巴西专利BR112012026203B1 head protection support liners

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专利摘要:
ARTICLE AND LINES FOR HEAD PROTECTION SUPPORT. A liner adapted to be interposed between the inner surface of a protective head support and a user's head includes a plurality of network fluid cells adapted to distribute and dissipate an impact force to the liner, and / or head support with which the liner is used, across a larger area of the user's head when compared to the impact site, and also to cushion the tendency of the user's head to return from the impact backwards from the imapcto site through the transfer of fluid through the network from fluid cells at the impact site to the one in the opposite region. The discrete fluid cells interspersed between the network fluid cells keep the liner and / or head support in a predetermined orientation over the user's head. The flow of fluid within the liner can be restricted or directed by configuring the fluid pathways. A liner may further include means for moving the fluid into or out of the fluid cells.
公开号:BR112012026203B1
申请号:R112012026203-3
申请日:2011-04-19
公开日:2021-02-23
发明作者:Patrick Abernethy
申请人:Patrick Abernethy；
IPC主号:

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DESCRIPTIVE REPORT Related Requests
[0001] This Application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. serial number 61325707, filed on April 19, 2010, and Non-Provisional Patent Application no. serial number 13023440, filed on February 8, 2011, the complete disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field
[0002] The disclosure refers to personal protective equipment and, in particular, linings containing fluids adapted for use with a wide variety of protective head support models. Background
[0003] The liners are used in conjunction with protective head support, such as helmets designed for use with various sports and other outdoor activities, primarily to be interposed generally between the inner surface of the head support and a user's head . Most liners are configured for the user's comfort, but some may also or alternatively have a protective function, such as the inclusion of cushions, cushions or other materials to soften or prevent the impact of the user's head against the interior of the head support, such as when the outside of the head support is subject to impact or other force.
[0004] Many injuries to the head or brain incurred while wearing protective head supports, however, are caused or aggravated by what can be referred to as a "return impact effect": in the case of a sudden force distributed to the support the user's head will initially tend to oscillate in the direction of the impact point and then either resume the impact from the inside of the head support (or damping system) away from the impact point. In certain cases, it is the energy associated with the impact return effect, sometimes, regardless of the fact that the initial impact is cushioned, which is primarily responsible for the severity of head injuries sustained when using a head support.
[0005] Head support liners or protection systems, which include a plurality of fluid-filled chambers or pads can be found, for example, in US5720051, US4566137, US4375108, US43707S4. US4354284, US7774866 and US428761. In some of these disclosures, fluid-filled cushions are joined together to allow fluid to flow from one cushion to an adjacent one in order to absorb and / or distribute energy from an impact to the head support on a large area of the user's head. However, there is no approach to the return to impact effect as explained above. In addition, although the head support with which some of these liners are used may employ a chinstrap or other device to guide the head support on a user's head, none of the liners themselves include such a feature. The full disclosures of the aforementioned publications are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. summary
[0006] Illustrative modalities of liners adapted for use with the head support, generally in a way in which the liner is interposed between the inner surface of the head support and the head of a user received in it, include a plurality of cells of fluid formed from a fluid impermeable material, flexible, each fluid cell adapted to receive and store liquid, such as air, the plurality of fluid cells including a group of network fluid cells that communicate, each one, with at least one other via a fluid pathway, and a group of discrete, non-networked fluid cells interspersed between the cells of the network fluid. In such embodiments, when the fluid pressure in the fluid cells is at least a predetermined minimum value, such as an equivalent to atmospheric pressure, the discrete fluid cells are configured to position the head support on a user's head and to maintain an initial spaced relationship between the user's head and the inner surface of the head support, and the fluid pathways are configured to equalize the fluid pressure through the network fluid cells of the group that respond to a force released from them, such as how to distribute and thus dissipate this force over a larger region of the user's head than that corresponding to the initial point or location of impact. In such embodiments, the interconnected fluid cells, or network, are adapted to cushion the tendency of the user's head to resume from impact from an impact location by laterally distributing the fluid from network cells or close to the site of impact (or on, or near the part of the lining that corresponds to the impact location on the head support) for other network fluid cells that are arranged in one or more locations on the lining that are, in general, opposite to the impact location .
[0007] In some embodiments, the lining is formed from two or more overlapping sheets of a fluid-impermeable material, flexible, with the adjacent surfaces of it being closed in regions internally of its peripheries in order to form the pathways and cells of fluid. In some embodiments, the fluid cells are arranged in a single layer. In such embodiments, each of the discrete cells of the fluid can be laterally encompassed by at least one network cell, or a combination of at least two network cells and the fluid path (s) that interconnect them. In some embodiments, the height of the cross section of the discrete fluid cells, as defined by the extent to which the discrete fluid cells project into the hollow formed by the liner, is greater than that of the network fluid cells, so to maintain a spaced relationship between the user's head and the head support, or even between the user's head and the cells of the network.
[0008] In some embodiments, some of the fluid cells can be configured to release fluid that responds to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure, such as by rupture, by transferring fluid through a path or valve configured to only allow the transfer of fluid. fluid once the threshold fluid pressure is reached and so on. Some embodiments may include reserve fluid cells that are initially empty, but are configured to accept fluid transferred from other fluid cells that respond to the threshold fluid pressure.
[0009] In some embodiments, some of the fluid pathways may be provided with means to restrict the flow of fluid to a predetermined flow rate, or to establish the transfer of preferred fluids between certain network cells, such as cells in regions opposite sides of the liner, for example, to facilitate the dampening effect of returning the liner impact.
[0010] Fluid cells in some liners may be completely closed from the ambient atmosphere, while some liner modalities may be fitted with valves, such as by including one or more valve members adapted to allow fluid to flow in or out out of one or more cells in the fluid. Such modalities may also include pressurizing means for the movement of the selective fluid into or out of the liner, such as by means of an integrally removable or removable pump.
[0011] In some modalities, a lining is attached to the inner surface of a helmet that has an impact resistant outer surface and adapted to be placed between the inner surface and the user's head. In such embodiments, the lining can be removably positioned inside the helmet through a plurality of fasteners, which can optionally be arranged in a configuration that defines a predetermined orientation for the positioning of the lining in relation to the helmet.
[0012] The concepts and components listed above are clarified with reference to the attached drawings and the detailed description below. Brief Description of Drawings
[0013] FIG. 1 shows a side view of an illustrative embodiment of a head support liner, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, in partial section to show the interior surface and a cross section thereof.
[0014] FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of a part of the fluid cell pattern on the inner surface of the head support lining of FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of another configuration of a fluid cell pattern of another illustrative embodiment of a head support liner, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the lining of FIG. 1 incorporated in a head support that is used by a user.
[0017] FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view similar to that shown in FIG. 4, but in which the user's head has moved forward inside the helmet, such as in response to an impact force distributed to the outer surface of the front of the helmet.
[0018] FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of a configuration of another fluid cell pattern of another illustrative embodiment of a head support liner, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, in which some of the fluid pathways are adapted to provide a pathway for preferred fluid flow.
