• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SEALED PIPE JOINT In a pipe joint where two pipe sections (14,16) have threadedly engaged end portions (17,18), joint ends (32,34) are substantially sealed to each other by a surface seal (40,50) on one section of pipe which substantially supports a sealing surface (42,52) on the other section of pipe. In a joint, a ring-shaped cutout (121, Figure 7) is formed in a first pipe section and a ring-shaped spacer (120) is located in the cutout. The spacer is chosen from several that are of slightly different lengths so that the spacer ends contact the corresponding sealing surface (130). In a pipe sequence used to transport corrosive fluid, the interior surface (44) of adjacent pipe sections is covered with a corrosion resistant coating (70,72). Whenever the sealing surface is connected to a rounded corner (82,84), the cover extends to and along the sealing surfaces (40,42).
    公开号:BR112012024135B1
    申请号:R112012024135-4
    申请日:2011-02-02
    公开日:2022-02-01
    发明作者:Jack Pollack；David C. Riggs
    申请人:Single Buoy Moorings Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [001] Pipe strings consisting of many pipe sections connected in parallel are widely used at sea to transfer crude oil and other hydrocarbons between the seabed and a floating body, or between floating bodies. A common type of pipe string includes many sections of steel pipe, each of a length such as 30 meters, which are connected together by threaded end portions lying on opposite ends of each pipe. Applicant notes that one type of thread is a helical thread, and another type includes axially spaced circular threads. Each end of a pair of adjacent pipe sections is preferably sealed to the other pipe section by a sealing surface at the end of one pipe section pressing against a sealing surface at the end of the other pipe section as the pipe sections do. tube are screwed together. Previously, opposite ends of pipe sections could not be so tightly sealed unless very high precision is used in fabrication which results in prohibitive costs.
    [002] Many fluids to be transported by the pipe sequence are highly corrosive. A protective coating or coating may be applied to the interior surface of pipe sections, and to adjacent pipe surfaces. The cost of applying such a coating can be minimized by minimizing the area to be coated, especially areas that include sharp angles.
    [003] A pipe joint that includes a pipe with threaded portions and with sealing surfaces at the ends, often includes groove and tongue joints that meet alongside sealing surfaces. There is occasional fracture of the steel tube end on one side of the groove. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [004] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a corrosion resistant pipe string is provided with threaded pipe joints that are constructed to substantially seal one another. To ensure that sealing surfaces at opposite ends of a pipe section support corresponding sealing surfaces, Applicant shortens one of the pillars to create an undercut. Applicant also provides a ring-shaped spacer that sits in the cutout. Various spacers are available in very slightly different lengths, and during pipe string assembly a spacer is chosen that only fills the cutout.
    [005] To protect the pipe sections against corrosion by corrosive fluid, the inside of each pipe section is coated, such as by a coating of corrosion resistant material. When there is a rounded corner between the inside of the pipe and a sealing surface, the cover is extended around the corner and along the sealing surfaces, but no further. To avoid extending the cover around a rounded corner, the sealing surfaces can each be provided with a sharp corner (small radius of curvature) so that the two corners support each other.
    [006] Pipe ends include groove and tongue connections. To prevent one of the tubes from fracturing on the outside of the groove, the groove bottom is provided with a small bending radius. This allows the outer side of the groove to be provided with a large radius of curvature so that the stresses have better strength.
    [007] To prevent the threaded end portions of the pipe sections from rotating to loosen the threaded connection, at least one pipe thread is serrated to generate small grooves that resist loosening.
    [008] The innovative features of the invention are particularly presented in the appended claims. The invention will be better understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [009] Figure 1 is a sectional view of a joint section of a string of pipes, showing the threadedly connected adjacent ends of two sections of pipe and showing the sealing surfaces at opposite ends.
    [0010] of the threads. Figure 2 is a sectional view of area 2-2 of Figure
    [0011] 1. Figure 3 is a sectional view of area 3-3 of Figure
    [0012] 1. Figure 4 is a sectional view similar to Figure 3, but with a corrosion resistant coating over the entire straight inner portion of the tubes.
