ocean wave power plant and method for implementing an ocean power plant

专利摘要:
OCEAN WAVES ENERGY PLANT. It is an ocean wave power plant powered by respective interconnected functional units that comprise a support structure (1a, 1b). The support structure (1a, 1b) is terminated at a lower end with a fixing support (9c) that can be anchored at a single point to a mass (9e) when deployed at sea. The floating lifting body (2) is attached to the support structure (1a, 1b), an electrical power generation subsystem (A) supported by a platform (8) terminates the support structure (1a, 1B) at one end top of the support structure. A transmission member (4, 4a, 18) is attached at one end to a floating body (3) and at the other end to the power generation subsystem (A) which transfers the movement of the waves from the floating body (3) to the power generation subsystem (A).
公开号:BR112013001357B1
申请号:R112013001357-5
申请日:2011-07-15
公开日:2021-03-09
发明作者:Mile Dragic
申请人:Mile Dragic；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an ocean wave power plant and a method for implanting it, in which the ocean power plant comprises a floating body that captures energy from ocean wave waves, and especially to an ocean wave power plant comprising at least one support member for the wave power plant, in which at least one support member is arranged and located through an orifice located centrally in the floating body, in which the hole in the floating body provides a passage from one side of the top of the floating body to the side of the bottom of the floating body, where the method comprises steps for attaching a self-elevating anchor to the ocean wave power plant, and steps for position the ocean power plant at the bottom of the sea using the self-elevation anchor. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Ocean wave power plants of different designs are well-known examples of alternative energy sources compared to more traditional energy sources in the prior art. However, there are very few commercially successful ocean power plant facilities. Ocean power plants are preferentially installed in parts of the ocean that provide a stable wave condition. This implies that preferable locations are those areas of the ocean with severe weather conditions. This implies that an ocean wave power plant needs to be a strong and durable construction which increases the cost of building the facility and also often the cost of maintaining the facility.
[0003] Therefore, the efficiency of energy production at the wave power plant is of utmost importance. Even though the operation of a wave power plant is simple to understand for an individual skilled in the art, it has proved to be a challenge to improve the efficiency of such facilities. The cost of installation, expected maintenance costs, etc. have to be compared to the likely production that results from energy, and energy production has to be economically competitive compared to the more traditional energy sources that supply energy to the market to be able to be considered as an alternative energy source real.
[0004] Improving the economy of ocean wave power plants implies that facilities must be cheaper to build and install, while being able to withstand environmental conditions. In addition, the maintenance cost must be reduced and the efficiency of converting wave movements into, for example, electrical energy must be improved. Improving and / or reducing the complexity of technical design of ocean wave power plants not only improves the economy of ocean wave power plants, but is also a significant contribution to the emerging field of environmentally friendly sustainable technologies for the future .
[0005] US 5,359,229 discloses an apparatus that converts wave motion to electrical energy comprising a series of conversion units that are interconnected in this way providing continuous rotation of a drive shaft that is connected to an electrical generator. Each conversion unit comprises a tower that has a bottom part submerged below the surface of a body of water and a top part that extends above the surface of the water. The tower is held in a fixed position relative to the water surface, anchoring the tower to the ground of the water body. Attached to the tower is a float that rises and falls with the rise and fall of waves on the surface of the water body. The float has a generally spherical exterior and an internal cavity. Ballast such as water is contained within the internal cavity to provide weight for the float. The float additionally has a central opening through its vertical geometric axis. Mounted inside the central opening is a central guide means that has a guide sleeve and a plurality of bearings attached to the guide sleeve. The central guide means allows the float to be telescopically adjusted around the tower. The float is therefore guided so that it will slide up and down the tower in a direction parallel to the vertical geometric axis of the tower. The fixed position of the tower by the anchorage makes the project vulnerable to severe weather conditions and the tower has to be able to withstand great forces due to possible huge waves. Although the waves can hit over the installation, the plurality of floats when all are raised simultaneously will have in combination a combined buoyancy force that can break one or more towers.
[0006] US 6,935,808 describes a breakwater to dissipate energy from ocean waves and / or to convert this energy into electrical energy. The breakwater presented is said to be easier and less expensive to build than existing solutions, which can be built in one location and then towed to a desired location and installed there. In one aspect, the invention is directed to an apparatus for dissipating waves in the ocean that includes a base anchored to the ocean floor. A tower extends upwards from the base, with a panel being pivotally attached to the top of the tower, in order to be able to swing back and forth. A floating element is disposed on the rear edge of the panel, and the panel is configured so that the rear edge of the panel remains above the surface of the ocean and the front edge remains in the ocean when the panel is in its normal state. To facilitate a breakwater that can be installed more easily than a conventional breakwater, the base has variable buoyancy that can be changed by pumping air into the base or venting air out of it. The base includes a plurality of cells that have open bottoms into which air can be pumped and from which air can be ventilated. As a result, the base can typically be manufactured relatively easily and cheaply. However, the project is only intended for shallow waters close to beaches and the project with a defined arm length with two opposed floats located makes it operate properly only at certain ocean wave frequencies. If the opposite located floats are raised or lowered simultaneously by the movement of the waves, the arm does not move.
[0007] US 2783022 of February 26, 1957 by A. Salzer reveals an ocean wave power plant that comprises a float that rests on the surface of the ocean. Waves respectively raise or lower the float. This movement of the float is transferred through an axis connected at one end to the float and at the other end to a rack and pinion gear that provides a rotational movement of an axis connected to the pinion gear. The rotational movement of the axis is therefore correlated with the up or down movement of the float, which implies a bi-directional rotation of the axis forward and backward. The revealed design comprises a deck that provides support for the installation. The position of the deck above the level of the ocean surface can be adjusted. However, the point of connection of the shaft to the top surface of the float is subject to great forces of wave movements and lateral force components of the wave movements can tend to provide wear and tear the connection of the pinion and rack gear shaft.
[0008] Document US 4672222 of June 9, 1987 by P. Foerds Ames comprises a submersible wave power plant installation comprising tubular members that form approximately edge elements of a tetrahedral trunk, and a floating element supported by members additional tubular tubes attached to the bottom part of the installation. The project is self-stabilizing, can withstand severe weather conditions, is modular, and comprises absorber points that operate independently with respective triggering mechanisms and electric generators that produce electrical energy from the movements of waves on a surface of a body of water. The modular design of this ocean wave power plant allows adjacent positioning of the respective modules side by side, in which the electrical energy generated in each respective module is added together and supplied as coming from just one power source. However, the design provides an implicit constraint on the size of the floating body 54 as depicted in Figure 1 of the disclosure. This limits the amount of energy that can be drawn from the waves from a project modality. The ability to provide a plurality of interconnected modules, where each respective module produces electrical energy will naturally increase the power output of an installation in accordance with this disclosure. However, the facility tends to be very large covering a substantial part of the ocean's surface. Therefore, the cost is high and maintenance is an issue in an interconnected system when a module that is surrounded by other modules requires service.
[0009] The document PCT / RS2007 / 000015 of 13 August 2007 by Mile Arrastaric reveals a project that provides conversion of linear up and down motion of a floating body that rests in a body of water, in which the conversion of the Linear motion is powered by an electric linear induction system or by converting the linear motion into a rotational motion by triggering an electric generator, for example. A floating body is connected with a fixed lever or shaft, or a flexible transmission member (metallic wire) at a point at or below the barycenter of the floating body, and at the other end to a generator system that produces electricity when the floating body it is raised or lowered by the movements of the waves. However, the inventor of the present invention has realized that even though the teaching of this patent application provides a significant improvement over the prior art, the question of providing a simpler design remains. For example, in this disclosure the support structure comprises a horizontal top bar connected to vertical side bars that rest, for example, on the seabed. The side of the floating body determines the possible energy output, and consequently the size of the support structure, for example, the length of the top bar has to be increased to allow a certain size of a floating body (or energy output). This may imply an expensive design, for example, of the top bar to provide a stable design that can withstand the size and weight of the floating body, different climatic conditions, and at the same time fulfill the goal for energy production.
[00010] There are some examples in the prior art that provide teachings on how to convert bidirectional movement of an axis into unidirectional rotation of an axis, for example. It is known as turning the back and forth movements of a piston, for example, into an engine for a car. However, these prior art engine solutions require, for example, that a connecting rod connected to a piston in the engine can move back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the direction of forward and backward movements of the piston to be able to rotate a cam axis on the motor in a unidirectional rotation. If this additional freedom of movement is restricted, this solution of transforming the movement of the piston into a unidirectional rotational movement of an axis is difficult to achieve.
[00011] The teaching of US 4145885 of November 23, 1977 by Solell reveals a design that comprises free-wheel devices, gears and chains to combine a first direction of rotation of a first axis and a second direction of rotation of a second axis in a unidirectional rotation of a third axis. For example, the first direction of rotation can be fed by the movement of a float upwards while the second direction of rotation can be fed when a float moves downwards. However, it is well known to an individual skilled in the art that any gear and shaft connection provides a kind of friction in a mechanical system, which in this case provides a loss or decrease in possible energy output from a wave power plant. Ocean. In energy transfer theory it is well known that the efficiency coefficient for the gear pair is typically 98% and the efficiency of a chain pair is typically 97%, that is, 1% of energy lost per pair if a project does not can omit chains. The teaching of US 4145885 comprises an installation of a wave power plant at sea in which an axis is connected between a support deck and the seabed. A floating body is arranged to move up and down along this fixed axis. In this way, vertical force components cannot move the floating body from side to side.
[00012] Additionally, it is obvious that any project that reduces the amount of gears that are needed for use in an ocean wave power plant actually increases the efficiency of the energy production itself. In this aforementioned disclosure there is a combination of chains and gears which in itself add a typical additional energy loss of 3% to 4% as known to an individual skilled in the art. Additionally, axes of wave power plants etc. are subject to varying speeds due to varying wave conditions. These variations can be abrupt and thus, for example, damage may appear in different parts of a wave power plant as known in the prior art. Therefore, it is additionally obvious that any reduction of gears, choice of technology in the energy transfer mechanism, etc. it directly influences the production cost of the installation, maintenance costs and stability of the installation during the use of the installation, and can provide an increase in energy produced which adds significantly to the profitability of an installation of this type.
[00013] The technical challenge of converting a bidirectional movement of a transmission member that interconnects a float with a mechanism that transfers wave energy, for example, providing a unidirectional rotation of an axis, is mainly related to the fact that the length of a course of the transmission shaft up or down is extremely variable and is in fact directly related to the amplitude of the ocean waves. Therefore, the use of a cam shaft as known to explosion engines is, for example, difficult to use as readily understood by an individual skilled in the art. The use of freewheeling devices, gears, chains etc. is a known resource for solving this technical challenge. However, the possible large amplitudes of the waves and the corresponding large forces make these projects very complicated. The consequence is not that these projects will not work, but that there must be a significant loss of energy in the conversion current due to the number of parts, size of parts, etc. It is also a design challenge that the amplitude of the ocean waves can be small. This implies that small amounts of wave energy should preferably be able to be converted by the mechanism in use. This implies that the loss in the conversion current must be low. The ability to use small wave amplitudes is of utmost importance for an ocean power plant to be considered as a sustainable alternative energy source.
[00014] When a floating body of an ocean wave power plant is elevated by increasing wave amplitudes, it is really the action of the water itself that is elevated in the wave that is captured by the floating body. When the floating body is lowered when the wave amplitudes are reduced, it is actually the weight of the floating body itself that provides a trigger for the conversion current once the floating body is actually descending. It is readily understood that sufficient weight of the floating body is necessary to achieve an efficient energy conversion. In technique This is common to use a large size body for the float, referring to PCT / RS2007 / 000015. However, it is a challenge to meet the requirement to provide both buoyancy and weight. When the waves lift the floating body, it is the buoyancy of the body that provides the weight (the weight of the water) and therefore any torque on an input shaft of a connected generator. This is best achieved with a very light weight body as known to an individual skilled in the art. When the floating body descends, it is the weight of the floating body that drives the mechanism. However, the increased weight of the floating body can make the floating body subject to damage when experiencing a hit. Hitting is a well-known problem in ship design and marine design. It is possible that a part of the bottom surface of a floating body will jump out of the water due to the movements of the waves. When the floating body descends again, the bottom surface of the floating body will reach the water surface. This impact can cause damage to the installation and to the floating body itself. Therefore, safety issues predict that if a floating body jumps out of the water, the water inside the floating body must be emptied to mitigate the effect of possible knocking.