[0019] FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of a fluid cell pattern configuration of another illustrative embodiment of a head support liner, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, wherein some of the fluid pathways include fluid restricting means.
[0020] FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional view of an illustrative embodiment of a head support liner, constructed in accordance with the present disclosure, in which the liner is provided with pressurizing means. Detailed Description
[0021] The protective lining of the present disclosure can be used in several areas and the focus of the model may change depending on the application. For example, the liner is generally adapted for use with a protective head support, such as a helmet, to be interposed between the inner surface of the head support and the head of a user received on it. In such embodiments, the lining may have a shape appropriate to the configuration of the interior of the head support, in order to provide coverage for the areas and / or part of the user's head that the head support covers or protects. Liners constructed in accordance with the present disclosure may, in some modalities, be suitable for use with other parts or types of personal protective equipment, such as those used in sports or other activities to protect other parts of the user's body. Therefore, it is intended that, although the illustrative modalities of a lining described in this document can be for use with a specific type of protective helmet or other head supports used in connection with a particular activity, the present invention has application in other areas, it can be adapted to such applications without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
[0022] Referring initially to FIG. 1, an illustrative embodiment of a liner for protective head supports constructed in accordance with the present disclosure is generally indicated by 10, and is shown to comprise a plurality of fluid cells 20 which are each adapted to receive and store a fluid, such as air, in it, and also a plurality of fluid pathways 22 that join some of the cells 20. The cells 20 and pathways 22 are, at least partially, formed from a fluid impermeable material, flexible and are shown to be arranged in a single layer generally defining a shape that has a suitable concavity to receive at least part of a user's head.
[0023] In particular, cells 20 and pathways 22 of the illustrative lining 10 are formed from two overlapping sheets 24, 26 of such a material, with the adjacent surfaces of the same closed in the regions internally to their peripheries to form the cells and fluid pathways. Although other configurations with two or more sheets are possible, in the liner 10, the "inner" sheet 24 forms the inner surface of the liner 10 which forms the concavity, and includes fluid cells 20 and pathways 22, which protrude or protrude. usually stand out in the concavity. The "outer" sheets 26 form a generally smooth outer surface of the lining 10.
[0024] As is evident from the shape and the context, the liner 10 is configured for use with protective head supports, just like any of several types of helmets suitable for a variety of sports and other activities, including football helmets , baseball helmets, motorcycle or motocross helmets, bicycle helmets, ski and snowboarding helmets, military helmets, and so on. The liner 10 can be incorporated into a helmet or other head supports, in general, being interposed between the user's head and the inside of the helmet. As such, one or both of the interior and exterior surfaces of the ceiling can be provided with additional components or features, as appropriate for the application. For example, the lining in some modalities can be removably positioned inside a helmet or permanently attached to it, such as, for example, through one or more fixing systems that attach the lining directly to the inner surface of the helmet and / or a secondary cushioning system in the inner helmet, such as hook and loop fasteners, adhesives, fasteners and so on. Although the lining can be used with the inner surface (or parts of it) directly contacting the user's head, the inner surface of the lining can optionally be provided with a fabric cover or lining, for example, for the user's comfort, to absorb perspiration, to prevent slipping and so on.
[0025] The plate material can be of any suitable material having the flexibility and impermeability to the fluid. In the illustrative liner 10, the material is a plastic material, specifically polyethylene. Polyethylene and other plastics typically retain their flexible and impermeable properties across a variety of material thicknesses, making them ideal for production processes that can stretch or otherwise fine-tune the material to its initial thickness. For example, a 15 mil polyethylene sheet that was used to form a prototype liner having a fluid cell configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 1, tuned to approximately 6 mils through the production process used to form the liner. However, a wide variety of sheet materials, or combinations of two or more materials, can be used, as suitable for the application, production method and so on. The selection of the material (and the characteristics of the material chosen, such as thickness) can optionally depend to a large extent on the fluid (or fluid) used with the liner fluid cells. In the illustrative modalities shown and discussed here, the fluid is ambient or pressurized air, but different gases or mixtures of gases or liquids or other mixtures of fluids can be used. The material (or materials) can also be selected based on the material's elasticity resistance, the production process and so on. For an example of the first, in some embodiments, the material and / or its characteristics (such as thickness) can be selected to tear or otherwise fail after being subjected to a predetermined fluid pressure or another force, such as it may result from an impact or collision, in a given catastrophic impact or collision.
[0026] As is evident from FIG. 1, the plurality of fluid cells 20 is shown to include two types: those that are interconnected by fluid pathways 22, and those that are not. In other words, some of the fluid cells 20 are networked and form one or more groups of network fluid cells, while some of the fluid cells 20 are discrete or separate and not connected to other fluid cells. As such, cells of the first type are referred to herein as network fluid cells (or network cells) 30, and cells of the second type as discrete fluid cells (or discrete cells) 32. As explained in more detail below, when the fluid cells are at least partially filled with the fluid, or in other words, when the fluid pressure in the fluid cells is at least a predetermined minimum value, the discrete fluid cells 32 function to properly position and / or orient the head-to-head support and fluid pathways 22 equalize and transfer fluid pressure through the network fluid cells 30 of a group that responds to a force distributed to it, as may result from an impact to the surface exterior of the head support with which the liner is used. In the prototype liner mentioned above, the minimum predetermined value of air pressure, both in the network fluid cells, and in discrete cells, is substantially equivalent to atmospheric pressure.
[0027] For simplicity, the network fluid cells 30 of the illustrative liner 10 are shown forming a group of network cells, in other words, each of the network fluid cells 30 of the liner 10 is interconnected, by means of a or more intermediate fluid pathways 22 (and possibly through one or more intermediate network cells), to each other liner network cell. However, other modalities can include two or more different groups of network cells.
[0028] Discrete fluid cells 32 are interleaved between network fluid cells 30. In the illustrative embodiment in which fluid cells 20 of liner 10 are arranged in a single layer, the term "interleaved" indicates that each cell of discrete fluid 32 is laterally encompassed by at least one network fluid cell or a combination of two (or more) network fluid cells and one (or more) fluid pathway that connects to them, as is perhaps best illustrated in FIG. 2, showing a detailed view of some of the fluid cells 20 formed by the inner sheet 24 of the liner 10.
[0029] In the illustrative lining of FIGS. 1 and 2, all fluid cells 20 (both network cells 30 and discrete cells 32) are shown to have a substantially round, substantially constant cross section as they project into the interior; in other words, the fluid cells are substantially cylindrical in shape. In addition, the network and discrete cells are all shown to be substantially the same size as others of the same type, with the diameter of the network cells larger than that of the discrete cells. In particular, in an illustrative prototype example having a fluid cell configuration similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the network fluid cells have a diameter of approximately 30 mm, and the discrete cells have a diameter of approximately 12 mm.
[0030] Naturally, the three-dimensional shape of the fluid cells can be considered as a kind of a function of which the cell contains any fluid and / or the pressure of the fluid within it. Although not necessary for all modalities, in the illustrative modalities shown and discussed here it is assumed that the fluid cells each contain air generating approximately the same pressure or greater than the atmospheric pressure, which is generally sufficient to inflate the fluid cells to initially adopt the shapes (or shape) discussed here.
