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    • 专利摘要:
    ocean floor seismic cable recording apparatus, seabed seismic cable recording apparatus deployment method and ocean floor seismic cable recording apparatus recovery method seabed seismic cable recording apparatus comprising a series of seismic node housings (1), wherein said node housings are separated from each other by separate tension member sections (2), in which each tension member section has acoustic decoupling arrangements (3 ) at each end connecting to said seismic node shells (1) and where each seismic node sheath comprises an autonomous sensor capsule (5) for checking and recording seismic data, the autonomous sensor capsule (5) is removable said seismic node shell (1) and wherein each seismic node shell (1) additionally comprises an internal compartment (4) which accommodates the autonomous sensor capsule ma (5).
    公开号:BR112012028017B1
    申请号:R112012028017-1
    申请日:2011-05-06
    公开日:2020-03-17
    发明作者:Jan Gateman；Ivar Gimse
    申请人:Magseis As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING APPLIANCE IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND, SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING APPLIANCE METHOD IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND AND SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING METHOD IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND
    INTRODUCTION
    [001] The present invention relates to the field of marine seismic exploration. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus for obtaining marine seismic data using seismic cables on the ocean floor; a seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor, a method of deploying the seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor and a method of recovering a seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor.
    BACKGROUND
    [002] Marine seismic exploration is normally conducted by firing a seismic source towed close to the sea surface by a ship. Seismic energy travels through the earth and parts of the transmitted energy will return to the surface after reflection and / or refraction due to discontinuities below the surface. Discontinuities are formed by intermediate surfaces between layers that have different elastic properties and are called seismic reflectors. The energy returned is recorded by seismic sensors on the seabed or near the sea surface. In marine seismic exploration, two main methods are used to record the return seismic energy. One is the use of so-called hydrophonic cables that are towed behind a ship. This method records only pressure waves (P waves), as the cutting waves (S waves) do not propagate through the water column. The other method is the deployment of seismic sensors on the seabed (geophones and hydrophones). In doing so, P waves and S waves can be recorded and, in this way, more useful data will be recorded, further processed and used for mapping below the surface.
    [003] In recent years, there has been an increase in activity in improving the results of marine seismic investigations by collecting seismic signals on the seabed, instead of or in addition to obtaining more usual hydrophonic flow signals.
    [004] Next, we will describe the existing known methods of obtaining marine seismic data using sensors located on the seabed, the so-called lower ocean seismic (OBS).
    [005] There are basically two main different OBS methods that are currently used.
    [006] The first method is to deploy a cable on the ocean floor with integrated seismic sensors and electrical and / or optical wiring from the sensors to the sea surface, where the seismic data is recorded. Seismic energy is generated by a seismic source deployed and towed by a separate vessel called the source vessel. The seismic cable is normally attached using data recording to the vessel that deploys the cable or another vessel. Real-time recording of all sensors takes place on board the surface vessel. A typical cable construction that connects the different sensors that are spaced along the cable (typically 25 or 50 m spacing) consists of electrical wires in the center of the cable with a steel wire armor as an outer skin that functions as a member of tension. The steel wire armor also protects the cable from tearing during deployment and recovery. This type of cable is sensitive to water leakage through its various electrical terminals. In this way, this method has the weakness of being inherently slow, as during unfolding and recovery, it is necessary to consider that the cable is sensitive to any bending or stretching forces. If the cable leaks, the cable typically needs to be recovered, repaired and re-folded before data collection can begin. The same applies in case of a cable break. Obtaining data using this type of cables on the ocean floor is relatively expensive due to the slow handling of the cables and because the common practice is to use three vessels, a source vessel, a vessel that launches the cable and a combined vessel that launches the cable and recording.
    [007] In recent years, a slightly different approach has been used, in which the recording vessel has been replaced by a recording buoy that also supplies the cable with electrical energy generated by a diesel generator or by batteries located in the buoy. All or part of the recorded data is then transmitted via a radio link from the buoy to the source vessel or the cable vessel. The second method of this that is used is to instill and recover autonomous seismic recording nodes to and from the seabed using an ROV or simply deposit the recording nodes on board and then drop them slowly until the seabed. In the latter case, the seismic recording nodes are recovered to the vessel on the surface by transmitting an acoustic signal that activates a mechanism in each node that activates its floating device or releases the node from an anchoring weight, in such a way that the knot can easily float to the sea surface on its own. These two methods are very time consuming and therefore expensive. These types of recording nodes are typically large and heavy.
    [008] Another way to use the knots that has been applied is to fix the individual knots to a flexible rope, depositing the knots loosely on the rope between them and then letting them descend to the bottom of the sea. After the end of the recording, the knots are recovered by pulling the rope upwards.
    [009] US 6,024,344 describes a method of recording seismic data in deep waters, whereby a free end of a continuous wire is lowered into the water and seismic recorders are then attached to the wire at selected intervals and lowered to the seabed. The wire can also provide electrical power or signal communication between adjacent recorders or even a vessel on the surface.
