed aluminum pouch and stored in a -80 ° C freezer for several weeks.
    [0082] For drying, the frozen beads were evenly distributed on trays with a loading capacity of 800 g / m 2 and the trays placed on the shelves of a freeze dryer (SRC Model 25, Virtis, Gardiner, NY). The main liquid drying step was started by adjusting the vacuum pressure between * 0.26 to 0.35 KPa (2000 to 2700 mTorr) and elevated and stabilized product temperature between -10 and -5 ° C. Over time (about 10 to 16 h) the temperature of the product increased to about 20 to 25 ° C at which point a secondary drying step started at the maximum vacuum 0.02 to 0.026 KPa (150 to 200 mTorr) and the product temperature was maintained between 30 to 40 ° C for an additional 14 hours. The formulation was completely dried and its water activity measured at 0.23 Aw.
    EXAMPLE 5 [0083] The preparation of a hydrogel formulation containing the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis:
    [0084] The concentrated probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis slurry is prepared according to Example 1. For the basic formulation 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 38/55
    36/43 sica, 0.5 g of dibasic calcium phosphate is added, followed by 0.5 g of gluconolatone. The slurry is allowed to harden at room temperature for the next 2 hours in order to form a solid hydrogel. The firm gel is cut into long, thin threads using a commercially available cutter / shredder. The fine lines are directly loaded onto wet trays or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and loaded onto a tray with a loading capacity of 500 ft g / sq. And placed in a freeze dryer for drying, such as described in Example 3. The water activity (Aw) of the formulation is 0.05 (measured by HygroPalm Awl, Rotonic Huntington, NY). The formulation is further dried to fine powder using standard hammer milling equipment and sieved through 50 to 250 micron screens.
    EXAMPLE 6 [0085] Optimization of the molar ratio between glass intensifiers and carbohydrate mixture [0086] Various compositions containing different molar proportions of glass intensifiers and the carbohydrate mixture were prepared according to Example 1. A culture concentrate The probiotic bacterium L. paracasei was obtained from a commercial source and prepared from a dry composition, as described in Example 1, except that the mixture was immediately loaded onto trays in a wet form, without freezing pressure and purging steps. The slurry was dried in primary and secondary phases, as described in Examples 1 and 3, except that the shelf temperature was raised to 40 ° C during the primary and secondary drying phases. The stable powder was subjected to accelerated storage conditions at 37 ° C and 33% RH for 84 days. Figure 2 shows the effect of various molar ratios on the stability of dry bacteria. The results suggest that the optimal molar ratio between intensiPetition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 39/55
    37/43 glass fittings and the carbohydrate mixture is about 0.12 to 0.15. EXAMPLE 7 [0087] Effect of the composition of the present invention on the storage stability of probiotic bacteria Latobacillus acidophilus [0088] A composition containing the mixture of carbohydrates and the mixture of glass enhancers as described in Example 1 was prepared. The concentrated culture of L. acidophilus probiotic bacteria was obtained from a commercial source and prepared from a dry composition, as described in Examples 1 and 3, and the stable powder was subjected to accelerated storage conditions at 24 ° C and 33% RH for 537 days. Figure 3 demonstrates the superior stability of the probiotic formulated with the composition of the present invention. The results show that the feasibility of probiotic reduction of only 0.18 log over 537 days of shelf storage under the specified conditions.
    EXAMPLE 8 [0089] Effect of different glass intensifying compounds on the storage stability of probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus.
    [0090] Various compositions containing the mixture of carbohydrates, as described in Example 1 and mixture of glass containing intensifiers of casein hydrolyzate and sodium citrate or sodium ascorbate or a combination of both were prepared. The concentrated culture of L. acidophilus probiotic bacteria was obtained from a commercial source and prepared from a dry composition, as described in Example 1, except that the mixture was immediately loaded onto trays in a wet form without freezing pressure and the purge steps. The slurry was dried in primary and secondary phases, as described in Examples 1 and 3, and the stable powder was subjected
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    38/43 at accelerated storage conditions at 24 ° C and 43% RH for 180 days. Figure 4 shows the effect of several glass compounds that increase the stability of dry bacteria. The results suggest that a better significant stability was obtained through the inclusion of an additional glass intensifier on the top of the protein hydrolyzate. In particular, the inclusion of equal amounts of sodium acetate and sodium ascorbate provided a more stable composition. The results of both Examples 5 and 6 also suggested that several glass intensifiers may be more effective, or even act as a destabilizer depending on the bacterial strain.