[0031] Fluid pathways can take any shape and size of suitable cross section. In FIGS. 1 and 2, fluid pathways 22 are each shown to have a much smaller cross section than fluid cells and to describe a generally linear path between the fluid cells they interconnect. However, as explained in more detail here, routes configured and sized differently can be incorporated into a liner, for example, to facilitate or restrict fluid flow between or between certain fluid cells.
[0032] The shapes, dimensions, dimension ratio and other characteristics of the fluid cells and fluid pathways shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, are not necessary for all modalities. For example, alternative configurations may include a variety of network fluid and / or discrete cells that are sized differently, fluid cells in a different shape, and so on. An alternative configuration is shown in FIG. 3, in which the mesh cells assume a ring shape, with each mesh cell 30 encompassing a discrete cell 32. In some liner embodiments, the fluid cells can be arranged in different configurations, for example, in different areas of the lining. In fact, a wide variety of fluid cell dimensions, shapes, network configurations and interleaved patterns can be used for different activities, different levels of fit, comfort, impact energy absorption, manufacturing method and so on.
[0033] In the illustrative liner 10, the discrete fluid cells are not only isolated from other fluid cells, but are closed from the ambient atmosphere through the material from which they are formed. In some embodiments, in a somewhat similar way, each group of network cells, although interconnected by their fluid pathways, can also be closed off from the ambient atmosphere. Such a configuration can be interpreted as a completely closed configuration.
[0034] However, although it is not necessary for all modalities, the illustrative liner 10 is shown in FIG. 1 including a valve member 34 configured to allow fluid movement into or out of the network fluid cell group, such as by transferring ambient air from the atmosphere or through pressurizing means (not shown) such as the attachable pump device. As such, due to the fact that the discrete cells are closed, while the network cell group has valves, the illustrated configuration can be interpreted as a partially closed configuration, or. alternatively, as a tube configuration. Of course, other configurations or variants of these configurations are also possible, such as those that include multiple groups of network cells, some of which are closed and some of which have a valve; those in which some of the discrete cells are closed, while other discrete cells are valved, and so on. In addition, a valve configuration can include more than one valve per group of network cells and so on.
[0035] In a partially or completely closed configuration, a predetermined amount of fluid, or fluid pressure, can be introduced, or otherwise, contained in the fluid cells during the production process. For example, in the aforementioned prototype liner, a first sheet of polyethylene was vacuum-pressed into a substantially dome-shaped mold that includes a number of depressed and raised areas that collectively define the shapes of the various fluid cells and fluid pathways. The ambient air in the volumes formed by the fluid cell and depressions via the fluid was closed in the prototype liner by applying a second sheet of applied material and adhered to the raised areas of the first sheet. Of course, other manufacturing methods can be employed. For example, air (or other fluid) at any desired pressure can be closed to the liner fluid cells by performing the manufacturing process described above, in a pressurized fluid chamber.
[0036] Valve members, such as valve member 34, can be configured as desired. For example, even if the production process for a liner captures or closes an initial amount or volume of ambient air in the fluid cells that are valved, a valve member such as valve member 34 can allow a user to increase or decrease the pressure of the fluid in such cells (or in the network group to which these cells are connected), such as by opening the valve to the ambient atmosphere, by connecting to a pressurizing medium, such as a pump, and so on. Some manufacturing processes, such as the one described above, produce a liner in which the fluid cells are all at least partially filled with fluid or, in other words, in which the pressure of the fluid in the fluid cells is at least one predetermined minimum value; in others, the fluid may need to be introduced into the valve fluid cells prior to use. Some modalities can be configured to allow the user to adjust the fluid pressure in some or all of the fluid cells to achieve a desired level of comfort and / or safety. In some embodiments, a valve member can be designed to discharge pressure to the ambient atmosphere automatically in response to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure, such as in the case of an impact from a protective head support piece, with which the liner is used.
[0037] The pressure of the fluid in which the fluid cells, either as supplied during manufacture or as defined by a user, is generally less than the maximum fluid pressure that a given cell can contain before bursting, so that the cell can accept additional fluid displaced from another network cell, to deform in response to a force, and so on.
[0038] Referring again to the illustrative liner, as shown in FIG. 1, the fluid cells are configured so that when the fluid cells are at least partially filled with fluid and / or when the fluid pressure in them is at least a predetermined minimum value, the height of the discrete cells 32, such as defined, for example, by the extent to which a discrete cell protrudes into the hollow formed by the lining (or, alternatively, the extent to which the discrete cells protrude from the inner sheet 24 that forms the inner surface of the lining), is greater than that of the network cells 30. However, in other examples, the height of the discrete cells is less than or substantially equal to the height of the network cells. In a closed configuration, the amount of fluid in each of the discrete cells remains more or less constant through the use of the liner, for example, unless the material that defines a particular discrete cell ruptures. In addition, unless the material from which it is formed is stretched by a force, the height of a discrete fluid cell also remains constant.
[0039] However, the amount of fluid and / or fluid pressure in each of the network cells can vary, such as if a network cell is compressed by applying some force, in which case the fluid contained in them is transferred to another cell or network cells in the group in order to equalize the pressure across the group. As such, the height of each mesh cell will selectively vary depending on the volume of fluid in the group, the pressure applied to a given mesh cell in a group, and so on.
[0040] In the aforementioned prototype liner, the height of a discrete fluid cell in a resting, neutral state (that is, when no more than ambient atmospheric pressure, or the nominal resting pressure against a user's head , is applied to any of the liner fluid cells) is about 50 mm and the height of a mesh fluid cell is about 30 mm. Although the respective heights can vary between modalities, the larger, substantially constant height of the discrete cells helps to space the user's head from the network cells. This spacing helps to position and orient initially and to maintain the proper positioning of the head support over the user's head during use. The positioning system provided by the discrete fluid cells also helps to prevent inadvertent compression of the network cells due to improper positioning of the head support on the user's head, in order to ensure an even distribution of the initial fluid across the groups of lining network cells. As explained below, a uniform initial fluid distribution allows the network cells to distribute more effectively and dissipate a force, as due to an impact of the head support.
[0041] Although a range may vary between modalities, the height of the network fluid cells of the prototype liner vary between about 5 mm and about 100 mm, such as when the liner or a part of it is in a impacted state in which the fluid cells can be compacted or stretched (that is, when one or more forces are applied to one or more network cells, as in response to an impact distributed to the outside of the head support with which the lining it is used).
[0042] As a simple example that illustrates this concept, FIGS. 4 and 5 show a liner 10 constructed in accordance with the present disclosure and incorporated into a conventional helmet, which is generally indicated by 40, worn on a user's head, which is generally indicated by 50. The helmet has an outer surface impact-resistant shell type, and an inner surface that defines a hollow adapted to receive a user's head in it. As shown, the liner is removably positioned inside the helmet to be interposed between the user's head and the inner surface 42 of the helmet, as through a number of fasteners 44 between the outer surface of the liner and the inner surface 42. The fasteners 44 are shown as hook and loop fasteners, but any suitable way in which fasteners can be used. In addition, the configuration of the fasteners 44, as well as the way in which the fasteners are arranged on the inner surface of the helmet, can define a predetermined orientation for the positioning of the lining in relation to them, such as by forming a pattern to match to a corresponding fastener pattern on the outer surface of the lining.