    [010] US 6,657,921 B1 describes a data collection system of underlying geological formations, through which shelters with a first end that have a hydrodynamic profile are deployed in the water and then fall quickly to the bottom of the sea. The shelters are reconfigured by a controller when they come into contact with the seabed. Each shelter can contain a marine seismic sensor that can be disconnected from its shelter, in order to facilitate the recovery of the seismic sensor from the seabed.
    [011] WO2009 / 039252 A1 discloses an oceanic submarine cable constructed from a series of axially aligned cable segments arranged alternately with sensor units. The sensor units include an external housing with an internal cavity in which a sensor module is suspended by a cradle. The vanes of the sensor module protrude through axially elongated openings in the external compartment to dig into the seabed to provide a good seismic coupling between the seabed and the pressure sensors and motion sensors housed in the sensor module. Strain members, such as high modulus fiber cables, extend the ends of adjacent cable segments. The axial channels formed in the intermediate external sensor housing, on opposite sides of the sensor module, receive the tension members that, together with the cradle, provide seismic isolation between the cable segments and the sensor modules.
    [012] The need for ROV for most node system operations makes node manipulation less efficient and expensive. Node searches are therefore typically sampled approximately in the receiving domain compared to OBS cable searches. Cost and sampling issues limit the application of nodes to areas where OBS cable surveys are not an option for operational reasons, such as in the vicinity of infrastructure or in deep water.
    [013] The cable-based methods described above typically have a 25 m gap between sensors and allow much more dense underground sampling in the direction of the line and in less time compared to methods using separate nodes. Cable-based systems, however, have limitations when used in deeper waters due to the high voltage on the cable with its optical and / or electrical cabling, as well as a greater possibility of water leakage in the electrical terminals between the cable and each house sensor. Large receiver broadcasts have proven difficult to operate due to the operational difficulties mentioned above. As a result, a lot of time is wasted resolving overlaps. In deep waters, cable-based systems experience increased mechanical wear and technical shutdown times to be able to compete with node-based systems.
    [014] The obtaining methods described above are not viable solutions for large research. Despite their ability to provide better azimuth and compensation coverage, as well as S-wave data, the efficiency of these systems is too low compared to seismic current systems towed on the surface.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [015] The present invention has been designed to solve or at least reduce the problems of the state of the art indicated above.
    [016] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor comprising: a series of seismic cable shells, wherein said shells are separated from each other by separate tension member sections which have acoustic decoupling arrangements at each end that connects said seismic node shells and in which each seismic node sheath comprises an autonomous sensor capsule for verifying and recording seismic data, in which the autonomous sensor capsule is removable from said shell seismic node and each seismic node enclosure additionally comprises an internal compartment that accommodates the autonomous sensor capsule.
    [017] The autonomous sensor capsule can be equipped with an external housing that withstands high water pressure. The stand-alone sensor capsule may additionally comprise means for storing recorded data and a power supply unit. In one embodiment, the autonomous sensor capsule can additionally comprise three orthogonal geophones that record in the x, y and z directions, a hydrophone, a data recording unit and a battery and data storage unit. The battery and data storage unit can, after the end of the data recording, be arranged in a docking station to discharge the data and recharge or replace the battery. In one embodiment, at least two batteries and data storage units are positioned symmetrically at opposite ends of the autonomous sensor capsule. The battery and data storage unit also comprise, in another embodiment, a separate removable unit that can contain a real-time clock and a CPU board with memory. The removable unit can be adapted for placement in a docking station to compare and adjust the clock frequency in real time with a reference frequency. In addition, the removable unit can be adapted for placement in a docking station to program and reprogram the CPU board and to download data from memory.
    [018] In one embodiment, the autonomous sensor capsule and the internal compartment may have corresponding shapes, in order to provide a tight fit of the sensor capsule with the seismic node shell. The seismic knot shell may additionally comprise a quick release and locking mechanism for the autonomous sensor capsule.
    [019] Seismic knot wrappers can have flexible integrated joints that allow the folding of said knot wrappers during winding in coils. The seismic knot wrappers can also have a shape and weight distribution to guarantee the seismic coupling to sediments on the seabed. The seismic knot wrappers may have a low profile shape to allow efficient winding over coils during deployment and recovery. The seismic node housings may additionally comprise holes or openings that allow a hydrophone of the autonomous sensor capsule to be in direct contact with the surrounding water. Seismic knot shells can be removable from decoupling devices. Stress member sections can be provided acting as weights to ensure proper seismic coupling of the seismic knot shell to the seabed. Additional weight members can be attached to the tension member sections or seismic knot housings in order to stabilize said seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor during deployment. The seismic cable recording device at the bottom of the ocean can be attached to a buoy on the surface by a conductive wire after unfolding. The seismic knot casings with the acoustic decoupling devices can be fixed by means of flexible connectors to the tension member sections, in such a way that they can rotate freely around its longitudinal axis, avoiding any bending or twisting during the unfolding or recovery . The stand-alone sensor capsule can additionally comprise means of measuring and recording an internal and / or external temperature at a location on the seabed.