    EXAMPLE 9 [0091] Effect of various proportions of hydrolyzate / sugar proteins on the storage stability of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis.
    [0092] Various compositions containing mixture of carbohydrates and glass intensifiers, as described in Example 1 and compositions containing equal amounts, but in different proportions of pea / trehalose hydrolyzate, with or without sodium ascorbate were prepared. The concentrated culture of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis bacteria was obtained from a commercial source and prepared from a dry composition, as described in Examples 1 and 3, and the stable powder was subjected to accelerated storage conditions at 35 ° C and 43% RH for 7 weeks. Figure 5 shows the effect of 1: 4, 1: 2.5 and 1: 1.5 ratios of pea hydrolyzate / trehalose, with or without sodium ascorbate on the stability of dry bacteria. The results suggest that better significant stability was obtained by increasing the proportion of pea hydrolyzate / trehalose. In particular, a 1: 1.5 pea hydrolyzate / trehalose ratio provided a more stable composition. The inclusion of ascorbate of
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    39/43 higher pea sodium of the hydrolyzate / trehalose ratio resulted in superior stability compared to excluded sodium ascorbate formulations.
    EXAMPLE 10 [0093] pH optimization for maximum probiotic stability
    L. rhamnosus.
    [0094] Various compositions containing mixture of carbohydrates and glass intensifiers, as described in Example 1 at different pH values were prepared. The concentrated culture of probiotic bacteria L. rhamnosus was obtained from a commercial source and prepared from a dry composition, as described in Examples 1 and 3. The stable powder was subjected to accelerated storage conditions at 40 ° C and 33 % HR for 8 weeks. Figure 6 shows the effect of the slurry pH on the stability of dry bacteria. The results suggest that optimal stability was achieved at neutral pH (~ 7).
    EXAMPLE 11 [0095] Stable dry powder containing an enzyme:
    [0096] The hydrogel formula containing 40 weight percent phytase (BASF, GmBH) is prepared by mixing 400 g of the carbohydrate mixture and 200 g of the glass intensifier mixture, as described in Examples 1 and 4, and 400 g of phytase in 1000 ml of water. The hydrogel formulation is shredded snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and was dried in a vacuum oven at a primary and secondary drying temperature of 50 ° C. To determine the load and storage stability of the dry formula: the dry sample is weighed accurately (<100 mg) in a microcentrifuge tube. 200 uA of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is added. The formulation is dissolved in the vortexing DMSO buffer. For this sample, 0.8 ml of a solution containing 0.05 N NaOH, 0.5% SDS and acid
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 42/55
    40/43 citrus at 0.075 M (trisodium salt) is added. The tubes are sonified for 10 min at 45 ° C, followed by a brief centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 min. Aliquots of the clear citrate solution of DMSO / NaOH / SDS / are taken in wells of a microplate and analyzed for protein content using the Bradford assay method. The stability of the stable dry enzyme composition after exposure to 95 ° C for 20 minutes is significantly higher than a dry enzyme, without the composition of the present invention.
    EXAMPLE 12 [0097] Stable dry powder containing an infectious salmon anemia vaccine virus (ISAV) [0098] The concentrated ISAV vaccine slurry (Novozyme, Denmark) is prepared according to Example 4, except that 20 ml of 4% chitosan solution in 0.5% acetic acid was added to the slurry containing the ISAV vaccine concentrate, the carbohydrate mixture and the glass intensifiers. 0.5 g of dibasic calcium phosphate is added, followed by 0.5 g of gluconolatone. The slurry is allowed to harden at room temperature for the next 2 hours in order to form a solid hydrogel. The firm gel is cut into the long, thin strands using a commercially available cutter / crusher. The fine lines are directly loaded onto wet trays or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and loaded onto a tray with a load capacity of 1500 g / sq ft and placed in a freeze dryer for drying, such as described in Example 3. The water activity (Aw) of the formulation is 0.25. The formulation is further dried to fine powder using standard hammer milling equipment and sieved through 50 to 150 micron screens. The dry stable ISAV composition is used for the oral vaccination of the top coat of a
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 43/55
    41/43 commercial feed with dry composition and feeding for Atlantic salmon fish.