[0043] FIG. 4 represents the liner in a neutral, resting state, in which the discrete fluid cells 32 of the liner are shown in direct contact with the user's head 50, maintaining the correct orientation of the helmet 40 and, initially, spacing the user's head from the inner surface 42 of the helmet. FIG. 5, however, represents the lining in an impacted state, in particular, one in which a force is distributed to the front of the outer surface 46 of the helmet, for example, as if the front of the helmet impacts an object.
[0044] As noted above, in the event that a sudden force is distributed to the helmet, the wearer's head tends to oscillate initially towards the point of impact, as shown in FIG. 5, in which the user's head 50 is shown moved forward in relation to the helmet 40. In response to this movement, the fluid cells between the user's head and the inside of the helmet are compressed. Specifically, the discrete fluid cells in the part of the lining between the user's head and the front of the helmet, which are either in contact with the user's head or, due to their height, are in the user's head as they move towards forward towards the inner surface of the helmet, they initially absorb some impact energy and slow down the wearer's head.
[0045] As the discrete fluid cells are compressed and the wearer's head moves further into the helmet, the nearby wearer's head meets the mesh cells, which provide additional cushioning and deceleration. Depending on the configuration of the discrete cells and the nature of the force, the discrete cells may distend by compression or rupture or otherwise release fluid. However, the liner fluid cells 30 are configured to distribute and thus dissipate the impact force by transferring fluid from the compressed mesh cells to others in the group via fluid pathways 22. As a result , the impact force is distributed over a larger area of the user's head compared to the point of impact of the helmet.
[0046] In addition, FIG. 5 shows that the fluid cells 30 of the liner opposite those compressed between the user's head and the helmet (in other words, those for the back of the user's head) are inflated in comparison to their neutral state , having accepted fluid transferred from compacted mesh cells at the front of the lining, to the point that inflated mesh cells can contact the back of the user's head. In this condition, the inflated cells can serve to restrict or even prevent the user's head from returning to the impact from the point of impact, which in turn can reduce or even eliminate the occurrence and / or severity of head or head injuries. brain that would otherwise result from the impact return effect.
[0047] As such, a uniform initial fluid distribution can ensure an effective fluid transfer between the grid cells, such as those that are compressed as a result of an impact force, when the lining is in the impacted state. On the other hand, an uneven distribution of the initial fluid, such as if some cells are compressed and / or stretched when the lining is not in an impacted state, can reduce the ability of some cells to transfer fluid or accept fluid transferred from others cells. As such, the positioning of the lining in relation to a user's head, which is reached by discrete fluid cells, where such spacing can help prevent accidental cell compression due to the incorrect orientation of a neutral state, facilitates the capacity of the lining to dissipate and distribute a fluid force through the cells of the network.
[0048] The liner 10, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, can be considered to include several more or less continuous regions shaped and configured to protect the corresponding parts of a user's head, such as a crown, in front and rear opposition, and opposite regions of the left and the left. on the right which are positioned to protect, respectively, the parts of the user's head area covered by the lining. Of course, other modalities can take different forms, for example, those that include separate and / or discontinuous regions to protect the respective head parts, and / or may have a head covering greater or less than that shown with the lining 10. Optionally, some modalities may include more than one layer of fluid cells to protect certain regions.
[0049] The liner 10 can be configured to preferentially direct fluid displaced from one region to another that responds to a force, such as an impact force, distributed to some of the network cells 30. Such preferential fluid transfer can result in faster or more direct fluid transfer from certain projected network cells to other certain projected network cells, and / or from network cells in one region of the lining to those in another specific region, such as from the front region to the rear region. The faster or more direct fluid transfer, in turn, can ensure that, even in sudden impacts, the network fluid cells prevent or restrict the head of the impact return from the point of impact are quickly inflated, cushioning the impact return effect. In addition, in circumstances where the head support with which the liner is used is subject to a succession of impact forces, the preferred fluid transfer can facilitate the rapid dissipation of each of these impact forces, even if distributed over time. different parts of the head support.
[0050] Preferred fluid transfer can be accomplished in a variety of ways. As mentioned above, the network fluid cells 30 of the illustrative liner 10 are all interconnected, either directly, via an intermediate fluid pathway or indirectly via multiple intermediate pathways and / or other network cells, in other words, illustrative liner 10 includes a group of network cells. Other arrangements may include several network groups that are separate from each other, such as a first group of network cells specifically configured to transfer fluid between the front and rear regions of the liner and a second separate group configured specifically to transfer fluid between the regions. left and right regions and so on. Such separate network groups can be formed into a liner consisting of two overlapping sheets of materials that form a single layer of fluid cells and fluid pathways, a liner formed from three or more sheets to create one or more overlapping layers. of fluid cells and fluid pathways and so on.
[0051] Another way (additional or alternative) in which the preferred fluid transfer can be achieved is through the configuration and / or physical arrangement of the various fluid pathways that interconnect the cells of the network. For a simple example, when all other variables are kept constant, one network cell connected to a second via a fluid path and a third via two fluid pathways, the entire cross-sectional area equal, will transfer fluid to the second cell at a faster rate than to the third. Likewise, and again, when all other variables are kept constant, a network cell connected to a second via a fluid path that has a larger cross section than a fluid path connecting it to a third will transfer fluid to the second at a faster rate than to the third. Still other configurations and arrangements of fluid pathways that interconnect the network fluid cells will result in different relative fluid transfer rates, which allows preferred fluid transfer between certain network cells even between those in the same group.
[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates the concept of a partial view of a liner 10 having an exemplary configuration of fluid cells 20 and pathways 22. In FIG. 6, the configuration of the liner fluid cell is similar to those shown in FIGS. 1-5, in that it includes a series of network fluid cells 30 interconnected by fluid pathways 22, and a series of discrete fluid cells 32 interspersed between network fluid cells. However, in FIG. 6, some of the fluid pathways indicated in 222, are shown to have a larger cross section, compared to others, as indicated in 224. As mentioned above, with all other variables kept constant, the fluid will flow through pathways 222 to a higher rate than via pathways 224. Naturally, some fluid will flow through pathways of the smaller cross-section 222, but at a comparatively slower rate. As such, this configuration provides a fluid transfer path generally defined by the larger fluid pathways 222 and the network fluid cells that they connect and is indicated in FIG. 6 with 60. The fluid transfer path 60 indicates the preferred fluid flow direction through the mesh cells in the represented part of the liner 10.
[0053] Thus, in a lining that includes several regions, such as a crown, in opposite regions of the front and back, and opposite of the left and right, formed respectively to protect the parts of the crown, from the front, from the back, left and right of a user’s head, network fluid cells can be adapted to preferentially direct fluid from one or more of the front, back, left and right regions to the opposite region in response to a force distributed thereto, in order to achieve a faster fluid transfer, in order to cushion or even avoid the impact return effect resulting from a sudden impact to a particular part of the head support. Of course, preferred fluid transfer media can be used to direct fluid transferred from certain network cells to others in the same group in liners that may not include defined regions.
