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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:BR112012024029B1
    申请号:R112012024029-3
    申请日:2011-03-23
    公开日:2018-03-20
    发明作者:Christian Kupatt Charles
    申请人:Crop Microclimate Management Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    The present invention relates to the field of plant response to abiotic stress and provides methods and compositions for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in plants.
    Background of the Invention
    Abiotic stresses negatively impact plant growth and development and result in significant reductions in crop quality and production. Abiotic stresses include excessive or insufficient light intensity, cold temperature resulting in freezing or cooling, high or hot temperature, drought, ozone, salinity, toxic metals, poor nutrient soils, and so on. In addition, exposure to prolonged exposure to abiotic stresses results in greater susceptibility to biotic stresses, such as pathogens and pests. Mittler, R., Trends Plant Sci. 11: 15-19 (2006).
    Plants acclimate to specific stress conditions using responses that are specific to that stress. As an example, during drought conditions, a plant closes its stoma to reduce water loss. In any case, plants are often subjected to a combination of stresses. For example, drought conditions are often combined with conditions of excessive heat. In contrast to the response to drought, a plant's response to heat is to open the stoma so that the leaves are cooled by perspiration. This conflict in response reduces a plants' ability to naturally adjust to such stresses.
    A number of methods for relieving abiotic stress in plan2 / 40 tas have been developed and many are commercially available. In this way, for example, protection with mesh, mesh, or fabric can be used to relieve excessive heat and light. The use of reflective fabric, such as metallized surface plastics, white plastics, and sheet metal materials in the soil of an orchard or vineyard can result in an increase in fruit production and size with a concomitant reduction in fruit damage by sunburn resulting from exposure to abiotic stress. The surface temperature of the fruit can be reduced by applying low volumes of water, which cools the fruit through the evaporative cooling of the surrounding air. An additional method for the relief of heat stress includes the use of reflective particle film (PFT) technology, such as commercial products RAYNOX®, SUNSHIELD® and SURROUND®. Many of the available methods and products described above have serious deficiencies. As a consequence, additional products and methods are needed to relieve stress caused by abiotic factors.
    The present invention overcomes prior deficiencies in the art by providing methods and compositions that increase tolerance to abiotic stress in plants.
    Summary of the Invention
    The present invention provides a method for increasing the tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising: contacting a plant or plant part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby increasing tolerance to abiotic stress on the plant or part of it compared to a control.
    Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising: contacting a plant or part of the plant with a composition comprising an effective amount of the compound having the formula HOOC-R- COOH or its derivative, however, is a C5 to C14 alkylene.
    3/40
    In other embodiments, a method is provided to increase tolerance to abiotic stress on a plant or part thereof comprising: contacting a plant or part of the plant with a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of pyelic acid (heptanedioic acid), submeric acid (octanedioic acid), azelaic acid (non-anodioic acid), sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid (tridecanedioic acid), tapsic acid (hexadecanedioic acid), their salts, and their salts, and their combinations.
    A further aspect of the invention provides a method for reducing the consequences of abiotic stress on a plant or part thereof, comprising: contacting a plant or part of the plant with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. way, reducing the consequences of abiotic stress on the plant or part of it compared to a control.
    Thus, the present invention provides a method for reducing the consequences of abiotic stress on a plant or part thereof comprising: contacting a plant or part of the plant with a composition comprising an effective amount of the compound having the formula HOOC-R -COOH or its derivative, where R is a C5 to C14 alkylene.
    In other embodiments, a method is provided for reducing the consequences of abiotic stress on a plant or part of it comprising: contacting a plant or part of the plant with a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of in pyelic acid (heptanedioic acid), submeric acid (octanedioic acid), azelaic acid (non-anodioic acid), sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), dodecanedioic acid, brassylic acid (tridecanedioic acid), tapsic acid (hexadecanedioic acid), their salts, and their combinations.
    These and other aspects of the invention must be presented
    4/40 in more detail in the description of the invention that follows.
    Detailed Description of the Invention
    The present invention will now be described with reference to the representative embodiments of the invention. This invention can, however, be implemented in different ways and should not be interpreted as limited to the modalities presented here. Preferably, these modalities are provided in order that this description must be perfect and complete, and must fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
    Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used here have the same meaning as generally understood by someone of ordinary versatility in the technique to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in describing the invention here is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
    Definitions
    As an employee here, one, one or the can mean one or more than one (for example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen etc.). For example, a plant can mean a plurality of plants and a stress can refer to one or more stresses and their equivalents known to those of versatility in the technique.
    As used herein, and / or refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated items listed, as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted in the alternative (or).
    In addition, the term about, as used here when referring to a measurable value, such as an amount of a compound or agent, dose, time, temperature and so on, is meant to cover variations of ± 20% , ± 10%, ± 5%, ± 1%, ± 0.5%, or even ± 0.1% of the specific quantity.
    Alkylene as used here refers to a group of alkyl5 / 40
    Ia branched, or linear difunctional, which can be substituted or unsubstituted, and saturated or unsaturated, having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 carbon atoms. Exemplary alkylene groups include methylene (-CH 2 -); ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -); propylene (- (CH 2 ) 3 -); butylene (- (CH 2 ) 4 -); pentylene (- (CH 2 ) 5 -); hexylene (- (CH 2 ) 6 -) septylene (- (CH 2 ) 7 ~), octylene (- (CH 2 ) 8 ), noniiene (- (CH 2 ) 9 -), and decylene (- (CH 2 ) 10 -), and so on. Thus, an alkylene group can have from 1 carbon atom to 10 carbon atoms (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10), from 5 carbon atoms to 14 carbon atoms (for example, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14) and / or 6 carbon atoms to 20 (for example, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20) carbons, and so on. As discussed above, the alkylene group can be optionally substituted. As an example, the alkylene group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents on the alkyl group.