    EXAMPLE 13 [0099] Preparation of Invasive Bait Species [00100] The pelletized bait for invasive species specifically targeted in accordance with the present invention is prepared containing a pesticide. 200 g of a formulation as described in Example 9 is prepared and added to 200 g of water. To this solution are added 90 gm of rotenone and 0.5 g of dibasic calcium phosphate, followed by 0.5 g of gluconolatone. The slurry is spray-dried immediately in a standard industrial dryer, and the dry formulation is used to target specific invasive species without deleterious effects of the toxin on or near ecosystems. EXAMPLE 14 [00101] Preparation of a formulation of protected probiotic plants:
    [00102] A biological control agent, such as Rhizobacterias is prepared in a dry composition according to Example 4. The effectiveness of the dry Rhizobacterias composition is evaluated in growth under gnotobiotic lettuce conditions. Doses of 100 mg of dry Rhizobacterias composition per plant are inoculated in flasks with sand and planted with pre-germinated lettuce seedlings (24 h). A 5 ml dose of nutrients from the sterile Hoagland solution is applied to the plants in the bottle. The vessels are randomly arranged in a growth chamber maintained at 28 ° C, with a 12-hour photoperiod. During each 7-day interval after inoculation, adherent plants and sand were carefully removed from the flasks. The roots are washed in sterile phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and the root length measurement is recorded.
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 44/55
    42/43
    Reference List
    The contents of the following references are incorporated into the present invention by reference to the present invention for all purposes.
    Patent application references and U.S Patents:
    6,190,701 Composition and method for stable injectable liquids, March 1999, Roser et al.
    6,964,771 Method for incorporating substances stably within matrices of dry glass, foam. September 1997, Roser et al.
    5,766,520 Preservation through formulation formation, June 1998, Bronshtein.
    6,534,087 Process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, June 2001, Busson and Schroeder.
    6,884,866 Bulk drying and the effects of bubble nucleation induction, April 2005, Bronshtein.
    7,153,472 Preservation and formulation of bioactive materials for storage and delivery in hydrophobic carriers, December 2006, Bronshtein.
    2008/0229609, Preservation by vaporization., June 2005, Bronshtein.
    6,306,345 Industrial scale barrier technology for preserving the sensitivity of biological materials at ambient temperatures, October 2001, Bronshtein et al.
    7381, 425, Preservation of bioactive materials by lyophilized foam, September 2006, Truong-le, Vu.
    Other references:
    Morgan, CA, Herman, N., Branco, PA, Vesey, G., 2006, Preservation of microorganisms by drying; a review. J. Microbiol. Methods. 66 (2): 183 to 93.
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 45/55
    43/43
    Capela, P., Hay, TKC, and Shah, NP 2006, Effect of cryoprotectants, probiotics and microencapsulation on the survival of probiotic organisms in yogurt and lyophilized in yogurt. Food Research International, 39 (3) 203 to 211).
    Annear de 1962, Preservation of leptospires by drying the liquid state, J. Gen. Microbiol., 27: 341 to 343.
    Crowe, JF, Carpenter, JF and Crowe, LM, 1998, THE VITRIFICATION ROLE IN ANIDROBIOSIS. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60: 73 to 103.
    Crowe, JH, Crowe., LM, and Mouriadian, R., 1983, Cryobiology, 20, 346 to 356.
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    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 46/55
    1/5
    权利要求:
    Claims (27)
    [1]
    1. Dry stabilizing composition for biological material, characterized by the fact that it comprises a carbohydrate component comprising between 0.5% and 90%, a protein component comprising between 0.5% and 40% of hydrolyzed proteins of animal origin or vegetable; and a salt of a carboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the composition.
    [2]
    2. Dry stabilizing composition, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the carbohydrate component is at least one saccharide selected from the group consisting of an oligosaccharide, polysaccharide and disaccharide, in which the oligosaccharide is between 5% and 10%, disaccharide is between 40% and 80%, and the polysaccharide is between 5% and 10%, based on the total weight of the carbohydrate component.
    [3]
    3. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the biological material comprises a living, attenuated or dead cell, microbe, virus, bacteria, probiotic bacteria, a bacterium or a soil and plant yeast, a cell culture, a protein, a recombinant protein, an enzyme, a peptide, a hormone, a vaccine, an antibiotic, a medicine, and a mixture of them.
    [4]
    4. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the protein component comprises hydrolyzed casein, hydrolyzed whey protein, hydrolyzed pea protein, hydrolyzed soy protein and a mixture thereof.
    [5]
    5. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the carbohydrate component comprises polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, and a mixture of them.
