• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL PROCESS AND PROCESS EXECUTION DEVICE. Process of non-destructive control of a mechanical part that consists of directing high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source to the part (20) and capturing the radiation that passed through the part (12). A mask (28) that absorbs electromagnetic radiation is inserted between the source (16) and the mechanical part (12) and comprises at least one opening (30) aligned with the source (16) and a given zone (20) to be controlled the part (12), the shape and dimensions of the opening (30) being determined so that only the given zone (20) to control the part (12) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
    公开号:BR112012026637B1
    申请号:R112012026637-3
    申请日:2011-05-17
    公开日:2020-10-13
    发明作者:Yves Jacotin
    申请人:Snecma；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION DEVICE FOR A MECHANICAL PART” [0001] The present invention relates to a non-destructive inspection process of a mechanical part, such as a turbine blade, by transmitting high energy electromagnetic radiation through the part , as well as a device for the execution of the process.
    [0002] Among the different non-destructive inspection techniques, it is known to direct high-energy electromagnetic radiation such as X radiation to a part to be inspected and to recover the emerging radiation with the aid of a detector in order to form an image that reflects the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the internal structure of the part to be inspected, which makes it possible to highlight the presence or absence of defects in the part.
    [0003] However, in this technique, the radiation emitted by the source impacts the entire part to be inspected and is diffused through the environment of the part by the internal structure of that part, which leads to the formation of diffuse zones and a decrease in contrast in images obtained that do not allow the detection of defects.
    [0004] This drawback is especially important in the case of inspection of hollow blades such as blades from a turbine stage and a turbomachinery. In fact, these sheets have a complex internal three-dimensional structure and also comprise a thermal protection coating that leads to a great diffusion of radiation within the latter.
    [0005] To reduce these difficulties, it was therefore proposed to have filtering means such as a plate made of beryllium between the source of electromagnetic radiation and the part to be inspected in order to eliminate the low energy components of the incident radiation, which favor the formation diffused radiation.
    [0006] It is also known to have an absorbent mask around the piece to be inspected in order to limit or cancel the radiation diffused by the environment of the piece.
    [0007] However, neither of these two solutions is satisfactory since in the first case, not only are the filtering means insufficient to eliminate all radiation diffused by the internal structure of the part, but they also lead to a decrease in contrast and sensitivity detection by suppression of a part of the incident radiation and in the second case, the mask is ineffective against the radiation diffused by the internal structure of the part.
    [0008] The invention has as main objective to bring a simple, effective and economical solution to these problems.
    [0009] For this purpose, it proposes a non-destructive inspection process for a mechanical part, such as a turbine blade, which consists of directing the part to inspect high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by an appropriate source, in capturing the radiation that passed through the piece and in forming an image of the piece from the captured radiation, characterized by the fact that it consists of inserting between a source and the mechanical part a mask made of a specific material to absorb electromagnetic radiation and which comprises an opening, and in aligning the opening with the source and an area given to inspect the piece, the shape and dimensions of the opening being determined so that only said area to be inspected of the piece is exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
    [0010] According to the invention, this mask is arranged between the source of electromagnetic radiation and the part to be inspected and only allows the incident radiation to pass to a certain area to be inspected on the part, which allows to obtain an optimal detection sensitivity, that zone receiving all the energetic components of the emitted radiation.
    [0011] The shape and dimensions of the mask opening are determined in relation to the shape and dimensions of the area to be inspected on the part, which avoids exposure to incident radiation from other parts of the part and prevents the formation of radiation diffused in the part. inside the part by those other parts.
    [0012] The mask can be positioned at any distance from the source and from the part, only the shape and dimensions of the opening should be adapted to limit the exposure to the area given to be inspected as mentioned above.
    [0013] According to another characteristic of the invention, the shape of the mask opening corresponds to the projection of the contours of the area given to be inspected in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis emitted by the source, and the dimensions of the shape of the opening are then determined by applying a ratio of homothetia based on the axial position of the mask in relation to the mechanical part and the source.
    [0014] Advantageously, the edges of the opening are aligned with the peripheral rays of the beam emitted by the source in order to avoid a diffusion of the incident radiation by the edges of the opening.
    [0015] According to another characteristic of the invention, the absorbent mask is made in the form of a plate made of lead whose thickness depends on the nature of the electromagnetic radiation.