    Abiotic stress as used here refers to the external, lifeless factors that can cause harmful effects on plants. Thus, as used here, abiotic stress includes, but is not limited to, cold temperature that results in freezing, cooling, heat or high temperatures, drought, high light intensity, low light intensity, salinity, ozone, and / or their combinations. The parameters for abiotic stress factors are the specific species and even the specific variety and for this reason vary widely according to the species / variety exposed to abiotic stress. Thus, while one species can be seriously influenced by an elevated temperature of 23 ° C, other species cannot be influenced until at least 30 ° C, and so on. Temperatures above 30 ° C result in dramatic reductions in yields for most major crops. This is due to the reductions in photosynthesis that starts at approximately 2025 ° C, and the carbohydrate increased the demand for growing crops at higher temperatures. Critical temperatures are not absolute, but vary depending on such factors as the acclimatization of the crop to prevailing conditions of the environment. In addition, because most crops that are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses at once, the interaction between the stresses affects the plant's response. For example, damage from excess light occurs at lower light intensities when temperatures rise beyond the ideal photosynthetic. Water-stressed plants are less able to cool overheated tissues due to reduced sweating, moreover, exacerbating the impact of excess (high) heat and / or (high) excess light intensity. In this way, the specific parameters for high / low temperature, light intensity, drought and so on, whose impact on crop productivity should vary with species, variety, degree of acclimatization and exposure to a combination of environmental conditions.
    Reducing, reducing, reducing or 'reducing,' (and other grammatical variations of yours) as employed here means decreased, a decrease in, or a decrease in, for example, plant size, as a response to abiotic stress.
    Increase, increase, or increase (and other grammatical variations of yours) as employed here means an improvement or increase in, for example, the number of fruit produced by a plant, as a response to the abiotic stress relief to which the plant is exposed.
    The present invention provides a method for increasing the tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising: contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby increasing the tolerance to abiotic plant stress or part of it compared to a plant control or part of it exposed to the same abiotic stress, but not in contact with the compositions of the present invention comprising dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. In other embodiments of the present invention, a method is provided to reduce the consequence of abiotic stress on a plant or part of it comprising: contacting a plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of
    7/40 dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby reducing the effect of abiotic stress on a plant or part of it compared to a control.
    An increased tolerance to abiotic stress as used here refers to the ability of a plant or part of it to be exposed to abiotic stress and in contact with compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof to withstand a given abiotic stress better than a control plant or part of it (i.e., a plant or part of it that has been exposed to the same abiotic stress, but has not been in contact with the compositions of the present invention). Increased tolerance to abiotic stress can be assessed using a variety of parameters including, but not limited to, the size and number of plants or their parts, and so on (for example, number and size of fruits), level or quantity cell division, the amount of floral abortion, the amount of sunburn injury, crop production, and so on. Thus, in some embodiments of this invention, a plant or part of it has been in contact with a composition of the present invention comprising a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and having increased tolerance to abiotic stress, for example, should have reduced flower abortion when compared to a plant or part of it exposed to the same stress, but was not in contact with that composition.
    A consequence of abiotic stress as employed here refers to the effects, results or result of exposing a plant or part of it to one or more than one (for example, one, two, three, four, five etc.) abiotic stress . Thus, a consequence of abiotic stress includes, but is not limited to, sunburn injury, flower abortion, fruit drop, a reduction in the number of plants or parts thereof, a reduction in product quality (eg quality fruit) measured by color, finish, and / or shape (eg, reduced production quality due to appearance and texture), a reduction in the size of the plants or their parts, a reduction in cell division, and so on. However, the consequences of abiotic stress are typically those that negatively impact crop yield and quality.
    Reducing the consequence of abiotic stress as used here refers to the ability of a plant or part of it to be exposed to abiotic stress and in contact with compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid or derived from it to withstand a given abiotic stress better than a plant of abiotic stress. control or part of it (that is, a plant or part of it that was exposed to the same abiotic stress, but was not in contact with the compositions of the present invention), thereby decreasing or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress on the plant or part of the same. The consequence of abiotic stress can be assessed using a variety of parameters including, but not limited to, the size and number of plants or their parts, and so on (for example, number and size of fruits), level or quantity cell division, the amount of floral abortion, the amount of fruit drop, the amount of sunburn injury, and so on, and their combinations. In this way, reducing the consequence of abiotic stress as used here can also mean maintaining the size and number of plants or their parts, and so on (for example, number and size of fruits), the level or quantity of cell division , the amount of floral absorption, the amount of fruit fall and / or the amount of sunburn injury and / or other quality parameters (eg fruit color, finish and / or shape) as observed in a plant. control that was not exposed to abiotic stress.
    Thus, in some embodiments of this invention, a method is provided to reduce the amount of flower miscarriage or fruit drop on a plant or part of it exposed to abiotic stress comprising: contact of the plant or part of it with a dicarboxylic acid or derived from it, thereby reducing flower abortion or fruit drop compared to a plant control or part of it exposed to the same stress, but was not in contact with that composition.