[0054] Preferred fluid transfer can, on the other hand, be considered to be accomplished by selectively restricting some fluid transfer, such as by configuring some of the fluid pathways to restrict the rate at which the fluid is transferred. With all other variables kept constant, the fluid will flow along the path of least resistance: thus, between a fluid path that incorporates some fluid restriction means and one that does not, the preferred fluid transfer is accomplished through of the latter.
[0055] Fluid restriction means can optionally be used in another way to achieve preferred fluid transfer, however. For example, the energy-absorbing capacity of a grid cell can be facilitated by limiting or otherwise restricting the rate at which the fluid can be displaced therefrom. By reducing the transfer of fluid from a grid cell, the energy absorbed by the cell can be increased due to more compression energy and / or the time required to move the fluid through the fluid restriction means.
[0056] A variety of fluid restraint means with different levels of capacity restriction can be incorporated into the fluid pathways 22 of the liner 10, such as deflectors, narrow fluid pathways or parts thereof, obstructors, increased friction parts , valves, such as one-way valves, tortuous tracks, and so on. FIG. 7 illustrates this concept of a partial view of a liner 10 having another example of configuration of fluid cells 20 and pathways 22. In FIG. 7, the configuration of the liner fluid cell is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1-6, in that it includes a series of network fluid cells 30 interconnected by fluid pathways 22, and a series of discrete fluid cells 32 interspersed between network fluid cells. In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the grid cells 30 are ring-shaped, and each of the discrete cells 32 is, therefore, covered. However, some of the fluid pathways, in particular those connecting the network fluid cell indicated at 302 to its neighboring network fluid cells, are shown describing, each, an S-shaped, tortuous path between fluid cells 302 and its neighboring network cells; such pathways are indicated at 226. Other fluid pathways, as indicated at 228, describe direct, straight pathways between the fluid cells that they interconnect. In comparative terms, the S-shaped pathways 228 facilitate the energy absorption capacity 302 of fluid cells due to the greater amount of force required to move the fluid contained in the cell through pathways 228 to its neighboring network cells.
[0057] Depending on the configuration, the fluid restriction means incorporated in a liner can be adapted only to allow the transfer of fluids in response to a predetermined threshold pressure. An example of this is the use of a pressure-responsive valve member (such as a one-way valve) disposed in a fluid pathway that connects a first fluid cell to a second cell. Such a valve member can be configured to allow fluid to be transferred, for example, from the first cell to the second, only when the fluid pressure in the first cell reaches a predetermined threshold value.
[0058] The use of such a valve member or other such means is a way in which the fluid cells in a liner can be configured to release fluid in response to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure. In some situations, such as when an impact force to the head support is very sudden and of great magnitude, the fluid in some of the fluid cells that absorb the impact energy can reach a very high pressure if the fluid is unable to be quickly transferred to neighboring network cells. Rapid fluid transfer can be facilitated by a uniform initial fluid distribution, as mentioned above. However, some of the fluid cells in some liner modalities can be provided with means in which the fluid contained in them can be released in response to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure, in some cases, in addition to normal fluid transfer, such as from one network cell to others in a group. A simple method, of course, is through the use of a material designed to rupture in response to such fluid pressure, for example, to release the contained fluid into the atmosphere. The arrangement of the fluid cells being spaced apart from each other, as in the illustrative liner 10 shown and described in this document, allows a volume of empty space between a user's head and the inside of the helmet in which the fluid can be released in the event of material breakage. However, in embodiments where the liner is intended for repeated use, it may be preferable to employ means of relieving high fluid pressure, in order to prevent cell rupture, such as by incorporating the aforementioned valve members.
[0059] Optionally, although not shown in the drawings, a liner can include one or more reserve fluid cells adapted to accept the fluid released from a fluid cell that responds to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure (for example , through a single-way valve). Such reserve fluid cells may initially be empty of fluid, or contain less fluid (or a fluid at a comparatively lower pressure) than compared to the fluid cells in communication with them, such as being able to accept fluid faster than if it contains more fluid initially (or fluid at a comparatively higher pressure). Some liner modalities may include a number of different pressure relief means (in addition to the transfer of normal fluid, as among other network cells in a group), such as some cells that are adapted to rupture in response to a pressure of predetermined threshold fluid, some that are adapted to release fluid to one or more reserve cells, and so on.
[0060] As an optional additional configuration, the ceiling can include a mixture of cells configured to restrict fluid to different degrees and, therefore, absorb energy from different magnitudes of impacts. For example, the liner may include a first set of cells, a second set of cells, and a third set of cells, where the first set restricts the flow of fluid to a connected cell to a lesser extent than the second set restricts the flow of fluid and the third set restricts the flow of fluid to a greater degree than the first or second set. In this example, the first set can easily transfer fluid and absorb energy from relatively minor impacts while the second set may require a greater amount of impact compression energy before it transfers the fluid. Likewise, the third set may require an even greater amount of impact energy before it transfers fluids between cells. Any combination of the fluid restriction means discussed above can be used to restrict fluid to different degrees in each set of cells.
[0061] Continuing with the previous example, the first, the second, and the third set of cells can be differentiated by height or they can be mounted on different layers of the lining. For example, the first set of cells can have a first height, the second set of cells can have a second height less than the height of the first, and the third set of cells can have a third height less than the height of the second. In this configuration, the first set of cells will be closest to the user's head and will be the first to compress in an impact. If the impact is sufficient to compress the first set of cells to a height less than or equal to the height of the second, then the second set of cells will begin to compress and absorb energy by fluid transfer. Finally, if the impact is sufficient to compress the first and second sets of cells to a height less than or equal to the height of the third, then the third set of cells begins to compress and absorb energy by fluid transfer, too. In this way, the lining absorbs energy in successive levels.
[0062] In addition or alternatively, the first set of cells, the second set of cells and the third set of cells can be arranged in different layers. In one example, the first set of cells is arranged in an upper layer closer to the user's head, the second set of cells is arranged in a middle layer, and the third set of cells is arranged in a lower layer of the helmet. When the helmet impacts an object, the first set of cells in the top layer is the first to compress and transfer fluids. When the first set of cells transfers a selected amount of fluid and / or a threshold impact energy is reached, the second set of cells in the second layer begins to transfer fluid and absorb energy. Likewise, when the first and the second set of cells transfer a selected amount of fluid and / or a threshold impact energy is reached, the third set of cells in the inner layer begins to transfer fluid and absorb energy.
[0063] Some liner modalities may optionally include pressurizing means arranged on the liner to selectively move fluid into and out of fluid cells, such as by means of a valve member (such as the valve member). valve 34, as shown in Figure 1). FIG. 8 shows an illustrative exemplary liner 10 that includes pressurizing means generally indicated at 70, and shown in the form of a pump mechanism 72 that communicates with a network fluid cell 30 via a pump channel 74, when driven by through an actuator 76 (shown as a button). The pressurizing means are shown to be positioned on the right side of the user's lining to generally descend towards the user's ear, but these means can be arranged at any appropriate location (or locations) on the lining.
[0064] Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the fluid may be air that is moved from the ambient atmosphere into the cells of the liner 10, but, as mentioned above, the fluid in other embodiments may be a different gas or a mixture of gas, or a liquid or liquid mixture. In such embodiments, the pressurizing means can also communicate with a fluid reserve volume, such as a reservoir, or pressurized tank. Optionally, the pressurizing means can be adapted to selectively pressurize the liner with a variety of different fluids, such as by selectively connecting the pressurizing means to a fluid reservoir or allowing the pressurizing means to draw in ambient air. like the fluid.