    [0013] Figure 5 is a sectional view similar to Figure 4, but with a corrosion resistant coating on only an interior portion that is adjacent to the sealing surfaces.
    [0014] Figure 6 is a one-sided sectional view of the pipe joint of a sequence of pipes similar to Figure 1, but with a spacer located in a cutout.
    [0015] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the spacer region and cutout of the joint portion of Figure 6.
    [0016] Figure 8 is a sectional view similar to Figure 2, but with a tongue and groove connection constructed with a gradual curvature on one side of the groove.
    [0017] Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing the gradual curvature of one side of the groove.
    [0018] Figure 10 is a sectional view of a pair of thread lengths of the threaded end portions of the pipe sections of Figure 1, showing serrations.
    [0019] Figure 11 is an isometric view of a portion of one of the thread lengths of Figure 10. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES
    [0020] Figure 1 shows a pipeline, or pipe sequence 10 that includes many sections of steel pipes, each with a length of such as 30 meters, which are connected by threading in parallel. Applicant notes that one type of threaded joint includes a helical thread, and another type includes axially spaced (with respect to the pipeline axis) circular threads that meet in an imaginary cone. Figure 1 shows a pipe joint 12 where adjacent end portions 17, 18 of two pipe sections 14, 16 are connected. The joint will include threads 20 22 on the two sections of pipe which form a threaded connection 24. The threads are tightened to press the two pipe ends together at sealing surfaces 40, 42, 50, 52 that meet at axially opposed joint ends ( A) 33, 34. To minimize joint friction during a threaded connection, applicant forms a port 51 at the outer tube end radially (with respect to axis 36) 18. The joint may be pressurized by a fluid (liquid or gas) , directed through port 51, which compresses radially inner tube end 17 and expands radially outer tube end 18, thus facilitating threads 20, 22 over one another.
    [0021] Joint end 32 has upper and lower pillars, or sealing surfaces 40, 42 which both meet inside I of the pipeline. Gasket end 34, which is shown located at the upper end of gasket 12, has radially (with respect to axis 36) outer sealing surfaces.
    [0022] Of the two joint ends 32, 34, normally only one, which is the upper and outer pillar location 34, has its pillar face 50, 52 forcibly supporting each other when the threads are fully tightened. Extremely close dimensional tolerances (e.g., less than about 0.02 millimeters, or 0.001 inches) would be required to ensure strong columning of column surfaces at both joint ends 32, 34. Fabricate pipe section ends to these tolerances would be difficult and expensive.
    [0023] Applicant makes the inner sealing surfaces 40, 42 and the outer sealing surfaces 50, 52 forcibly support each other and form a fluid seal therein that prevents fluid ingress and egress. This also preloads the connector threads, to thereby reduce fatigue stresses and stabilize metal-to-metal seal movement at the pipe joint ends 32, 34 shown in Figure 7.
    [0024] The interior I (Figure 1) of the pipe joint is exposed to fluids 80 situated in the pipe, which can include corrosive chemicals when the pipeline is used to transport a mixture of hydrocarbons and corrosive components, such as is often found in crude oil. . The exterior of the pipe joint is exposed to seawater or atmospheric conditions.