    9/40
    In other modalities, the consequence of abiotic stress is injury from sunburn. Thus, in some specific embodiments, a method is provided to reduce sunburn injury to a plant or part thereof, comprising: contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby reducing the amount of sunburn injury compared to a plant control or part of it exposed to the same stress, but was not in contact with that composition. Thus, in some aspects of the invention, abiotic stress is high temperature and high light intensity, and the consequence of this combination of abiotic stresses is sunburn injury.
    In other modalities, the consequence of abiotic stress is the reduced fruit size. Thus, in some embodiments, a method is provided to reduce the reduction in the size of the fruit on a plant or part thereof, comprising: contacting a plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby reducing the reduction in the size of the fruit in comparison with a plant control or part of it exposed to the same stress, but was not in contact with that composition.
    In some embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid of the present invention is a compound having the formula HOOC-R-COOH, where R is C5 to C14 alkylene. Thus, in some embodiments, R is C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13, or C14 alkylene. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, R is C7 alkylene. In other embodiments, R is C8 alkylene. In still other embodiments, R is C9 alkylene. In the additional embodiments, R is C10 alkylene.
    Thus, in some embodiments of this invention, dicarboxylic acid can be pyelic acid (heptanedioic acid), submeric acid (octanedioic acid), azelaic acid (non-anodioic acid), sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), dodecanedioic acid, brassic acid (acid trideca10 / 40 nodioico), tapsic acid (hexadecanedioic acid), its derivatives, or combinations thereof. Therefore, in some embodiments, a method for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and / or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress on a plant or part of it is provided, the method comprising: contacting a plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid can be azelaic acid. In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid can be, for example, sebacic acid. In other embodiments, the dicarboxylic acid can be any combination of dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives.
    As discussed above, in some embodiments of the invention, a method of increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and / or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress on a plant or part of it is provided comprising contacting a plant or part of it with a composition comprising a effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid derivative. A dicarboxylic acid derivative includes any compound that is derived from a dicarboxylic acid of the invention. Thus, in some embodiments, a derivative is a salt or an ester of a dicarboxylic acid. Non-limiting examples of a dicarboxylic acid salt include monosodium dicarboxylate, disodium dicarboxylate, monopotassium dicarboxylate, dipotassium dicarboxylate, and so on. Examples of esters of dicarboxylic acids of the present invention include, but are not limited to, dimethyl-dicarboxylate, diethyl-dicarboxylate, dipropyl dicarboxylate, diexyl-dicarboxylate, di- (t-butyl) -dicarboxylate and so on. Thus, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, non-limiting examples of dicarboxylic acid derivatives include monosodium azelate, monopotassium azelate, monosodium pimelate, di-sodium sebacic acid, monopotassium brasilate or dipotassium sebacic acid, dimethylacid dodecanedioic, tapsic diethylacid, dipropylazelate, subterranean diexylacid, di- (t-butyl) pimelate, and so on.
    In some embodiments, compositions comprising a dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, may comprise one or more (e.g.
    11/40 example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen etc.) different dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives. Thus, in some embodiments, this invention also provides a method of increasing tolerance to, and / or reducing the consequences of, abiotic stress on a plant or part of it, comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more dicarboxylic acids and / or their derivatives. In some aspects of the invention, a plant or part of it may be in contact with one or more than one composition (for example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, etc.) comprising one or more than one (for example, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen etc.) dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivative. When the plant or part of it is in contact with more than one composition comprising dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, the compositions can be in contact with the plant or part of it simultaneously, consecutively and / or intermittently.
    An effective amount as used here is an amount of a compound or composition that is sufficient to achieve the desired effect, for example, to increase tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part of it and / or to reduce the consequence of abiotic stress plant or part of it. The effective amount should vary with the type of plant or crop, age, general condition of the plant or crop, the severity of the stress, the duration of the stress, the nature of any simultaneous applications, the agriculturally acceptable vehicle employed (eg the formulation being employed), and similar factors that are within the knowledge and expertise of those skilled in the art. As appropriate, an effective amount in any individual case can be determined by someone of ordinary versatility in the technique by reference to the relevant literature and texts and / or through the use of routine experimentation. As used herein, an effective amount may comprise one or more than one application or dose of the compositions comprising a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof in order to obtain the desired increase in tolerance to abiotic stress and / or the desired reduction as a result of abiotic stress.
    In some embodiments of the invention, a method of increasing tolerance to, and / or reducing the consequence of, abiotic stress on a plant or part of it is provided comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, in which an effective amount a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is from about 1 x 10 ' 2 M to about 1 χ 10' 9 M. Thus, in some embodiments, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is about 1 χ 10 2 M to about 1 χ 10 ~ 8 M, about 1 χ 10 ' 2 M to about 1 χ IO' 5 M, about 1 χ 10 ' 3 M to about 1 χ 1CT 4 M, from about 1 χ 10' 3 M to about 1 χ 10 ' 5 M, from about 1 χ 10' 3 M to about 1 χ 10 ' 8 M or about 1 χ 10 -4 Ma about 1 χ 10 ' 8 M, and so on. In other embodiments, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is about 1 χ 10 ' 2 M, 1 χ 10' 3 M, 1 χ 10 ' 4 M, 1 χ 10 5 M, 1 χ 10' 6 M, 1 χ 10 8 M, 1 χ 10 ' 9 M, and so on, or their combinations. In still other embodiments of the present invention, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is about 2 χ 1CT 4 M, 3 χ W 4 M, 5 χ 10 ^ M, 2 χ 10 ' 5 M, 3 χ 10 ' 5 M, 5 χ 10' 5 , 2 χ 10 ' 6 M, 3 χ 10' 6 M, 4 χ 10 ' 6 M, 2 χ 10 7 M, 3 χ 10' 7 M, 6 χ 10 ' 7 M, 2 χ 10 ' 8 M, 2 χ 10' 9 M, and so on.