    [0016] The electromagnetic source can be a source of X radiation and in this case the thickness of the plate made of lead is on the order of 8 mm or else be a source of radiation y, in this case, the plate made of lead has a greater thickness at 8 millimeters due to the great penetrating power of the y-rays through the matter.
    [0017] The invention also relates to a process execution device as described above, the device comprising means for supporting and positioning the absorbent mask, means for supporting and positioning the mechanical part and means for aligning the mask opening and the area to be inspected of the mechanical part with the radiation source.
    [0018] In a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, the support and positioning means comprise an articulated robotic arm suitable for picking up a mechanical part to place it in an inspection position of a given zone of that mechanical part.
    [0019] Advantageously, the support and positioning means comprise an assembled plate that is displaceable in relation to the fixed source and that comprises a plurality of absorbent mask housings to successively bring each mask in alignment with the source and an area to be inspected of the piece .
    [0020] In this realization, the robotic arm takes a piece and guides it in a predetermined position to observe a given zone of the mechanical part and then the plate is moved to align a mask that corresponds to the zone given to be observed with the source and the said given zone. Then an electromagnetic radiation is emitted and an image is acquired. The required operations are repeated to carry out a non-destructive inspection of various parts of the part with the aid of different masks whose shapes and dimensions are adapted to the observation of these zones.
    [0021] In a second embodiment of the invention, the support and positioning means comprise a frame comprising a first and a second stage superimposed along the axis of the electromagnetic beam, the second stage being arranged between the first stage and the source and comprising at least one location of receiving an absorbent mask aligned along the axis of the bundle with at least one location of a support part (s) of the first stage.
    [0022] According to another characteristic of the invention, the frame is movable in translation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the beam and the first and second stages each comprise several precise locations aligned according to said axis of translation.
    [0023] Advantageously, each support mounted in a location of the first stage comprises reliefs of positioning at least one mechanical part for the inspection of a given zone of the mechanical part.
    [0024] In this second realization, the operator places at least one part on the support that allows, thanks to its reliefs, a predetermined orientation of a zone given to inspect the part, the support being then assembled in a location of the first stage. The mask comprising an opening adapted for the exposure of the given zone is mounted at the location of the second stage which is aligned with the axis of the beam. An exposure to radiation is then performed and an image of the given zone is obtained.
    [0025] The frame is then moved according to its translation axis in order to take a location of the first stage and a location of the second stage on the axis of the electromagnetic beam and the preceding operations are repeated with a different support and mask that allow the observation of another given zone of the mechanical part.
    [0026] The invention will be better understood and other details, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear with the reading of the following description made as a non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings in which: - figure 1 is a schematic representation of a non-destructive inspection device by emitting electromagnetic radiation according to the prior art; figure 2 is a schematic representation of the non-destructive inspection process by emitting electromagnetic radiation according to the invention; - figure 3 represents a turbocharger blade and the given zone that corresponds to the leading edge, which is the only one exposed to electromagnetic radiation; - figure 4 also represents a turbine blade, the given area exposed to electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the foot of the blade; figure 5 is a schematic representation of a device for carrying out the process according to the invention; figure 6 is a perspective view of a mask support plate used with the device of figure 5; figures 7 and 8 represent another device for carrying out the process according to the invention; - figure 9 represents a support of parts intended for use with the device of figures 7 and 8. - figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of a mask used with the device of figures 7 and 8; figure 11 is a schematic representation of the edges of an opening of an absorbent mask used with the process according to the invention.
    [0027] Reference is first made to figure 1, which represents a device 10 for inspecting a mechanical part 12 by transmitting electromagnetic radiation 14 through part 12. Device 10 comprises a source 16 of high energy electromagnetic radiation, that is to say able to pass through the mechanical part 12. The mechanical part 12 is placed in front of the source 16 in the beam emitted by the latter. A detector 18 is aligned with the source 16 and the part 12 and is arranged opposite the source 16 in relation to the part 12 in order to receive the radiation transmitted through the mechanical part 12. A gray level image is then obtained and it represents the attenuation of the radiation during the crossing of the mechanical part 12. With such an image, it is in principle possible to detect the presence or not of defects of the part 12 in relation to a reference image.