    [0025] In recent years, oil production in ivory has been carried out in deeper waters, with the maximum depth being present at around 7000 to 10000 feet. At such depths, steel pipelines connected to floating production units are generally employed to transport fluids well from the seafloor to the sea surface. High seawater pressure at great depths requires great tube wall thickness to resist collapse, although the inner tube diameter must be large enough for economical hydrocarbon production rates. This leads to relatively rigid pipes and high bending stresses, especially where a pipeline overhanging a catenary makes contact with the sea floor. This bending is repetitive as it is a result of the surface ship's heave, which is constantly being excited by surface waves. This repetitive bending leads to tube fatigue. This fatigue can be accelerated by the presence of H2S, CO2 or other chemicals in the well fluids flowing through these tubes, which can lead to a very limited tube fatigue life. To minimize this chemical effect, Applicant prefers to apply a coating (a type of covering) of CRA (Corrosion Resistant Connects), shown in dashed lines, 70, 72 in Figure 3, on the interior surface 44 of the pipeline, with portions 74, 76 of the cladding located over the inner sealing surfaces 40, 42. Since the inner joint edge 32 is closed during use, the cladding portions 74, 76 on the pillar surfaces need not be thicker than the rest of the interior. of the tube. The corners 82, 84 between the radially inner surfaces 44 and the sealing surfaces 40, 42 have a large radius of curvature of at least 0.05 inches so that the coating extends along them.
    [0026] Figure 4 shows an alternative construction of a joint end 32B, where portions of CRA coating 7GB, 72B have been applied to the interior surface of the pipeline, but not to the sealing surfaces 40b, 42b. The corners 86 have a small radius of curvature of less than 0.05 inches so that the skin portions face adjacent to each other and do not extend around the corners. Figure 5 shows another alternative, where the casing extends only a limited distance M, N on either side of the interior 80 of the column, where M and N are no more than half of each pipe section length.
    [0027] Figure 6 shows another pipe joint 100 along a pipeline 102 in which adjacent ends 104, 106 of two pipe sections 110, 112 are threaded together, which provides sealing at interior locations and axially spaced outer edges, or joint ends 14, 116 at the bottom and top of the pipe joint. The sealing is done by parts that are precisely spaced along the pipeline axis, but that can be made with high precision at a moderate cost. At the outer and upper seal location 116, sealing surfaces 50, 52 of the two tube sections directly support each other in the same manner as in Figure 1. However, at the inner and lower seal location 114, Applicant provides a spacer 120 (Figure 7), which lies in a gap 121, which results in a short end (125). The spacer both bears a shoulder 122 on the upper tube section end and a shoulder 24 on the lower tube section end.
    [0028] The spacer 120, which is in the form of a ring, is preferably formed of metal in order to withstand the high compressive forces applied when the two tube sections are rigidly screwed together. Applicant may manufacture multiple spacers of slightly different heights, or axial thicknesses T. A storage container containing many spacers of slightly different thicknesses H is provided near the location where the tubes are being joined. In one example, for 12 inch diameter steel pipe (inside), multiple spacers are provided that vary in thickness in 0.02 millimeter (0.001 inch) increments. Pipe section end lengths are preferably accurately constructed, with an accumulated tolerance and therefore variation in height difference H, such as 0.2 millimeters (0.1 inches). Recent studies show that many spacers may not have to be fielded, and therefore the spacer ring may be pressed into place before the equipment is brought into the field.
    [0029] Prior to the assembly of pipe sections, applicant calculates and or measures the size of the gap H to be filled by the spacer, for two pipe ends being joined. This can be done with a laser rangefinder or a more conventional caliper. Applicant measures the distance D (Figure 8) between the two sealing surfaces of each pipe joint end. Spacer height H is chosen to equal the difference. A spacer of the proper thickness is selected to fill the gap when these two pipe section ends are being joined. The tube and spacer sections are preferably numbered and held together so that the particular spacer can be used when the two tube section ends are threaded together. It would be possible to join two sections of pipe and measure the distance before disassembly to insert the spacer. However, such a process is time consuming and costly and idles workers and equipment that would be more efficiently used to join pipe sections.
    [0030] Spacer 120 (Figure 7) is shown as having a rectangular cross-section with slightly rounded corners 126 and with a chamfered corner 128 meeting an interior corner of one end of the pipe section. The seal, or column faces 130, 132 of the spacer are shown as flat. However, it is possible to form a sealing face with one or more grooves, as shown at 134, to allow for greater axial compression of the spacer at a given compressive force. It is also possible to use a material other than steel, such as one that is more easily compressed, if a suitable material is found.
