• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    method for measuring the flatness of sheet material and method for manufacturing the steel sheet using it. the present invention relates to a method for measuring a flatness of a sheet material according to the present invention, which comprises: the projection of a light and dark pattern (p) composed of light and dark parts on a surface of a sheet material (s) that moves in a longitudinal direction; capturing an image of a light and dark pattern with the image capture device (2) to acquire an image of the pattern, wherein the image capture device has a field of view greater than the width of the sheet material; and the acquired image analysis of the pattern to measure the flatness of the sheet material, in which a light and dark pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions are formed by the light emitted from a led light source that includes a plurality of leds arranged in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions, and the light and dark pattern are projected on the surface of the sheet material in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern is it lies along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material and the lateral direction of the light and dark pattern is along a direction of the width of the sheet material.
    公开号:BR112012026605B1
    申请号:R112012026605-5
    申请日:2010-05-18
    公开日:2020-03-24
    发明作者:Yoshito Isei；Tomoya Kato；Masahiro Osugi；Hideyuki Takahashi
    申请人:Nippon Steel Corporation；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for METHOD FOR MEASURING THE PLANURE OF MATERIAL IN SHEET AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE STEEL SHEET WHEN USING THE SAME.
    Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a method for measuring a flatness of a sheet material such as a steel sheet that moves in the longitudinal direction and to a method for manufacturing a steel sheet using it.
    Background of the Technique [0002] Good flatness is required for laminated materials in order to maintain quality and provide stable manufacturing. For this reason, proper control of the flatness has been a problem in the manufacturing process of a sheet material.
    [0003] In general, as an index to represent the flatness, values such as a rate of differential elongation and a degree of slope are used.
    [0004] A differential elongation rate Δε is the difference between an εcENτ elongation rate of a transversely central portion of a sheet material and an εEDGE elongation rate of a portion with the exception of the transversely central portion of the sheet material (typically a portion near an edge thereof) in a given section in the longitudinal direction of a sheet material and is represented by the following Formula (2).
    Δε = εcENT - εEDGE (2) [0005] In addition, a degree of slope λ is defined as λ = δ / P when using a height δ of a standing wave of the leaf and a step P of the same. When approximating the shape of the standing wave of the sheet with a sine wave, there is a well-known relationship represented by the following Formula (3) between the elongation rate diPetição 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, pg. 6/75
    2/61 ferential Δε and the degree of slope λ (%).
    2 1/2 + --- I Δ EI x 100 (in the case ofA € £ 0) π 1 1 x 1 00 (in the case of Δ E <0) [0006] For example, the manufacturing line for a hot-rolled steel sheet, which is an example of the sheet material, is generally composed of a reheating oven, a roughing mill, a rolling mill train for finishing rolling, a cooling zone and a winding machine coil. A plate that is heated by the reheating oven is laminated by the roughing mill to be formed as a billet (raw bar) that is 30 to 60 mm thick. Then, the billet is laminated by the finishing rolling mill train consisting of six to seven finishing rolling mills to be formed as a hot rolled steel sheet that has a thickness required by a customer. This hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled in the cooling zone and is wound by the coil winding machine.
    [0007] The manufacture of a hot rolled steel sheet that has a good flatness is crucial to ensure product quality as well as to pass a sheet stably through the laminator train for finishing lamination and to roll the sheet with the coil winding machine, thereby maintaining high productivity. A defect in the flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet is caused by an irregularity in the elongation rate in the direction of the width of the pie generated in a laminator train for finishing lamination and in a cooling zone. Therefore, as a method for the manufacture of a hot-rolled steel sheet that has a good flatness, a method is proposed
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 7/75
    3/61 of where a flatness gauge or sheet thickness profiler is installed between finishing laminating laminators or on one side of the output of a laminator train for finishing laminating and in a folding matrix of the laminating roller a laminator for finishing lamination is controlled by feedback based on the measured values of the same and a method in which configuration conditions such as a rolling cylinder displacement position and a load distribution of a rolling mill train for finishing lamination are controlled through learning. The control method as described above is described, for example, in Patent JP11-104721A. In addition, a method is also proposed in which a flatness meter is installed on one side of the outlet of a cooling zone and the amount of cooling water in each cooling nozzle in the cooling zone is controlled by feedback based on the values measured from it. In order to carry out the control methods as described above, methods and apparatus for measuring the flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet that travels at a high speed, between finishing rolling mills, on the exit side of a train of the laminator for finishing lamination or on the outlet side of a cooling zone, are developed and applied to real machines.
    [0008] As a conventional method of measuring the flatness for a hot rolled steel sheet, a method is known in which a linear pattern consisting of a plurality of clear lines extending in the direction of the width of the sheet is projected onto the surface of a hot-rolled steel sheet that is hot-rolled and displaces, and an image of the linear pattern is captured from a direction other than the projection direction of the linear pattern with a two-dimensional camera, and the shape of the surface, ie , the flatness
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 8/75
    4/61 of the hot rolled steel sheet, is measured based on the distortion of the linear pattern in the captured image. In this method, when projecting a coating pattern over a range of about 1 m in the longitudinal direction (rolling direction) of the hot-rolled steel sheet, the deterioration in measurement accuracy in a state where a standing wave of the sheet remains in a constant position it is suppressed, being that the standing wave of the sheet is often observed in an immediate vicinity on the exit side of the laminator for finishing lamination (the standing wave of the sheet is anchored by the laminator for finishing lamination, thus forming a stationary end). The method of measuring the flatness as described above is described, for example, in Patents JP6140503A and JP2008-58036A.
    [0009] JP61-40503A describes a method in which a linear pattern consisting of three clear lines is projected onto the surface of the sheet by scanning, respectively, three laser beams, which are fired spaced in the direction length of the leaf, at a high speed in the direction of the leaf width, and the shape of the surface, that is, the flatness of the leaf, is measured based on the distortion of the linear pattern in a captured image that is obtained by capturing an image of the linear pattern with a camera. However, there is a problem with the fact that the coating pattern consisting of three clear lines does not allow the shape of the sheet surface to be measured with high accuracy and the measurement accuracy deteriorates significantly, particularly when the period of the standing wave of the leaf is short.
    [00010] In addition, JP2008-58036A describes a method in which a high density linear pattern consisting of a plurality of clear lines extending in the direction of the width
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 9/75
    5/61 sheet thickness is projected onto a sheet material surface when using a slide on which the high density linear pattern is drawn, and the shape of the surface, ie the flatness of the sheet material, is measured based on in the linear pattern in a captured image obtained when photographing the linear pattern with a camera. In this method, which differs from the method described in Patent JP61-40503A, a high density linear pattern is projected, the measurement resolution (spatial resolution) of the surface shape increases and a highly accurate measurement of the surface shape of the surface can be expected. sheet material.
    [00011] The shape measurement method as described in Patent JP2008-58036A is generally referred to as a grid pattern projection method, and is widely used for various applications without being limited to the case where the shape of the surface of the steel sheet is measured.
    [00012] Figure 1 is a diagram to show schematically an example of configuring the device to perform a grid pattern projection method. As shown in Figure 1, in the grid pattern projection method, a grid pattern is projected onto the surface of a sheet material diagonally above with respect to the surface of the sheet material when using a projector that includes a light source , a slide on which a pattern grid pattern (usually a linear pattern) is drawn and an image-forming lens. Then, from a direction other than the projection direction of the pattern grid pattern, an image of the grid pattern projected onto the surface of the sheet material is captured when using a two-dimensional camera. At this point, when the shape of the sheet material surface is changed, the slope angle of the sheet material surface is changed, so that the pitch (usually the spacing between each of the clear lines that
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 10/75
    6/61 constitute the linear pattern) of the grid pattern in a captured image taken by a camera also increases according to the aforementioned slope angle of the sheet material surface. The relationship between the slope angle of the sheet material surface and the pitch of the grid pattern in a captured image can be calculated geometrically. Therefore, measuring the pitch of the grid pattern in a captured image will allow the calculation of the slope angle of the sheet material surface based on the measured result and the aforementioned relationship. Then, the integration of the calculated slope angle allows the calculation of the shape of the surface of the sheet material.
    Brief Description of the Invention [00013] When the surface shape, that is, the flatness of a hot rolled steel sheet is measured using the grid pattern projection method described above, a linear pattern consisting of a plurality of Clear lines that extend in the direction of the width of the sheet are designed as a grid pattern to the surface of the steel sheet, as described above. Then, in the captured image of the linear pattern, a shape measurement line that extends along the longitudinal direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet is adjusted to a position where the shape of the surface needs to be measured to calculate flatness and distribution the pitch of the linear pattern (spacing between each of the light lines that consist of the linear pattern) found on the shape measurement line is calculated, based on the pixel density distribution on the shape measurement line. Then, the distribution of the slope angle of the steel sheet surface on the shape measurement line described above is calculated based on the step distribution of the linear pattern found on the shape measurement line and that slope angle is integrated along the measurement line of
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 11/75
    7/61 shape, thereby calculating the shape of the steel sheet surface on the shape measuring line. In addition, based on the shape of the calculated surface, the flatness is calculated.
    [00014] When an apparatus for performing a grid pattern projection method as shown in Figure 1 is installed on the hot rolled steel sheet manufacturing line to control the rolling mill train for finishing rolling through a feedback loop. a measured value of the flatness in real time, the device needs to be installed in the immediate vicinity of the output side of the rolling mill train for finishing lamination. Since the immediate vicinity of the laminator train for finishing lamination is provided with measuring instruments such as a sheet thickness gauge, a sheet width gauge and a sheet temperature gauge and, in addition, a cooling based on the cooling water is provided in a close position, it is quite often the case that sufficient installation space for the device cannot be ensured.
    [00015] To make the installation space for the device as small as possible, it is conceivable that the projector and the camera are placed closer to the hot-rolled steel sheet to reduce the installation space in the vertical direction, and the angle of The projector's view and the camera's viewing angle are adjusted to be on the long side, so that the measurement range (about 1 m in the longitudinal direction) of the hot-rolled steel sheet is within each viewing angle. However, when the projector's viewing angle is large as shown in Figure 2, it is necessary to arrange the camera in a position where it can receive specularly reflected light from the projected light from the projector (specularly reflected light from a pattern linear) to reduce the installation space in the horizontal direction. In order to increase the measurement resolution (re
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 12/75
    8/61 spatial solution) of the surface shape, a linear pattern with a smaller pitch can be projected. However, since the surface of a hot-rolled steel sheet immediately after finishing lamination has a high specular reflectivity (a high intensity of reflection from the specular reflection components), if the camera is arranged in a position where it can be receive the specularly reflected light from the projected light from the projector, the output signal from a light-receiving element that receives the specularly reflected light between the camera's light-receiving elements will saturate, thereby generating a halo, so that the light lines will most likely become contiguous with each other, making the linear pattern indistinct in a pixel region of the captured image that corresponds to the elements that receive specularly reflected light and the elements in its vicinity. In addition, if the sensitivity of the camera is too low in such a way that the coating pattern is not indistinct, the intensity of the output signal of an element with the exception of the element that receives specularly reflected light becomes insufficient and, therefore, the density of the pixels corresponding to the elements whose intensity of the output signal is insufficient declines in a captured image, resulting in a linear pattern whose light lines are difficult to discriminate.