[0065] In modalities in which the pressurization means incorporate a pump mechanism, the pump can be integrated in the liner or, otherwise, fixed in it or selectively fixed to it, such as by coupling in a removable way with a integrated valve member embedded in the liner.
[0066] The pressurizing means may allow a user to adjust the lining's adjustment, comfort, and / or protection capabilities, such as by pumping different amounts of fluid into one or more fluid cells or groups of cells network. For example, the more fluid that is pumped into a fluid cell or a group of network fluid cells, the more of these cells expand. As mentioned above, in the illustrated modalities, discrete fluid cells generally protrude into the hollow formed by the lining further away than network cells, such that discrete fluid cells are usually fluid cells in contact with the user’s head. In valve configurations where some of the discrete fluid cells are provided with a valve, a user can tighten or loosen the adjustment of the head support used with the liner by adjusting the pressure or fluid level of such discrete fluid cells.
[0067] In valve configurations in which one or more of the groups of network fluid cells are provided with a valve, the cells can be expanded to the point where they come into contact with the user's head, so that a further adjustment tight can be hit. As mentioned above, however, when the fluid pressure across a group of network fluid cells is higher, each individual network cell in the group may experience a decrease in the energy absorption capacity by receiving fluid transferred from others. Thus, depending on the configuration of the fluid cells in a liner, a user can set the fluid pressure (s) to a desired value (or values) to optimize comfort and protection. In addition, a user may choose to add or remove fluid during the course of an activity, for example, if the user's head expands or contracts due to the change in blood flow and heat, such as from different levels of physical exertion. Industrial Applicability
[0068] The inventions described in this application can be made by a variety of industrial processes, including by various industrial molding methods, and can be used in a wide variety of industries using protective head supports, such as helmets, including industries processing, construction, engineering, recreation and sports.
[0069] The inventions described above can alternatively be described according to the following non-limiting modalities:
[0070] In a form of a liner for support of a protective head adapted to be interposed between the inner surface of the same and the head of a user received in it, the liner can include, but without limitation, a plurality of fluid cells . Fluid cells can be formed from a flexible, fluid-impermeable material. Each fluid cell can be adapted to receive and store fluid therein. The plurality of fluid cells may additionally include a group of network fluid cells that each communicate with at least one other via a fluid pathway extending between them. The plurality of fluid cells can include a group of discrete, non-meshed fluid cells interspersed between the mesh fluid cells.
[0071] In some instances, when the fluid pressure in the fluid cells is at least a predetermined minimum value, at least some of the discrete fluid cells are configured to position the head support on a user's head and to maintain a relationship initial spacing between the user's head and the inner surface of the head support. In some additional examples, the fluid pathways are configured to equalize the fluid pressure through the network fluid cells of the group responding to a force distributed therein.
[0072] Fluid cells can be arranged in a single layer. In some examples where the fluid cells are arranged in a single layer, the material is formed in such a way that the layer in which the fluid cells are arranged has an outer side that faces the inner surface of the head support, and an inner side forming a hollow adapted to receive a user's head, where the inner side defines a surface from which the fluid cells protrude and where, when the pressure of the fluid in the fluid cells is at least a predetermined minimum value, discrete fluid cells project into the concavity from the surface to a greater extent than network fluid cells.
[0073] In some examples, each of the discrete fluid cell groups is encompassed laterally or by at least one network cell or a combination of at least two network cells and a fluid path extending between them.
[0074] In some embodiments, at least some of the fluid cells can be configured to release fluid in response to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure. Fluid cells can be configured to burst in response to predetermined threshold fluid pressure. The liner may further include at least one reserve fluid cell that communicates with at least one fluid cell, the reserve fluid cell configured to receive fluid released from the fluid cell in response to the predetermined threshold fluid pressure.
[0075] The fluid impervious material can be formed in such a way that the lining includes crown regions, opposite front and back and opposite left and right regions formed to protect the respective crown parts, front, back, left and right of the user's head, in which the plurality of fluid cells includes at least one group of network cells adapted to cushion the tendency of the user's head to return the impact from a location on the ceiling, in response to a force distributed thereto by distributing fluid from one or more of the front, rear, left and right regions facing one or more respective opposing regions.
[0076] In some examples, the fluid pressure in the plurality of fluid cells is at least the minimum predetermined value. In such examples, the fluid in at least some of the fluid cells can be air.
[0077] At least some of the fluid pathways may include fluid restriction means configured to limit the rate at which fluid is transferred through them. In some examples, the adjacent surfaces of two overlapping sheets of said material are closed in regions internally to their peripheries in order to form a plurality of fluid cells and fluid pathways.
[0078] In some examples, the liner may include pressurizing means arranged on said liner to selectively move fluid in and out of the plurality of fluid cells. The pressurizing means can include an integrated pump or a valve member configured to be connected to a pump.
[0079] In another modality of a lining for protective head supports adapted to be interposed between the interior surface of the same and the head of a user received in it, the lining may include, but without limitation, two overlapping sheets of a material impermeable to fluids, flexible, the adjacent surfaces of the same being closed in regions internally of its peripheries to form a single layer of fluid cells at least partially filled with fluid, and interconnects the fluid pathways of at least some of the fluid cells. At least some of the interconnected fluid cells can be adapted to cushion the tendency of the User's head to return from impact from an impact location on the head support in response to a force distributed thereon by laterally distributing fluid from interconnected fluid cells corresponding to the impact site towards other interconnected fluid cells arranged in one or more locations generally opposite the impact site. At least some of the fluid cells that are not interconnected can be adapted to keep the liner in a predetermined orientation over the user's head. At least some of the fluid cells that are not interconnected can be interleaved between the interconnected fluid cells. In some instances, the fluid is air.
[0080] In the form of a protective head support article, the protective head support article may include, but is not limited to, a helmet that has an impact resistant outer surface and an inner surface that defines a concavity adapted for receiving a user's head thereon and a liner attached to the interior surface and adapted to be arranged between the interior surface and a user's head, the liner including a plurality of fluid cells arranged in a single layer, and a plurality of pathways fluid cells that interconnect to at least some of the fluid cells, the fluid cells arranged in the liner in such a way that fluid cells that are not interconnected are interspersed between the fluid cells that are interconnected. The interconnected fluid cells can be adapted to laterally distribute and dissipate an impact force to the outer surface of the helmet among other fluid cells interconnected through the fluid pathways. At least some of the fluid cells that are not interconnected can be adapted to keep the helmet in a predetermined orientation over the wearer's head.
[0081] In some examples, the lining is removably positioned inside the helmet through a plurality of fasteners. The configuration of the fasteners can define a predetermined orientation for the positioning of the lining in relation to the inner surface of the helmet.
[0082] Although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to the operating principles and illustrated examples and modalities set out above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in shape and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is intended to encompass all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended Claims.