    [0031] Applicant prefers to position the spacer 120 inside the pipeline, where the spacer cannot be dislodged if the pipeline is hit. It would also be possible to move the spacer 120 to the surface of outer column 34 in which case the inner column could be machined to be without a ring spacer 120. It would also be possible to simplify and also rectify the machining of the connector in such a way that one uses spacers 120 at both joint ends 32 and 34.
    [0032] The pipeline shown in the figures has a diameter (outside) of 20 inches and a wall thickness of one inch (along most of its length). Spacer 120 has a radial width of 0.33 inches and an axial height of 0.75 inches. The tubes and spacers are each made of steel.
    [0033] In the tongue and groove joint portion of Figure 7, a pipe end portion 104 forms a tongue 140 which is received in an interference fit in a groove 142 of the other pipe end portion 112. In Figure 7 the groove end 144 has approximately the same radius of curvature as the tongue end, and the radius R is half the distance 2R across the groove. The Applicant has found that the walls of the groove 142 would sometimes crack on the outer curved portion of the groove due to repetitive bending stress. Applicant has found that by forming the exterior 154 (Figure 8) of the groove at 142A which is adjacent to the sealing surface 124A with a moderate radius of curvature S rather than a straight side, Applicant has avoided such cracks. Groove side 154 has a radius of curvature S at least 50% greater than distance R which is half the groove width but less than 10R. In Figure 8 the radius of curvature is centered at 160 and is four times the distance R. The bottom 158 of the groove has a small radius of curvature that is less than half the width 2R, but is away from the tongue. By making the wide outer bend in the groove 142 (Figure 7), the groove becomes asymmetrical and ends with a bend inside the connector, as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The upper groove 182 shown in Figure 9 is similarly curved. .
    [0034] Figure 1 shows that adjacent pipe end portions 17, 18 are connected by concentric parallel threads. Measures must be taken to make sure that after the threads 20, 22 are threaded together, they do not slip by torque applied to one of the pipe end portions relative to the other. Applicant prefers to do this by knurling the threads. Figures 10 and 11 show knurling 180. In knurling, small grooves are formed by pressing a knurling tool against a location on the threads. The knurling pressure displaces the material forming the threads to form the depressions separated by light projections 182. The displaced material prevents the threads from rotating relative to each other unless a large torque is applied. Applicant provides serrations on one side of the threads in a thread groove wall 184 instead of cylindrical wall 186, of a height H of 0.004 inches and width of 0.030 inches. Applicant was able to resist relative rotation by rough surfaces that rotate in relation to each other and that are not part of the threads, such as by application of compressive stress (“shot peening”). However, threads are precisely cut surfaces, and the serration formed on them is more accurate than the roughness of smooth (unthreaded) surfaces.
    [0035] In the case of axially spaced concentric threads, there may be cases where the torsional strength of the knurled 180 may not be sufficient to prevent the connector from slipping. Applicant prefers to make the tongue 140 (Figure 7) and groove 142 surfaces of materials that allow sliding without causing damage to these surfaces. This can be aided by the use of anti-seize or lubricant coatings or by the use of materials other than these mating surfaces. In the event that these surfaces cannot be prevented from damage caused by skidding, applicant inserts a wrench into slots machined into the threads of connector halves to prevent skidding.
    [0036] Thus, the invention provides pipe joints to connect the threaded ends of a pair of pipe sections, which minimizes corrosion resulting from corrosive fluids, which allows a pillar at each end of the joint to support a surface. seal at a moderate cost, and which prevents a pipe from cracking in a groove. Corrosion is prevented by covering the inner end of each pipe section where it is adjacent to an inner end of the other pipe section. Where there is a large bend radius (greater than 0.05 inches) with adjacent corners of the two inner pipe ends, the corners and opposing surfaces are coated, preferably with a corrosion resistant coating. Where the inner ends of the two tubes support each other at sharp corners (bend radius less than 0.01 inch), no coating is applied beyond the corners to meet on opposing surfaces. Sealing surfaces at opposite ends of each pipe can be made to support each other by making one pipe end short and positioning a spacer at that end, with the spacer chosen to precisely fill the gap to the adjacent sealing face. Where a tongue and groove joint connects the pipe ends, cracking in a groove side wall is avoided by making a portion of the groove wall with a large radius of curvature.