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 47/55
    2/5
    [6]
    6. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the polysaccharide component comprises cellulose acetate phthalate, carbonoxymethylcellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, alginic acid salts, hydroxypropyl propyl methyl cellulose ( HPMC), methyl cellulose, carrageenan, gellan gum, guar gum, acacia gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, chitosan and chitosan derivatives, collagen, polyglycolic acid, modified starches and starches, and a mixture thereof .
    [7]
    7. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the oligosaccharide component is cyclodextrins, inulin, maltodextrins, dextrans, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and a mixture of themselves.
    [8]
    8. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the disaccharide component is trehalose, sucrose, lactose, and a mixture thereof.
    [9]
    9. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises carboxylic acid between 0.5% and 20%, based on the total weight of the composition.
    [10]
    10. Dry stabilizing composition according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, citric, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, and a mixture of them.
    [11]
    11. Dry stabilizing composition for biological material, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is dried in a glassy amorphous state.
    [12]
    12. Dry stabilizing composition, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the weight ratio of disPetition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 48/55
    3/5 saccharides / oligosaccharides / polysaccharides is 10: 0.2: 0.1 to 10: 2: 1.
    [13]
    13. Method for preparing the dry stabilizing composition for biological material, as defined in claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    (a) combining a biological material with a mixture of compounds as defined in claim 1, in an aqueous solvent for the purpose of forming a viscous paste;
    (b) freezing the slurry in liquid nitrogen to form particles, granules, drops or solid solid strings;
    (c) primary drying step of the formulation liquid, by evaporation, under vacuum, at a formulation temperature above its freezing temperature, (d) secondary drying of the formulation in the maximum vacuum and at a temperature of 20 ° C or more during enough time to reduce the water activity of the formulation.
    [14]
    Method for preparation, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that it further comprises an acclimatization step of the frozen solid particle before the primary drying step begins.
    [15]
    Method for preparation according to claim 13, characterized in that the dry stabilizing composition is dried in a glassy amorphous state.
    [16]
    Method for preparation according to claim 13, characterized in that the viscous paste is solidified with a firm hydrogel by varying pH or temperature or by cross-linking polymer chains before plug-in freezing.
    [17]
    17. Method for preparation according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that the viscous paste is molded to
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 49/55
    4/5 the desired shape.
    [18]
    18. Method for preparation, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the acclimatization step is carried out under vacuum and temperature below the freezing point of the formulation.
    [19]
    19. Method for preparation, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the acclimatization step is carried out between 0 and 60 minutes.
    [20]
    20. Method for preparation, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the primary liquid drying step is carried out under a vacuum pressure greater than> 0.26 KPa (2000 mTorr).
    [21]
    21. Method for preparation according to claim 13, characterized in that the dry stabilizing composition is cut, crushed, ground or sprayed into a free-flowing powder, respectively.
    [22]
    22. Method for preparation according to claim 21, characterized in that the powder has a particle size of less than 1000 pm.
    [23]
    23. Method for preparation according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the water activity (Aw) of the dry stabilizing composition is Aw <0.3 or less.
    [24]
    24. Oral carrier formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises the dry stabilizing composition, as defined in claim 1, wherein the formulation is in the form of a reconstitution liquid, a ground powder, a tablet, a granule, a capsule , a food or food product.
    [25]
    25. Oral carrier formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises the composition, as defined in claim 1, in which the biological material is stable during the life of the formulaPetition 870180039659, from 05/14/2018, p. 50/55
    5/5 tion.
    [26]
    26. Oral carrier formulation, characterized by the fact that it comprises the dry stabilizing composition, as defined in claim 1, in which the formulation is consumed as a food, animal feed, nutraceutical product, pharmaceutical product or vaccine product.
    [27]
    27. Dry stabilizing composition for biological material, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is consumed as a food, food additive, animal feed, animal feed additive, nutraceutical product, pharmaceutical product or a vaccine product, under in the form of a bar, a liquid formula, colloidal suspension, powder, tablet, capsule.
    Petition 870180039659, of 05/14/2018, p. 51/55
    1/6
    Live cell counts (Log CFU / g)
    Days
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    BR112013003244A2|2016-05-17|
    MX350047B|2017-08-24|
    SI2603100T1|2018-08-31|
    AU2011289272A1|2013-02-21|
    EP2603100B1|2018-04-25|
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    法律状态:
    2017-12-12| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-04-03| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-06-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-07-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US37371110P| true| 2010-08-13|2010-08-13|
    PCT/US2011/047547|WO2012021783A2|2010-08-13|2011-08-12|Dry storage stabilizing composition for biological materials|
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