    [020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of deploying a seismic cable recording apparatus at the bottom of the ocean as defined above, wherein said method comprises: deploying said seismic cable recording apparatus at the bottom of the ocean at the bottom of the sea from at least one coil arrangement on a ship and manual or automatic insertion of autonomous sensor capsules into the seismic node shells before said seismic node shells are deployed at sea. In one embodiment, the autonomous sensor capsule is automatically inserted into the node envelope by an industrial robot.
    [021] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of recovering a seismic cable recording apparatus at the bottom of the ocean as defined above, wherein said method comprises winding said seismic cable recording apparatus at the bottom from the ocean on at least one coil arrangement, manual or automatic separation of the autonomous sensor capsules from the seismic node shells during winding and recovery of the seismic data from the aforementioned autonomous sensor capsules.
    [022] In one embodiment, the method further comprises placing the sensor capsule in a docking station for data discharging and battery recharging. In addition, the battery and data storage unit can be removed from the sensor capsule and the battery and data storage unit is placed in a docking station for data discharging and battery recharging. The removable unit can be placed in a docking station and the clock frequency in real time is compared and adjusted with a reference frequency. In an additional embodiment, the removable unit can be placed in a docking station, the CPU board is programmed or reprogrammed and data is downloaded from the flash memory. An industrial robot can be used for the automatic removal of the autonomous sensor capsule from the node shell. Industrial robots can also be used to administer the docking procedure for the battery and data storage unit and to administer the docking procedure for the removable unit.
    [023] The device provides a series of seismic node shells that are connected at both ends by means of acoustic decoupling devices to individual sections of the tension member that separate the shells from seismic nodes. Each seismic node enclosure has an internal compartment that contains a stand-alone sensor capsule. The autonomous sensor capsule typically contains a set of three geophones arranged orthogonally to record seismic data in the x, y, z direction, a hydrophone, digital recording instruments, recorded data storage media and a power supply unit. The autonomous sensor capsule can additionally contain other types of sensors for measurements to be used with respect to geophysical exploration. The tension member sections and the acoustic decoupling devices are strictly mechanical devices and do not contain any optical or electrical cabling. After the recovery of the seismic cable apparatus from the ocean floor to the sea surface, data is downloaded and the power supply unit is recharged.
    [024] The present invention will overcome many of the limitations that are inherent in existing systems, since the cable, which is composed of individual tension member sections that connect the individual seismic node shells by means of acoustic decoupling devices, does not contain any optical or electrical cabling. This will allow the cable to be constructed to withstand much higher mechanical stress and wear. The vessel laying the cable will therefore be able to operate at a higher speed during deployment and recovery. As each seismic node enclosure comprises an autonomous sensor capsule for checking and recording seismic data, that is, no data and energy transfer along the cable, there are no restrictions on the cable length. A malfunctioning autonomous sensor capsule will not influence the seismic data recorded by the other autonomous sensor capsules located along the cable. In addition, the smaller physical size of the knot capsule with respect to the knot wrap can also allow for more efficient handling and storage on board the ship when detached from the knot wrap.
    [025] The proposed new device will be suitable for conducting seismic surveys on the ocean floor (OBS) at any depth of water and the use of this device will significantly reduce costs compared to existing systems for obtaining OBS data.
    [026] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [027] Examples of embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the following figures, in which: [028] - Figure 1 illustrates an ocean floor seismic recording cable apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
    [029] - Figure 2 illustrates in more detail a seismic node wrapper and the corresponding autonomous sensor capsule with battery and data storage unit of a seismic recording cable apparatus on the ocean floor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
    [030] - Figure 3 illustrates an autonomous sensor capsule with two batteries and detachable data storage units arranged symmetrically in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
    [031] - Figure 4 illustrates a seismic knot wrap with flexible sections integrated into the body, which allows more efficient winding over the coils, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
    [032] - Figure 5 illustrates obtaining data with a seismic cable device on the ocean floor unfolded on the seabed, fixed by means of a conducting wire to a buoy on the sea surface and a ship towing a source seismic to generate seismic signals, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
    [033] - Figure 6 illustrates a seismic recording cable apparatus on the ocean floor with a detachable seismic knot shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
    [034] - Figure 7 illustrates a battery and data storage unit with a separate removable unit comprising a real-time clock and a CPU board with memory in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and [035] - Figure 8 illustrates a seismic node enclosure with an internal compartment together with an autonomous sensor capsule that has a corresponding external space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [036] Examples of realizations will be described with reference to the figures. The same reference figures are used for identical or similar characteristics in all figures and throughout the specification.