    In other embodiments, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is between about 0.00001 grams to about 1000 grams of active ingredient per hectare. Thus, in some embodiments, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is between about 0.0001 gram to about 750 grams, between about 0.001 gram to about 500 grams of the active ingredient per hectare, between about from 0.005 gram to about 250 grams of active ingredient per hectare, between about 0.01 gram to about 100 grams of active ingredient per hectare, between about 0.5 gram to about 50 grams
    13/40 of the active ingredient per hectare or between about 1 gram to about 25 grams of the active ingredient per hectare. In some specific embodiments, an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and so on, grams of active ingredient per hectare.
    In the further embodiments of the invention, the composition comprising dicarboxylic acid can be a concentration between 0.1% and 99.9% by weight of the active components. In other embodiments, the concentration of the composition comprising dicarboxylic acid can be between 1.0% and 99% by weight of the active components, between 0.5% and 95% by weight of the active components, between 5% and 80% by weight active components, between 10% and 75% by weight of active components, and so on.
    The frequency of application or contact of the plant or part of it with a composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives can be as frequent as necessary for the impact of the desired effect of increased tolerance to, and / or reduced consequences of, stress abiotic and / or reduce the consequence of abiotic stress. For example, the composition may be in contact with the plant or part of it one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more times a day, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more times a day, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more times a month, and / or one, two, three, four, five , six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more times a year, when necessary to obtain increased tolerance to abiotic stress. Thus, in some embodiments the composition comprising dicarboxylic acid is in contact with the plant or part of it from 1 to 10 times per cycle, from 1 to 11 times per cycle, from 1 to 12 times per cycle, from 1 to 13 times per cycle, from 1 to 14 times per cycle, from 1 to 15 times per cycle, and so on. In some modalities, the number of days between applications of (that is, the contact of the plant or part of it with) dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives is from 1 day to 100 days, 1 day to
    14/40 days, 1 day to 90 days, 1 day to 85 days, 1 day to 80 days, 1 day to 75 days, 1 day to 70 days, 1 day to 65 days, 1 day to 60 days, 1 day to 55 days, 1 day to 50 days, 1 day to 45 days, 1 day to 40 days, and so on, and any combination of these. In yet other embodiments of the present invention, the number of days between applications of dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives is 1 day, 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 13 days, 15 days, 18 days, 20 days, 25, days, 28, days, 30 days, 32, days, 35 days, 38 days, 40 days, 45 days, and so on, and any combination of these. Therefore, as someone of versatility in the technique must recognize, the amount and frequency of application or contact of the compositions of this invention to a plant or part of it must vary depending on the type of plant / crop, the condition of the plant / crop, the abiotic stress or its consequences being relieved, and so on. As someone of versatility in the technique must additionally recognize based on the description provided here, a composition of this invention can be effective in increasing tolerance to abiotic stress and / or reducing the consequence of abiotic stress in a plant or part of it regardless of the initial application of the composition of the present invention is applied to the plant before, during, and / or after the onset of the abiotic stress (s).
    As discussed above, abiotic stress includes, but is not limited to, cold temperature, freezing, cooling, heat or high temperature, drought, high light intensity, salinity, ozone, and / or combinations thereof. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, abiotic stress is freezing. In other aspects of the invention, abiotic stress is cooling. In still other aspects of the invention, abiotic stress is the high intensity of light. In the additional embodiments of the invention, abiotic stress is elevated temperature. As someone of versatility in the technique must recognize, at any time that, a plant can be exposed to one or more abiotic stresses. (Mittler, R., Trends Plant Sci. 11 (1) (2006)). Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, the term abiotic stress refers to a combination of stresses. Such combinations of stresses include, but are not limited to,
    15/40 high light intensity and high temperature; high intensity of light and drought; high light intensity and salinity; high temperature and salinity; drought and high temperature; high light intensity and cold temperature; high light intensity, high temperature, and drought; high light intensity, high temperature, and salinity; and so on. Thus, in some specific modalities, the combination of abiotic stresses is high temperature and high light intensity. In other modalities, the combination of abiotic stresses is high temperature, high light intensity and dryness. In other modalities, the combination of abiotic stresses is high temperature and dryness. In sports, however, the combination of abiotic stresses is the high intensity of light and drought. In yet other modalities, the combination of abiotic stresses is cold temperature or cooling and high light intensity.
    A plant or part of it exposed to high temperature, alone or in combination with the high intensity of light can develop sunburn. Sunburn injury is a significant problem in the fluid industry resulting in losses of millions of dollars. Three types of sunburn on the fruit have been identified in, for example, apple studies. The first type is a necrotic stain on the exposed side of the fluid light resulting from the thermal death of the skin cells when the surface temperature of the fruit reaches about 52.22 ° C (126 ° F). The elevated temperature is only sufficient to induce this condition. The second type is called toasting by sunburn and results in a yellow, bronze, or brown spot on the exposed side of the fruit's light. This type of injury occurs in apples at a surface temperature of the fruit from about 46.11 ° C (115 ° F) to 48.89 ° C (120 ° F) and requires the presence of sunlight. The starting temperature required for toasting by sunburn is dependent on the cultivar. The third type of sunburn injury occurs in the fruit that is suddenly exposed to full sunlight, for example, after the tree branches are reduced or a gain is modified according to the fruit load. This type of sunburn requires light and relatively low ambient temperatures.