    [0028] However, this device 10 is not satisfactory since the incident radiation is not limited to zone 20 to be inspected and a part of the incident radiation 22 emitted by source 16 interacts with other zones 24 of part 12, which generates radiation diffused 26 inside the piece 12 which is added to the radiation diffused by the area to be inspected and leads to the formation of unclear zones in the images obtained that decrease the sensitivity of detection to defects.
    [0029] In addition to the diffusion of incident radiation through the internal structure of the piece 12, a diffusion through the environment of the piece is also possible, which leads to further degrading the images obtained.
    [0030] This is especially true in the case of turbine blades 12 which have a complex three-dimensional internal geometry as mentioned earlier. It follows that the inspection of critical areas, such as, for example, the leading edges of the blades or the blade feet cannot be performed satisfactorily.
    [0031] The invention provides a solution to this problem by inserting a mask 28 that absorbs electromagnetic radiation between the part 12 to be inspected and the radiation source, this mask comprising an opening 30 for the passage without absorbing part of the radiation incident in the direction of a given area 20 to be inspected of the mechanical part 12. The shape and dimensions of the opening are determined in relation to the area given to be inspected so that only the said area to be inspected is exposed to electromagnetic radiation when the opening is aligned with the radiation source and the area to be inspected (figure 2).
    [0032] With such a process, radiation is prevented from spreading to other parts of the part and the part environment, which allows to increase the contrast in the images of the areas exposed to radiation and therefore improves the detection sensitivity of defects.
    [0033] In a practical way, the shape of the opening of the mask corresponds to the projection of the contours of the area given to inspect in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the beam emitted by the source, and the dimensions of the shape of the opening are then determined by application of a relation of homothetia depending on the axial position of the mask 28 in relation to the mechanical part 12 and the source 16.
    [0034] Figure 3 represents a turbocharger blade 31 comprising a reed 33 connected to a foot 35. The reed 33 comprises a leading edge 32 and a trailing edge 34. The use of the process according to the invention allows to expose to electromagnetic radiation only a part upstream of the blade that comprises the leading edge (part 36 delimited in full lines in figure 3) or else only a part of the blade foot (part 38 delimited in full lines in figure 4) using for this, a mask that has an opening in the same way as the area given 36 or 38 to be inspected, only the dimensions of the opening 30 of the mask 28 being reduced by homotetia according to the positioning of the mask 28 between the source 16 and the mechanical part 12 .
    [0035] Following the description, two devices for carrying out the process according to the invention will be described. These devices each comprise means of support and positioning of the absorbent mask, means of support and positioning of the mechanical part and means of aligning the opening of the mask and the area to be inspected of the mechanical part with the radiation source.
    [0036] In a first embodiment shown in figures 5 and 6, the device 40 comprises a fixed source 42 that emits electromagnetic radiation in the direction of a mechanical part 44 carried by a robotic arm 46 articulated to pick up a stored mechanical part for example in a deposit 48 located nearby (figure 5). The robotic arm 46 comprises six degrees of freedom in order to allow an orientation of any zone of the mechanical part 44 in front of the radiation source 42.
    [0037] A circular plate 50 is mounted between the radiation source 42 and the mechanical part 44 and comprises several hollow housings 52 arranged in a circle on its external periphery (figure 6). Each housing 52 is designed to receive a flat absorbent mask 54 comprising a single opening 56.
    [0038] Each housing 52 comprises differentiation means in the assembly of the absorbent mask 54. These differentiation means comprise two rods 58, 60 formed on an inner edge 62 of a housing 52 and oriented in the direction of the source 42, one 58 of the rods being square and the other 60 having a truncated shape. The two differentiating rods 58, 60 are received in corresponding holes 62, 64 of the mask 50 in order to ensure that the mask 50 is correctly mounted in its housing 52 and that thus the opening 56 of each mask 50 is positioned in a predetermined position as predicted for the passage of electromagnetic radiation in the direction of a given area to inspect a part.
    [0039] The plate 50 is mounted with rotation according to an axis 66 in relation to the fixed source 42 so that the rotation of the plate 50 successively opens a mask 54 in alignment with the source 42 and an area to be inspected of a mechanical part.
    [0040] A luminosity amplifier 68 is mounted on a support 70 and allows the conversion of the high energy electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the piece 44 into a luminous radiation captured by a camera 72.