    [037] Figure 1 illustrates a part of a seismic recording cable apparatus at the bottom of the autonomous ocean. Several seismic node shells 1 are separated from each other by separate tension member sections 2. Each tension member section has acoustic decoupling arrangements 3 at each end for connection to seismic node shells 1. Figure 1 shows only two nodes sensors on the cable for illustration purposes. As shown in Figure 1, the individual tension member sections 2 are attached by means of acoustic decoupling devices 3 to the seismic node enclosure 1. The individual tension member sections 2 and the acoustic decoupling devices 3 connect each sensor node 1 and form the recording cable. In Figure 1, the seismic node wrappers are equipped with an inner compartment 4 in which a stand-alone sensor capsule is placed 5. The stand-alone sensor capsule is accommodated by compartment 4. The sensor capsule and inner compartment 4 can be shaped corresponding, in order to provide a tight fit of the sensor capsule inside the seismic knot housing. The sensor capsules are removable from the seismic knot wrappers. The removable sensor capsules allow the winding and storage of the cable in coils, when on board the ship, without containing any sensitive electronic components. Each sensor capsule can also be programmed and controlled to determine functionality before unfolding the cable. This will be explained in detail below.
    [038] Figure 2 illustrates in more detail a seismic node envelope 1 of the apparatus of Figure 1 and the autonomous sensor capsule 5. As illustrated in Figure 2, each autonomous sensor capsule 5 can contain at least one set of three geophones 12 arranged orthogonally to record seismic data in the x, y, z direction together with a hydrophone 11, digital recording instruments 10, pre-processing software and a battery and data storage unit 6.
    [039] The geophones in the autonomous sensor capsules can be analog devices that provide an electrical signal proportional to the speed of the devices of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or terrestrial, optical-electrical devices or any other device that emits an optical or electrical signal proportional to the displacement on land. The hydrophone can be an optical or piezoelectric transducer that generates an optical or electrical signal when subjected to a pressure change. Geophones can be arranged in geometric configurations other than the x, y, z direction, such as Galperin geometry.
    [040] The battery and data storage unit 6 can be detachable from the autonomous sensor capsule. Seismic data can be retrieved from the battery and data storage unit 6, for example, by placing the data storage unit in a docking station 7. When the data storage units and battery 6 are placed in the stations coupling 7, the batteries can be replaced or recharged at the same time. The retrieval of seismic data from the sensor capsule can, in another embodiment, be performed directly from the autonomous sensor capsule by wireless methods, such as optical or radio transmission or by connecting an electrical cable. The hydrophone 11 can, in one embodiment, be located on the outer surface of the autonomous sensor capsule 5 or, in another embodiment, be placed inside the autonomous sensor capsule 5 attached to the outer wall of the autonomous sensor capsule 5. In the latter In this case, the hydrophone 11 will record pressure changes in the water verifying induced displacements of the mentioned external wall. The autonomous sensor capsule 5 can additionally contain other types of sensors for measurements that can be used in connection with geophysical exploration, such as dip and bearing, salinity or temperature sensors. The outer wall of the seismic node wrapper 1 can have a series of holes or openings 28 of any shape or size, such that the autonomous sensor capsule 5 can be in direct contact with the surrounding water when placed on the seabed . The tension member sections 2 and the decoupling devices 3 are strictly mechanical devices and do not contain any optical or electrical cabling.
    [041] The tension member 2 sections may comprise a single steel wire or a series of steel wires arranged in parallel. In another embodiment, tension member sections 2 can be constructed of any other material or combination of materials with the correct density and with properties to withstand the stress and torsion forces induced during deployment and recovery. The tension member sections 2 are connected, at both ends, to acoustic decoupling devices 3 that will minimize or prevent the traffic of any unwanted seismic noise along the cable to contaminate the seismic data recorded by geophones 12 or hydrophone 11 located on autonomous sensor capsule 5. The length of each tension member section 2, including the acoustic decoupling devices 3, is typically in the range of 12.5 m to 50 m, but can, in some situations, be greater or less. The actual length of the tension member 2 sections used for a specific cable will be determined depending on the lateral sampling interval for which the specific cable system would be designed. The connection between the tension member sections 2 and the acoustic decoupling devices 3 can, in one embodiment, be fixed. In another embodiment, the connection between the tension member sections 2 and the acoustic decoupling devices 3 can be flexible, such that one component of the cable can rotate with respect to another component. Several sections of tension member 2 with seismic knot envelopes 1 and acoustic decoupling devices 3 attached to them can be connected together, forming cable sections with a length of about 150 to 500 meters or more. Several of these cable sections can be coupled together, forming the complete autonomous systemic cable that can be several kilometers long. It is inherent in the present invention that there will be no limitation on the possible length of the autonomous systemic cable in comparison with the existing systems, in which there are limitations due to the greater demand for electrical energy to be transmitted to the sensors with longer cable lengths and the associated increase in the number of sensors. The physical connection between the different cable sections can, in one embodiment, be fixed. In another embodiment, the physical connection between the different cable sections can be flexible, in such a way that different cable sections can also rotate with each other, in order to avoid any twisting of the cable during deployment or retrieval. Weight members may also, if necessary, be attached to tension member 2 sections at user selectable intervals to allow operations in areas with strong ocean currents or when deploying equipment in deep water. These weight members can be made, for example, of lead, steel or any other suitable material that has the correct density. The weight members can preferably be shaped in such a way that their shape would minimize the additional forces that they could impose on the cable. Other modules to be attached may include navigation means to actually decide the location of the cable and the individual seismic sensor housings 1, or galvanic anodes for corrosive protection.