    16/40 drops (for example, about 18.33 ° C (65 ° F)) with a fruit surface temperature of about 31.11 ° C (88 ° F). Heat stress can also induce or ameliorate a variety of skin and / or fruit disorders, including lenticel mark (dark spots), sunburn scald, crack / split, misshapen fruit, bitter (spotted) lump, Fuji stain, and glaze. Stressed fabrics burned by sun / heat can also serve as entry points for fungi and other pathogens. (See, US 20090280985)
    Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for increasing tolerance to elevated temperature in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof , thereby increasing the tolerance of the plant or part of it at elevated temperature and reducing sunburn damage compared to a control (ie, a plant or part of it exposed to the same abiotic stress (ie, high temperatures) , but not in contact with the compositions of the present invention). In other embodiments, a method is provided to increase tolerance to high temperature and high light intensity in a plant or part of it comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof , thereby increasing the tolerance to high temperature and high light intensity and reducing the sunburn injury compared to a control.
    In other embodiments, a method is provided to increase tolerance to high temperature, high light intensity and drought in a plant or part of it comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative likewise, thereby increasing tolerance in a plant or part of it at elevated temperature, high light intensity and drought compared to a control. In the additional embodiments, a method is provided to increase tolerance to high and dry temperature in a plant or part of it comprising the
    17/40 contact of the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby increasing tolerance to high and dry temperature compared to a control. In other embodiments of this invention, a method is provided to increase tolerance to high light and dryness in a plant or part of it comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative of even so, increasing the tolerance to high light intensity and drought compared to a control. In the embodiments however, a method is provided to increase drought tolerance in a plant or part of it comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, thereby increasing drought tolerance compared to a control.
    Abiotic stress, such as high temperature, can result in crop losses due to flower miscarriage or fruit drop. Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, methods are provided to increase tolerance at elevated temperature in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereby increasing the tolerance of the plant or part of it at elevated temperature and reducing floral abortion compared to a control (that is, a plant or part of it that was exposed to the same abiotic stress conditions, but was not in contact with the compositions of the present invention comprising dicarboxylic acid or its derivatives). In other embodiments of the present invention, methods are provided to increase tolerance at elevated temperature in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. Thus, increasing the tolerance of the plant or part of it at an elevated temperature and reducing fruit drop compared to a control.
    18/40
    Cell division and fruit size are affected by abiotic stress including high temperature, high light intensity and / or drought. Each of these abiotic stress factors, alone or in combination, can result in reduced cell division and reduced fruit size. Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for increasing tolerance to high temperature and / or high intensity of light and / or drought in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative, thereby increasing the tolerance of the plant or part of it to high temperature and / or high light and / or dry intensity and maintaining cell division and fruit size compared to a control. In some specific embodiments, the present invention provides methods for increasing tolerance at elevated temperature in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part thereof with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. Thus, increasing the tolerance of the plant or part of it at elevated temperature and maintaining cell division and fruit size compared to a control.
    The number and size of the plants or their parts, the quality of the plant or part of the plant that is produced (for example, fruit quality) are also affected by abiotic stress. Thus, depending on the abiotic stress to which a plant is exposed, the plant or part of the plant may be reduced in size and / or the number of plants or their parts may be reduced, and / or a quality of the plant produced or part of it can be reduced (for example, fruit size and / or quality). Quality can be assessed according to color, finish, and / or shape (for example, reduced production quality due to appearance and texture). Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part thereof comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derived from thereby increasing the plant's tolerance or part of it to abiotic stress and maintaining the number and / or size of a plant or part of it compared to a control. In other embodiments, the present invention provides methods for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in a plant or part of it comprising contacting the plant or part of it with a composition comprising an effective amount of a dicarboxylic acid or derivative of, thereby , increasing the plant's tolerance or part of it to abiotic stress and maintaining the quality of a plant or part of it compared to a control.
    In some aspects of the invention, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise an agriculturally acceptable carrier. An agriculturally acceptable carrier of the present invention can include natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material that is combined with the active component to facilitate its application to the plant, or part of it. An agriculturally acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, inert components, dispersants, surfactants, adjuvants, adherents, thickeners, binders, or combinations thereof, which can be used in agricultural formulations.
    Agriculturally acceptable vehicles can be solid or liquid and are well known to those of versatility in the art. Solid vehicles include, but are not limited to, silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, trunk, loess, clay, atapulgite clay, bentonite, acid clay, pyrophyllite, talc, calcite , corn starch powder, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide, sodium synthetic materials, resins, waxes, fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and ureas, vegetable products, such as cereal flour, bark flour, wood flour and nutshell flour (for example, nutshell powder), cellulose powders and so on; and their combinations. Non-limiting examples of liquid carriers include water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, paraffinic or aromatic hydrocarbons, hi20 / 40 chlorinated drocarbons, liquefied gases and so on, and combinations thereof. Thus, liquid carriers can include, but are not limited to, xylene, methylnaphthalene and so on, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, cellosolve and so on, acetone, cyclohexanone, isophorone and so on, vegetable oils, such as, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil and so on, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, and combinations thereof.