权利要求:
Claims (16)
[0001]
1. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, adapted to be interposed between the interior surface (42) of the same and the user's head (50) received in the same, being the lining (10) characterized by comprising : a plurality of fluid cells (20) formed from a flexible material, impermeable to fluids, each fluid cell adapted to receive and store fluid within it, also including the plurality of fluid cells (20): a group of cells of the networked liquid that extends in a hub-and-spoke arrangement through the liner (10), where: the networked fluid cells (30) define the cubes in the hub arrangement and the rays, the network fluid cells (30) being spaced from one another; elongated fluid passages define the spokes in the hub-and-spoke arrangement, connecting the elongated fluid passages between two networked fluid cells (30); and the networked liquid cells and elongated fluid passages operate together to equalize the fluid pressure through the networked fluid cells (30) that respond to a force given to a network fluid cell (30), communicating the fluid through the elongated fluid passages between the group of networked fluid cells (30); and a group of discrete liquid cells, outside the network, interspersed between the cells of the networked liquid; in which at least some of the discrete fluid cells (32) position the helmet (40) on the user's head (50) and maintain an initial spacing relationship between the user's head (50) and the inner surface (42) of the helmet (40), when the fluid pressure in the networked fluid cells (30) is at least a predetermined minimum value.
[0002]
2. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fluid cells (20) are arranged in a single layer.
[0003]
3. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 2, characterized in that each group of discrete fluid cells (32) is enclosed laterally, either by at least one mesh cell (30) , or by a combination of at least two network cells and a fluid path (22) that extends between them.
[0004]
4. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 2, characterized in that the material is formed in such a way that the layer in which the fluid cells (20) are arranged has an outer side which faces the inner surface (42) of the head support and an inner side that forms a hollow adapted to receive the user's head (50); where the inner side defines a surface from which the fluid cells (20) protrude: and where, when the fluid pressure in the fluid cells (20) is at least a predetermined minimum value, the fluid cells discrete (32) protrude into the concavity from the surface to a greater extent than networked fluid cells (30).
[0005]
5. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the fluid cells (20) are configured to release fluid in response to a predetermined threshold fluid pressure .
[0006]
6. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fluid cells (20) are configured to rupture in response to the predetermined threshold fluid pressure.
[0007]
7. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 5, characterized in that it further includes at least one reserve fluid cell that communicates with at least one such fluid cell, the reserve fluid configured to receive fluid released from the fluid cell in response to the predetermined threshold fluid pressure.
[0008]
8. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the material is formed in such a way that the lining (10) includes opposite front and rear crown regions, and opposite left and right formed to protect the respective crown parts, front, rear, left, and right of the user's head (50); and wherein the plurality of fluid cells (20) includes at least one group of mesh cells (30) adapted to cushion the tendency of the user's head (50) to return from impact from a location on the liner (10 ) in response to a force distributed thereto by distributing fluid from one or more of the front, rear, left and right regions towards one or more respective opposing regions.
[0009]
9. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fluid pressure in the plurality of fluid cells (20) is at least the predetermined minimum value.
[0010]
10. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 9, characterized in that the fluid in at least some of the fluid cells (20) is air.
[0011]
11. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the fluid passages include fluid restriction means configured to limit the rate at which the fluid is transferred through of the same;
[0012]
12. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that it also includes pressurization means arranged on said liner (10) to selectively move the fluid in and out the plurality of fluid cells (20).
[0013]
13. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the adjacent surfaces of two overlapping sheets of said material are closed in regions internally to their peripheries to form a plurality of cells of fluid (20) and fluid passages.
[0014]
14. Liner, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that: a first set of fluid passages includes a fluid restriction means configured to limit the rate at which the fluid is transferred through the first set of fluid passages; and a second set of fluid passages no longer includes liquid restriction means to preferentially transfer fluid through the second set of fluid passages.
[0015]
15. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fluid passages: describe straight paths that extend between spaced networked fluid cells (30); and define a selected cross-section size to restrict fluid flow between networked fluid cells (30).
[0016]
16. Lining, (10), for Head Protection Support, according to Claim 1, characterized in that: each cell in the networked fluid cell group (30) defines a first height; and each cell in the group of discrete cells (32), not connected to the network, defines a second height that differs from the first height to define a constant vertical spacing between the networked cells and the user's head (50).