    [042] Seismic node wrappers 1 with autonomous sensor capsules 5 inserted will record seismic data corresponding to the sensor nodes that are integrated and used in cables on the state of the art ocean floor. A difference with respect to coupling to the seabed, however, is the use of tension member 2 sections in place of the state of the art steel armored cable. This, for the present invention, due to the higher density and smaller diameter of the tension member 2 sections, will improve the coupling to the seabed. The use of additional weight members attached to tension members 2 or seismic knot casings 1 can also improve the acoustic coupling to the seabed in some conditions.
    [043] Seismic knot wrappers 1 can, in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, be made of steel or other rigid material and be constructed with flexible joints 8 made of an elastic material such as rubber, in order to allow for folding of the seismic knot wrappers 1, after removal of the autonomous sensor capsule 5. The flexible joints 8 can alternatively be made of the same material as the seismic knot wrappers 1 or other rigid material and be joined, allowing the movement of the different parts of the seismic knot envelopes 1 to each other. Seismic knot wrappers 1 that can be folded will allow more efficient manipulation and winding of the cable on reels 9 on board the ship, as shown in Figure 4. The present invention may, due to the use of flexible seismic knot wrappers 1, small acoustic decoupling 3 and tension member sections 2 with smaller diameter, allow more cable over each coil 9, allowing the handling and storage of longer cables on board the ship. When the autonomous sensor capsules 5 are inserted into the seismic knot wrappers 1 during deployment, the seismic knot wrappers 1 will again become inflexible and rigid. In addition, existing OBS systems are often exposed to great forces due to the actual weight of the cable itself and the larger diameter of the shielded cable which can, due to currents in seawater, create high forces, causing damage to the cable. These types of forces will fall with the present invention, since the smaller diameter of the tension member 2 sections will generate less drag on the cable.
    [044] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the acoustic decoupling devices 3 are attached to the two ends of each seismic node shell 1 and separate them from the tension member sections 2. As the seismic sensor capsules are autonomous , there are no continuous optical / electrical transmission lines along the entire length of the resulting autonomous seismic cable recording device. This simplifies the arrangement of connections between the tension member sections and the seismic node enclosures, as the connection does not need to be waterproof and rigid in order to avoid transmission line break and node failure. The acoustic decoupling devices 3 can have dimensions much smaller than those used in the prior art. As in the prior art these devices normally have a secondary function such as bending restrictors which is necessary in order to protect the prior art cables against bending during deployment and recovery, this may cause them to break or cause water leakage to the cable and its sensors. The acoustic decoupling devices may, in another embodiment, include flexible elements in order to make the cable more elastic during handling and winding on board the ship.
    [045] Autonomous sensor capsules 5 can be made of titanium, steel or any other material with similar properties. The stand-alone sensor capsules can be constructed with a cylindrical internal compartment as shown in Figure 2 or with a series of cylindrical internal compartments that can be interconnected. The autonomous sensor capsules 5 are designed to withstand high water pressure under the sea. Each stand-alone sensor capsule 5 can have an opening at one end for insertion and removal of the battery and data storage unit 6 as shown in Figure 2 or as shown in Figure 3, two openings, where an opening is located at each end corresponding short of the autonomous sensor capsule formed in tube 5.
    [046] As shown in Figure 8, at least part of the surface of the autonomous sensor capsule 5 may have an external shape that corresponds to the external shape of the seismic node shell 1. When the autonomous sensor capsule 5 is inserted in the internal compartment 4 of the seismic node shell, the surface portion of the stand-alone sensor capsule 27 is integral with the outer surface of the seismic node shell 1. A complete outer surface of the node shell 1 is therefore formed with the sensor shell inserted. The surface part of the stand-alone sensor capsule 5 can also function as its own cover when inserted into the seismic node shell 1. The outer surface of the seismic node shell with inserted stand-alone sensor capsule 5 can be symmetrical around a longitudinal plane of the seismic node envelope. The longitudinal cross section of the seismic knot shell is elliptical in Figure 8, but other geometric shapes or combinations of geometric shapes can also be designed. A smooth outer surface of the seismic knot casing can provide enhanced hydrodynamic behavior and therefore minimize the stress and rotation forces imposed during cable deployment and recovery. A smooth, even surface will also ensure good seismic coupling to the seabed sediments.
    [047] As in the realization of Figures 1, 2 and 8, the autonomous sensor capsule 5 has an external shape that provides a tight fit with the internal space / compartment 4 of the seismic node. The tight fit ensures that the geophones inside the autonomous sensor capsule 5 will be able to correctly check and record the seismic waves transferred from the sediments on the seabed through the seismic knot shell.