[00015] So there is a need for an improved design of a floating body that transfers wave energy in an ocean wave power plant.
[00016] According to another aspect of the present invention, an additional energy conversion conversion of a wave power plant can be achieved by providing a synchronization (or resonance condition) of the up and down movement of a floating body with the frequency of the wave system on the surface of the water on which the floating body rests. In the article "Modeling of hydraulic performance and wave energy extraction by a point absorber in heave" by M. Vantorre et al. Published in Applied Ocean Research 26 (2004) 61-71, theoretical calculations are revealed that illustrate how a resonant energy system of waves provides a significantly increased energy extraction. However, there is no indication as to how to provide a technical solution that provides this type of energy extraction optimization.
[00017] According to an example of the embodiment of the present invention, a steering wheel is arranged so that the steering wheel rotates in a respective direction correlated with a direction of movement respectively upwards or downwards of a transmission member connected to a floating body of the ocean power plant. The flywheel inertia will then provide a delay in movement when the floating body changes its direction of rotation. For example, when the floating body is raised, the flywheel inertia powered by rotation in a direction correlated with the upward movement of the transmission member will retain the floating body for a short time when the wave that lifts the floating body begins to move. go down again. The downward movement will naturally force the steering wheel to turn in the opposite direction. The inertia of the handwheel will then delay this change in the direction of rotation. The same situation occurs when the floating body is in its lowest position and starts to be lifted again by the waves. The effect of this delay is to provide a synchronization of the movement of the wave system on the water surface with the natural frequency of the wave power plant system, in which the weight of the flywheel is directly correlated with the required weight.
[00018] It is an aspect of the present invention to combine a structural support design of an ocean wave power plant that provides a simplification of the support structure, with an optimized wave energy conversion current and an adapted design of a body float that can be used in structural design modalities according to the present invention.
[00019] It is an additional aspect of the present invention to provide an optimized and economically viable method for deploying the ocean wave power plant on an ocean floor.
[00020] Consequently, an improved ocean wave power plant must be advantageous, and in particular a more efficient and / or reliable ocean wave power plant must be advantageous. OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[00021] It is an additional object of the present invention to provide an alternative to the prior art.
[00022] In particular, it can be seen as an objective of the present invention to provide an ocean wave power plant that solves the problems of the prior art mentioned above with a design of an ocean wave power plant that minimizes the structural size of an installation, minimize the impact of environmental conditions on the structural parts of an installation, and at the same time reduce internal loss of energy output due to the mechanical parts operating in an installation.
[00023] Additionally, it can be seen as an objective of the present invention to provide an improved design of a floating body.
[00024] Additionally, it can be seen as an objective of the present invention to provide a simpler and more efficient transformation of bidirectional movement of a transmission member connected to a respective floating body that moves up and down in a unidirectional movement of a shaft connected, for example, to an electric power generator.
[00025] Additionally, it can be seen as an objective of the present invention to provide a synchronization between a dominant ocean wave frequency and the natural frequency of an ocean wave power plant located in a specific location.
[00026] Additionally, it can be seen as an objective of the present invention to provide a simple and economically viable method for implanting an ocean wave power plant in a specific location on the seabed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[00027] Therefore, it is understood that the objective described above and several other objectives are achieved in a first aspect of the invention by providing an ocean wave power plant comprising a floating body with a centrally located hollow hole, in which at least one the support structure is disposed through said hollow orifice, in which a restraining device or a restraint set is located in the hollow orifice guiding the movements in three dimensions of the floating body supported by at least one support structure. The floating body comprises at least one first cavity which is filled with water and at least a second cavity filled with air during operation. In addition, the installation can be deployed and anchored with the help of a self-elevation anchor and an associated method that comprises using this self-elevation anchor.
[00028] The invention is particular, but not exclusively, advantageous for obtaining a cost-effective ocean power plant with reduced maintenance needs, which at the same time reduces the loss of energy produced due to the simplifications of the respective mechanical parts and interconnections of the respective mechanical parts.
[00029] According to an exemplary example of the present invention, an ocean wave power plant is powered by respective interconnected functional units comprising a support structure 1a, 1b terminated at a lower end with a fixing support 9c to be anchored at a single point to a mass 9e when deployed at sea, a submersible floating lift body 2 that provides buoyancy to the ocean wave power plant when deployed at sea, where the floating lift body 2 is attached to the structure support 1a, 1b, an electrical power generation subsystem A supported by a platform 8 that terminates the support structure 1a, 1b at an upper end of the support structure, a transmission member 4, 4a, 18 is fixed to a one end to a floating body 3 and the other end to the power generation subsystem A which transfers movement of the waves from the floating body 3 to the power generation subsystem A , wherein the support structure 1a, 1b, the floating body 3, the floating lifting body 2, the fixing support 9c, the power generation subsystem A, the mass 9e, at least part of the transmission member 4 , 4a, 18 are arranged functionally interconnected along a common geometric axis, where each respective functional unit is arranged as symmetrically in weight as possible around the common geometric axis, where the support structure 1a, 1b is guided through a hollow hole in the floating body 3 and is attached to the floating lift body 2, in which a movement limiting device 100 is disposed in the center of the hollow hole, where the part of the transmission member 4, 4a, 18 which is arranged along the common geometric axis at one end is connected to a central point on a top side of the movement limiting device 100, and correspondingly and further is continued to be arranged along the common geometric axis of a connection They are located in a central position opposite each other on the bottom side of the movement limitation device 100. The term "movement limitation device" referenced with the numeral 100 should be understood as comprising all the necessary arrangements and variations in arrangements for connecting the floating body to a transmission member in such a way that the up and down movement of the floating body provides optimum transfer of energy from ocean waves. It should be understood that the word "restrict" defines movements allowed in all directions of the floating body, but with "restriction" to optimize the transfer of energy. For example, a floating elongated body will rotate its longest side towards an incoming wavefront. This is really an optimized positioning of this floating body to be able to optimize energy transfer. Therefore, it is important to "restrict" the movement in the horizontal plane to be free-rotating so that a positioning obtained can be obtained. However, there will be a simultaneous inclination of the floating body in an elongated form in a vertical plane due to the movements of the waves. Therefore, the inclination must be restricted so as not to cause damage to the installation to which it is connected. It is also important that this vertical constraint does not have an impact on horizontal movement. Although it is possible to use a floating round body, the same arguments can be used for the same type of movement restriction in the respective horizontal and vertical planes. However, free rotation in the horizontal plane must be allowed to mitigate abrupt changes in wave patterns that could otherwise be transferred to the installation if the horizontal movement was not free. In this context, the term "movement limitation device" or "movement limitation arrangement" has the meaning of understanding any physical effect that is used to "restrict" the movement of the floating body in all directions, first of all to optimize the transfer of energy but also taking into account possible security issues.
[00030] According to an example of a modality of the present invention, the natural frequency of the ocean wave power plant can be modified by adding a handwheel connected to a geometric axis of rotation predicted in the current converting the movement of waves to energy in the ocean wave power plant.
[00031] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method comprising steps for deploying an ocean wave power plant in accordance with the present invention comprises steps for attaching a self-elevating anchor to the structure of the wave power plant of the ocean, and then steps that provide a fixation of the ocean power plant to an ocean floor using the self-elevation anchor.
[00032] Different respective aspects of the present invention can each be combined with other respective aspects. These and other aspects of the invention will become evident and elucidated with reference to the modalities described hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[00033] The ocean wave power plant according to the present invention will not be described in more detail with reference to the attached figures. The figures illustrate some examples of modalities of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting other possible modalities that fall within the scope of the attached set of claims.
[00034] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a modality of the present invention.
[00035] Figure 1a illustrates a detail A of the modality illustrated in Figure 1.
[00036] Figure 1b illustrates a detail B of the modality illustrated in Figure 1.
[00037] Figure 1c illustrates another detail of the modality illustrated in Figure 1
[00038] Figure 1d illustrates another additional detail of the modality illustrated in Figure 1.
[00039] Figure 2 illustrates another example of an embodiment of the present invention.
[00040] Figure 2a illustrates a detail of the modality illustrated in Figure 2.
[00041] Figure 2b illustrates another detail of the modality illustrated in Figure 2
[00042] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a floating body embodiment according to the present invention.
[00043] Figure 3a shows a cross section along line AA in Figure 3.
[00044] Figure 4 illustrates another example of an embodiment of the present invention.
[00045] Figure 4a illustrates an example of a modality of the present invention comprising a movement translation mechanism according to the present invention.
[00046] Figure 4b illustrates details of the modality illustrated in Figure 4a.
[00047] Figure 4c illustrates variations of details of the modality illustrated in Figure 4a
[00048] Figure 4d illustrates an example of a movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement.
[00049] Figure 4e illustrates a cross section of an example of a modality.
[00050] Figure 4f illustrates an example of a modality that provides a modification of the natural frequency of the ocean wave power plant.
[00051] Figure 4g illustrates another example of a modality that provides a modification of the natural frequency of the ocean wave power plant.
[00052] Figure 5 illustrates lifting forces for an example of implanting an example of the present invention.
[00053] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a translation device for bidirectional movement for unilateral movement according to the present invention.
[00054] Figure 7 illustrates an example of fixing a lifting anchor for an example of the embodiment of the present invention.
[00055] Figure 7a illustrates how an example of a modality of the present invention can be transported to a location for implantation at sea.
[00056] Figure 8 illustrates another example of modality of a movement limitation device or movement limitation arrangement.
[00057] Figures 9 and 9a illustrate an example of a modality that illustrates how operational parts of a modality of the ocean wave power plant can be protected against environmental impacts.
[00058] Figure 10 illustrates another example of an arrangement of a transmission member comprising a cable and a plurality of chain sections.
[00059] Figure 11 illustrates another example of a transmission member modality.
[00060] Figure 12 illustrates how a linear generator can be arranged with pulleys that provide an accelerated movement of the inductive element of the linear generator.
[00061] Figure 13 illustrates an example of an ocean wave power plant modality that comprises three interconnected wave conversion systems and how this system can be transported at sea.
[00062] Figure 13a illustrates how the wave power plant in Figure 13 can be deployed at a location at sea.
[00063] Figure 13b illustrates an example of implantation of the ocean wave power plant.
[00064] Figures 14a, 14b, 14c illustrate an example of a floating body modality that provides protection against impact.
[00065] Figure 15, 15a and 15b illustrate arrangement details of an example of embodiment comprising a transmission member comprising a rack and metal wire element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MODALITIES
[00066] Although the present invention has been described in connection with specified modalities, examples of modalities are not to be construed as being in any way limited to the examples presented. The scope of the present invention is determined by the set of claims attached. In the context of the claims, the terms "comprising" or "comprises" do not exclude other possible elements or steps. Mention of references such as "one" or "one" etc. they should also not be interpreted as excluding a plurality. The use of reference signs in the claims with respect to elements indicated in the Figures should also not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition, individual features mentioned in different claims can possibly be combined advantageously, and the mention of these features in the different claims does not exclude that a combination of features is possible and / or advantageous.
[00067] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a modality of the present invention. The project comprises a vertical central construction line from the top to the bottom of the project, and all elements of support structures, weight distribution in the support structure, etc. are preferably provided in a symmetrical manner around this vertical central construction line. This construction line constitutes a geometric axis of an embedded system that can naturally be moved out of a vertical position when a system according to the present invention is deployed in the open sea. The term "vertical" is only related to the concept of the project. The installation's gravitational center is preferably located on this central construction line.