    [00016] In addition, as a light source to constitute the projector, a halogen lamp or a metal halide lamp that has a high output of not less than 1 kW is generally used. Since such a light source has a large housing, the size of the light source itself becomes large, and furthermore, since the light source generates heat, a strong cooling mechanism such as a water and a large-scale fan (air fan) will be needed, thus resulting in a large-scale projector.
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 13/75
    9/61 [00017] The present invention was developed to solve the problems of the conventional technique as described so far, and its first objective is to provide a method to measure the flatness of a sheet material such as a steel sheet which moves in the longitudinal direction, which allows the measurement of the flatness of the sheet material without the need for a large-scale measuring device. In addition, a second objective is to provide a method that allows the exact measurement of the flatness of one of the sheet material even when the image capture device is arranged in a position where it can receive specularly reflected light from a clear and dark projected onto the surface of a sheet material that has a high specular reflectivity.
    [00018] Recently, LEDs (light emitting diodes) called electric LEDs, which can emit a high intensity light through the passage of a large current, have been developed, and those that have a light emission efficiency (emission intensity of light / input power) of not less than 80 lm / W that are at a level equivalent to a metal halide lamp became available. Currently, since the input power for an electric LED in which the size of an element is about 1 mm2 can be about 1 W, it is possible to make the intensity of light emission per unit area. Electric LED is not less than 80 lm / mm2.
    [00019] On the other hand, if it is assumed that, in a projector that includes a conventional slide, all the light emitted from a metal halide lamp that has a nominal power of 2.5 kW with a total luminous flux of 240,000 lm (for example, HMI 2500 W / SE, manufactured by OSRAM AG.) is projected through a slide of a rectangle of 100 mm x 80 mm (an area of 8,000 mm2), the intensity of light emission per unit area gives slide will be 30 lm / mm2.
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 14/75
    10/61 [00020] That is, evaluating the electric LED as a single element, the intensity of light emission per unit area of the same will be greater than that on the surface of the slide in a projector that includes a metal halide lamp . This means that the use of light emitted from an LED light source such as an electric LED in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged in a predetermined step in the longitudinal and lateral directions respectively while a light and dark pattern makes it possible to project a light pattern and dark that is brighter than the one projected when using a metal halide lamp with a nominal power of 2.5 kW.
    [00021] When the light emitted from an LED light source in which a plurality of LEDs is arranged in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions is used as a light and dark pattern, not just a lighter light and dark pattern is obtained, but also the following advantages (a) to (e) can be obtained.
    (a) When the light emitted from an LED light source is used as a light and dark pattern, the LED light source will become very compact since it can be composed of a substrate on which a plurality of LEDs are arrangement and a cooling mechanism for them (a heatsink and a cooling fan) can be provided in a size of about 10 cm 2 . On the other hand, a light and dark pattern is projected when using a projector that includes a metal halide lamp that has a nominal power of the order of kW, since, in addition, the metal halide lamp itself has a length of about 20 cm, the reflector that guides the light emitted from this lamp will be large, the light source will become very large so that even a compact source will be no less than 30 cm 2 .
    (b) When the light emitted from an LED light source is used
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 15/75
    11/61 used as a light and dark pattern, since there is no loss in the amount of light in the dark part of the slide, unlike the case where a projector that includes a conventional slide is used (for example, when a pattern is projected, half the amount of light is wasted), it is possible to design the same pattern with a lower input power, which is effective.
    (c) As the LED that makes up an LED light source, an LED that emits light of a single wavelength such as blue, green and red can be appropriately chosen. For example, when a light and dark pattern is projected onto the surface of a sheet of steel in a state of high temperature immediately after lamination, the provision of a pass-through filter, which lets in only light that has a length waveform close to the wavelength of the LED emission, in front of the image capture device, will allow the acquisition of a light and dark pattern image in which the effects of the radiant light emitted from the surface of the steel sheet in the state of high temperature are suppressed so that they are kept to a minimum. In particular, when a light and dark pattern is projected onto the surface of a sheet of steel in a state of high temperature, it is effective to apply an LED that emits blue light.
    (d) Since an LED has a fast responsiveness, the use of a two-dimensional camera with an electronic shutter as an image capture device and the LED lighting synchronously with the electronic shutter allows the suppression of LED heat generation .
    (e) When the light emitted from an LED light source is used as a light and dark pattern, since the light part of the light and dark pattern is formed by the light emitted from each LED, the adjustment of the input power to each LED (setting the current value
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 16/75
    12/61 to be applied to each LED) allows the brightness of the light and dark pattern to be easily changed from one place to another.
    [00022] The present invention has been completed by the authors of the present invention by paying attention to the advantages of the LED light source described above. In order to obtain the first objective described above, the present invention provides a method for measuring a flatness of a sheet material, which comprises: the projection of a light and dark pattern composed of light and dark parts on a surface of a sheet material that moves in a longitudinal direction; capturing an image of a light and dark pattern with an image capture device to acquire an image of the pattern, wherein the image capture device has a field of view greater than the width of the sheet material; and the analysis of the acquired image of the pattern to measure the flatness of the sheet material, in which the light and dark pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions is formed by the light emitted from a LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions and the light and dark pattern is projected on the surface of the sheet material in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern is it meets along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material and the lateral direction of the light and dark pattern meets along a direction of the width of the sheet material.
    [00023] According to the present invention, since an LED light source in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions is used as the light source to project a clear pattern and on the surface of a sheet material, it is possible to measure the flatness of the sheet material without the need for a
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 17/75
    13/61 large scale.
    [00024] It is noted that the LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions in the present invention includes the LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a shape matrix (a plurality of LEDs arranged in a predetermined step in a straight line that extends in the longitudinal direction and arranged in a predetermined step in a straight line that extends in the lateral direction) and an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs is arranged in an alternating manner in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions. The LED light source described above which includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a matrix form also includes an LED light source in which the LEDs are arranged without a spacing in the lateral direction (when the light emitted from this light source from LED is used as a light and dark pattern, the light and dark pattern will become a linear pattern).
    [00025] In addition, a plurality of LEDs arranged in a predetermined step in the present invention does not necessarily require that all LEDs are arranged in a fixed step, and may partially include LEDs that are arranged in a different step than others. However, as will be described later, it is preferable that the LEDs are arranged in a fixed step at least in the longitudinal direction to determine the distribution of longitudinal steps of the light part of the light and dark pattern by applying a method of analysis of frequency.
    [00026] Furthermore, in the present invention, an adjustment step means a value obtained by projecting the spacing between the light parts of the light and dark pattern in the direction of image capture when the shape of the surface of the sheet material in
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 18/75
    14/61 that the light and dark pattern is designed is perfectly smooth. In particular, a longitudinal adjustment step means the spacing in the longitudinal direction between the adjacent light parts along the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern (which means the adjacent light parts in a linear manner along the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern when an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a matrix shape is used, and means the adjacent light parts alternately along the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern when an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in an alternating manner is used). In addition, a lateral adjustment step means the spacing in the lateral direction between the adjacent light parts along the lateral direction of the light and dark pattern (which means the adjacent light parts in a linear manner along the lateral direction of the light and dark pattern when an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a matrix form is used, and means the adjacent light parts alternately along the lateral direction of the light and dark pattern when an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in an alternating manner is used).
    [00027] Here, when the light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the sheet material is a linear pattern with a small pitch, as a countermeasure to avoid the tendency for the linear pattern to be indistinct in the pixel region that corresponds to the element that receives light and elements that are reflected in the surroundings, if the image capture device is arranged in a position where it can receive the light reflected in it, it is conceivable (1) to adopt a camera with a wide dynamic range as a device image capture, in such a way that the intensity of the output signal of an element that does not receive light specularly
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 19/75
    15/61 reflection does not become insufficient even if the sensitivity of the image capture device is reduced, and (2) increase the pitch of the linear pattern.
    [00028] However, as for the countermeasures described above (1), they may not be easily applied due to problems such as this, although a dynamic range of not less than 12 bits (4,096 levels) can be obtained when using a camera digital that has had its widespread use in recent years, the length of the wiring is restricted and the cost of the camera increases.
    [00029] In addition, as for the countermeasures described above (2), simply increasing the pitch of the linear pattern (see Figure 3B) will lead to the deterioration of the measurement accuracy of the surface shape and thus the measurement accuracy of flatness due to the decline in measurement resolution (spatial resolution) of the surface shape.
    [00030] Therefore, considering the advantage described above (e) of the LED light source, the authors of the present invention came to the conclusion that the decrease in brightness of the light part that results from the specularly reflected light received by the image capture device so that it is lower than that of the light part that does not result from the specularly reflected light received by the image capture device, it must make the pattern light and dark as not likely to be indistinct and allow, in addition, the exact measurement of the surface shape and , thus, the flatness of the sheet material without the deterioration of the measurement resolution even if the image capture device were arranged in a position where it could specularly receive the reflected light from the light and dark pattern projected on the surface.
    [00031] In order to achieve the second objective described above in addition to the first objective described above, if the image capture device
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    16/61 gem is arranged in a position where the image capture device can receive light from the light and dark pattern reflected specularly on the surface of the sheet material, between the current values to be applied to each LED included in the light source LED, the value of the current to be applied to an LED that corresponds to a light part that results from the specularly reflected light received by the image capture device will be adjusted to be preferably minimal.
    [00032] For example, when a central portion of the pattern image acquired by the image capture device is the pixel region that corresponds to the element of the image capture device that receives specularly reflected light from the light part of the light and dark pattern , the value of the current to be applied to the LED that corresponds to the light part in the central portion of the pattern image can be minimized to avoid the tendency of the light and dark pattern to be indistinct in the pattern image and additionally allow the exact measurement of the surface shape and thereby the flatness of the sheet material without deteriorating the measurement resolution.
    [00033] It is observed that the adjustment of the current value to be applied to the LED that corresponds to the light part that results from the specularly reflected light received to be minimal in the present invention does not mean that the current value to be applied to the LED in question (LED that corresponds to the light part that results from the specularly reflected light received) becomes closer to 0, but that the current value to be applied to the LED in question is adjusted to be the lowest value among the current values to be applied to each LED included in the LED light source, in such a way that the light emission intensity of the LED in question is lower than that of other LEDs.
    [00034] Preferably, a two-dimensional camera with a filling
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    17/61 electronic painter that can adjust an exposure sync and an exposure time is used as an image capture device, and an illumination sync and an LED illumination time are carried out respectively synchronously with an exposure sync and exposure time adjusted in the two-dimensional camera with the electronic shutter.