    [048] The autonomous sensor capsule and the internal space 4 are designed to allow easy removal and insertion of the autonomous sensor capsule in the internal space 4 of the seismic node. At the same time, it must be ensured that the autonomous sensor capsule is firmly attached and fixed in the correct position in the internal space 4 during the operation of the seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor. In one embodiment, this can be achieved through a separate quick release and locking mechanism incorporated into the seismic node wrapper 1 (not shown in Figure 8). The quick release and lock mechanism may comprise a spring loaded screw, spring, thread or any similar arrangement. In addition, this release and locking mechanism also ensures that the process of inserting and removing each autonomous sensor capsule 5 can be carried out automatically and obtained in a short time.
    [049] As shown in Figure 3, the battery and data storage unit 6 may include a waterproof seal connector device containing a battery pack 13, a memory such as flash memory or any other appropriate memory for data storage 23 and an electrical connection socket 14. The battery and data storage unit 6 may have rechargeable or primary type batteries 13. In another embodiment shown in Figure 3, two data storage units and battery 6 can be used, one at each end of the autonomous sensor capsule 2. This will allow for more uniform weight distribution of the seismic node wrapper 1 which can improve the coupling ground acoustic. Another benefit of this provision may be the fact that, if the survey is of short duration, only one of the batteries 13 would provide electrical energy for recording seismic data and the other battery 13 would act as a backup. The same backup principle will also apply to the storage of data in flash memory 23.
    [050] As shown in Figure 7, the battery and data storage unit 6, shown with connection socket 27, may, in an additional embodiment, comprise a separate removable unit 24. The separate removable unit 24 may comprise a clock real-time 25 and a CPU card 26. The real-time clock may contain a quartz oscillator, such as ocxo, mcxo, txx or vctcxo of the state of the art or any other type of oscillator that provides the necessary frequency stability. The real-time clock guarantees the synchronization and control of each autonomous sensor capsule, allowing the detection of seismic signals with high precision and punctuality. The CPU board can also include a memory (such as flash memory) for storing recorded data. The CPU board also provides a processing unit that, in a timely manner, can control all the tasks necessary to complete the overall functionality of the system. These tasks may include configuring records with data, reading data from records, to trigger events at the correct time and in the correct order and handling communications between different units in the sensor capsule or between the separate removable unit 24 and a docking station. The CPU board can also include means to perform certain steps of pre-processing the recorded seismic data, such as resampling or filtering. As shown in Figure 7, the battery and data storage unit 6 can also contain two separate batteries 13. To ensure system redundancy, only one battery at a time can provide electrical power for seismic recording and the other battery 13 would act as a backup.
    [051] When the cable is deployed from the ship, the autonomous sensor capsules 5 are first checked to determine functionality and then inserted into the internal compartments 4 of the seismic node wrappers 1 before the cable is harnessed over the plate.
    [052] Figure 5 illustrates how an autonomous cable was deployed on the seabed 18. Also shown is a standard seismic source ship 21 that can be used to generate a seismic signal, for example, by an air gun assembly traditional 20. After the firing ends by the ship, the autonomous cable is recovered by a winding arrangement located on the ship's deck that deposits the cable. This winding arrangement may be the same as the winding arrangement 9 of Figure 4 for harnessing the seismic cable. The autonomous sensor capsules can be separated manually or automatically from the seismic knot wrappers on the ship's deck during winding, transported to a separate space on board the ship, opened and the seismic data retrieved from the battery and data storage unit 6 , for example, by placing the battery and data storage unit 6 in a docking station 7. Alternatively, the separate removable unit 24 can be disconnected from the battery and data storage unit 6 and the removable unit 24 placed in the station dock 7. When the battery and data storage unit 6 or separate removable unit 24 is placed in dock 7, the batteries can be replaced or recharged at the same time. The removable unit 24 is adapted for placement in a docking station 7, for programming and reprogramming of the CPU board 26 and downloading of data from memory 23. When the removable unit 24 is placed in the docking station 7, the clock frequency at real time 25 can also be compared and adjusted with a reference frequency. Synchronization can also be carried out after unfolding on the ocean floor.
    [053] In another embodiment, data recovery, programming, reprogramming and synchronization can be performed directly to and from the autonomous sensor capsule by wireless methods such as optical or radio transmission or by an electrical connection cable.
    [054] Autonomous sensor capsules 5 can, in another embodiment, on board the seismic vessel, be inserted, removed and / or transported to and from the seismic node shells by one or a series of manipulators with multiple reprogrammable and controlled purposes automatically on three or more axes, such as industrial robots. In addition, the procedure for coupling the battery and data storage unit 6 and coupling the removable unit 24 can be managed by an industrial robot. The entire process can therefore be automated, which facilitates the handling of large diffusers with large quantities of sensor capsules, saving time and money.