[00068] The embodiment comprises a floating body 3 supported by a support structure 1a, 1b located through a hole drilled in the floating body 3, the support structure 1a, 1b is attached to a submerged floating lift body 2 which provides buoyancy for the entire installation, and the entire installation is firmly anchored to the seabed with a mass 9e connected to the support structure through a chain, cable or metallic wire etc. The 9e mass can be made of concrete, steel, etc. at the top of the structure as depicted in Figure 1, there is a power generation subsystem activated by a transmission member connected to the floating body 3. It is additionally within the scope of the present invention to provide mass 9e as a self-elevation anchor design which is Described below.
[00069] The respective elements (support structure, lifting element, floating body, anchoring device, etc.) are all interconnected in a serial manner along the vertical construction line. However, the sequence of the respective connected elements of an installation can be changed. This is, for example, within the scope of the present invention to provide a power generation subsystem located within the floating lifting body 2. This is within the scope of the present invention to provide any sequence of interconnected elements, modules or devices.
[00070] Another aspect of this design concept that provides a support structure through the center of the floating body is that the floating body can never be accidentally released from the support structure. The floating body can pose a risk to the vessel if it is accidentally released, for example, during a storm at sea.
[00071] The floating body 3 has a hollow hole located centrally referred to as detail B in Figure 1. Where detail B comprises a movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement 100 which is further illustrated in Figure 1b. The upward and downward movements of the floating body 3 caused by ocean waves are transferred by cables 4, 4a of the floating body 3 to an upper part of the system (detail A illustrated in Figure 1a) for electricity production, in which bidirectional movements linear elements of the floating body 3 (ie, connected cables 4, 4a), for example, are transformed into unidirectional circular rotations of an electric power generator 7. For example, when the floating body 3 moves downward, the cable 4 activates a rotation in the upper part of the system, while when the floating body 3 moves upwards the cable 4a activates a rotation in the upper part of the system. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to use electric power generators that can convert bidirectional movement (forward and backward rotation) of an axis connected to the generator. It is also within the scope of the present invention to use linear generators.
[00072] During operation the floating body 3 will move up and down along the vertical direction of the support structure (for example, columns 1a and 1b in Figure 1). However, as readily understood, the shape of the waves will also provide an upward and downward tilt of the floating body. When tilted, the bottom side of the floating body may be completely or partially in contact with the ocean surface, or if partially submerged, the entire floating body may be in contact with the water. However, the degree of inclination must be limited so that the floating body remains restricted within the functional limits of the operational parts of the project. As readily understood, different weather and wave conditions can also provide unwanted rotation of the floating body in the horizontal plane. Therefore, it is necessary to control the movement of the floating body both in the horizontal and in the vertical plane to prevent damage to the support structure and / or maintain movement of the floating body within the functional limits of the project. Therefore, in examples of embodiments of the present invention there is a movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement within the hollow orifice, which guides the movement of the floating body in a plurality of directions relative to a geometric axis of the support structure (i.e. is, the vertical central construction line). In addition, the movement limitation device or 100 also serves the purpose of securing the floating body to the support structure. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to allow the floating body 3 to be able to rotate around and confront waves arriving in an optimal position for optimal transfer of energy from the waves to the floating body. It is within the scope of the present invention to allow a floating body to be able to rotate freely 360 ° degrees. The floating body design 3 provides self-alignment towards incoming wave fronts. Free rotation makes it possible to prevent damage caused by external forces on the floating body.
[00073] In the example of modality illustrated in Figure 1, two support structures 1a and 1b are used. The load on the support structure is dependent on how the position of the barycenter of the floating body 3 is located relative to the support structure. As known to a person skilled in the art, the best solution to minimize the load on the support structure is to let the support structure pass through the barycenter. However, there will then be an increased load on a bearing that provides a connection between the floating body and the support structure or column. Therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide two or more columns or support structures to pass through the hollow hole of the floating body, thereby dividing the load between them, and at the same time providing a movement limitation device 100 that allows that the entire cargo is located at the point of the center of the floating body. The elements or columns of the support structure are arranged symmetrically around the vertical central construction line of the ocean wave power plant.
[00074] Figure 1b illustrates an example of a movement limitation device or arrangement 100 located in the center of the floating body 3. Additionally, the figure illustrates the connection of a transmission member 4, 4a to the movement limitation device. 100. As illustrated, a part of the transmission member 4, 4a that is connected to the movement limitation device 100 is located along the vertical central construction line or geometric axis of the system. The movement limitation device 100 provides free rotation of the floating body 3 in the horizontal plane through a bearing arranged in the outer circle of the movement limitation device towards the body of the floating body 3. At the center of the movement limitation device 100 there is a spherical joint (or a combination of two cylindrical joints as known to a person skilled in the art) with a geometrical axis that goes through the spherical joint, where the geometrical axis is connected to the outer ring of the movement limiting device. This spherical joint provides vertical inclination of a fixed floating body. The transmission member 4, 4a is arranged to follow the central construction line or geometric axis of the ocean power plant and is fixed to the center of the movement limitation device 100. In Figure 1b the transmission member 4a is attached to the side from the bottom in the central position of the movement limitation device 100 while the transmission member 4 is fixed to the top side in the central position of the movement limitation device 100. This is an important aspect since it is important that the floating body is oriented towards the waves that arrive in an optimal orientation. When the floating body is elongated the longer edge of the floating body will rotate towards the front of the wave and will be oriented perpendicular to this direction. This solution provides self-alignment of the floating body in the horizontal plane. The vertical inclination of the floating body up or down is limited by the size of the hole drilled in the center of the floating body and / or the inclination of the side walls of the hole. However, the radius or size of the hole in the top surface and / or the degree of inclination of the floating body must be made large enough to prevent collision or contact between the support structure 1a, 1b and the floating body during normal operating conditions of the ocean wave power plant. It is also possible to install shock absorbers (for example, a rubber ring) along the perimeter of the orifice on the top surface of the floating body 3. Therefore, in this embodiment example the inclination of the side walls of the hollow orifice is part of the restriction device or restriction set. The dampers can also be part of the device or movement limiting arrangement. The limiting device or movement restriction set is additionally connected to the vertically oriented structure of the supports. In Figure 1b it is illustrated how the support structure 1b is connected to the movement restriction device or movement limitation arrangement through a sliding connector 101. The sliding connector 101 is arranged along a geometric axis perpendicular to the geometric axis of the joint spherical. A similar sliding connector 101 is arranged towards the support structure 1a. The surface area of the sliding connectors facing the surfaces of the support structure must be large enough to receive the forces of the movements of the floating body up and down while providing minimal friction. The use of materials such as teflon, lubricants etc., can be applied to these surfaces to extend the life of these sliding connectors 101.
[00075] In an example of a modality, the movement limitation device or movement limitation arrangement 100 is located in the hollow hole so that the location of the floating body barycenter 3 coincides with the center of mass of the movement limitation device .
[00076] It is within the scope of the present invention to provide a movement limitation device or movement limitation arrangement 100 that provides support for two, three, four or a plurality of columns (support structures) respectively. Preferably, the columns or support structures are arranged symmetrically around the central construction vertical line.
[00077] The example of embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a flexible transmission member 4, for example, a metallic wire, chain, cable etc. wherein a first end of the transmission member 4 is operationally connected to a power generation subsystem located on the support plate 8 (detail A). The flexible transmission member is guided within column 1a in this example. At a location just below the support plate 8 in the support structure 1a, 1b a support plate 9a is arranged which comprises a pulley 6b (referring to Figure 1b) which receives the flexible transmission member 4a of the support structure 1a, and after the pulley the flexible transmission member 4 is guided upwards towards the floating body 3. A second end of the flexible transmission member 4a is fixed to one side of the bottom of the ball joint. The flexible transmission member 4 is attached to the top side of the ball joint, and is further guided upwards towards the energy production subsystem 7 located on the support plate 8, and is operationally connected to this system. When the floating body 3 moves up or down due to wave movements, the flexible transmission member will move accordingly up or down thereby activating the subsystem on the support plate 8 through each end of the flexible transmission member 4 respectively connected to which the subsystem is operationally connected.
[00078] Modalities of the present invention can be implanted in suitable locations, preferably providing stable wave conditions. Variable depth of water in the respective implantation locations, for example, makes it necessary to adapt the project to the different conditions of the respective implantation locations.
[00079] With reference to Figure 1, an anchoring of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention to the seabed can be achieved with a mass 9e, for example, made of concrete that is heavy enough to hold the installation in place at this location particular. The system is connected to ground 9e, for example, through a chain 9d, for example, attached to ground 9e. The other end of the chain is connected to a single central point positioned directly below the barycenter of the floating body 3, provided at the central point of the plurality of support structures that are used in the specific modality (that is, in the vertical central construction line). In Figure 1, an elbow-shaped support 9c is attached to the bottom ends of the respective supports 1a and 1b which provide the central attachment point for the chain attached to the mass 9e. If external forces acting on the structure of the installation at sea are providing rotation of the installation, and subsequent rotation of the chain fixed between the support 9c and the mass 9e, these will cause a shortening of the current. The effect should be to drag the installation down. However, lifting the floating lifter 2 will counteract this action. The net result is that the installation will not rotate. As readily understood, if the chain is too long, the length should provide a possibility for the installation to rotate around its own geometric axis. If the location for implantation determines a longer chain it is possible to prevent rotation, for example, by installing two or more chains that must restrict the rotation.
[00080] Buoyancy provides stabilization. Therefore, the floating body will maintain its position relative to the support structure and will not be rotated out of its self-aligned position towards the front of the wave. However, the entire structure can swing from side to side. It is important to allow mitigation of the impact of external forces on the structure. These forces will provide only oscillation and no damage. The design of the modality example of the movement limitation device, for example, as shown in Figure 1b, allows the inclination of the fixed floating body 3. Therefore, the possible oscillation of the entire installation will not affect the floating body 3. The magnitude of the lifting force fed by the floating lifting body 2 can be adjusted to limit possible fluctuations from side to side of the installation. The higher the elevation, the smaller the oscillation.
[00081] It is also important to understand that the electrical energy generated by the generator in the system has to distribute the energy through an electrical cable. The cable can be stretched, for example, inside one of the support structures, through the inside of the lifting body 2 (or outside) to the bottom of the floating lifting body 2. The cable can be wound in a coil, for example, such as a spiral, to provide extra length to compensate for the slope of the installation, and also to provide extra length to withstand some rotation of the installation.
[00082] The adaptation of the total height of the installation with respect to a specific location on the seabed can be achieved by adjusting the length of the support structure, the height of the floating lift body 2, the length of the chain or metallic wire 9d etc. The positive lift fed by the floating lift body 2 must be of a magnitude large enough to provide a stabilization of the installation. When the floating body 3 moves downward when the wave amplitude decreases, the elevation must be large enough to withstand these forces. The buoyancy of the floating lift body 2 receives the forces and neutralizes the dynamic impact on the floating body 3.
[00083] The weight 9e rests on the sea / ocean bed and it must be heavy enough to prevent displacement along the sea bed of the entire system during operation.
[00084] Figure 5 schematically illustrates different forces acting on an ocean power plant in accordance with the present invention when a system is deployed at sea. An important parameter for the operation of the wave power plant is the size of the elevation or buoyancy of the submerged floating elevation body 2 (referring to Figure 1). The required elevation value can, for example, be estimated by making an assumption about how many degrees of oscillation should be allowed around point O in Figure 5. For example, if it is decided that the oscillation or angle α in Figure 5 has to be within the range of ± 10 ° the following definitions, assumptions and calculations can be made. With reference to Figure 5 the following example is given for an angle α in the range of ± 10 °.
[00085] F1 is the gravitational force that acts on the mass of platform 8 (referring to Figure 1).
[00086] F2 is the gravitational force that acts on the mass of the float body 3 (referring to Figure 1).
[00087] F3 is the elevation of the floating lift body 2 (referring to Figure 5) and is the value that must be estimated for a real installation.
[00088] F4 is the resistance force in water movements to which the installation is subjected in the water.
[00089] Fvento is the force of the wind that pushes the installation laterally. In this example it is assumed that the wind direction is in the direction of the slope of the installation, that is, this force is added to the slope.
[00090] Fc is the force of underwater currents in the location. As with the parameter Fvento, the direction of this force is so that it acts to tilt the installation.