    In some embodiments, an agriculturally acceptable vehicle of the present invention comprises an active surface (surfactant) agent, which can be an ionic or non-ionic type emulsifying, dispersing or wetting agent. Non-limiting examples of surface active agents suitable for use with the compositions of the present invention include alkyl benzene and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl and alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl amine oxides, alkyl and alkyl aryl phosphate esters, organosilicones, fluoro wetting agents -organic alcohol, ethoxylates, alkoxylated amines, sulfate fatty alcohols, acid amines or amides, long chain acid esters of sodium isothionate, sodium sulfosucinate esters, fatty acid esters or sulfonated fatty acid, petroleum sulfonates, oils sulfonated vegetables, acetylenic glycols, block copolymers, polyoxyalkylene derivatives of alkylphenols (particularly isooctylphenol and nonylphenol) and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of monosuperior fatty acid esters of hexitol anhydrides (eg sorbitan).
    Nonionic surface active agents useful with the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and alkylphenols, which have 3 to 10 glycol ether groups. and from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon residue (aliphatic) and from 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue of the phenol alkyls. Other non-limiting examples of suitable non-ionic surface active agents include the water-soluble ethylene glycol ether groups of 20 to 200, containing poly-reductions of ethylene oxide and polypropylene glycol, ethylene diamino polypropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol alkyl with 1 to 10 atoms
    21/40 carbon in the alkyl component. Additional non-limiting examples of nonionic surface active agents include nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, polyglycol ether castor oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as ethylene sorbitan trioleate polyoxide, polyethylene oxide polypropylene, tributyl polyethylene phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, polyethylene glycol, octyl phenoxy polyethylene ethanol, Tween journals such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and so on.
    Non-limiting examples of dispersants useful with the compositions of the present invention include methyl, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignin sulfonates, calcium lignosulfonates, polymeric alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polymethylene binafthalene sulfonate , and neutralized polyoxyethylated derivatives or ring substituted alkyl phenol phosphates. In the further embodiments of this invention, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives may, in addition, comprise stabilizers, such as magnesium aluminum silicate, xanthan gum and so on.
    Therefore, in some embodiments, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives can be mixed with one or more agriculturally acceptable vehicles, solid or liquid, and prepared by various means, for example, by means of homogeneously mixing, combining and / or milling the composition (s) with suitable carriers using conventional formulation techniques.
    The compositions of the present invention can be made of any formulation suitable for application or contact with a plant or part of it. Suitable formulations for contacting the compositions of the invention with a plant or part of it include, but are not limited to, a spray, a suspension, a powder, a granule, a mist, an aerosol, a foam, paste, emulsions ( for example, in oil (vegetable or mineral), or water or oil / water), a capsule, and combinations thereof.
    Powders and dust can be prepared by mixing
    22/40 or joint grinding of the active compound or compounds with a solid carrier. The granules (for example, coated granules, impregnated granules or homogeneous granules) can be prepared by mixing the active component in a solid carrier. Solutions can be prepared by dissolving the active component in a liquid carrier, optionally including a surface active agent.
    In the specific aspects of the present invention, compositions comprising the dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof can be used in conjunction with the additional active compounds. Thus, in some embodiments, the compositions of this invention comprising dicarboxylic acid or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise additional active compounds. In other embodiments, the additional active compounds can be provided in one or more than one composition that is separate from the compositions comprising the dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. When supplied in one or more than one separate composition, the additional compounds may be in contact with the plant or part of it, before, simultaneously with, and / or within a few hours, several hours, and / or 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and / or 10 days before or after contacting a composition of this invention with a plant or part of it. Additional active compounds that are useful in conjunction with the dicarboxylic acid compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, fertilizers, plant nutrients and micronutrients, amino acids, plant hormones and hormone-like compounds, pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, materials reflective, and so on.
    Thus, in some embodiments, plant hormones and hormone-like compounds that can be employed with the present invention include, but are not limited to, auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, salicylic acid, and so on, and their combinations. In other embodiments, the amino acids that can be employed with the present invention include, but are not limited to, glycine betaine, aminobutyric acid, and so on. In the specific aspects of the present invention, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise salicylic acid. In other aspects of the present invention, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise glycine betaine. In still other aspects, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise salicylic acid and glycine betaine. In some additional embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprising dicarboxylic acid, furthermore, comprises furanocoumarin, terpenes, tripenes, pinene, 2-carene, felandrene, rosmarinic acid, benzyl acetate, and so on.
    In other embodiments, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives, furthermore, comprise kaolin and / or calcium carbonate, and / or combinations thereof. Thus, in some embodiments of this invention, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid, moreover, comprise kaolin. In other embodiments, the compositions of the present invention, moreover, comprise calcium carbonate. In the embodiments, however, still further, the compositions of the present invention comprising dicarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof, furthermore, comprise kaolin and calcium carbonate.
    In some embodiments, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives which, in addition, comprise additional active components may comprise an amount of each additional active ingredient between about 0.00001 gram to about 1000 grams of active ingredient per hectare. Thus, in some embodiments, the amount of each additional active ingredient can be between about 0.0001 gram to about 750 grams, between about 0.001 gram to about 500 grams of the active ingredient per hectare, between about 0.005 gram to about 250 grams of active ingredient per hectare, between about 0.01 gram to about 100 grams of active ingredient per hectare, between about 0.5 gram to about 50 grams of active ingredient per hectare or between about 1 gram to about 25 grams of the active ingredient per hectare. In some specific embodiments, the amount of each additional active ingredient can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
    24/40
    15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and so on, grams of active ingredient per hectare.