    [00035] According to such a preferred method, since the lighting timing and the LED lighting time are respectively synchronous with the exposure timing and exposure time which are adjusted in the two-dimensional camera with an electronic shutter, it is possible suppress the heat generation of the LED compared to a case where the LED is continuously illuminated.
    [00036] In addition, in order to achieve the second objective described above in addition to the first objective described above, the authors of the present invention carried out a careful study, eventually reaching the conclusion that as a light and dark pattern to be projected on the material surface sheet, an alternating pattern in which the light parts are alternately arranged in the longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively, in a predetermined adjustment step (an adjustment step PL in the longitudinal direction and an adjustment step Pw in the lateral direction) is used and projected on the surface of the sheet material, in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern is along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material and the lateral direction is along the width direction, as shown in Figure 3C. Since the use of this alternating pattern will result in the fact that the light parts are arranged in an alternating way in the longitudinal and lateral directions, the distance between the adjacent light parts in a linear manner in the longitudinal direction will be greater than (twice) the PL 'distance between the light parts (for example, the light parts M1 and M2) adjacent
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    18/61 linear in the longitudinal direction in a conventional linear pattern, even if the adjustment step Pl of the light part in the longitudinal direction is the same as the adjustment step PL 'of a conventional linear pattern (Figure 3A) and, therefore, the spacing between the light parts will expand. As for the lateral direction, when the light part is continuous in a conventional linear pattern, the light parts (for example, the light parts M1 and M3) that are linearly adjacent in the lateral direction have a spacing in the alternating pattern. For this reason, there is an advantage that the light and dark pattern is probably not indistinct even in a pixel region that corresponds to the elements of the image capture device that receives specularly reflected light.
    [00037] However, even if an alternating pattern is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of a sheet material, if the shape of the surface of the sheet material is calculated based simply on the density distribution of the pixels on the L1 format measurement line that extends along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material (the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern) as in a conventional method, the measurement resolution (spatial resolution) of the surface shape will decline since the spacing between the light parts that are adjacent is like a coating in the longitudinal direction.
    [00038] Therefore, the authors of the present invention carried out an additional careful study and paid attention to the calculation of the average pixel densities in a straight line L2 that passes the pixels in the measurement line of format L1 and extends in the lateral direction of the alternating pattern and has a length W not less than twice the lateral adjustment step Pw of the light part and thereby calculating an average pixel density. For example, supposing that the pixel densities of the light part of the alternating pattern are so
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 23/75
    19/61 out of 254 and the pixel densities of the dark part are all 0. When it is assumed that the length W of the straight line L2 is twice the lateral adjustment step Pw of the light part (W = 2PW) and the number of pixels of the light part and the dark part in the straight line L2 is the same, the average pixel density in the straight line L2 will be 127. So, when calculating the average pixel density distribution along the L1 format measurement line (the position longitudinal of the straight line L2 is changed), the average pixel density distribution will be a distribution in which the average pixel density is 127 in a position where the straight line L2 passes a light part and is 0 in a position where the straight line L2 allows only the dark parts to pass through, that is, a distribution that has the same period as the adjustment step PL of the light part in the longitudinal direction. In other words, the average pixel density distribution period PL will be the same as the pixel density distribution period PL 'on the L' shape measurement line for a conventional linear pattern (Figure 3A). Therefore, when calculating the shape of the sheet material surface based on the average pixel density distribution described above it will be possible to obtain a measurement resolution of the same level in which case a conventional linear pattern is used without deteriorating the resolution of the measurement (spatial resolution) of the shape of the surface with respect to the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern (the longitudinal direction of the sheet material). It is observed that the amplitude of the average pixel density distribution when an alternating pattern is used will decline compared to the amplitude of the pixel density distribution when a linear pattern is used. However, if the length W of the straight line L2 for which the averaging is performed is provided so as to be a length not less than twice the lateral adjustment step Pw of the light part, since a light part necessarily be present in the straight line L2, the ampli
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 24/75
    20/61 tude of the average pixel density distribution will be, even if it declines, approximately half of that when the linear pattern is used and, therefore, no problem will result. Furthermore, although the measurement resolution (spatial resolution) of the surface shape to the lateral direction of the alternating pattern (the direction of the width of the sheet material) deteriorates according to the length W of the straight line L2, since a hot-rolled steel sheet, which is a prime target for the application of the present invention, does not exhibit an abrupt change in shape in the direction of the width, no problem will arise unless W becomes extremely large.
    [00039] As described so far, the authors of the present invention have come to the conclusion that the shape of the surface of the sheet material according to the following procedures (A) to (C) can be calculated to prevent the light and dark pattern be indistinct and to allow, in addition, the exact measurement of the shape of the surface and thus the flatness of the sheet material without deterioration of the measurement resolution even if the image capture device is arranged in a position where it can receive the specularly reflected light from the light and dark pattern projected onto the surface.
    (A) An alternating pattern in which the light parts are alternately arranged in a predetermined adjustment step, respectively, in the longitudinal and lateral directions, is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the sheet material and projected on the surface of the sheet material in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern is along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material and its lateral direction is along the direction of the width of the sheet material.
    (B) The pixel densities in a straight line that leaves
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 25/75
    21/61 passing pixels in the shape measurement line that extends along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern (the longitudinal direction of the sheet material) and extending in the lateral direction of the alternating pattern (the direction of the width of the sheet material) and that has a length no less than twice the lateral adjustment step of the light part are averaged to calculate an average pixel density.
    (C) The average pixel density distribution described above along the shape measurement line is calculated and the shape of the sheet material surface along the shape measurement line is calculated based on the average pixel density distribution .
    [00040] According to the above idea of the authors of the present invention, in order to achieve the second objective described above in addition to the first objective described above, the present invention preferably comprises the following first six steps.
    (1) a first step: formation of an alternating pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step in the longitudinal and lateral directions respectively by the light emitted from an LED light source that includes a plurality of LEDs arranged in a alternating way in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions and projection of the alternating pattern on the surface of the sheet material in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern meets along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material and the lateral direction of the alternating pattern meets along a direction of the width of the sheet material;
    (2) a second step: placing the image capture device in a position where the image capture device can receive the light from the alternating pattern reflected in the mirror
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 26/75
    22/61 on the surface of the sheet material, and acquisition of the pattern image when capturing an image of the alternating pattern with the image capture device;
    (3) a third step: adjusting a measuring line of shape that extends along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern in a predetermined position in the image acquired from the pattern;
    (4) a fourth step: calculating the average pixel densities in a straight line that passes the pixels in the shape measurement line and extends in the lateral direction of the alternating pattern and that has a length not less than twice the step lateral adjustment of the light part, and calculation of an average pixel density;
    (5) a fifth step: calculating an average pixel density distribution along the shape measurement line;
    (6) a sixth step: calculating a shape of the sheet material surface along the shape measurement line based on the distribution of the calculated average pixel density, and computing a flatness of the sheet material based on the shape of the calculated surface.
    [00041] According to such a preferred method, even when the image capture device is arranged in a position where it can receive specularly reflected light from a light and dark pattern projected onto the surface, the light and dark pattern is probably not indistinct and in addition the shape of the surface, that is, in turn, the flatness of the sheet material can be measured accurately without deteriorating the measurement resolution.
    [00042] In addition, according to the preferable method described above, the advantages described below are also conceivable. When manufacturing an LED light source by arranging a plurality of LEDs on a substrate that has a limited area, generally the guarantee of a
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    23/61 wiring space for directing the LEDs is problematic. In order to provide efficient wiring on a substrate that has a limited area, it is preferable to arrange a plurality of LEDs in a matrix form and to connect each LED aligned in a straight line along the longitudinal or lateral direction in series. However, connecting a large number of LEDs in series will result in the fact that the input voltage of the entire LEDs connected in series will become very high and thus a required DC power supply will be expensive. In addition, as described above, when a two-dimensional camera with an electronic shutter is used as an image capture device and the LED is lit synchronously with the electronic shutter (when the LED is directed at the flash), a problem can also occur appears, in which a relay, etc., to be used for fast flashing is not available because of the limitation in the supported voltage. The arrangement of the LEDs in an alternating manner as in the method described above allows the number of LEDs aligned in a straight line along the longitudinal or lateral direction to be reduced to half the case in which the LEDs are arranged in a matrix form, making It is easy to avoid the problem as described above. For example, the same measurement resolution as when the LEDs are arranged in a matrix form in such a way that 30 LEDs are aligned in the longitudinal direction can only be achieved by aligning 15 LEDs in the longitudinal direction when the LEDs are alternately arranged . When 30 blue LEDs are connected in series, since the input voltage per LED is 3 to 4 V, the input voltage for all LEDs connected in series will be as high as 90 to 120 V. On the other hand, when the number of LEDs is reduced to 15, the input voltage for all LEDs can also be reduced to 45 to 60 V, which is advantageous.
    [00043] Here, in the sixth step described above, to calculate the format
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 28/75
    24/61 of the surface of the sheet material along the shape measurement line based on the distribution of average pixel density along the shape measurement line, to be specific, first, the distribution of the longitudinal step pm ( x) the light part of the alternating pattern along the shape measurement line can be calculated based on the distribution of average pixel density along the shape measurement line (for example, by applying a known phase analysis method to the pixel density distribution). The relationship between the longitudinal pitch pm of the light part of the alternating pattern and the slope angle Θ of the surface of the sheet material can be determined geometrically. Therefore, calculating the distribution of the longitudinal step pm (x) of the light part of the pattern spread along the shape measurement line makes it possible to calculate the distribution of the slope angle Θ ^) of the sheet material surface along the line. format measurement based on the distribution of the longitudinal step pm (x) of the clear part in the relationship described above.
    [00044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a longitudinal step pm of the light part of an alternating pattern and a slope angle Θ of the surface of the sheet material. Figure 4 shows an example of a sheet material that moves in a horizontal direction. In Figure 4, Θ means a slope angle formed by the direction of displacement of a sheet material (the horizontal direction) and the surface of the sheet material; α means an angle formed by the direction normal to the direction of displacement of the sheet material (the vertical direction) and the direction of image capture by the image capture device; and β means an angle formed by the direction normal to the direction of displacement of the sheet material (the vertical direction) and by the direction of projection of the alternating pattern. In addition, pm means a longitudinal step of the
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 29/75
    25/61 clear part of the alternating pattern in the pattern image acquired for the sheet material ep m o means a value of p m projected in the normal direction to the direction of displacement of the sheet material (the vertical direction). In addition, p s means a longitudinal step of the light part of the alternating pattern in an image of the pattern acquired in a reference material that is placed in parallel with the direction of travel of the sheet material (placed horizontally) and has a surface shape smooth, ep s o means a value of p s projected in the vertical direction.
    [00045] Between θ, α, β, p m , p m o, p s ep s o, the following Formulas (4) to (6) are derived geometrically.