    [055] An alternative embodiment of the seismic node wrappers 1 is illustrated in Figure 6. In Figure 6, the seismic node wrappers 1 themselves are detachable from the acoustic decoupling devices 3. The stand-alone sensor capsules 5 can be integrated and possibly embedded in the wrappings of seismic nodes. When retrieving the autonomous seismic cable from the seabed, the seismic knot wrappers can be detached manually or automatically from the decoupling devices 3 and the seismic data retrieved after the autonomous sensor capsules 5, in which the aforementioned sensor capsules are removed or even integrated into the sensor housing, for example, by means of data transmission carried out at docking stations as explained previously.
    [056] As shown in Figure 5, the stand-alone cable with its 1-node shells, with stand-alone sensor capsules inserted (not shown in Figure 5) and connected by means of acoustic decoupling devices (not shown in Figure 5) to tension 5 member sections has been fully deployed on the seabed. At both ends, an anchor weight 16 can be attached in order to fix the position of the cable. A conductive wire 15 can be attached to one end of the autonomous cable, leading to the surface of the sea 19 and there it can be fixed to a buoy 17. Several autonomous cables can, in this way, be deployed in different locations on the seabed 18, the in order to simultaneously record seismic data during shooting sessions.
    [057] While obtaining data, environmental noise can be recorded. As the present invention records seismic data autonomously, this noise can be recorded by a separate data acquisition system with real-time data transfer to one of the vessels, for quality control purposes. Several environmental noise recording options are feasible. One option is to record the data with a short seismic tape towed behind the source vessel. The data is transferred to the recording system on the source boat using the tape. Data source data can then be analyzed. Another option is to deploy a traditional cable at the bottom of the short ocean with just a few sensor modules. The sensor modules are equipped with three geophones that record x, y and z components and a hydrophone. The data is transferred using a conductive cable to a recording buoy and then transferred by radio to one of the vessels for analysis. Alternatively, hydrophones can be mounted on the conductor cable and geophones left out. Such data recording systems can be deployed independently of the present invention or deployed together with the present invention and use the conductive wire of the present invention 15. In this case, the buoy 17 needs to be replaced by a buoy containing a recording system and equipment radio transfer of environmental data.
    [058] The autonomous seismic acquisition system allows very long recording cables to be deployed, as the tension member sections 2, the acoustic decoupling devices 3 and the seismic node wrappers 1 do not contain any optical or electrical cabling, which makes winding in standard 9 reels very easy. This is because there are no electronic devices, sensors or other sensitive units attached to the cable that could be sensitive to the bending, tension and forces associated with winding and handling the cable on board the ship.
    [059] The seismic acquisition system is particularly suitable for so-called ocean floor seismic surveys (OBS) at any depth of water and the use of the present invention can significantly reduce the cost of obtaining it compared to the state of the art.
    [060] The present invention is of course not restricted in any way to the embodiments described above. On the contrary, many possibilities for modifications will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art, without abandoning the basic idea of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (31)
    [1]
    1. SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING APPLIANCE IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND, characterized by comprising: a series of seismic node housings (1), in which said node housings are separated from each other by separate tension member sections (2), each tension member section has acoustic decoupling arrangements (3) at each end that connect to said seismic node shells (1) and each seismic node sheath comprises an autonomous sensor capsule (5) for checking and recording seismic data , wherein the autonomous sensor capsule (5) is removable from said seismic node shell (1) and each seismic node shell (1) additionally comprises an internal compartment (4) that accommodates the autonomous sensor capsule (5).
    [2]
    2. RECORDING APPLIANCE, according to claim 1, characterized by the autonomous sensor capsule (5) having an external housing that withstands high water pressure.
    [3]
    RECORDING DEVICE, according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule additionally comprises means for storing recorded data and a power supply unit.
    [4]
    4. RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule (5) comprises three orthogonal geophones (12) that record in the x, y and z directions, a hydrophone (11), recording unit data (10) and a battery and data storage unit (6).
    [5]
    5. RECORDING DEVICE, according to claim 4, characterized in that at least two batteries and data storage units (6) are positioned symmetrically at opposite ends of the autonomous sensor capsule (5).
    [6]
    6. RECORDING DEVICE, according to either of claims 4 or 5, characterized by the battery and the data storage unit (6) after the end of the data recording is placed in a docking station (7) for discharging data. data and battery charging (13).
    [7]
    RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the battery and data storage unit (6) additionally comprise a removable unit (24), wherein said removable unit (24) comprises a clock in real time (25), a CPU board (26) and a memory (23).
    [8]
    8. RECORDING DEVICE, according to claim 7, characterized in that the removable unit (24) is adapted for placement in a docking station (7) to compare and adjust the clock frequency in real time (25) with a frequency of reference.
    [9]
    RECORDING DEVICE, according to either of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the removable unit (24) is adapted for placement in a docking station (7), for programming and reprogramming the CPU board (26) and for unload data from memory (23).
    [10]
    10. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule and the internal compartment (4) have corresponding formats, in order to provide a tight fit of the sensor capsule inside the seismic node shell.