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

MX2012012039A|2013-02-21|

BR112012026203A2|2017-07-25|

WO2011133589A2|2011-10-27|

AU2011242822B2|2015-02-12|

US20110252544A1|2011-10-20|

JP2013525620A|2013-06-20|

CA2795685C|2017-09-26|

CN102892320A|2013-01-23|

EP2560515A4|2014-08-27|

JP5855088B2|2016-02-09|

AU2011242822A1|2012-10-25|

WO2011133589A3|2012-02-23|

EP2560515A2|2013-02-27|

CN102892320B|2015-07-22|

CA2795685A1|2011-10-27|

EP2560515B1|2015-06-10|

US8739317B2|2014-06-03|

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法律状态:
2017-08-01| B15I| Others concerning applications: loss of priority|

2017-10-03| B12F| Other appeals [chapter 12.6 patent gazette]|

2019-12-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2020-08-18| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

2020-12-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2021-02-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 19/04/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US32570710P| true| 2010-04-19|2010-04-19|

US61/325,707|2010-04-19|

US13/023,440|2011-02-08|

US13/023,440|US8739317B2|2010-04-19|2011-02-08|Rebound-dampening headgear liners with positioning feature|

PCT/US2011/033107|WO2011133589A2|2010-04-19|2011-04-19|Rebound-dampening and energy absorbing headgear liners with positioning feature|

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