    (PmoZPso) - 1 tan Θ - ------------------ '''(4)
    Cpmo / Pso) tan β
    Ps
    Pso— ------ ‘‘ ‘(5)
    COS Qt
    PmCOSÔ
    Pso— ------------ --- (6) cos (a - Θ) [00046] The replacement of Formulas (5) and (6) described above by Formula (4) proves that the Formula (7) is also derived like this.
    í P m S Ps) 1 tan S = ------------------------------- (7) tana + (p m / ps) tan £ [00047] From Formula (7) described above, the following Formula (8) is derived.
    f Cp m Zp s ) -1 Ί
    Θ = tan -1 <--------------------------->'''(8)
    I tana + (p m / p s ) tanβ I [00048] Therefore, the distribution of the slope angle 0 (x) of the surface of a sheet material along a shape measurement line can be calculated by the following Formula ( 1).
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 30/75
    26/61 (p ^ (x) Zp s (x)) - 1 θ (x) = tan -1 <------------------------ ->
    I tan ar + (p m (x) / p s (x) Jtan / JI [00049] In Formula (1) described above, x means the position along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern in the pattern image (the position at along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material); 0 (x) means the distribution of the slope angle formed by the direction of displacement of the sheet material (the horizontal direction) and the surface of the sheet material; α means an angle formed by the direction normal to the direction of displacement of the sheet material (the vertical direction) and the direction of image capture by the image capture device; and β means an angle formed by the direction normal to the direction of displacement of the leaf material (the vertical direction) and the projection direction of the alternating pattern.
    [00050] Preferably, as an LED, an LED is used that emits light of a single wavelength different from a peak wavelength of the radiant light emanating from the sheet material, and a pass-through filter that lets through only light that has a wavelength close to the wavelength of the LED emission is disposed in front of the image capture device.
    [00051] According to such a preferred method, for example, even if the sheet material is a sheet of steel in a state of high temperature immediately after lamination, it is possible to acquire an image of the pattern in which the effects of radiant light that emanating from the surface of the steel sheet are suppressed to be minimal.
    [00052] The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a steel sheet, which comprises rough rolling of a billet with a roughing rolling mill, rolling of the billet with a rolling mill train for finishing rolling and, in then, the billet cooling in a cooling zone to manufacture a sheet of steel, in which a
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 31/75
    27/61 rolling mill train for finishing lamination or a cooling condition in the cooling zone is controlled based on a result of measuring a flatness of a steel sheet as sheet material using the method for measuring a flatness . [00053] According to the present invention, it is possible to measure the flatness of a sheet material without requiring a large scale measuring device. In addition, according to the present invention, even when the image capture device is arranged in a position where it can receive specularly reflected light from a light and dark pattern projected onto the surface of a sheet material that has a specular reflectivity high, it is possible to accurately measure the shape of the surface of the sheet material and thereby allow accurate measurement of the flatness of the sheet material. Brief Description of the Drawings [00054] Figure 1 is a diagram to show schematically an example of the device configuration to perform a grid pattern projection method.
    [00055] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram to illustrate the range in which a camera can receive light specularly reflected from the projected light from a projector.
    [00056] Figure 3 (Figures 3A, 3B and 3C) is an explanatory diagram to illustrate by comparison several light and dark patterns.
    [00057] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a longitudinal step pm of the light part of an alternating pattern and a slope angle Θ of the surface of the sheet material. [00058] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of setting the outline of a flatness measuring device to perform a flatness measurement method related to the present invention.
    [00059] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a
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    28/61 condition of installation of the flatness measuring device shown in Figure 5.
    [00060] Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between pm / ps and the slope angle Θ of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet under the installation condition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    [00061] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing an outline configuration of an LED light source shown in Figure 5.
    [00062] Figure 9 (Figures 9A and 9B) is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the LEDs on each substrate shown in Figure 8.
    [00063] Figure 10 is a wiring diagram for each substrate shown in Figure 8.
    [00064] Figure 11 is a flow chart showing the outline of the processing performed in an image analysis device shown in Figure 5.
    [00065] Figure 12 (Figures 12A and 12B) is an explanatory diagram to illustrate a method of adjusting a shape measurement line for a hot-rolled steel sheet.
    [00066] Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram to illustrate a method for computing a degree of slope.
    [00067] Figure 14 is a graph showing the result of assessing the temperature rise of an LED for the case where the LED of the LED light source shown in Figure 5 is illuminated continuously and for the case where it is illuminated intermittently synchronously with the image capture device.
    [00068] Figure 15 (Figures 15A, 15B and 15C) shows the result of checking the accuracy of the measurement of the slope angle by the flatness meter shown in Figure 5 when using a sample for the measurement of the slope angle.
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 33/75
    29/61 [00069] Figure 16 (Figures 16A, 16B and 16C) shows an example image of the pattern that is obtained when a linear pattern by a conventional projector that includes a slide is used and an example image of the pattern that is obtained when a pattern alternated by the LED light source shown in Figure 5 is used, as the light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
    [00070] Figure 17 (Figures 17A and 17B) is a diagram showing an example of the linear pattern formed on a slide that constitutes a conventional projector.
    [00071] Figure 18 (Figures 18A, 18B and 18C) shows examples of measuring the degree of slope and others for the total length of a steel sheet coil when the linear pattern by the conventional projector that includes a slide is used as a standard light and dark to be projected on the surface of the hot rolled steel sheet.
    [00072] Figure 19 (Figures 19A, 19B and 19C) shows examples of measuring the degree of slope and others for the total length of a steel sheet coil when the pattern alternated by the LED light source shown in Figure 5 is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
    [00073] Figure 20 is a graph showing the result of the evaluation of the measured values of the sheet width of the hot-rolled steel sheet that can be calculated by the flatness measuring device shown in Figure 5.
    [00074] Figure 21 (Figures 21A and 21B) is a schematic view showing a sketch configuration of a variant of the LED light source shown in Figure 8.
    [00075] Figure 22 (Figures 22A and 22B) shows an example of the pattern image obtained when using the LED light source shown in Figure 21.
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 34/75
    30/61
    Description of the Modalities [00076] Hereinafter, with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings, the modalities of the present invention will be described, which take as an example a case in which the sheet material is a hot-rolled steel sheet, and the flatness (degree of slope) is measured on the output side of a rolling mill train for finishing lamination of a hot rolled steel sheet manufacturing line.
    A. First Mode
    TO 1. General configuration of the flatness measuring device [00077] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the outline configuration of a flatness measuring device to perform a method for measuring the flatness related to the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing an installation condition of the flatness measuring device shown in Figure 5. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, a flatness measuring device 100 of the present embodiment includes an LED light source. 1 to project an alternating pattern P as a light and dark pattern on the surface of a hot-rolled steel sheet S that moves horizontally in the longitudinal direction such that the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern P is along the longitudinal direction of the hot rolled steel sheet S and the lateral direction of the alternating pattern P lies along the width direction of the hot rolled steel sheet S; an image capture device 2 that has a field of view greater than a width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S and that selects an image of the alternating pattern P projected on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S to acquire a pattern image; and an image analysis apparatus 3 for analyzing the pattern image acquired by the image capture device 2.
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 35/75
    31/61 [00078] As shown in Figure 6, since the installation space on the output side of the laminator train for finishing lamination in which the flatness measuring device of the present modality is installed has only 2, 5 m in the longitudinal direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet S and 2.5 m in the vertical direction to ensure a measurement range (field of view) of at least 1 m in the longitudinal direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, the image capture device 2 must be arranged in a position where it can receive specularly reflected light from the projected light from the LED light source 1 (specularly reflected light of the alternating pattern P). In the present embodiment, an image of the alternating pattern P is projected at an angle of 15 ° to the diagonal above with respect to the hot-rolled steel sheet S (the angle formed by the vertical direction and the projection direction of the alternating pattern P) when using the LED 1 light source, and an image of the projected alternating pattern P is captured at an angle of 25 ° to the above diagonal with respect to the hot-rolled steel sheet S (the angle formed by the vertical direction and the image capture direction) when using the image capture device 2.
    [00079] Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between pm / ps and the slope angle Θ of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S under the installation condition described above. Here, as described above, pm means a longitudinal step of the light part of the alternating pattern P in the acquired pattern image for the hot sheet material S; ps means a longitudinal step of the light part of the alternating pattern in an acquired pattern image for a reference material that is placed horizontally and has a smooth surface shape; and Θ means a slope angle formed by the horizontal direction and the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S. The slope angle measurement range Θ of the sheet surface
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 36/75
    32/61 hot-rolled steel S is determined by the sum of a required flatness measurement range (degree of slope) and a range of the slope angle of the entire surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S that can occur during measurement. In the present modality, the measurement range of the required slope is -5% to + 5% (which corresponds to -9% to + 9% when converted to the slope angle of the hot-rolled steel sheet surface S ) and, considering the variation range of the slope angle of the entire surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S associated with the vibration of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, the measuring range of the slope angle Θ of the surface of the hot-rolled sheet hot rolled steel S is determined to be -15 ° to + 15 °. From Figure 7, when the slope angle of the hot-rolled steel sheet surface S varies in a range from -15 ° to + 15 °, pm / ps will vary in a range from 0.81 to 1.22 .
    A-2. Configuration of the LED light source [00080] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of the outline of an LED light source of the present modality. As shown in Figure 8, the LED 1 light source of the present embodiment includes a substrate 11 in which each LED of the plurality of LEDs 111 that emits blue light is alternately arranged; an image-forming lens 12 (see Figure 5) disposed on the front side of the substrate 11; a heatsink 13 and a cooling fan 14 as a cooling mechanism; and a DC power supply 15 that feeds the power to the LEDs 111. In the present embodiment, five substrates 11 are aligned so that they are along a direction parallel to the direction of the width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S and are connected on heat sink 13. The reason why LEDs 111 are not arranged on a substrate 11, but are arranged differently
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 37/75
    33/61 seen on five substrates 11 is to make it unnecessary to replace the entire substrate in which all LEDs 111 are arranged when part of the LEDs 111 fails. That is, to make it sufficient to replace only substrate 11 in which the LED with fault 111 is willing. In addition, in the present embodiment, five direct current power supplies 15 are also provided, in such a way that energy can be sent to each substrate 11. As a result, the input power can be adjusted independently for each substrate 11 and therefore, the brightness of the alternating pattern P can be adjusted (changed) to the direction of the width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S. It is observed that, in the present modality, although an example in which the input power can be adjusted for each substrate 11 shown, the present invention is not limited to this and, for example, the configuration can be such that the input power can be adjusted for each of the LEDs 111 arranged in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of each substrate 11 , or the input power can be adjusted for each LED 111.