    [0041] Device 40 is used in the following manner to carry out the process according to the invention. Firstly, the robotic arm 46 is controlled to pick up a mechanical part 44 in the tank 48 and takes a given area to inspect, for example the blade foot, in a determined orientation in front of the source. The plate 50 is rotated according to its axis 66 in order to take the opening of a mask 54 adapted to the blade foot in alignment with the source 42 and the blade foot. The source 42 then emits high energy electromagnetic radiation, part of which is absorbed by the mask 54 and the remaining part passes through the opening of the mask 54 and impacts the blade foot. The transmitted radiation is then converted by the brightness amplifier 68 and then captured by the camera 72.
    [0042] To inspect the leading edge part of the blade, simply change the orientation of the piece 44 so that this area is in front of the source 42. The plate 50 is rotated so that the mask 54 that corresponds to the observation of the part leading edge is in alignment with source 42 and part 44, and then a new acquisition is made.
    [0043] In this device, the alignment of the opening of a mask 54 with an area to be inspected of a mechanical part is essentially carried out by the articulated robotic arm 46 thanks to its six degrees of freedom, the rotating plate 50 ensuring the positioning of the mask in in front of the fountain 42.
    [0044] Figures 7 to 10 represent a second device 68 for carrying out the process according to the invention.
    [0045] This second device 68 comprises a source 70 of high energy electromagnetic radiation, disposed above a frame 72 comprising uprights 74 that support a first stage 76 and a second stage 78 superimposed along the axis of the beam. The second stage 78 is arranged between the first stage 76 and the radiation source 70. Each stage comprises three locations 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90. The locations of the first and second stages are positioned so that a location of the first stage is aligned on axis 92 of the beam with a location of the second stage. The locations of each stage are also aligned according to an axis 94 perpendicular to the axis of the beam 92, that axis 94 defining an axis according to which the frame 72 is movable.
    [0046] Sites 86, 88, 90 of second stage 78 are each designed to receive an absorbent mask 96 in the form of a plate comprising at least one opening 98 (figure 9). Each absorbent mask 96 is introduced axially at a location 86, 88, 90 of the second stage 78 along an axis 100 perpendicular to both the axis 92 of the electromagnetic beam and the translation axis 94 of the frame 72.
    [0047] The parts to be inspected 102 are mounted on supports 104 comprising reliefs 106 for positioning a given zone of each part 102 in a position in which said given zone is aligned with an opening 98 of a mask 96 and with the source 70 (figures 7 and 9).
    [0048] Each piece support 104 is introduced by translation into a location 80, 82, 84 of the first stage 76 along axis 100.
    [0049] Stop means (not shown) are provided at the rear ends of locations 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 of the first and second stages 76, 78 and perform an alignment along axis 100 of each mask 96 in in relation to the associated piece support 104 and therefore carry out an alignment along the axis 100 of the openings 98 of each mask 96 in relation to the areas to be inspected of the pieces 102 mounted on the associated supports 104.
    [0050] The parts supports 104 and the masks 96 are dimensioned so as to be inserted in their respective locations without play along the axis 94 of displacement of the frame in order to carry out an alignment according to that axis 94 of the openings 98 of the masks 96 of the second stage 78 in relation to the areas to be inspected of the pieces 102 mounted on the supports 104 of the first stage 76.
    [0051] These means of alignment used in combination with the reliefs 106 of the supports 104 allow to perfectly align the openings 98 of the masks 96 of the second stage 78 with the given areas of the parts to be inspected of the first stage 76.
    [0052] Although not shown in the figures of this second device, differentiation means can also be provided to avoid incorrect assembly of the masks 96 and the parts supports 104 in their respective locations.
    [0053] In a special embodiment, a first mask 108 comprises four openings 110 adapted to the observation of the leading edge parts of four turbine blades and a first support of parts comprises reliefs adapted to the positioning of the leading edge parts of four blades many different. Thus, when mask 108 is introduced at a location 86 of the second stage 78 and the holder is introduced at the associated location 80 of the first stage 76, each opening 110 of mask 108 is aligned with a leading edge part of a different blade. . A high energy electromagnetic beam is then emitted and generates radiation transmitted simultaneously through the four leading edge parts of the four blades, the transmitted radiation being captured by a receiver 112 (figures 7 and 8).
    [0054] This second device 68 thus has the advantage over the first device of allowing the simultaneous inspection of given zones of several parts, which reduces the time necessary to inspect these parts.