    [11]
    11. RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the seismic knot shell comprises a release mechanism and quick lock for the autonomous sensor capsule.
    [12]
    12. RECORDING EQUIPMENT, according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the seismic knot wrappers (1) have shape and weight distribution to guarantee the seismic coupling to sediments on the seabed.
    [13]
    13. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the seismic knot wrappers (1) have a low profile shape to allow effective winding over coils (9) during unfolding and recovery.
    [14]
    14. RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the seismic node wrappings (1) comprise holes or openings (28) which allow a hydrophone (11) of the autonomous sensor capsule (5) to be in contact straight with the water around.
    [15]
    15. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the seismic knot shells (1) have integrated flexible joints (8) that allow the folding of said knot shells during winding on coils (9).
    [16]
    16. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the seismic node wrappers (1) are disconnectable from the acoustic decoupling devices (3).
    [17]
    17. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the tension member sections (2) are acting as weights in order to guarantee proper seismic coupling of the seismic knot shell (1) to the seabed.
    [18]
    18. RECORDING APPLIANCE according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises additional weight members that can be fixed to the tension member sections (2) or seismic node shells (1), in order to stabilize the recording device. seismic cable at the bottom of the ocean during deployment.
    [19]
    19. RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the seismic knot casings (1) with the acoustic decoupling devices (3) are fixed by means of flexible connectors to the tension member sections (2), from such that they can rotate freely around its longitudinal axis, avoiding any bending or twisting during unfolding or recovery.
    [20]
    20. RECORDING EQUIPMENT according to any of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule (5) comprises means of measuring and recording the external and / or internal temperature at a location on the seabed.
    [21]
    21. RECORDING DEVICE, according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the seismic cable recording apparatus is fixed to a surface buoy (17) by a guide wire after unfolding.
    [22]
    22. METHOD OF DEPLOYING SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING DEVICE IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized by said method comprising: - deployment of said seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor at the bottom of the sea from at least one coil arrangement on a ship; and - manual or automatic insertion of autonomous sensor capsules (5) in the seismic node wrappers (1) before the deployment of said seismic node wrappers in the sea.
    [23]
    23. METHOD, according to claim 22, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule (5) is automatically inserted into the node housing (1) by an industrial robot.
    [24]
    24. METHOD OF RECOVERING SEISMIC CABLE RECORDING EQUIPMENT IN THE OCEAN BACKGROUND, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized by said method comprising: - winding said seismic cable recording apparatus on the ocean floor over at least one coil arrangement; - manual or automatic removal of the autonomous sensor capsules (5) from the seismic node wrappers (1) during winding; and - recovery of seismic data from the mentioned autonomous sensor capsules.
    [25]
    25. METHOD, according to claim 24, characterized in that it additionally comprises placing the sensor capsule (5) in a docking station (7) for discharging data and recharging the batteries (13).
    [26]
    26. METHOD, according to claim 24, characterized in that it further comprises the removal of the battery and data storage unit (6) from the sensor capsule (5) and placement of the battery and data storage unit (6) in a storage station. coupling (7) to discharge data and recharge the batteries (13).
    [27]
    27. METHOD, according to claim 24, characterized in that the removable unit (24) is placed in a docking station (7) and the frequency of the real-time clock (25) is compared and adjusted with a reference frequency.
    [28]
    28. METHOD according to either of claims 24 or 27, characterized in that the removable unit (24) is placed in a docking station (7), the CPU board (26) is programmed or reprogrammed and the data is downloaded from memory ( 23).
    [29]
    29. METHOD, according to claim 24, characterized in that the autonomous sensor capsule (5) is automatically removed from the node housing (1) by an industrial robot.
    [30]
    30. METHOD according to either of claims 25 or 26, characterized in that the procedure for coupling the battery and data storage unit (6) is administered by an industrial robot.
    [31]
    31. METHOD according to either of claims 27 or 28, characterized in that the procedure for coupling the removable unit (24) is administered by an industrial robot.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NO331416B1|2011-12-27|
    US8675446B2|2014-03-18|
    DK201200703A|2012-11-08|
    CA2796841A1|2011-11-10|
    GB2493315A|2013-01-30|
    GB201220845D0|2013-01-02|
    CN102933985A|2013-02-13|
    EA201291204A1|2013-04-30|
    AU2011249136A1|2012-12-20|
    MY162116A|2017-05-31|
    EA027580B1|2017-08-31|
    EP2567260B1|2018-08-22|
    EP2567260A1|2013-03-13|
    MX2012012427A|2013-12-02|
    GB2493315B|2015-05-27|
    US20130058192A1|2013-03-07|
    CN102933985B|2016-03-02|
    AU2011249136B2|2013-11-14|
    DK178813B1|2017-02-13|
    NO20121460A1|2013-01-31|
    CA2796841C|2017-10-17|
    NO20100660A1|2011-11-08|
    EP2567260A4|2017-04-26|
    WO2011139159A1|2011-11-10|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-27| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/05/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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