    [00081] In addition, the LED 1 light source of the present modality includes, as a preferable mode, a trigger generator 16 and a transistor relay (SSR = Solid State Relay) 17 that have a fast responsiveness. In the present embodiment, five transistor relays 17 are provided and each transistor relay 17 is halfway through the wiring connecting each DC power supply 15 and each substrate 11. Trigger generator 16 emits a TTL trip circuit that has a frequency of 40 Hz and a pulse width of 5 ms to the transistor relay 17. When this trigger circuit TTL is activated, the DC power supply 15 and the substrate 11 are electrically connected by the transistor relay 17, so that energy is sent to LED 111 arranged on substrate 11 to cause LED 111 to light. When the trigger circuit
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 38/75
    34/61 ro TTL is deactivated, the DC power supply 15 and the substrate 11 are electrically disconnected by the transistor relay 17, so that the LED 111 arranged on the substrate 11 is extinguished. As described so far, LED 111 is directed to flash at high speed.
    [00082] On the other hand, the trigger generator 16 also sends a TTL trigger to the image capture device 2. The TTL trigger to be sent to the image capture device 2 is delayed by 1 millisecond in the TTL trigger output timing. to be sent to the transistor relay 17 described above and has a pulse width of 4 ms. As described below, a two-dimensional camera with an electronic shutter is used as the image capture device 2 of the present modality and the TTL trigger circuit output of the trigger generator 16 is used to turn on / off the electronic shutter of the trigger device. image capture 2. That is, when the TTL trigger circuit is turned on, the electronic shutter is opened (an image of the alternating pattern P is captured) and when the TTL trigger circuit is turned off, the electronic shutter is closed (an image alternating pattern will not be captured).
    [00083] Since the configuration as described so far allows the lighting timing and the lighting time of the LED 111 arranged on the substrate 11 to be in sync with the exposure timing and the exposure time set in the image capture device image 2, it is possible to suppress the heat generation of LED 111 compared to a case where LED 111 is continuously illuminated.
    [00084] Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of LEDs 111 on each substrate 11. Figure 9A shows an overview and Figure 9B shows a partially enlarged view. Figure 10 is a wiring diagram for each substrate 11. LED 111 of the
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    35/61 present mode, which has a size of 0.6 mm 2 and can send a maximum of 0.6 W, is fixed on substrate 11, which is insulated and made of aluminum and has electrical wiring. Since a total of 240 LEDs 111 are arranged on each substrate 11, the input power for each substrate 11 is 144 W (= 0.6 W x 240). As shown in Figure 9 or 10, the number of LEDs 111 that is arranged in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of each substrate 11 is 15, and these 15 LEDs 111 are connected in series, with two LEDs 111 aligned in the lateral direction of the substrate 11 are paired and such pairs of LEDs 111 are arranged in a 2 mm pitch in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 11, and in a 2.2 mm pitch alternately in the lateral direction. In other words, a clear part of the alternating pattern P to be projected onto the hot-rolled steel sheet S is made up of the lights emitted from two LEDs 111 aligned in the lateral direction of the substrate 11. Considering two LEDs 111 aligned in the lateral direction of the substrate 11 as a pair (the lights emitted from a pair of LEDs 111 aligned in the lateral direction are considered as a light part) as in the present mode, even when any of the LEDs 111 fails and the 15 LEDs connected in series do not light, it is possible continue the measurement as long as the 15 adjacent LEDs, which are connected in series and are adjacent in the lateral direction, can light up. However, the present invention will not be limited to such a configuration and it is naturally possible to configure in such a way that the individual LEDs 111 are alternately arranged in a predetermined step in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the substrate (for example, as described above) , in a 2 mm pitch in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 11 and in a 2.2 mm pitch in the lateral direction), so that the light emitted from an LED 111 is considered as a clear part of the alternating pattern P.
    [00085] In the present modality, since the light source of the
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    36/61
    LED 1 needs to be installed in a real workplace where dust particles and atomized water droplets disperse in large quantities, the entire LED 1 light source is contained in a dustproof case made of stainless steel . In addition, to prevent dust particles and atomized water droplets from entering the dustproof box from an opening portion through which the alternating pattern P is designed, the configuration is made in such a way that air it is fed into the dustproof box when using a large-scale fan and sent from the above-mentioned opening portion to the outside.
    [00086] The light emitted from the LED light source 1 which has a configuration described so far is projected onto the surface of the hot rolled steel sheet S in an enlargement of the image formation 18. The distance from the LED light source 1 the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S is about 2.5 m, and the size of the projected alternating pattern P is 1,200 mm in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction of the sheet) and 1,800 mm in the lateral direction (direction of the sheet width). Since, as shown in Figure 9, the step for laying LED 111 (step for laying a pair of LEDs 111) in the light source of LED 1 is 2 mm in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 11 and 2, 2 mm in the lateral direction and the magnification of the image formation is 18 as described above, an alternating pattern P in which the light parts are alternately arranged in a step of about 40 mm respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions (ie ie, the longitudinal adjustment step PL = 40 mm and the lateral adjustment step Pw = 40 mm) will be projected on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S.
    A-3. Image capture device configuration [00087] In the present mode, a two-dimensional CCD camera with an electronic shutter, which has an image sensor of
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    37/61 SVGA size (the image sensor has 788 light-receiving elements in the lateral direction and 580 light-receiving elements in the longitudinal direction) and emits 40 frames of the image signals every second in a progressive scheme, it is used as image capture device 2. This CCD camera is configured in such a way that a plurality of cameras can capture images in a synchronized manner through a synchronization signal provided from the outside. In the present modality, two of the CCD cameras 21 and 22 described above are used as an image capture device 2. The CCD cameras 21 and 22 are placed side by side in such a way that the field of view of each one has a portion mutually superimposed, and the sensitivity is adjusted to 1: 4 by adjusting the lens aperture and the gain of each camera (hereinafter, conveniently, the CCD camera with a lower sensitivity will be referred to as an image capture device of low sensitivity 21 and the CCD camera with a higher sensitivity will be referred to as a high sensitivity image capture device 22).
    [00088] In the present mode, the exposure time of the image capture device 2 is adjusted to 4 ms, in such a way that the shape of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, which is wound at a high speed of one maximum of 1500 mpm, can be measured without shaking the camera. In addition, a pass-through filter that allows only the bluish green color to pass through is provided in front of the lens of the image capture device 2 of the present modality, so that an image of the alternating pattern P can be clearly captured without being affected. by the radiant light emanating from the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, even when a hot-rolled steel sheet S having a temperature of 950 ° C is measured. The image capture device 2 of the present modali
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    38/61 is also contained in a dustproof case made of stainless steel as for the LED 1 light source, and the air purge by means of compressed air is performed in such a way that the lens is not dirty . Since the image capture device 2 of the present modality has a field of view of approximately 1,800 mm in the direction of the width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, the resolution in the lateral direction of the pattern image acquired by the capture device of image 2 is about 2.3 mm / pixel.
    A-4. Image analysis device configuration [00089] The image analysis device 3 of the present modality is configured in such a way that a program to perform the processing described below (hereinafter, called a flatness analysis program) is installed on a personal computer for general purposes (central processor: Core 2 Duo with clock frequency of 2.4 GHz, OS: Windows (trademark)). The image analysis apparatus 3 is configured in such a way that the image signals emitted from the low sensitivity image capture device 21 and the high sensitivity image capture device 22 are captured simultaneously in a memory at 256 levels (8 bits) via a built-in multi-channel image capture card. The image data (standard image) captured in the memory of the image analysis device 3 is analyzed by the flatness analysis program, and a flatness value measured as a result of the analysis is sent to a computer screen and a control device host (a control device to control the finishing laminator, etc.) of the image analysis device 3.
    A-5. Processing the content of the flatness analysis program [00090] The image analysis device 3 performs the processing according to the procedure shown in Figure 11 in the image
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    39/61 of the pattern, which is captured and acquired by the image capture device 2, with the flatness analysis program installed. Hereafter, each processing will be described successively. A-5-1. Configuration of the shape measuring line process (S1 of Figure 11) [00091] When configuring a shape measuring line, it is first judged whether the hot-rolled steel sheet S has entered the field of view or not. high sensitivity image capture device 22. More specifically, a predetermined region is provided in the central portion of the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22 and, when the pixel density in that region exceeds a threshold value the hot rolled steel sheet S is judged to have entered the field of view of the high sensitivity image capture device 22.
    [00092] When it is judged that the hot-rolled steel sheet S has entered the field of view of the high sensitivity image capture device 22; the measurement lines of format 23 (straight lines that receive the numbers 1 to 23 in Figure 12A) that extend along the longitudinal direction of the sheet (the longitudinal direction of the pattern image) in the 75 mm step in the direction of sheet width (the lateral direction of the pattern image) are adjusted in a range of 1,650 mm which is the maximum manufacturing width of the hot rolled steel sheet S, taking into account the resolution in the lateral direction of the pattern image (about 2.3 mm / pixel in the present modality) in the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22.
    [00093] It is observed that, when determining in advance the positional relationship between the coordinate in the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22 and the co
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    40/61 corresponding order in the pattern image acquired by the low sensitivity image capture device 21, it is possible, for the pattern image acquired by the low sensitivity image capture device 21, to adjust the format measurement lines in the positions which correspond to the format measurement lines adjusted for the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22, as described above. A-5-2. Processing of the calculation of the average pixel density distribution along the format measurement line (S2 of Figure 11) [00094] In this processing, as for the standard images acquired respectively by the low sensitivity image capture device 21 and by the high sensitivity image capture device 22, the pixel densities in a straight line that allows pixels to pass through the shape measurement line that extends in the lateral direction of the alternating pattern and that is no less than twice the length lateral adjustment step of the light part (the lateral adjustment step PW = 40 mm in this mode) are averaged to calculate an average pixel density. As described above, since in the present mode, the definition in the lateral direction of the pattern image is about 2.3 mm / pixel, the length of the straight line in which the pixel densities are averaged can be not less than 35 pixels. In the present modality, also taking into account that the lateral spacing of the light part of the alternating pattern is greater in the pixel region that corresponds to the seam of each substrate 11, it is configured in such a way that the length of the straight line in which the pixel densities have their average calculated is 60 pixels, and the average pixel density distribution along each shape measurement line is calculated. In addition, an average pixel density distribution is calculated for a range in which the x coordinate of Caption 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 45/75
    41/61 of the shape measurement line (position along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern in the pattern image) is 60 to 429 in pixel units (ie, 370 average pixel data).