    [0055] To subsequently carry out the simultaneous inspection of other areas of these blades, simply position the blades on a second support that includes reliefs provided for that purpose and then introduce that second support that takes the blades repositioned in place 82 of the first stage 76, the associated site 88 of the second stage 78 comprising a mask with four openings adapted to expose only the other parts to electromagnetic radiation. The frame 72 is then moved by translation according to axis 94 to bring the source 70 of electromagnetic radiation in alignment with the openings of the second mask and with the other blade parts of the second support (figure 8).
    [0056] The manual displacement of the blades in a second support proves to be little inconvenience to an operator since this avoids having to manipulate the absorbent masks that are very heavy, these masks remaining in position in their places.
    [0057] The parts supports used in this second device can for example be made of molded resin.
    [0058] Absorbent masks 54, 96, 110 can be made of lead and their thickness is of the order of 8 mm when electromagnetic radiation is X radiation. Other radiation sources can be used and in particular a y radiation source. In the latter case, the mask 54, 96, 110 has a greater thickness and the order of 15 mm due to the great penetrating power of this type of radiation.
    [0059] The masks made of lead are advantageously covered with a thin layer of aluminum to avoid any contamination with the lead of the operators who handle the masks. The edges of the openings are, however, devoid of aluminum to prevent the formation of radiation diffused by the edges of the openings.
    [0060] In order to avoid any radiation diffused by the edges 114 of an opening of the mask, it is desirable that the edges 114 of the opening 116 are aligned with the peripheral rays 118 of the beam emitted by the source 120 as represented schematically in figure 11.
    [0061] The invention can be used in combination with a prior art absorbent mask mounted around the mechanical part.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    1. Non-destructive inspection device for a mechanical part, such as a turbine blade in particular, comprising a source of emission of a high-energy electromagnetic beam along an axis (92), a detector (18) arranged in such a way receive the beam transmitted through the piece (12) and a mask (28) made of a material suitable for absorbing the electromagnetic beam and comprising an opening, the shape and dimensions of which are determined so that only a given area to inspect the piece (12 ) is exposed to the electromagnetic beam, the device characterized by the fact that it comprises means of support and positioning of the absorbent mask and the mechanical part and means of aligning the opening of the mask and the area to be inspected of the mechanical part with the source, the means of support and positioning comprising a frame (72) comprising a first (76) and a second (78) stage superimposed along the axis (92) of the electromagnetic beam, the second stage (78 ) being arranged between the first stage (76) and the source (70) and comprising at least one location (80, 82, 84) for receiving an absorbent mask (96) aligned on the axis (92) of the bundle with at least one location (86, 88, 90) of a workpiece holder (104) of the first stage (76).
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the frame (74) is movable in translation along an axis perpendicular (94) to the axis (92) of the beam and in which the first (76) and second (78) stages each comprise several locations (80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90) aligned along the said translation axis (94).
    [0003]
    Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that each support (104) mounted in a location of the first stage comprises reliefs (106) for positioning at least one mechanical part (102) for the inspection of a given zone of the mechanical part (102).
    [0004]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, when the mask opening is aligned with the area to be inspected of the mechanical part, the shape of the mask opening (30) corresponds the projection of the contours of the area given to be inspected on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the beam emitted by the source (16), and the dimensions of the shape of the opening (30) are then determined by applying a homotetia ratio function of the axial position of the mask (28) in relation to the mechanical part (12) and the source (16).
    [0005]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the edges (114) of the opening (116) are aligned with the peripheral rays (118) of the beam emitted by the source (120).
    [0006]
    6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the absorbent mask (54, 96, 110) is made in the form of a plate whose thickness depends on the nature of the electromagnetic radiation.
    [0007]
    Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the electromagnetic source (16, 42, 70, 120) is a source of radiation X or a source of radiation y.
    [0008]
    8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that another mask suitable for absorbing electromagnetic radiation is arranged around the mechanical part (12).
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-08-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2019-12-24| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-04-22| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-10-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/05/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1054181|2010-05-28|
    FR1054181A|FR2960642B1|2010-05-28|2010-05-28|NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD|
    PCT/FR2011/051108|WO2011148079A1|2010-05-28|2011-05-17|Non-destructive checking method and device for implementing the method|
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