[00091] Fg is the gravitational force of the entire installation.
[00092] L1 is the distance from anchor point O to the center of mass of platform 8 (referring to Figure 1).
[00093] L2 is the distance from point O to the center of mass of the floating elevation body 2 (referring to Figure 5).
[00094] L3 is the distance from point O to the point of the lifting force for the floating lifting body 2. Since the elevation varies with the depth in the water and volume of the body, the equivalent point of operation of this force is above the center of gravity of the floating lifting body 2, as known to a person skilled in the art.
[00095] L4 is the distance from point O to the equivalent point of water resistance actuation when the installation moves in the water. The part of the support structure that is submerged must also be taken into account as known to an individual skilled in the art.
[00096] Lc is the distance from point O to the point of action of the force of underwater currents.
[00097] Lg is the distance from point O to the center of mass of the installation.
[00098] Windy is the distance from point O to the equivalent point of action of the wind force.
[00099] mp is the mass of platform 8 (referring to Figure 5).
[000100] Ms is the mass of the entire system without the weight of the generator on platform 8.
[000101] P is the electrical effect produced in a generator on platform 8. In this example, it is adjusted to 120Kw.
[000102] v is the efficiency of the energy conversion of the wave. In this calculation, an estimated average standard value of the literature on this efficiency is assumed and assumed to be 30%.
[000103] n is a 10% security parameterization. 1) F1 = mg-g = 6000Kg-9.81 = 60kN 2) F2 = P / v-g = 120Kw / 0.3-9.81 = 40.77-1.1 = 440kN
[000104] To be able to provide system stabilization within the range of ± 10 ° and at the same time provide sufficient elevation to withstand movements below the floating body 3, the following two criteria have to be met: I. The force of elevation must be greater than the value estimated in equation 1). Duplication parameter 2 is a security measure that ensures adequate functionality. II. The lifting force must be equal to or greater than the value estimated in equation 2).
[000105] Criterion I. is met if
[000106] Lifting force> (F1 + F2 + ms-g) • 2
[000107] Criterion II. is attended to if
[000108] F3-senα-L3> Fc-Lc + F2-senα- L2 + F1- senα- L1 ± F4 + F wind-Windy
[000109] In this calculation the forces are ignored: 1. Wave forces that reach the floating body. 2. Air resistance forces. 3. Frictional forces at connection point "O".
[000110] The magnitudes of these forces are negligible compared to the other forces. Estimating the lift force fed by the floating lift body 2 according to these calculations fed above, the lift is estimated with a safety margin which makes it likely that an example of the present invention in the sea environment will be an installation stable.
[000111] In addition to the forces acting on an installation as described above, the weight of the installation together with a total length of the support structure between the floating lifting body 2 and, for example, subsystem A depicted in Figure 1, can provide a curvature of the support structure. This curvature can cause structural damage or conflict with the up and down movement of the floating body 3 and / or the transmission member 4, 4a. When there is a forward and backward movement, for example, within ± 10 °, of the support structure the weight of the support structure provides an arm with a moment that tends to bend the structure. It is possible to install a loop with a metallic thread through arms that project from the top to the bottom. The tension in the loop provided, for example, by a metallic wire will stretch the support structure or prevent it from falling (curvature of the structure). The loop is fixed to the top of the structure and is then guided through pulleys downwards to a fixation point arranged in the mass 9e that anchors the installation to the seabed. The rectangular shape provided by the wire loop is equivalent to a rigid body. It is within the scope of the present invention to provide an additional fixed loop similar in a plane perpendicular to the plane provided by the other loop. In another example of modality, it is possible to guide the stiffening of the metallic wire inside one of the support members (columns). Additionally. It is also possible to attach projecting members (arms) to the support structure at an appropriate distance from the top and then connect metallic wires from the projecting members upwards to a point on the top of the support structure thus forming an element shaped like a triangle.
[000112] Figure 1a depicts detail A in Figure 1. In an example of an installation configuration according to the present invention, when the floating body 3 moves towards the seabed the movement of the floating body 3 pulls the member transmission shaft 4 downwards, which then turns the pulley 5b which through the free wheel device 52 (referring to Figure 1d) turns the shaft 7a, and transmits torque to the generator 7 which then produces electricity, for example. Since the transmission members 4, 4a are interconnected since they are connected to the floating body 3 and pass the pulley 6b located at the bottom end of the support structure, the downward movements of the floating body 3 also pull the member transmission 4. The transmission member 4 is fixed to the pulley 5b, but once the one-way clutch 52 (referring to Figure 1c) is active and the one-way clutch 51 is inactive in this direction of movement, no action will appear. conflicting on the common axis 7a.
[000113] When the floating body 3 moves upwards from the seabed the movement of the floating body 3 pulls the transmission member 4a upwards, which then rotates the pulley 5a which through the free wheel device 51 (referring to to Figure 1c) rotates shaft 7a, and transmits torque to generator 7, which then produces electricity, for example. Since the transmission members 4, 4a are interconnected since they are connected to the floating body 3 and pass the pulley 6b located at the bottom end of the support structure, the upward movements of the floating body 3 also pull the member transmission 4 upwards. The transmission member 4 is attached to the pulley 5b as described above, but since the one-way clutch 52 (referring to Figure 1d) is inactive in this direction of movement, no conflicting action will appear on the common axis 7a. It is important to observe how the transmission members 4, 4a engage the respective pulleys 5a, 5b, that is, whether the transmission member engages the pulley on a front or rear side.
[000114] In an example of an embodiment the power generation subsystem A comprises a bidirectional to unidirectional conversion mechanism that drives an axis 7a of an electric generator 7, in which axis 7a comprises a first pulley 5a wound with the transmission member 4a being guided and coming from the support structure 1a and being engaged with the pulley 5a on a front side of the pulley 5a, the pulley 5a comprises a first freewheel device 51 connected to the axis 7a, the transmission member is guided further out of the pulley 5a on the rear side of pulley 5a towards and wound around a pulley 6a supported by a support arm 12 that provides tension to the transmission member 4, 4a, the transmission member 4 is further guided towards a second pulley 5b comprising a second freewheel device 52 connected to the shaft 7a, the transmission member 4 is engaged with the pulley 5b on a rear side of the pulley 5b before the transmission member 4 is guided p for the pulley 5b from a front side of the pulley 5b, where the transmission member 4 is further guided towards the floating body 3 along the geometric axis of the ocean wave power plant.
[000115] In another example of embodiment, the pulley 6a is made smaller than the other pulleys as illustrated in Figure 1a. The section of the transmission member 4, 4a which is engaged by the pulley 6a can also be made thinner in diameter than the rest of the transmission member 4, 4a since the heavy loads on the transmission member will be received by the part of the member drive 4, 4a which is respectively wound on the respective pulleys 4a, 4b. The thinnest section of the part of the transmission member that supplies tension to the transmission member may then be easier to install, for example.
[000116] The respective up and down movement of the transmission member 4, 4a will provide a great variation in the tension of the transmission member 4, 4a. During operation it is important to maintain sufficient tension on the flexible transmission member to, for example, keep the transmission member in operational contact with the respective pulleys. Therefore, a support 12 of the pulley 6a is arranged in the loop of the flexible transmission member 4, 4a, wherein the transmission member 4, 4a is wound around the pulley 6a. One end of the support 12 is attached to the support structure of the installation by means of a damping spring 13 which provides sufficient tension of the transmission member 4, 4a during operation. Instead of a spring 13, it is possible to attach a load weight. It is within the scope of the present invention to provide instrumentation that measures voltage in the transmission member. A regulator can be attached to regulate the voltage to stay at a predefined level during all different operating conditions. A piezo crystal-based device, for example, attached to the transmission member (on a surface or embedded in the member) can transmit measurements through the transmission member (metallic wire) to a microcontroller-based device that can be programmed to pull or release the transmission member through a pneumatic arm, for example, in a location similar to the damping spring 13.
[000117] Another important aspect of the modality example depicted in Figure 1a is that it is possible to install a brake system on the common shaft 7a. This brake mechanism can be used to delay movements of the floating body 3 upwards or downwards along the support structure. In the case of very high amplitudes of incoming waves, there is a risk that the floating body may reach the support of the platform 8. It is possible to install mechanical dampers 13b as shown in Figure 2, or electrical sensing systems can detect the waves and then activate the brake. For example, it is possible to install a switch in one of the support structures at an appropriate distance below the support plate 8, and when the switch is activated by a passing movement of the floating body 3, start the brake action. It is important to provide a smooth delay and stop action to mitigate the momentum transfer of force from the floating body to the installation.
[000118] Figures 1c and 1d illustrate the mutual position of two free wheel devices 51 and 52. Figures 1c and 1d clearly show that clutches 51 and 52 are oriented in the same direction of activation, that is, the teeth are oriented in the same direction. This form of configuration is very important because the transmission member is wound in opposite directions on the respective drums 5a and 5b. During operation, when the free-wheel device 51 is moved in the direction of activation then the free-wheel device 52 is in a free-rotating state. When the free-wheel device 52 is active then the free-wheel device 51 is in a free-rotating state. This arrangement makes it possible to use the same axis 7a which is activated to rotate in the same direction regardless of the upward or downward direction of the floating body 3. This arrangement is clearly a significant simplification of systems known in the prior art. This simplification not only provides much less energy loss in the energy production stream, but also provides a much easier maintenance scenario. The very small number of parts in this solution makes it likely that this set will provide a stable working condition for the system. In addition, the very small number of parts makes it likely that this subsystem will also work well with waves with small amplitudes. Another advantage of using a flexible transmission member in an arrangement as disclosed in this document is that sometimes the length of the structure of the ocean wave power plant has to be adapted to conditions at the location planned for deployment. This length adjustment can be provided, for example, by inserting or removing sections of the support structure. However, then the flexible transmission member also needs to be adjusted. The pulleys 5a, 5b can comprise additional length of the flexible transmission member which can easily be pulled out of the pulleys to compensate for the extra length, or the flexible transmission member can be wrapped around the pulleys when the support structure needs to be shortened. The position of the support 12 in Figure 1a relative to the position of the pulleys 5a and 5b can be adjusted to provide the correct tension for the flexible transmission member.
[000119] The arrangement of a subsystem as depicted in Figure 1a, 1c and 1d according to the present invention is that it provides an optimal transfer of bidirectional movement for the unidirectional rotation of an axis connected to an electric generator. This optimized transfer of motion also provides an optimized transfer of torque on the input shaft of the generator, thereby providing an optimized withdrawal of wave energy. The rotational speed of the generator can be adapted by a multiplier fixed on the input side of the shaft generator. The diameter of the pulleys 5a, 5b can also be adapted to adapt the rotational speed of the project. As known to a person skilled in the art, it is advantageous to have a minimum pulley diameter of up to 40 times the diameter of the wire to minimize wear and tear of the wire.
[000120] Figure 2 illustrates another example of modality of a system according to the present invention. The principle of having a support structure that passes through an orifice positioned centrally in the floating body is used in this modality example as in the modality example depicted in Figure 1. The main difference is that the power generation subsystem is located within a submerged floating body such as the floating lift body 2 in Figure 1. In Figure 2 the power generation subsystem A is located inside an internal cylinder inside the floating lift body 2. The floating body 3 shown in Figure 1 may have the same design as in the example described above. This modality can use a flexible transmission member (metallic wire, cable etc.) or a non-flexible transmission member. The example shown in Figure 2 illustrates an example of an embodiment comprising a rigid transmission member that engages the movement conversion mechanism within the submerged floating body with a pinion and rack gear. As detailed below, this project also comprises a significant reduction in the complexity of the conversion current from bidirectional movement to unidirectional movement of an axis that turns an electric generator. Figure 4a illustrates an example of simplification of an electric generator with unidirectional drive by pinion and rack gear.
[000121] The project as depicted in Figure 2 provides an optimized protection of the installation's power generation subsystem. The distance between the submerged floating body that provides construction elevation in sea water can be made long enough so that there will never be any contact between this floating lifting body 2 and the floating body 3 on the water surface, even when the waves have great amplitudes. However, for shocks such as shocks 13a and 13b they can be installed in each respective support structure 1a and 1b at the top end just below the connection plate 9b. In addition, rubber members can also be introduced to strengthen protection.
[000122] If an example of a modality causes the top of the underwater float to be closer to the surface of the ocean and there is a possibility that it reaches the floating float 3, then a shock absorber 16c can be attached to the top of the floating float. underwater 2. The shock absorber 16c can be made of rubber, pneumatic, tracks, hydraulic, etc. additionally it is possible to attach reinforcement or damper 16a and 16b to the floating body in order to further mitigate the collision of the floating body and the underwater floating body. As an additional safety aspect, to prevent the floating body from reaching end connection 9b of columns 1a and 1b, a stop 110 can be added to rack 18. The stop 110 is installed to provide a first contact with one or more springs, i.e., shock absorber 13c, and thereby prevent contact between the floating body 3 and the end connection 9b.