    A-5-3. Selection processing of the low sensitivity image capture device or the high sensitivity image capture device (S3 of Figure 11) [00095] In this processing, the number of pixels in which the density is saturated is counted in the density distribution average pixel length along each shape measurement line fitted to the standard image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22. More specifically, in the present embodiment, if the density exceeds 250, the density is considered to be saturated and the number of such pixels (the number of saturated density pixels) is counted. As a result, when the number of saturated density pixels is no less than a preset threshold value that is preset, the average pixel density distribution along the shape measurement line adjusted in the pattern image acquired by the low sensitivity image capture device 21 is used (as described below, this average pixel density distribution is used to calculate the surface shape of the hot rolled steel sheet S along the shape measurement line). On the other hand, when the number of saturated density pixels is less than the predefined threshold value, the average pixel density distribution along the shape measurement line adjusted in the pattern image acquired by the image capture device of high sensitivity 22 is used. More specifically, for example, when the number of saturated density pixels is not less than a threshold value in the distribution of average pixel density along the number format measurement line. 6 adjusted in the pattern image acquired by the sensibi image capture device
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    42/61 high speed 22, the distribution of average pixel density along the number format measuring line. 6 adjusted in the pattern image acquired by the low sensitivity image capture device 21 is used. In addition, for example, when the number of saturated density pixels is less than a threshold value in the distribution of average pixel density along the number format measurement line. 13 adjusted to the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22, the distribution of average pixel density along the number format measurement line. 13 adjusted to the pattern image acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22 is used.
    [00096] A-5-4. Processing of the slope angle and surface shape calculation of the hot-rolled steel sheet surface along the shape measurement line (S4 of Figure 11) [00097] In the present processing, the distribution of the longitudinal step pm (x) the clear part of the alternating pattern along the shape measurement line is calculated based on the distribution of average pixel density along the shape measurement line which is calculated as described above for the cold rolled steel sheet. hot S which is the target of the measurement flatness.
    [00098] On the other hand, for a reference material that is placed horizontally and has a smooth surface shape, each processing similar to those described above is applied and the average pixel density distribution along the shape measurement line in the image of the standard acquired for the reference material is calculated. Then, based on the average pixel density distribution along such a shape measurement line, the longitudinal pitch distribution pS (x) of the light part of the alternating pattern along the shape measurement line is calculated in advance.
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    43/61 [00099] Although several methods are conceivable as a method to calculate the distributions of the longitudinal step p m (x) and p s (x) of the light part based on the distribution of average pixel density, in the present modality a method is applied phase analysis described below.
    [000100] Hereinafter, a phase analysis method to be applied to the average pixel density distribution described above will be described.
    [000101] Now, the average pixel density distribution obtained for the hot-rolled steel sheet S, which is the target of the measurement flatness, is considered to be f (x). The extraction of only the spatial frequency components that correspond to a predicted fluctuation range (for example, -5% to + 5%) from the longitudinal step of the light part of the alternating pattern of f (x) by applying a method of analysis of frequency such as the Fourier transformation method for f (x) will result in a distribution fs (x) represented by Formula (9) below. Since only the distribution of longitudinal steps of the light part of the projected alternating pattern is contained in this fs (x) as a periodic component, it is possible to determine the distribution of the longitudinal step by analyzing a phase component φ (χ).
    f s (x) = j (x) sin '(9) [000102] For the analysis of the phase component, for example, a Hilbert transformation can be used. Hilbert's transformation refers to a transformation in a waveform that has the same amplitude and whose phase is shifted by π / 2 (90 °) with respect to the original waveform. The calculation method to perform the Hilbert transformation benefits from the fact that the substitution, by zero, of the coefficient of the negative frequency part of FS (k) obtained when executing a Fourier transformation other than fs (x) and when executing the
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    44/61 distinct inverse Fourier transformation results in fs (x) + ih (x)). Since the resulting ih (x) is shifted in the phase by π / 2 with respect to fs (x), it can be represented by Formula (10) below.
    j (x) sin <= --- (10) [000103] Therefore, the result of calculating the tangent arc (function of the inverse tangent) of f s (x) / fn (x) will be equal to -φ (χ) , which is a phase component, as shown in Formula (11) below.
    [000104] Once the ο φ (χ) obtained is closed (doubled back to each π), the addition and subtraction of π (breakthrough processing) is performed at each turn point to obtain a waveform to be continued. In addition, as shown in Formula (12) below, when calculating the sum of the square root of f s (x) and íh (x), it is possible to determine the amplitude A (x) of fs (x).
    H 2 + Í6A4P = 7U (- T ) sii1 (X- T ))} 2 + ÍX- ^ cosGO} 2 = 4 *) [000105] Here, since dφ (x) / dx, which is the component differential of phase φ (χ), is equivalent to a spatial frequency distribution multiplied by 2π, the longitudinal step p m (x) of the light part of the alternating pattern can be determined by Formula (13) below.
    [000106] By performing the same analysis described above on the average pixel density distribution obtained for a reference material that is placed horizontally and has a flat surface shape, it is possible to determine the longitudinal pitch ps (x) of the light part of the alternating pattern.
    [000107] Then, in the present processing, the distribution of the
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    45/61 slope angle θ (χ) of the hot-rolled steel sheet surface S along the shape measurement line is calculated based on the distributions of the longitudinal steps p m (x) and p s (x) of the light part of the alternating pattern that are calculated as described above, and in Formula (1) below.
    ((Prt / xí / psíx)) - 1 Ί
    Θ (x) = tan -1 <----------------------------->”'(1)
    I tan Of + (p m Cx) / ps (x)) tan 3 I [000108] In Formula (1) described above, x means the position along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern in the pattern image (the position along the longitudinal direction of the sheet material); 0 (x) means the distribution of the slope angle formed by the horizontal direction and the surface of the sheet material; α means the angle formed by the vertical direction and the image capture direction by the image capture device (25 ° in the present mode); and β means the angle formed by the vertical direction and the projection direction of the alternating pattern (15 ° in the present modality).
    [000109] Finally, in the present processing, the surface shape of the hot rolled steel sheet S along each shape measuring line is calculated by integrating the slope angle of the surface of the hot rolled steel sheet S along of each shape measurement line, where the slope angle is calculated as described above, along each shape measurement line.
    [000110] The determination whether the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along each shape measurement line has been calculated can normally be done, for example, if the average pixel density distribution span over each shape measurement line has become excessively small or not. More specifically, between the amplitude A (x) that is calculated by Formula (12) when performing the phase analysis of the density distribution of
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    46/61 average pixel f (x) as described above, the number of pixels, whose amplitude is less than the predefined threshold value, is counted so that it is possible to determine that if the number of pixels is less than one predetermined number, the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S was not normally calculated and that if the number of pixels is not less than the predetermined number, the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S was normally calculated .
    A-5-5. Determination of the representative shape measurement line (S5 of Figure 11) [000111] In the present processing, first of all, among all shape measurement lines, the shape measurement lines for which the shape of the sheet surface hot rolled steel S was normally calculated are identified by the determination described above. In the example shown in Figure 12, the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S was normally calculated on the No. shape measurement lines. 5 to 21 (see Figure 12B).
    [000112] Then, between the shape measuring lines for which the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S was normally calculated (the shape measuring lines No. 5 to 21), the format measurement (the format measurement lines No. 6 and 20) which are immediately internally transversely in the direction of the format measurement lines located closer to the transverse edges of the sheet (the format measurement lines no. 5 and 21) are captured as representative format measuring lines L11 and L15.
    [000113] In addition, between the shape measuring lines (the shape measuring lines No. 5 to 21) for which the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S was normally calculated, the format measurement (the shape measurement lines
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    47/61 to No. 9, 13 and 17) that divide the strip in the direction of the sheet width defined by the shape measurement lines (the shape measurement lines No. 5 and 21) located closer to a transverse edge of the sheet, in four approximately equal parts are captured as representative measurement lines of format L12, L13 and L14.
    [000114] As described so far, a total of 5 representative measuring lines of format L11 to L15 are determined.
    A-5-6. Processing of flatness computation (degree of slope) (S6 of Figure 10) [000115] In the present processing, a degree of slope is computed based on the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along each of the lines representative format measuring instruments L11 to L15 which is calculated as described above. When computing such a degree of slope, firstly, an elongation rate on each of the representative shape measurement lines L11 to L15 is calculated based on the length of the surface in fixed sections of interest along each of the measurement lines. representative shapes L11 to L15 and in the direct distance between both ends of the sections. Then, a differential elongation rate Δε which is the difference between the scent elongation rate on the representative shape measuring line L13 on the transversely central portion of the hot rolled steel sheet S and the sedge elongation rate on other measurement lines. representative formats L11, L12, L14 and L15 (see Formula described (2) described above). In addition, a degree of slope λ is calculated based on the differential elongation rate Δε and Formula (3) described above.
    [000116] Hereinafter, the specific description will be made in the case where a degree of slope is determined based on the shape of the surface along the representative shape measurement line
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    48/61
    L11 in the vicinity of the left-hand edge and the representative measuring line L13 in the transversely central portion with reference to Figure 13.
    [000117] Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram to illustrate a method for computing a degree of slope. The elongation rate sedge in the representative shape measuring line L11 is calculated using a mathematical formula in the figure based on the surface length in the sections of interest of the shape of the surface S11 of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along the line measuring format L11 and the direct distance between both ends of the sections. Similarly, the scent elongation rate on the representative shape measurement line L13 is calculated using a mathematical formula in the figure based on the surface length in the sections of interest of the shape of the surface S13 of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along of the representative measuring line L13 and the direct distance between both ends of the sections. In the example shown in Figure 13, in order to suppress the effects of tiny measurement noises, the surface lengths of the S11 and S13 surface formats are calculated by dividing the section of interest with points Po to P12 into 12 subsections and approximating the section in a linear, piecewise manner. Then, the differential elongation rate Δε which is the difference between the elongation rate εcENτ on the representative shape measurement line L13 and the elongation rate εEDGE on the representative shape measurement line L11 is calculated, and a degree of slope λ is calculated based on the differential elongation rate Δε and Formula (3).
    A-5-7. Processing of determining the effectiveness of the measurement result (S7 of Figure 11) [000118] In the present processing, as described above, the flatness (degree of slope) in a plurality of different areas
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    49/61 of the hot-rolled steel sheet S in the longitudinal direction is measured successively, and it is determined whether the measurement was successful or not for the last N times of the measured values of the flatness where N is preset (and N is an integer not less than 2), respectively. In the present embodiment, the determination of whether the measurement was successful or not is determined if the shape of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S has normally been calculated over all representative shape measuring lines or not. That is, it is only after the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along all the representative shape measurement lines has normally been calculated, that it is determined that the measurement was successful for the measured flatness value. . The determination of whether the surface shape of the hot-rolled steel sheet S along a representative measuring line has normally been calculated or not is done in such a way that, as described above, the number of pixels, the amplitude of which is less than a predefined limit value, is counted between the amplitudes A (x) calculated by Formula (12), and when the number of such pixels is less than a predetermined number, the shape of the surface of the steel sheet is determined hot rolled S was not normally calculated, and when the number of pixels is not less than the predetermined number, it is determined that the surface shape of the hot rolled steel sheet S was calculated normally.
    [000119] Then, in the present processing, when the number of times the measurement is determined to be successful is not less than a predefined threshold value M among the measured flatness values of the last N times, a signal which shows that the measurement was successful (a signal that shows that the measurement result was effective) is sent to a control device that controls a finishing laminator, etc., and an average value of
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    50/61 measured flatness values that are successfully measured between the measured flatness values of the last N times are sent to the aforementioned recording equipment as a result of flatness measurement. On the other hand, when the number of times the measurement is determined to be successful is less than the aforementioned limit value M, a signal that shows that the measurement has failed (a signal that shows that the measurement result is ineffective) is sent to the aforementioned recording equipment.