    [0037] While particular embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated herein, it is recognized that modifications and variations can readily occur to those skilled in the art, and therefore, the claims are intended to be interpreted to cover such modifications and the like.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    1. Pipe string (102) including a pipe joint (100) connecting first and second threaded ends of a pair of pipe sections (110, 112), wherein said pipe joint has first and second joint ends ( 114, 116), said first joint end (34) having adjacent facing first sealing surfaces (50, 52), characterized in that: a second (114) of said joint ends has a ring-shaped cutout (121) ) situated adjacent a second sealing surface (130), such that said second joint end has a second short end (125) which is spaced from said second sealing surface (130), and including a spacer shaped of rigid ring (120) lying between and supporting said second short end (125) and said second sealing surface (130).
    [0002]
    2. Sequence of tubes, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of ring-shaped spacers (120) in which each one has a height (H) to bridge said cutout (121), said plurality of spacers differing in height (H) from each of a plurality of other spacers by a height difference on the order of magnitude of 0.001 inch.
    [0003]
    3. Pipe sequence, according to claim 1, characterized in that: said pipe joint has a radially inner side (I) and radially outer side (O); said cutout and said spacer both are on said inner side .
    [0004]
    4. Pipe sequence, according to claim 1, characterized in that: one of said sealing surface is conical in radial width to have a smaller width where it supports another of said sealing surfaces.
    [0005]
    5. Pipe sequence according to claim 1, characterized in that: said threaded ends of said pair of pipe sections have threads (20, 22) that are threaded together, with said threads (20, 22) meeting between said first joint end (34) forming said first sealing surfaces (50, 52) and said second joint end (32), whereby to initially hold said threads under tension.
    [0006]
    6. Tube sequence, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spacer is made of steel.
    [0007]
    7. Tube sequence, according to claim 1, characterized in that: said tube sections and said spacer are each formed of steel.
    [0008]
    8. Method for installing a string of pipes by threadedly connecting first and second threaded end portions of pairs of adjacent pipe sections to form a pipe joint (100) with opposite joint ends (114, 116) , with the threads tightened so that sealing surfaces (50, 52) of said first and second pipe section ends bear each other, the method being characterized in that it comprises: constructing said first joint end with a cutout (121) ) on a first end part, and installing a ring-shaped spacer (120) in said cutout wherein said spacer has a suitable axial length (T) to allow the sealing surface at both said gasket ends to support a to the other; said step of installing said spacer includes providing a plurality of spacers of different lengths, and selecting and installing a spacer of axial length to suitable for allowing the pair of sealing surfaces (50, 52) at each of said joint ends to support each other.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2011229939A1|2012-08-02|
    BR112012024135A2|2021-06-01|
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    AU2011229939B2|2015-04-09|
    MY166685A|2018-07-18|
    WO2011119256A1|2011-09-29|
    US20110227338A1|2011-09-22|
    CN102770699B|2016-02-10|
    CN102770699A|2012-11-07|
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    法律状态:
    2021-06-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-06| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-12-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2022-02-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 02/02/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. PATENTE CONCEDIDA CONFORME ADI 5.529/DF, QUE DETERMINA A ALTERACAO DO PRAZO DE CONCESSAO. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US31637110P| true| 2010-03-22|2010-03-22|
    US61/316,371|2010-03-22|
    US13/013,739|2011-01-25|
    US13/013,739|US20110227338A1|2010-03-22|2011-01-25|Sealed pipe joint|
    PCT/US2011/023501|WO2011119256A1|2010-03-22|2011-02-02|Sealed pipe joint|
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