[000123] In the embodiment example of the present invention comprising a rigid transmission member, the movement limiting device located in the central hollow hole of the floating body 3 can be incorporated as exemplified in Figure 2a. The shaft 104 has two respective rollers fixed to their respective ends; the roller 105a and 105b makes it possible for the floating body 3 to rotate around the geometric axis defined by the circular movement of the rollers within the circular rings 103a and 103b. The circular rings are fixed firmly to the body of the floating body 3. The rigid transmission member is fixed to the center of the hollow hole between the support structures 1a, 1b.
[000124] With reference to Figure 2a, axis 104 is connected to blade 101a by an articulated connection. The blade 101 is located between the support structures 1a and 1b which provides vertical movement of the floating body along the direction of the support structures 1a, 1b.
[000125] Figure 2b shows a cross section of the system for electricity production, positioned in the underwater body 2. There is water in the central part of the underwater floating elevation body 2 where the rigid transmission member passes. The movement of the floating body causes the rigid transmission member to also move. The rigid transmission member transmits its linear motion to gear 17, and gear 17, via axis 7c, additionally transmits it to the bidirectional to unidirectional motion converter and additionally to generator 7, generator 7 may have a multiplier fixed to its input axis.
[000126] Since this device is positioned under the surface of the water, it is necessary to ensure that the area around axis 7c is hermetically sealed to prevent water from reaching the area with the generator.
[000127] This can be achieved in a number of ways known to an individual skilled in the art. For example, in Figure 2b a cavity 14 is arranged that can collect the water that passes through the bearing 7c. This water can be ejected from the cavity 14 with the help of a pump or by excess pressure.
[000128] In order to prevent unwanted or harmful contact between the floating bodies 3, a stop 110 is added, firmly coupled to the rack 18. With extremely large waves the rack is pulled out to the point where the stop 110 reaches the shock absorbers 13c and 13e.
[000129] The rigid transmission system can be installed below the floating body inside the underwater body, or on the floating body as in the modalities described with a flexible transmitter. Similarly, the system for producing electricity with a flexible transmitter can be installed below the floating body within the underwater body.
[000130] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a floating body modality 3. Hollow hole 35 comprises the movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement, for example, as depicted in Figure 1b, and provides free passage for the support structure 1a, 1b. The articulated connection described above provides a connection between the floating body 3 and the respective support structures 1a, 1b.
[000131] Figure 3a depicts a cross section of the floating body 3 depicted in Figure 3. As illustrated there is at least a second cavity 36 that is filled with water. This predicted weight added by this water provides greater torque on the generator input shaft as described above when the floating body is lowered by wave movements. The floating body is partially submerged for the water line 3b. The water trapped between lines 3a and 3b provides the additional mass. The added force provided by this mass is proportional to the actual mass of this trapped water.
[000132] When the floating body is moved upward by wave movements It is the buoyancy of the floating body that provides the weight. This is equivalent to the mass between lines 3a and 3c minus the actual weight of the floating body 3 between lines 3a and 3c. It is therefore of utmost importance that the weight of the floating body 3 between lines 3a and 3c is as light as possible.
[000133] At least the second cavity 36 is initially filled when the operation of the power plant begins. The openings 3h and 3f can fill at least the second cavity 36 when the respirators 31 and 32 are open allowing the air trapped in the cavity to be ventilated. Respirators 31 and 32 are one-way respirators being closed from the top side into cavity 36 to prevent air from entering the cavity from above. An important aspect of this design of the floating body 3 is the position of the openings 3h and 3f. During operation, the floating body 3 can tilt up and down laterally due to the waves. This inclination is restricted by the inclination of the side walls of the hole drilled in the center of the floating body 3. However, the wave conditions can be very variable and it is sometimes possible that the inclination of the floating body 3 may leave the bottom side 34 exposed to the open air.
[000134] If the openings 3h and 3f have been positioned close to the external perimeter of the floating body, the openings should probably also be exposed to the open air. This should then provide an opening into which water trapped within cavity 36 can flow. Locating the openings close to the center of the floating body, the probability that the openings 3h, 3f can be exposed to the open air must be close to zero.
[000135] However, it can sometimes be beneficial to empty part of the cavity 36 with water due to problems related to the phenomenon called beating described further in detail below. In Figures 14a, 14b and 14c another example of a floating body embodiment is depicted which comprises a plurality of at least second cavity 36 in which the bottom part of cavity 36 is open. However, since there is a plurality of chambers, weight loss due to the loss of water from some of the cavities 36 does not provide a significant reduction in the weight of the floating body due to the water remaining inside the other chambers 36 still remaining trapped in the water. .
[000136] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the buoyancy center of the floating body 3 is coincident with the center of mass of the movement limiting device arranged in the hollow hole 35.
[000137] The shape and size of the floating body are directly connected to how effectively the floating body will be moved up and down by the waves. For example, small wave sizes are used very effectively by long elongated floating bodies while waves with large wave sizes are used very effectively by rounded bodies as known to a person skilled in the art. It is within the scope of the present invention to use any floating body shape and / or size. It is additionally within the scope of the present invention to provide parks with a plurality of modalities of the present invention that comprise floating body elements of different shapes, for example, a round shaped body, to be able to maximize the transfer of energy from incoming waves. of different shapes and sizes of waves. However, common to all modalities of a floating body used in accordance with the present invention, is that they comprise a cavity that can be filled with water during operation.
[000138] The elongated floating body 3 as depicted in Figure 3 is just one example of an elongated shape that can be used in accordance with the present invention. The important thing is that it is possible to fill a cavity in the floating body with water and that the slope etc. body during operation do not empty the water. It is additionally important to balance the weight and buoyancy of the body so that the upward and downward movements provide sufficient torque on a generator input shaft. It is also within the scope of the present invention to use rounded bodies for the floating body 3. Any shape that can be adapted to the most efficient wave energy transfer is within the scope of the present invention.
[000139] Another aspect of the present invention with respect to the self-alignment of the floating body 3 is to install at least one propulsion system underneath the bottom surface close to an edge of the floating body 3. Measuring the wave conditions and wave direction of the waves arriving, it is possible to actively rotate the floating body around the geometric axis of the ocean wave power plant in this way ensuring that the floating body is stabilized in a position facing the front of the wave in an optimized energy transfer position.
[000140] Figures 4, 4a and 4b illustrate an example of a modality in which the energy production subsystem A is located above water. The system comprises two support columns 1a and 1b, which are attached at one end to the underwater floating lifting body 2 which is located below the water surface in the area where there is no influence of water movement (standing water); weight 9e is attached to the underwater floating body at the other end by means of ropes, chains, cables, etc. and is located on the seabed. A shock absorber 16 is attached to the underwater floating lift body 2. The floating body comprises a movement limiting device as shown and explained with reference to Figure 2a. A rack gear 18 is rigidly coupled to the blade 101 at one end and the second end of the rack gear 18 is connected to the input gears 17a and 17b of the mechanism for converting bidirectional movement to unidirectional movement. Figure 4a and Figure 4b depict this mechanism. The gears 17a and 17b are firmly connected to the axes 19a and 19b, respectively, one end of the axes 19a and 19b is connected to the support structure on a rotating support. The other end of the axles 19a and 19b is firmly coupled to the central part (receptacle) of the freewheel devices 51 and 52, the edges of the freewheel devices 51 and 52 are firmly coupled to the axles 19c and 19d. Gear 17c is installed on shaft 19c; gear 17c and 17d are coupled to gears; the gear 17d is firmly coupled to the shaft 19d, the shaft 19d is firmly connected to the input shaft of the generator 7. The entire mechanism for the movement transformation and energy generator 7 are mounted on the support plate 8 which is firmly fixed to a end of support columns 1a and 1b.
[000141] The example of modality depicted in Figures 4, 4a and 4b generates electricity from the movement of aquatic waves (sea / ocean) as follows: while the wave is approaching, the floating body begins to move under its influence , when the floating body moves upwards, the rack gear moves the gears 17a and 17b, which on the shafts 19a and 19b additionally transmits torque to the clutches 51 and 52. Depending on whether the floating body 3 moves upwards or downwards down, the free wheel devices rotate alternately (when the floating body moves upwards, clutch 51 turns on, and when it moves downwards, clutch 52 turns on), and they transmit torque to gears 17c and 17d through axes 19c and 19d; as gears 17c and 17d are mutually connected, changes in the direction of rotation in the event that torque is transmitted through clutch 51 ensuring that generator shaft 7 always rotates in the same direction and therefore generates electricity when rack 18 moves up or down.
[000142] With reference to Figure 4a, in an example of a mode the transmission member 18 comprises a pinion and rack gear, the power generation subsystem A comprises a bidirectional to unidirectional conversion mechanism driving an axis 7a of an electric generator 7, in which the rack and pinion gear comprises two gears located one above the other 17a, 17b being simultaneously engaged by the rack 18, where the gear 17a is connected via an axis 19a to a first freewheeling device 51 which engages a gear 17c on the shaft 19c where the gear 17c is engaged with a gear 17d on the shaft 19d which at one end is connected to the shaft 7a of the power generator 7 and at the other end is connected to the free wheel device (52) in an axle (19b), in which the free-wheel device 52 is connected through the axis 19b to the gear 17b which is engaged by the rack 18, the free-wheel device 51 and the disc free-wheel positive 52 are made to be engaged one at a time respectively when rack 18 moves up and rack 18 moves down.
[000143] In order to simplify the construction, the gears 17c and 17d can be coupled non-flexibly to the ring of the respective free-wheel devices 51 and 52. Then the construction can be done with a continuous axis on both sides of the respective freewheeling devices.
[000144] Figure 4e and 4d illustrates an example of a movement limiting device suitable to be connected to a transmission member which is, for example, a rack. Figure 8 illustrates another example of connecting a rack to a movement limiting device. As illustrated in the Figure, a single ball joint 301 is sufficient to fulfill the task of the movement limiting device.
[000145] Figure 6 illustrates another example of a system modality for bidirectional movement of a transmission member for unidirectional movement of an axis, for example, which comprises a substantial simplification of the design.
[000146] Gear 17e is firmly coupled to the input shaft 19e of the mechanism, freewheel devices 51 and 52 are also firmly coupled to shaft 19e, gears 17f and 17g are attached to the receptacle of freewheel devices 51 and 52 Gear 17g is coupled to gear 17h which is firmly attached to shaft 19g, gear 17k is firmly connected to the other end of shaft 19g, gear 17k is firmly attached to gear 17j, which is firmly attached to shaft 19f, the gear 17j is also coupled to gear 17f. In one example, when the drive gear 17e rotates clockwise then the first free-wheel device 51 is in a free-rotating state, and the free-wheel device 52 transfers torque through the paired gears 17g and 17h to the output shaft 19g which is additionally firmly coupled to the generator. When the drive gear 17e rotates counterclockwise then clutch 51 is in an engaged state, while clutch 52 is in a free turning state, torque is transferred through the coupled gears 17f, 17j and 17k to the shaft output 19g and then to the generator. Gear 17j in the mechanism is used to change the direction of rotation. The benefits of this project, as illustrated in Figure 6, compared to the mechanism, for example, revealed in document PCT / RS2007 / 000015 is that one less shaft is used; the connection bushings used in the patent application mentioned above have also been removed. Therefore, this example of modality according to the present invention provides for minimization of inertial forces in the mechanism that provides torque transfer to the input shaft of a generator. Therefore, this solution converts ocean waves with lower amplitudes compared to solutions known in the prior art.
[000147] According to an exemplary example of the present invention, it is possible to additionally optimize the withdrawal of wave energy by adjusting the natural frequency of the wave power plant, that is, the frequency of movement up and down of the floating body and connected broadcast member. The modification of the natural frequency of this system has the purpose of synchronizing the frequency of the ocean wave system with the natural frequency of the wave power plant, thus providing a resonant condition.
[000148] As readily understood, the frequency of the sea wave system in a particular location is variable. However, there is usually a dominant climatic condition and, therefore, a dominant wave system that can be observed and calculated as known to an individual skilled in the art.
[000149] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment or synchronization can be achieved by adding a handwheel to a geometric rotary axis of the wave energy conversion current as revealed above. For example, in Figure 4f it is illustrated as a handwheel 25 which is connected to the geometry axis 19f. The geometrical axis 19f is in communication with the transmission member 18 which in this example is a rack gear construction. The gear 17e transfers the up or down movement from the rack 18 to the flywheel 25 through the safety clutches 26 and / or 15 and the shaft 19f. Figure 4g depicts another example of a modality that comprises a different location from the wheel 25.
[000150] The effect of the clutches is to stop the rotations if the waves are too high or powerful.
[000151] The synchronization effect is achieved as described above.
[000152] As readily understood, the weight of the flywheel provides the necessary added inertia which provides the delay of the up or down movement of the rack 18. This added weight has to be correlated with the dominant frequency of the wave system at a specific location to provide the correct synchronization at this particular location.
[000153] The actual calculation of a concrete system can be performed in different ways as known to an individual skilled in the art. In any case, simplification can be achieved by considering, for example, a system of linear equations described below. This calculation example was provided by Professor Milan Hoffmann, from the mechanical engineering department, at the University of Belgrade, Serbia.
[000154] In the prior art it is known that the upward movement of a buoy is (approximately) governed by an independent linear differential equation that, in regular waves, reads (equation 1):