    [000120] In the present modality, N is set to N = 10. According to the image analysis apparatus 3 of the present modality, 20 image frames of the standard can be processed per second and, therefore, N = 10 corresponds to 0 , 5 seconds. This is a response speed sufficient for the measurement to use the measured value of the flatness to control the feedback to the laminator for finishing lamination, and others. In addition, in the present modality, the limit value M is set to M = 5. In order to compute an exact degree of slope, the measurement values over a length of 5 m, which is not less than about 3 times the width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S (maximum 1.65 m), are required. For this reason, the limit value M is set to M = 5 in such a way that a measured result for which the measurement can normally be performed at least five times over a range of a 1 m field of view in the longitudinal direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet S is sent to the aforementioned control apparatus.
    [000121] From now on, the effects related to this modality will be described when applying the method to measure a flatness. A-6. Synchronous lighting effect of the LED [000122] Figure 14 is a graph showing the result of the evaluation of the elevation of the temperature (end temperature) of an LED
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    51/61 for each case where the LED of the present mode is illuminated continuously and for the case where it is intermittently illuminated synchronously with the image capture device (the frequency is 40 Hz and the illumination time is 5 ms).
    [000123] As shown in Figure 14, in the case of continuous lighting, LED 111 will reach a temperature as high as 100 ° C or even higher when the input power is as low as about 0.3 W. Once Since the temperature of the heat resistance of an LED is generally around 120 ° C, in the example of continuous lighting, the life of LED 111 can be significantly reduced. On the other hand, when intermittent lighting is adopted as in the present mode, the temperature rise is as low as about 50 ° C even when a maximum energy of 0.6 W (instantaneous value) is sent and, thus, failure of LED 111 due to heat build-up is avoided.
    A-7. Verification of the accuracy of the measurement of the slope angle [000124] Figure 15 shows the result of the verification of the accuracy of the measurement of the slope angle by the flatness measuring device of the present modality when using a sample for the measurement of the slope angle. Figure 15A is a plan view showing a sketch configuration of a sample for measuring the slope angle; Figure 15B is a front view showing a sample outline configuration for measuring the slope angle; and Figure 15C is a graph showing a result of checking the measurement accuracy.
    [000125] As shown in Figures 15A and 15B, the slope angle measurement sample is configured in such a way that the slope angles in two portions (the portions that correspond to the positions of the axes of rotation a and b) in the longitudinal direction of a vinyl chloride sheet while the sheet material can
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    52/61 must be arbitrarily adjusted and the slope angle in each portion is measured with an inclinometer (the measurement accuracy is 0.05 °). Then, the slope angle measurement sample is placed on a table roller and the vinyl chloride sheet slope angles in the two aforementioned portions are measured using the flatness measuring device 100 shown in Figure 5 The abscissa in Figure 15C shows the difference between the slope angles adjusted in two portions and the ordinate shows the difference between the slope angles in a transversely central portion of the vinyl chloride sheet in the two aforementioned portions measured by the measuring device of flatness 100.
    [000126] As shown in Figure 15C, the difference between the measurement results of the flatness measuring device 100 and the defined values (measured values of the inclinometer) resulted in 2σ = 0.45 °. When it is assumed that the surface shape of the sheet material is sinusoidal, the degree of slope and the angle of slope are in proportional relation, and a maximum degree of slope of 5%, which is conceivable in a manufacturing line for the sheet hot-rolled steel, corresponds to 9 ° when converted to a slope angle. In this respect, 0.45 ° corresponds to 0.13% when converted to the degree of slope; thus, it can be said that good measurement accuracy is ensured.
    A-8. Comparison of images of the pattern [000127] Figure 16 shows an example image of the pattern that is obtained when a linear pattern by a conventional projector that includes a slide is used and an example image of the pattern that is obtained when a pattern alternated by the source of LED light of the present modality is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S. Figure 16A shows an example image of the pattern when
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    53/61 a coating pattern by a conventional projector that includes a slide is used. Figure 16B is an example image of the pattern when a pattern alternated by the LED light source of the present modality is used, showing an example case in which the same power is sent to all the substrates of the LED light source. Figure 16B is an example image of the pattern when a pattern alternated by the LED light source of the present modality is used, showing an example case in which the input power to the substrates that correspond to the transversely central portion of the hot-rolled steel sheet S is adjusted to be lower than that of the substrates that correspond transversely to the edge portion thereof. Any of the pattern images in Figures 16A to 16C are an image of the pattern acquired by the high sensitivity image capture device 22. In addition, any of the pattern images in Figures 16A to 16C is an image of the pattern acquired for a constant region of hot-rolled steel sheets S with the same material and the same dimensions.
    [000128] It is observed that, since the light source that constitutes the conventional projector described above includes a slide, a metal halide lamp that has a nominal power of 2.5 kW is used. The light emitted from this lamp passes through a slide and an image-forming lens that are arranged on the front side of the lamp and is projected on the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S in an enlargement of the image formation of about 18 times. The distance from the projector to the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S is 2.5 m, and the dimensions of the projected linear pattern are 1,400 mm longitudinally and 1,800 mm laterally. The aforementioned slide is formed in a linear pattern by depositing Cr vapor on a silica glass substrate. The portions with deposition of Cr constit
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    54/61 in the dark parts of the coating pattern, and the portions without deposition constitute the light parts of the coating pattern.
    [000129] Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the linear pattern formed on a slide that constitutes a conventional projector. Figure 17A shows an overview and Figure 17B shows a partially enlarged view. As shown in Figure 17, the clear parts M are arranged in a 1.6 mm pitch in the longitudinal direction on the slide. Since, as described above, the magnification of the image formation is about 18, a linear pattern in which the clear parts M are arranged in a pitch of about 28.8 mm is projected onto the surface of the steel sheet hot rolled S. The illuminance near the surface of the hot rolled steel sheet S will be about 6,000 Lx near the optical axis of the projector and about 3,000 Lx in the vicinity of the edge of the hot rolled steel sheet M. [ 000130] As shown in Figure 16A, when a linear pattern by a conventional projector is used, the pixel density is saturated in a pixel region (central portion of the pattern image) that corresponds to a position where specularly reflected light is received and the linear pattern is indistinct. On the other hand, when a pattern alternated by the LED light source of the present modality is used, even when the same power is sent to all substrates (Figure 16B), the alternating pattern is not entirely indistinct in the central portion of the pattern image. and, in particular, when the input power to the substrate that corresponds to the central portion of the pattern image is adjusted to be minimal (Figure 16C), the alternating pattern is not indistinct and can be clearly observed.
    A-9. Comparison of the slope measurement table, etc. [000131] Figure 18 shows examples of measuring the degree of slope and others for the total length of a coil of the foil.
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    55/61 steel when the linear pattern by the conventional projector described above that includes a slide is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S. Figure 19 shows examples of measuring the degree of slope and others for the total length of a steel sheet coil when the pattern alternated by the LED light source of the present modality is used as a light and dark pattern to be projected onto the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S. The Figures 18A and 19A show the measured values of the degree of slope measured for the representative shape measurement lines L11 and L15 in the vicinity of both edges; Figures 18B and 19B show the number of times the measurement was successful among the last values of 10 flatness measurement values; and Figures 18C and 19C show the number of representative shape measurement lines for which the shape of the surface was normally measured. The hot-rolled steel sheet S that is the target of the measurement is of the same material and has the same dimensions for all cases and belongs to the portion near the anterior end where the flatness defects occurred.
    [000132] As shown in Figure 18, when a linear pattern by the conventional projector that includes a slide is used as a light and dark pattern, with respect to surface shape measurement, there have been cases where the measurement could not normally be performed for all five representative format measurement lines and the measurement failed for some of the representative format measurement lines. As a result, there was a case where the number of times the successful measurement was less than 5 times out of the last 10 measured values of the flatness, resulting in unreliable measurement values, which cannot be sent to the recording equipment. In particular, the measurement failed in a state of no tension from the front end of the hot-rolled steel sheet S, which in fact
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    56/61 requires that the flatness be controlled. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 19, when the pattern alternated by the LED light source of the present modality is used as a light and dark pattern, the measurement of the surface shape is normally performed substantially for the total length of a coil of the hot rolled steel sheet S, thereby showing that the increment is obtained in comparison with the conventional technique.
    A-10. Verification of the edge detection position [000133] Figure 20 is a graph showing the result of the evaluation of the measured values of the sheet width of the hot-rolled steel sheet S that can be calculated by the flatness measuring device of the present modality. The abscissa of Figure 20 shows the actual width of the sheet and the ordinate shows the difference between the measured value of the sheet width by the apparatus 100 and the actual width of the sheet. The measured value of the leaf width by the flatness measuring device 100 refers, as shown and described with reference to Figure 12, to the spacing between the shape measuring lines that are the closest transversely to the edges (measuring lines of format No. 5 and 21 in the example shown in Figure 12) between the format measuring lines (the format measuring lines of No. 5 to 21) for which the surface shape of the laminated steel sheet the hot S is normally calculated. Therefore, the measured value of the sheet width by the flatness measuring device 100 will be calculated in a 75 mm step as with the step of each shape measurement line.
    [000134] As shown in Figure 20, the difference between the measured leaf width value by the flatness measuring device 100 and an actual leaf width will be -100 mm to +50 mm. As previously described, the measured value of the leaf width by the flatness measuring device 100 refers to the spacing between the lines
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    57/61 of shape measurement which are closest to the transverse edges between the shape measurement lines for which the shape of the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S is normally calculated. In addition, the representative shape measuring line L11 in the vicinity of the left edge and the representative shape measuring line L15 in the vicinity of the right side are the shape measuring lines that are located immediately inward (75 mm internal) transversely in the direction of the lines described above the shape measurement transversely located as close as possible to the edges. As a result of this, the difference between the spacing between the L11 representative shape measuring line in the vicinity of the left side edge and the representative shape measurement align L15 in the right side edge and an actual width of the sheet will be a value of -250 mm (= -100 - 75 - 75) to 100 mm (= +50 - 75 - 75). In other words, the positions of the representative shape measuring line L11 in the vicinity of the left edge and the representative shape measuring line L15 in the vicinity of the right side will be inward from the actual edges of the rolled steel sheet. hot S by 50 mm to 125 mm on average. Therefore, it can be considered that the measurement of the surface shape is performed in a position that is generally used for flatness control.