[000155] where Δ is the float's mass displacement, ms is supplementary mass, mZ is hydrodynamic mass (added), nZ and ne are hydrodynamic and electrodynamic damping, respectively, p is water density, g gravitational acceleration, AWL area of the float water line, FZ is vertical force due to the wave action, while εZ is the phase shift of the wave. The equation is very similar to the differential equation of a free symmetrical body rising in the waves. The only (two) additional terms are additional mass ms, which includes the inertia of the moving parts connected to the float (for example, the gears, rotor, flywheel), and electrodynamic damping ne, due to the energy conversion.
[000156] Actually, two parts of the supplementary mass (equation 2) can be distinguished ms = m's + ms
[000157] where the mass m 'takes into account the masses connected to the generator (transmission, rotor, possibly a flywheel), and which cannot be avoided, while m ”is the mass intentionally added to the device to help adjust the natural frequency .
[000158] In equation (1), it is assumed that the moment of the generator is proportional to the angular speed of the rotor (or, in the case of a linear generator, that the force is proportional to the speed of the piston), so that the additional force that acts on the float due to the performance of the generator either (equation 3)

[000159] The solution of the equation, in the frequency domain, is presented by the elevation transfer function (equation 4)

[000160] where Zo eAw are elevation and wave amplitudes, respectively, w is wave frequency, while non-dimensional force amplitude fZ, damping coefficients μZ, μe and natural elevation frequency wZ are given as (equation 5)

[000161] The portion of float energy transmitted to the generator is the same (equation 6)
Where (equation 7)

[000162] is the float's vertical speed transfer function. Pe energy is available energy - the mechanical energy transmitted to the generator, available for conversion to electricity. The average available energy, in a movement cycle, is (equation 8)

[000163] where Tw is the wave period. It is common to indicate the quality of the WEC device by the so-called captured amplitude of the bw wave, which shows the available energy ratio of the device to the wave energy. The unit wavefront energy is the product of the energy density of the waves ew and the velocity of the wave group uw, (equation 9)

[000164] where well-known wave relations (equation 10)

[000165] for the frequency of incoming waves, implementing the appropriate supplementary mass ms to the device. As stated, the supplementary mass takes into account the acceleration inertia effects of the parts connected to the float. The speeds wj of the rotating parts are connected to the vertical speed of the float as (equation 11)

[000166] where rR, rF are radii of the input gears, QR, QF are rotation speeds, while iR, iF are the rotation ratios of the generator rotor, and the supplementary flywheel, respectively. Therefore, the supplementary mass can be placed in the form (equation 12)

[000167] where JR, JF are moments of inertia of the rotor and the flywheel, while the sign "..." leads to the products D of the other rotating parts of the generator and the additional flywheel transmission. To adjust the natural frequency of the buoy to the frequency of modal waves, (equation 13)
the supplementary mass (equation 14)

[000168] has to be applied. Technically, the most appropriate way to achieve this is by choosing the right steering wheel diameter. In an example of buoy performances (cylindrical buoy with a radius of 8 m, draft 2.7 m), it is adjusted for the modal frequency of the dominant storm (storm with a 10.5 s modal period). The results indicate extreme benefits of the adjustment. Vertical movement, speed, energy and the captured wave width of the adjusted float are greatly increased.
[000169] Although it is possible to calculate weight and / or diameter of a handwheel according to a method as presented above, there must be a need for further optimization of the weight to obtain the best possible result, or to adjust the system for changes in climatic conditions . In an example of an embodiment, the flywheel comprises a plurality of disk-shaped bodies that can be added to or removed from / from the rotational axis of the wave power plant to which the flywheel can be connected. In this way it is possible to adjust the weight or inertia effect of the steering wheel by adding or removing disc-shaped steering wheel elements.
[000170] The wave power plant according to the present invention can be subject to environmental damage during the lifetime of an installation in the open sea. For example, salt water and growth of marine nets, different animals, etc. they can damage, for example, the transmission member. Therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention to install as many different functional units of the power plant as possible within the structure of the wave power plant itself. Figures 9 and 9a illustrate an example of a modality that provides protection for the functional elements.
[000171] In an example of a modality, the floating lift body 2 comprises the mechanism for converting wave energy as detailed in Figure 9a. The floating body 3 is supported by the centrally located support column 1. As can be seen from Figure 9, the flexible transmission member 4a, 4b transfers the movement of the floating body 3 through pulleys 6c and 6d installed on top of the support column 1 .
[000172] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate examples of embodiments of the present invention, wherein the transmission member 4a, 4b can be a composite construction. In Figure 10, a combination of metal wire and sprocket chains is revealed. The benefit of using sprocket chains in combination with the energy conversion unit located within the floating lifting body 2, is that the energy transfer is much more effective as known to a person skilled in the art. It is within the scope of the present invention that the flexible transmission member (4, 4a, 18) can be made of different materials such as a cable, a metallic wire, a chain, a rack, or be made of sections of different interconnected materials , wherein a respective section of material may be of materials such as a cable, a metal wire, a chain, or a rack.
[000173] Figure 11 illustrates the principle that it is possible to combine metallic wires and a rigid rack gear construction. The metallic wire 4a of the transmission member is connected to a respective top end of the rack gear 18 while the metallic wire 4b is connected to a lower end of the rack 18, wherein the combined metallic wire 4a, 4b and rack 18 transfer movement to gear 17 which may be in operational connection with the energy conversion unit as described above. It is also important to note that it is possible to have different diameters on pulleys 6a and 6b, for example. These have the effect of increasing the speed of up and down movement of the rack gear 18. This pulley arrangement can also be used to increase the up and down movement of an inductor in a linear generator. This increases the possible electrical energy output from the linear generator. This possibility is revealed in Figure 12. Figure 15 reveals more details on how rack 18 can be arranged within the cavity of the floating lift body 2.
[000174] The arrangement of combining wire and rack provides a better transfer of torque.
[000175] In the modality example shown in Figure 10, most of the functional units of a wave power plant are arranged along a vertical geometric axis that is mostly located within an encapsulation fed by the lifting body itself floating 2, but additionally with a continuation of the floating lifting body 2 as an elongated tube that protrudes above the water when installed in the sea. The projecting part corresponds to the support structure 1a and 1b as revealed in other examples of modalities. This example of modality of the floating lift body 2 in addition to the float also provides protection of the installed mechanical and electrical parts from environmental damage.
[000176] In Figure 12 the pulleys of different sizes 61a and 61b in combination provide an increase in the speed of movement of the linear inductor 72 connected through the transmission member 4a, 4b and 4c which is in operational contact with the pulleys 61a and 61b which provide increased electrical generation through magnet 71. In this example of modality it is preferable to use an arrangement that comprises a combination of metallic wires and chains as shown in Figure 10. The use of current provides a better transfer of torque since only one wire metallic can be elastic.
[000177] Figure 14a depicts another example of a floating body modality that can be used in modalities of the present wave power plant. The floating body comprises a plurality of second cavities 36 and a plurality of second chambers 3 and a plurality of respirators 31, 32 above each plurality of first cavities 33 which provide an increased weight of the floating body with the added water which is beneficial when the floating body is descending when a sea wave amplitude is decreasing as described above. In this embodiment example a plurality of cavities are arranged and the corresponding openings 3h, 3f in the bottom section as shown in Figure 3 are reinstalled leaving each bottom section of the plurality of cavities 36 to be open. When a part of the total bottom of the floating body is jumping out of the sea, the corresponding cavities 36 facing the open air will be emptied. However, since there are many cavities left with water the effect on weight loss is disregarded. However, this project provides a solution to the problem called knock.
[000178] In irregular waves it can often occur that the bottom of the floating body jumps out of the water. When the floating body moves down again, the part of the bottom surface that is out of the sea water will enter the sea water again. Since the bottom can be a flat surface, the impact on the construction can be formidable and cause damage to the construction. In the example shown in Figure 14a, the part of the surface that will hit the water again will be the open bottom surface of the emptied cavity 36. So the surface that hits the wave is actually air. The water will quickly begin to fill the cavity 36 and the air between the surface of the water entering the cavity 36 and the ceiling of the cavity 36 will be compressed and the one-way respirator 31, 36 on the cavity ceiling will let the air out. However, if the capacity of the one-way respirator to let air out is reduced, for example, by the small size of the opening, the air will be vented out more slowly compared to a fully open respirator. Therefore, this arrangement will provide a padding effect when the bottom of the floating body reaches the water. This cushioning or cushioning effect will mitigate the effect on the construction due to the knock. Figure 14b illustrates the one-way cavity and respirators as seen from above while Figure 14c illustrates a transparent perspective view of the floating body.
[000179] In other examples of embodiments of the present invention, any shape of the floating body facing the water surface that provides the ability to pierce the wave is considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
[000180] Another interesting aspect of the example of a floating body that provides damping of the strike problem can also be used in a solution to obtain resonance or synchronization of the natural frequency of the ocean wave power plant. The mass of the added water can provide the additional weight that is necessary to have. In addition, it is readily understood that the frequency adjustment can be achieved by the amount of water present in the cavity of the floating body. The weight is increased by adding more water, the weight is decreased by draining water from the floating body. Alternatively, the size of the cavity 36 can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting a position of an upper surface of the cavity 36.
[000181] In another embodiment example of the present invention, the steering wheel is used and is calculated for a defined dominant wave frequency. Fine adjustment is achieved by adjusting the water level in the floating body. Adjustment can be achieved by opening the one-way respirators 31, 32 since there is always some compressed air inside at least the second cavity (36) which will then be vented out in this way providing more water at least in the second cavity (36 ). It is also possible to apply other methods that use pumps etc.
[000182] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for installing an ocean power plant in accordance with the present invention in a cost-effective manner. These constructions can represent huge loads on equipment and the logistics of these operations can be complicated. It is a necessity to provide a simple but also efficient ocean wave power plant that at the same time needs to be simple to deploy. It is also within the scope of the present invention to provide a solution for moving or changing an implantation location for an ocean wave power plant. Changing conditions at a deployment location can result in a need to move a facility. Other reasons may be maintenance, conflict with existing vessel lines, etc. In accordance with the present invention, examples of a floating lift body 2 can be provided as a part of the structure of the ocean wave power plant that is submerged in an installation location that provides a stabilization of the support structure in the open sea . The problem then is to transport a specific modality of the ocean wave power plant to a specific location and then submerge the installation and fix the installation to an anchor mass 9e.
[000183] It is also important to keep in mind that the positioning of the ocean wave power plant has to be obtained with a certain amount of precision due to design restrictions with respect, for example, the depth of water in the location of the installation etc. . and that the lifting force supplied by the floating lifting body 2 can be considerable.
[000184] Figure 7 and Figure 7a depict a self-elevating anchor 90 in accordance with the present invention and the manner of its operation and installation.
[000185] The illustrated example of self-elevation anchor 90 comprises a receptacle 91 filled with a layer of stones (gravel) 95. The remaining volume 94 of receptacle 91 can be filled with water or air; on one of the side faces of the self-elevation anchor there is a valve 97 that can be used to empty, for example, water or air from cavity 94. valve 92b and a pipe 93b, and a valve 92a and a hose 93a can be fully stretched - up to the top point of the ocean wave power plant from, for example, the top surface of the self-elevating anchor 90. The connection point of the anchor chain 96 which is connected to the support 9c on the bottom surface of the floating lift body 2 is provided as a deep recess in the top surface of the self-elevating anchor 90. In this way the anchorage point is closest to the gravel 95 (the center of mass) located at the bottom of the cavity 94.
[000186] The self-elevation anchor 90 works as follows in a modality example: when the structure of a modality example according to the present invention is transported to an anchoring location (Figure 7a), a part of volume 94 of the self-elevation anchor comprises compressed air while the rest of volume 95 is filled with stones or (gravel), but the anchor is still free to float on the water surface, the structure is fixed to the anchor by means of chains, cables or another flexible element between a fixing bracket 96 on a top surface of anchor 90 and a fixing bracket 9c ending at the bottom end of the support structure of the ocean wave power plant, fixing bracket 9c is located below the lifting body buoyant 2. The buoyancy of anchor 90 and the buoyant lift body 2 make the entire combined structure capable of floating on the surface of the ocean.
[000187] Therefore, it is possible to tow the combined structure with a boat to an implantation location. In an example of a method for deploying an ocean wave power plant according to the present invention, filling a volume 94 with water provides a sinking of the entire installation towards the seabed. A first step in a method comprises attaching anchor 90 to a supporting structure of an ocean wave power plant that comprises a floating elevation body 2. If a subsystem for power generation (for example, subsystem A in Figure 1 ) must be located at the top end of the support structure, in an additional step this subsystem can be carried on board the ship during transport. If the power generation subsystem is located inside the floating lift body as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 9, this subsystem can be transported inside the floating lift body 2. Moving parts of the power generation subsystem can be locked by locking pins that can be released in an additional step by pulling them out using chains or cables accessible from the top side of the floating lift body 2. This access can be provided through a removable cover that in an additional step can be fixed again after use. The floating body 3 may not be attached either to the support structure or to the transmission member as depicted in the exemplary embodiments in Figures 1, 2 or 4 when the structure is transported as shown in Figure 7a.
[000188] However, the floating body 3 can be towed separately from the structure together with the set shown in Figure 7a. The problem then is to be able to assemble the floating body 3, the power generation subsystem and the support structure in a functional wave power plant.
[000189] A crane on board a ship can be used to lift and position the floating body on the support structure after the system has been positioned with the self-elevating anchor.
[000190] The power generation subsystem assembly at a top end of the support structure can also be reached by the crane on board a ship to raise the subsystem in position and then fix the subsystem to the support structure.
[000191] It is also within the scope of the present invention to provide the floating body 3 as two respective sections that are provided by dividing the floating body along a central line that passes through the center of the hollow hole in the floating body. When these two halves are combined, for example, with screws, the total shape is the same as the entire floating body. When attaching the floating body to the support structure at the location, it is then possible to move the respective floating body halves towards the support structure from opposite sides in this way making it possible to connect the two halves together when the support structure the hollow hole passes.
[000192] It is additionally within the scope of the present invention to transport the floating body (3) when it is mounted on the support structure (1a, 1b). This can be done by placing floats on the ends of the floating body (3). Then the floating body (3) is located above the water when the installation is towed by a boat.
[000193] The transmission member assembly may be somewhat different if it is an axle fixed with rack and pinion gear or a flexible transmission member such as, for example, a metallic wire. A fixed axle can be mounted and be part of the support structure before towing the structure. The fixing of the floating body 3 to the fixed transmission member can be done in a step that comprises fixing the movement limiting device to the center of the floating body 3. Examples of modalities of the movement limiting device are incorporated to simplify this assembly
[000194] A flexible transmission member can be assembled after all other parts have been assembled as readily understood. However, when the flexible member is located within one of the respective support structures, such as column 1a in Figure 1b, it is possible to tow the flexible member as part of the installation. The part of the flexible member that is not operationally connected to the power generation subsystem and / or to the floating body 3 can be transported rolled on extra pulleys, for example, fixed to the pulley 6b. After the power generation subsystem is fixed and the floating body 3 is in place, the flexible transmission member can be fixed in the respective operating positions.
[000195] When the structure is towed upwards from a desired location on the seabed, the anchor is sunk by opening valve 97, filling cavity 94 with water while valves 92a and / or 92b remain open, releasing air from the volume 94 when the volume is filled with water. For example, volume 94 is filled with water making the anchor heavier, and therefore it sinks. It is possible to use only one of the valves 92a and 92b. However, using two valves it is possible to control the sinking or raising speed of the self-elevating anchor. Then valves 92a and 92b are closed when the operation is finished. This feature can also be used in a configuration process for the power generation subsystem and the floating body 3. Instead of directly towing the structure to the desired location of implantation, the structure is first towed to deeper water allowing to sink the structure, but still floating in the sea, to a level where the top of the support structure is below the surface of the ocean which allows to tow the floating body to a position above the top of the support structure. A next step is then to blow pressurized air into the hose 93a, for example, and open valves 92a and 92b. Even if they are under water, pressurized air will prevent water from entering these valves. The pressurized air will empty the filled volume of water 94 and the entire structure is raised through the hole in the center of the floating body. A next step is then to mount the movement limiting device around the support structure before attaching the device to the floating body 3. After this operation the power generation subsystem can be positioned and attached to the support structure. a flexible transmission member can now also be easily attached correctly to the power generation subsystem and to the top side of the floating body. The next step is then to continue to pump air and evacuate water from volume 94. When the installation is floating high in the water the other end of the flexible transmission member can be attached to the bottom of the floating body 3. The next step is then to tow the fully assembled installation to the desired location for implantation and then fill volume 94 with water as described above.
[000196] The arrangement of two valves 92a and 92b can be used for sinking and lifting operations in different ways. However, it is important to use at least one of these valves to compensate for the increased air pressure when lifting the structure. The situation is similar to the situation when a person is moving upwards in the water. This person has to expel some air out of his lungs when he moves upwards to compensate for the expansion of air in his lungs.
[000197] This feature of the self-elevation anchor 90, which is possible to both sink and lift, can also be used to move a facility from one location to another, or to lift the facility above the seabed to facilitate possible service and maintenance of the facility .
[000198] The use of a self-elevation anchor provides simple and easy positioning of the structure on the desired location on the seabed, provides simpler maintenance conditions for the structure of the ocean wave power plant, and what is more importantly, by using the self-elevation anchor 90 the costs of both positioning and maintaining the system in a permanent position on the seabed are reduced considerably.
[000199] However, sometimes the self-elevation anchor can be buried deep in the seabed, for example, due to the loss of sand on the bottom. So it can be difficult to lift the installation by the method mentioned as described above. Then it is possible to loosen the clamping chain 96 to the self-elevating anchor. The installation can also be controlled since it is possible to use a longer current during these situations. Floating body 2 can hold the installation in an upright position.
[000200] According to an example of the modality of the present invention, a method for implanting an ocean power plant comprises steps of:
[000201] to fix a self-elevation anchor 90 to an ocean power plant accordingly,
[000202] fill the cavity 94 of the self-elevation anchor 90 with compressed air through the respirator 92a and hose 93a while the respirator 92b is closed, thus the self-elevation anchor 90 will float in the water,
[000203] towing the ocean power plant together with the self-elevating anchor 90 to a location where the ocean power plant is intended to be located,
[000204] sink the self-elevation anchor 90 by opening respirator 92a and respirator 92b and then filling cavity 94 with water through respirator 92a and connected hose 93a while the compressed air in cavity 94 is vented out through respirator 92b through hose 93b.
[000205] Figures 13a and 13b depict a system comprising three submersible wave power plants in accordance with the present invention. The three respective wave power plants are interconnected through the rigid connections 80a at the top and the rigid connections 80b at the bottom of the combined system. The elevating floating bodies 2 are fitted inside the self-lifting anchors 90 as shown in Figure 13 and can be transported, for example, by a ship. Figure 13a depicts how self-elevating anchors 90 can be sunk and held in place by anchor chain 9c. As shown in Figure 13, anchor chain 9c can be stored rolled up in a space arranged on the bottom part of the self-elevating anchor 90. This feature allows to have standard lengths of anchor chains since it is only necessary to unwind the actual length of the chain anchor to the actual deployment location.
[000206] According to another example of the self-elevation anchor modality, it is possible to install explosives at the bottom of the seabed under the self-elevation anchor as shown in Figure 13b. It is known in the prior art that a surface facing towards the seabed can be held in place because when trying to lift a body a vacuum effect may be present at the interface between a body and the bottom surface. When the auto-lift anchor is to be moved, the ignition of explosives against the effect of the vacuum.
[000207] Another example of the modality of the present invention comprises different solutions to provide sustainable lubrication of moving parts. For example, a telescopic guard arranged around a rack and pinion gear may comprise graphite grease. This arrangement protects the pinion and rack gear and at the same time provides lubrication. It is within the scope of the present invention to understand any form of lubrication materials and systems to maintain the operation of the system.
[000208] Another example of a modality of the present invention comprises provisions to mitigate the freezing effects of an installation at sea. For example, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide heating of structural parts thereby providing defrosting of an installation. Additionally, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide any form of encapsulation, shielding, etc. installation to protect the installation from environmental impacts and damage. For example, a floating body 3 may comprise flexible protection on the top surface protecting the hollow hole.