    A-11. Measurement stability [000135] Table 1 shows an exemplary result of comparing measurement stability between cases where the linear pattern by the conventional projector that includes a slide is used and between cases where the pattern alternated by the light source of The LED of this modality is used for hot rolled steel sheet S of the same type of steel. Since the surface conditions of the hot-rolled steel sheet S vary according to the type of steel,
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    58/61 the measurement stability is compared on the same type of steel as the one for which the success rate of measuring the surface shape is lower when the linear pattern by the conventional projector is used. The success rate of measuring the surface shape and the rate of determination of effectiveness in average values in Table 1 shows, respectively, the values determined by the following Formulas (14) and (15) for each coil of the hot-rolled steel sheet S.
    [000136] Surface shape measurement success rate = (number of representative shape measurement lines for which the surface shape is normally calculated / total number of representative shape measurement lines determined respectively in the images captured for the length total of a coil) x 100 ... (14) [000137] Rate of determination of effectiveness = (number of times the flatness measurement was successful / number of images captured for the total length of a coil) x 100 . (15)
    Table 1
    Projection pattern Number of coils Success rate of surface shape measurement Rate of determination of effectiveness Linear pattern by conventional projector 163 83.8% 94.2% Pattern alternated byLED light source 60 99.80% 99.99%
    [000138] Regarding the measurement of the shape of the surface, although the success rate when the linear pattern by the conventional projector is used is 83.8%, the success rate has become 99.8% when using the alternating pattern by the LED light source of the present modality, thereby obtaining a significant increase. As a result, the rate of determining effectiveness has also increased from
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    94.2% to 99.9%.
    [000139] As described so far, considering that measurement defects when the linear pattern by the conventional projector is used have often occurred in the faulty flatness portions where control needs to be primarily performed, it is expected that the effect of applying the alternating pattern by the LED light source as with the present modality in the control of the measured values of the flatness becomes accentuated. In addition, by switching the control on / off based on determining the effectiveness of the measurement result, it is possible to prevent control failures due to abnormal measured values, thereby making a stable control.
    B. Second Mode
    B-1. Configuration of the LED light source [000140] Although in the first embodiment described above the description was made in an LED light source mode in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged in an alternating manner, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to use an LED light source in which a plurality of LEDs are arranged in a matrix form.
    [000141] Figure 21 is a schematic view showing an outline configuration of an LED light source 1A of the present embodiment. Figure 21A is a perspective view of a main part of the LED light source 1A and Figure 21B is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of LEDs 111 on each substrate 11. As shown in Figure 21, the source of LED light 1A of the present embodiment differs from the light source of LED 1 of the first embodiment, which has five substrates 11 in which a plurality of LEDs 111 are arranged in a matrix form. The LED 111 of the present modality, which has a size of 0.6 mm 2 and can send a maximum of 0.6 W at the most, is fixed on an insulated substrate 11 made of aluminum and
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    60/61 with electrical wiring. Since a total of 112 LEDs 111, including 7 in the longitudinal direction (these seven LEDs 111 are connected in series) and 16 in the lateral direction, are arranged on each substrate 11, the input power for each substrate 11 is 67.2 W (= 0.6 x 112). LEDs 111 are arranged in a matrix form in a 10 mm pitch in the longitudinal direction and in a 1.1 mm pitch in the lateral direction of the substrate 11. The other configurations of the LED light source 1A are similar to those of the source light 1 of the first modality; your description will be omitted. When using a flatness measuring device that has a configuration similar to that of the flatness measuring device 100 of the first mode, except for the one where the LED light source 1A in place of the LED light source 1 is also applied. possible to accurately measure the flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet S.
    [000142] A light and dark pattern, which must be projected onto the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet S when using the LED light source 1A of the present modality, has a very small step of the LED array 111 in the lateral direction compared to the pitch of the arrangement in the longitudinal direction and will therefore provide one that has a substantial coating pattern.
    [000143] Figure 22 shows an example of the pattern image obtained when using the LED light source 1A of the present modality. Figure 22A shows an example of the pattern image obtained for a hot-rolled steel sheet S that has a flat surface shape and Figure 22B shows an example of the pattern image obtained for a hot-rolled steel sheet S in which a central deformation occurred.
    [000144] As shown in Figure 22, it can be seen that the longitudinal step of the light part of the light and dark pattern in the central portion (on the representative measurement line L13) of an image
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 65/75
    61/61 of the standard obtained for the hot-rolled steel sheet S in which the central deformation occurred a central deformation changed from the longitudinal step of the light part of the light and dark pattern in the central portion (in the representative shape measuring line L13 ) of the pattern image obtained for the hot-rolled steel sheet S which has a flat surface shape. By submitting this pattern image to the same processing as that of the first modality, it is possible to accurately measure the flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet S as with the first modality.
    [000145] It is observed that, in the first and second modalities described so far, the description was made by way of example, as in the case where the flatness (degree of slope) is measured on the side of a rolling mill's train for finishing lamination of a manufacturing line for hot rolled steel sheet. However, since the method related to the present invention does not need a large-scale measuring device and provides a good ability to monitor the sinuosity of the hot-rolled steel sheet (see Figure 20), it can be applied to the in which case the flatness is measured between finishing laminating laminators where the installation space is small or just before a coil winding machine where the hot rolled steel sheet exhibits a large proportion of sinuosity. In addition, it is also applicable to the case where the flatness is measured, for example, on the outlet side of a continuous annealing furnace of a manufacturing line for the thin steel sheet, where, in addition to the cold-rolled steel sheet defective flatness becomes problematic. In addition, by using an image forming lens that has a greater magnification of the image formation and by placing the LED light source further away from the surface of the sheet material, it is also possible to measure a flatness of a larger sheet material. , such as a thick steel sheet.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. Method for measuring a flatness of sheet material, which comprises:
    the projection of a light and dark pattern composed of light and dark parts on a sheet material (S) surface that moves in a longitudinal direction;
    capturing an image of a light and dark pattern with an image capture device (2, 21, 22) to acquire an image of the pattern, with the image capture device (2, 21, 22) having a field of view larger than a width of the sheet material (S); and the analysis of the acquired image of the pattern to measure the flatness of the sheet material (S), characterized by the fact that, a light and dark pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions it is formed by the light emitted from an LED light source (1) that includes a plurality of LEDs (111) arranged in a predetermined step, respectively, in the longitudinal and lateral directions;
    the light and dark pattern is projected onto the surface of the sheet material (S) in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern meets along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material (S) and the lateral direction of the pattern light and dark meets along a direction of the width of the sheet material (S), the image capture device (2, 21, 22) is arranged in a position where the image capture device (2, 21, 22) can receive light from the light and dark pattern reflected specularly on the surface of the sheet material (S); and between the current values to be applied to each LED (111) included in the LED light source (1), the current value to be applied
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 67/75
    [2]
    2/4 applied to an LED (111) that corresponds to a light part that results from the specularly reflected light received by the image capture device (2, 21,22) is adjusted to be minimal.
    2. Method for measuring a flatness of sheet material, which comprises:
    the projection of a light and dark pattern composed of light and dark parts on a sheet material (S) surface that moves in a longitudinal direction;
    capturing an image of a light and dark pattern with an image capture device (2, 21, 22) to acquire an image of the pattern, with the image capture device (2, 21, 22) having a field of view larger than a width of the sheet material (S); and the analysis of the acquired image of the pattern to measure the flatness of the sheet material (S), characterized by the fact that, a light and dark pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step respectively in the longitudinal directions and lateral is formed by the light emitted from an LED light source (1) that includes a plurality of LEDs (111) arranged in a predetermined step, respectively, in the longitudinal and lateral directions; and the light and dark pattern is projected onto the surface of the sheet material (S) in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the light and dark pattern meets along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material (S) and the direction side of the light and dark pattern meets along a direction of the width of the sheet material (S), a two-dimensional camera with an electronic shutter that can adjust an exposure timing and an exposure time is used as an image capture device (2, 21, 22); and a lighting timing and lighting time
    Petition 870190117280, of 11/13/2019, p. 68/75
    [3]
    3/4 of the LED (111) are provided synchronously with an exposure timing and exposure time set in the two-dimensional camera with the electronic shutter.
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a first stage of forming an alternating pattern in which a light part is arranged in a predetermined adjustment step in the longitudinal and lateral directions respectively by the light emitted from an LED light source (1) which includes a plurality of LEDs (111) arranged alternately in a predetermined step respectively in the longitudinal and lateral directions, and the projection of the alternating pattern on the surface of the sheet material (S) in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern is along a longitudinal direction of the sheet material (S), and the lateral direction of the alternating pattern is along a direction of the width of the sheet material (S);
    a second step of disposing the image capture device (2, 21, 22) in a position where the image capture device (2, 21, 22) can receive the light of the alternating pattern reflected specularly on the surface of the sheet material (S), and the acquisition of the pattern image when capturing an image of the alternating pattern with the image capture device (2, 21,22);
    a third step of adjusting a shape measurement line that extends along the longitudinal direction of the alternating pattern at a predetermined position in the image acquired from the pattern;
    a fourth step of calculating the average pixel densities in a straight line that passes pixels in the shape measurement line and extends in the lateral direction of the alternating pattern and that has a length no less than twice the late adjustment stepPetition 870190117280 , of 11/13/2019, p. 69/75
    [4]
    4/4 ral of the light part, and the calculation of an average pixel density;
    a fifth step of calculating an average pixel density distribution along the shape measurement line; and a sixth step of calculating a sheet material surface shape (S) along the shape measurement line based on the distribution of the calculated average pixel density, and computing a sheet material flatness (S) with based on the shape of the calculated surface.
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that:
    as LED (111), an LED is used which emits light of a single wavelength different from a peak wavelength of radiant light emanating from the sheet material (S); and a pass-through filter that lets in only light that has a wavelength close to the wavelength of the LED emission (111) is arranged in front of the image capture device (2, 21,22).
    [5]
    5. Method for manufacturing a sheet of steel, which comprises rough rolling of a billet with a roughing rolling mill, rolling the billet with a rolling mill train for finishing rolling and then cooling the billet in one cooling zone to manufacture a sheet of steel, characterized by the fact that a rolling condition of the rolling mill train for finishing rolling or a cooling condition in the cooling zone is controlled based on a measurement result of a flatness of a steel sheet as a sheet material by the method of measuring a flatness, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112012026605A2|2016-07-12|
    US20130098127A1|2013-04-25|
    JPWO2011145168A1|2013-07-22|
    CN102918353A|2013-02-06|
    US9003846B2|2015-04-14|
    CN102918353B|2015-11-25|
    JP4666273B1|2011-04-06|
    WO2011145168A1|2011-11-24|
    KR101441226B1|2014-09-17|
    KR20130009837A|2013-01-23|
    EP2573509A4|2017-05-17|
    EP2573509B1|2022-01-19|
    EP2573509A1|2013-03-27|
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    法律状态:
    2016-10-04| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION (JP) |
    2016-10-25| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: NIPPON STEEL AND SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION (JP) |
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION (JP) |
    2020-01-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-24| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/05/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/JP2010/058329|WO2011145168A1|2010-05-18|2010-05-18|Method for measuring flatness of sheet material and steel sheet production method utilizing said method|
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