权利要求:
Claims (21)
[0001]
1. Ocean wave power plant powered by respective interconnected functional units comprising a support structure (1a, 1b) terminated at a lower end with a fixing support (9c) to be anchored at a single point to a mass ( 9e) when deployed at sea, a submersible floating lift body (2) that provides buoyancy to the ocean wave power plant when deployed at sea, where the floating lift body (2) is attached to the support structure ( 1a, 1b), an electrical power generation subsystem (A) supported by a platform (8), a termination of the support structure (1a, 1b) at an upper end of the support structure, a transmission member (4, 4a, 18) is attached at one end to a floating body (3) and at the other end to the power generation subsystem (A) which transfers movement of the waves from the floating body (3) to the power generation subsystem (A) , in which the support structure (1a, 1 b), the floating body (3), the floating lifting body (2), the fixing bracket (9c), the power generation subsystem (A), the mass (9e), at least part of the limb The transmission (4, 4a, 18) is arranged interconnected along a common geometric axis, in which each respective functional unit is arranged symmetrically in weight around the common geometric axis, in which the support structure (1a, 1b) is guided through a hollow hole in the floating body (3) and is fixed to the floating lifting body (2), in which a movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement (100) is arranged in the center of the hollow hole, in which the part of the transmission member (4, 4a, 18) which is arranged along the common geometric axis is at one end connected to a central point on a top side of the movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement (100 ), and correspondingly continues to be further arranged along the geometric axis common rail and is additionally connected to a central position located opposite one side of the bottom of the movement limiting device or movement limiting arrangement (100), characterized by the fact that the floating body (3) comprises at least one first cavity (33) filled with air, in which at least a second cavity (36) can be filled with water through at least two respective openings (3f, 3h) located on one side of the bottom (34) of the floating body (3) when the floating body is implanted in the water, one-way respirators (31, 32) are arranged with openings in a top surface of the floating body (3) providing channels at least from the second cavity (36) providing ventilation when at least the second cavity is filled with water (36).
[0002]
2. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, when the transmission member (4, 4a) is a flexible transmission member, the power generation subsystem (A) comprises a bidirectional to unidirectional conversion mechanism driving an axis (7a) of an electric generator (7), in which the axis (7a) comprises a first pulley (5a) wound with the transmission member (4a) being guided and coming from the structure support (1a) and being engaged with the pulley (5a) on a front side of the pulley (5a), the pulley (5a) comprises a first freewheel device (51) connected to the shaft (7a), the transmission member is further guided out of the pulley (5a) from a rear side of the pulley (5a) towards and wound around a pulley (6a) supported by a support arm (12) providing tension of the transmission member (4, 4a) , the transmission member (4) is further guided towards a second pulley (5b) which comprises a second In the freewheel device (52) connected to the axle (7a), the transmission member (4) being engaged with the pulley (5b) on a rear side of the pulley (5b) before the transmission member (4) is guided to outside the pulley (5b) on the front side of the pulley (5b), in which the transmission member (4) is further guided towards the floating body (3) along the geometric axis of the ocean wave power plant.
[0003]
3. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that when the transmission member (18) comprises a pinion and rack gear, the power generation subsystem (A) comprises a bidirectional to unidirectional conversion mechanism driving an axis (7a) of an electric generator (7), in which the pinion and rack gear comprises two gears located above each other (17a, 17b) being engaged simultaneously by the rack (18) , where the gear (17a) is connected via an axle (19a) to a first freewheel device (51) which engages a gear (17c) on the axle (19c) where the gear (17c) engages a gear (17d) on the shaft (19d) which is at one end connected to the shaft (7a) of the electric power generator (7) and at the other end it is connected to the free wheel device (52) on an axis (19b), where the freewheeling device (52) is connected through the shaft (19b) to the gear gem (17b) which is engaged by the rack (18), the freewheel device (51) and the freewheel device (52) are made to be engaged one at a time respectively when the rack (18) moves upwards and when the rack (18) moves downwards.
[0004]
4. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flexible transmission member (4, 4a, 18) is made of different materials such as a cable, a metallic wire, a chain , a rack, or is made of sections of different interconnected materials, where a respective section of material can be of materials such as a cable, a metallic wire, a chain, or a rack.
[0005]
5. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a bidirectional movement up and down of a transmission member (4, 4a, 18) is converted to a unidirectional movement of a output shaft (19g), in which the bidirectional movement up and down of the transmission member (4, 4a, 18) is transferred through an input gear (17e) being connected to an axis (19e), in which the axle (19e) comprises a first freewheel device (51) and a second freewheel device (52), a gear (17f) is connected to the outer housing of the freewheel device (51), a gear (17g) the outer casing of the freewheel device (52) is connected, the gear (17g) is connected to a gear (17h) connected to the output shaft (19g), a gear (17k) is connected to the other end of the output shaft (19g), the gear (17k) is additionally connected to a gear (17j) which is also connected to the gear (17f), the freewheel device (51) and the freewheel device (52) are made to be engaged one at a time respectively when the input gear (17e) is respectively rotating in a defined direction, or in an opposite direction.
[0006]
6. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the floating lift body (2) is arranged with a watertight enclosure extended on the top side of the floating lift body ( 2), in which the encapsulation at least partially encapsulates the support structure (1a, 1b) and the transmission member (4, 4a, 18), in which the encapsulation is arranged to pass through the hollow hole of the floating body (3 ).
[0007]
7. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that when the transmission member is a rack (18) the movement limitation device (100) is made of a single ball joint ( 301).
[0008]
8. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the anchor mass (9e) is provided as a self-elevating anchor device (90) comprising a cavity 94 partially filled with gravel (95) located at the bottom of the cavity (94), in which a top surface of the self-elevating anchor (90) is provided with a recess comprising a fixing bracket, in which the fixing bracket is located close to the gravel ( 95) at the bottom of the recess, a first hose (93a) is connected to a first valve (92a), a second hose (93b) is connected to a second valve (92b), and both the first hose (93b) and the second hose (93b) the openings on a surface of the self-elevating anchor (90) are connected, at least a third valve (97) is arranged in fluid communication
[0009]
9. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the support structure (1a, 1b) is arranged with dampers (13a, 13b) in a top position of the support structure ( 1a, 1b).
[0010]
10. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a shock absorber (16c) is arranged on a top surface of the floating lift body (2).
[0011]
11. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the floating body (3) is designed as an elongated body.
[0012]
12. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the floating body (3) is designed as a round-shaped body.
[0013]
13. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a flywheel (25), provided with a flywheel mass calculated to provide synchronization of a natural frequency of the ocean wave power plant with a dominant frequency of ocean waves in a particular location for the implantation of the ocean wave power plant, it is fixed to a rotating axis in operational contact with the power generation subsystem (A).
[0014]
14. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the flywheel (25) is arranged as a plurality of elements that can be added to or removed from the rotary axis to which the flywheel (25) is fixed, thus allowing adjustments of the inertia effect fed by the handwheel (25).
[0015]
15. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the adjustments of the inertia effect are foreseen by the adjustment of a water level at least in the second cavity (36) of the floating body (3 ).
[0016]
16. Ocean wave power plant, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least two respective openings (3h, 3f) are arranged closer to the hollow hole (35) than to the outer edges of the body floating (3).
[0017]
17. Ocean wave power plant according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the floating body (3) comprises a plurality of first corresponding cavities (33) and second cavities (36) respectively, on which the surface from the bottom of the plurality of second cavities (36) is opened, in which one-way respirators (31,32) located on top of each of the respective plurality of the first cavities (33), which provide channels from each second cavity ( 36) respective, which provide ventilation when a second cavity (36) operatively connected is filled with water, are arranged with a reduced size of the openings, thus providing less ventilation which provides a damping of the knocking effects.
[0018]
18. Energy production park characterized by the fact that it comprises at least two ocean wave power plants as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein each of the respective at least two ocean wave power plants it comprises at least two floating bodies of different shapes (3).
[0019]
19. Method for implanting an ocean power plant, in which the method is characterized by the fact that it comprises: attaching a self-elevation anchor (90) as defined in claim 9 to an ocean power plant as defined in claim 1, fill the cavity (94) of the self-elevation anchor (90) with compressed air through the vent (92a) and / or the vent (92b), in this way the self-elevation anchor (90) will float in the water, tow the power plant of the ocean together with the self-elevation anchor (90) to a location where the ocean power plant is supposed to be located, sink the self-elevation anchor (90) by opening the vent (92a) and / or the vent (92b) and then fill the water cavity (94) through the vent (97) at the same time as the compressed air in the cavity (94) is vented out through the vent (92a) and / or the vent (92b).
[0020]
20. Method according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that an implanted ocean wave power plant is raised again from the implanted location by opening the vent (92a) and / or the vent (92b) and then blowing compressed air into the vent (92a) and / or the vent (92b) and then emptying the water trapped in the cavity (94) through the vent (97).
[0021]
21. Method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that the step of raising the implanted ocean wave power plant comprises additionally igniting explosives that are disposed under the self-elevation anchor (90).

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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US10240575B2|2019-03-26|

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CL2013000164A1|2013-07-26|

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PL2596235T3|2014-12-31|

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DK2596235T3|2014-09-22|

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CY1115924T1|2017-01-25|

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JP6101203B2|2017-03-22|

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BR112013001357A2|2016-05-17|

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CA2805129A1|2012-01-26|

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JP2013535605A|2013-09-12|

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EP2596235B1|2014-06-11|

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AU2011281672A1|2013-02-07|

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CN103189639A|2013-07-03|

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ES2501046T3|2014-10-01|

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PT2596235E|2014-09-17|

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AU2011281672B2|2016-10-13|

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SG187553A1|2013-03-28|

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EP2596235A1|2013-05-29|

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US20190285044A1|2019-09-19|

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US20130127168A1|2013-05-23|

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WO2012010518A1|2012-01-26|

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CA2805129C|2018-08-28|

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US10920739B2|2018-04-16|2021-02-16|Moosa Nematollahi Saein|Wave-power system|

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CN109723599B|2019-01-09|2020-06-30|中国石油大学|Float type wave energy power generation device capable of being lifted in remote control mode|

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CO2019004609A1|2019-05-04|2020-06-09|Gerencia Y Consultoria De Proyectos Estrategicos Sas Gecoproes Sas|System for the generation of energy from the movement of the maritime waves|

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US10914280B2|2019-06-06|2021-02-09|Arthur Lander|Wave power generator|

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WO2021107849A1|2019-11-25|2021-06-03|Ocean Harvesting Technologies Ab|Wave energy converter and buoy|

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NO345898B1|2020-03-26|2021-10-04|Ocean Energies As|An apparatus and a method for harvesting energy from ocean waves|

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JP6998021B2|2020-10-05|2022-01-18|浩平 速水|Power generation system|

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CN112539134A|2020-12-08|2021-03-23|南方电网电力科技股份有限公司|Energy conversion layered optimization control system and method for wave energy power generation device|

法律状态:
2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|

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2019-11-19| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|

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2020-07-28| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|

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2021-01-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2021-03-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP10170001.1|2010-07-19|

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EP10170001|2010-07-19|

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PCT/EP2011/062155|WO2012010518A1|2010-07-19|2011-07-15|Ocean wave power plant|

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