    In some embodiments, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid and / or its derivatives, which furthermore comprises kaolin, may comprise an amount of kaolin in the range of about 5 kg / ha to about 100 kg / ha. Thus, in some modalities, the quantity of kaolin can be in a range of about 5 kg / ha to about 100 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 10 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 15 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 20 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 30 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 40 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 50 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 60 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 70 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 80 kg / ha, from about 5 kg / ha to about 90 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 30 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 40 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 50 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 60 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 80 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 90 kg / ha, from about 15 kg / ha to about 100 kg / ha, from about 20 kg / ha to about 50 kg / ha, from about 20 kg / ha to about 80 kg / ha, from about 20 kg / ha to about 100 kg / ha, from c about 40 kg / ha to about 80 kg / ha, from about 40 kg / ha to about 100 kg / ha, from about 50 kg / ha to about 80 kg / ha, about 50 kg / ha at about 100 kg / ha, about 75 kg / ha at about 100 kg / ha, and so on.
    As discussed above, dicarboxylic acid compositions can be in contact with a plant or part of it with other compounds that are included in the same composition / formulation or in separate compositions / formulations. Thus, kaolin and / or calcium carbonate, and so on, or combinations thereof, may be the same composition / formulation with the dicarboxylic acid compositions of this invention or may be supplied in one or more than one (for example , one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, etc.) separate compositions / formulations. When supplied in separate compositions / formulations, the plant and part of it
    25/40 may be in contact with the dicarboxylic acid composition before, simultaneously with, or after, the plant or part of it is in contact with the reflective compounds.
    In additional aspects of the invention, the plant or part of it may be in contact with the compositions of the present invention comprising dicarboxylic acid, wherein the compositions may, in addition, comprise any combination of other useful compounds including, but not limited to, those discussed above. Thus, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid can, in addition, comprise additional useful compounds including, but not limited to, kaolin, calcium carbonate, salicylic acid, glycine betaine, and so on, in any combination. Thus, for example, compositions comprising dicarboxylic acid may, in addition, comprise kaolin and salicylate.
    In other embodiments, the plant or part of it in contact with the compositions of the present invention comprising dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof, is furthermore in contact with one or more of a useful compound present in one or more than one composition separated from the composition (s) comprising dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof. As discussed above, the order of application of the compositions can vary according to the need.
    In some aspects of the invention, the contact stage of the plant or part of it includes any method by which the compositions of the invention are brought into contact with the plant or part of it. The term contact includes any method in which a plant is exposed to, supplied with, or in which a compound is applied to a plant or part of it. Some non-limiting examples of contacting a plant or part of it include vaporization, dusting, spraying, dispersion, nebulization, atomization, broadcasting, saturation, injection into the soil, incorporation into the soil, soaking (eg soil treatment), settling, coating , leaf or stem infiltration, lateral fertilization or seed treatment, and so on, and their combinations. These and other procedures for contacting a plant or part of it with the compound (s),
    26/40 composition (s) or formulation (s) are well known to those of versatility in the technique.
    As used here, the surface of the plant and part of it includes the plant and its parts that are above and below the ground. In some specific embodiments of this invention, the composition is in contact with / applied to the surface of the plant or part of the plant, the composition of which is then absorbed into the plant.
    Thus, a plant or part of it of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the whole plant, the parts of the plant above and below ground, leaves, needles, stems, buds, flowers and their parts, fruits and their parts, cones and their parts, stems, seeds, roots, tubers, rhizomes, and combinations thereof. An entire plant includes all stages of seed development and mature plant changes. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, the plant is a seed. In other embodiments of the invention, the plant is a seedling. In still other modalities, the plant is mature and can give flowers and fruit (that is, reproduce sexually). A plant can be in contact with the compositions of the present invention at all stages of plant development. As would be well understood in the art, the stage or stages of development during which the compositions of the present invention would be in contact with the compositions of the present invention should depend on the plant species, the part of the plant and the stress to which the plant or part of it is exposed. In some specific aspects of the invention, the stage of development in which a plant is in contact with the compositions of the invention is in the fall of petals.
    The methods of the present invention are useful for any type of plant or part of it exposed to or that may become exposed to abiotic stress. Thus, plants useful for the present invention include, but are not limited to, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocots and dicots), ferns, allies, bryophytes, and combinations thereof.
    Specific non-limiting examples of a plant or part
    27/40 of the same invention include species of ornamental, woody, herbaceous, horticultural, agricultural, forestry, nursery and plant species useful in the production of biofuels, and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the plant or part of it includes, but is not limited to, apple, tomato, pear, pepper (Capsicum), beans (for example, green and dry), cucurbits (for example, pumpkin, cucumber, sweet melon , watermelon, melon, and so on), papaya, cover, pineapple, avocado, stone fruits (for example, plum, cherry, peach, apricot, nectarine, and so on), grape (wine and table), strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, cape, cranberry, red currant, banana, fig, citrus (for example, tangerine, quinoto, orange, grapefruit, tangerine, mandarin, lemon, lime, and so on), nuts (for example, hazelnut, pistachio, walnut, macadamia, almond, pecan, and so on), lychee (Litchi), soy beans, corn, sugar cane, peanuts, cotton, canola, rapeseed oil, sunflower, rapeseed , alfalfa, timothy (type of herb), tobacco, tomatoes, sugar beets, potatoes, peas, carrots, cereals (eg wheat, rice, barley, rye, millet, s orgo, oats, triticale, and so on), buckwheat, quinoa, lawn, lettuce, roses, tulips, violets, basil, oil palm, elm, ash, oak, wild oak, fir, spruce, cedar, pine, birch, cypress, coffee, miscanthus, arundo, yellow millet, and their combinations.
    Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, the plant or part of it is a tomato. In other modalities, the plant or part of it is a citrus tree. In still other modalities, the plant or part of it is an apple tree. In other modalities, the plant or part of it is a stone fruit. In the modalities, however, still, the plant or part of it is a wine grape plant.
    Other aspects of the invention comprise the use of a compound or composition of the present invention for carrying out the methods of the present invention described herein.
    The following examples are included to demonstrate various embodiments of the invention. It should be noted by those of versatility in the technique that the techniques described in the examples that follow represent
    28/40 the techniques revealed by the inventors to work well in the practice of the invention. In any case, those of versatility in the technique must, in the light of the present description, note that many changes can be made in the specific modalities that are described and also obtain a similar or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Examples
    Example 1, Field tests
    Field tests were carried out on parts of commercial fields or orchards in Australia during the 2009-2010 season. The harvests were evaluated for specific parameters influenced by abiotic stress including fruit diameter, fruit number, amount of sunburn injury and number of aborted flowers. The harvests evaluated were apple, citrus, tomato and wine grape. The test crops received normal fungicidal applications and were found to be disease-free. Heat and light stress occurred at the beginning, during the tests, with exposures to 40 ° C + of temperatures in November; about 4 to 6 weeks after testing is started. This period of stress was followed by varying temperatures including temperatures that were in the mid to high 30 ° C range.
    Treatments included (1) None; (2) Screen; (3) Duo screen; (4) azelaic acid; (5) Canvas + azelaic acid (CMM2009A = the code for azelaic acid used during the tests); (6) Tela Duo + azelaic acid; (7) azelaic acid + salicylic acid; (8) azelaic acid + glycine betaine; (7) Surround; and (8) Parasol. The foliage and fruit for each crop were evaluated before treatment and then at regular intervals throughout the cycle for any signs of phytotoxicity. No phytotoxicity was found in each foliage or fruit for any of the formulations for any of the crops. In addition, all tests were determined to be free from disease and plague.
    The treatments and rates at which the treatments were applied to the plants or their parts are provided in Table 1, below. Tela (kaolin), Tela Duo (kaolin and salicylate), Surround (kaolin) and Parasol (carbonate)
    29/40 calcium) are the standard treatments used to manage heat, light and water stress. Kaolin and calcium carbonate reduce stress by reflecting UV, visible and infrared radiation, thereby reducing the impact of excess heat and light on photosynthesis and other cellular processes.
    The citrus and apple tests received four and five applications, respectively, of the various formulations, shown in Table 1 (below), before experiencing abiotic stress. Tomatoes received fortnightly applications of treatments throughout the test.
    The various stages of fruit development are (1) cell division; (2) small hardening - in the stone fruits only; (3) cell growth and (4) fruit ripening. The fruit of each crop described here was in Stage I of the fruit development (cell division phase) and thus, susceptible to injury due to the high temperature as assessed by the reduced fruit size and number.
    Table 1. Treatments and fees applied in field tests (in parentheses are the fees applied to tomatoes).
    Treatment Fee - first treatment Second treatment fee Screen (kaolin) 2.5 kg / 100 L (25 kg / ha) 1.25 kg / 100 L (12.5 kg / ha) Duo screen (kaolin and salicylate) 1.25 kg / 100 L (12.5 kg / ha) 0.625 kg / 100 L (6.25 kg / ha) Azelaic acid (CM2009A) 8-18 g / ha 8-18 g / ha Azelaic Acid and Screen 2.5 kg / 100 L (25 kg / ha) 8-18 g / ha 1.25 kg / 100 L (12.5 kg / ha) 8-18 g / ha Duo Canvas and Azelaic Acid 1.25 kg / 100 L (12.5 kg / ha) 8-18 g / ha 0.625 kg / 100 L (6.25 kg / ha) 8-18 g / ha Azelaic Acid and Salicylate 8-18 g / ha1 g / L (10-4M) 8-18 g / ha1 g / L (10-4M) Azelaic acid and Glycine betaine 8-18 g / ha1 g / L (10-4M) 8-18 g / ha1 g / L (10-4M) Surround(kaolin) 5 kg / 100 L (50 kg / ha) 2.5 kg / 100 L (25 kg / ha)
    30/40
    Treatment Fee - first treatment Second treatment fee Parasol (calcium carbonate) 2 L / 100 L 1 L / 100 L
    * the water rate per hectare varied with the harvest and for this reason the rate of azelaic acid, azelaic acid and salicylate (CMM2009B = the code used for the combination during the tests), azelaic acid and glycine betaine (CMM2009C = the code used for the combination during the tests) varied in g / ha applied.
    Treatments with dicarboxylic acid, alone or in combination with kaolin or several three modes were compared with standard treatments for the management of heat, light and water stress including kaolin (Tela, Cirarar), kaolin + salicylate (Tela Duo), and calcium carbonate (Parasol). See Table 1, above. None of these treatments, with the exception of salicylate, have been reported to provide any significant degree of disease control. (Jung et al., Science 324: 89-91 (2009); United States Patent Application No. 20090048312).
    Example 2, Citrus Test
    In general, a lower fruit load results in a larger fruit diameter at harvest. Differences in the initial cycle in fruit diameter are due to variation in cell division. It is well documented that at the same fruit load, heat stress should result in less fruit (that is, reduced fruit diameter). In addition, stress from heat, light, and / or water can also result in losses in the number of fruit, generally known in citrus as June fall. Previous studies indicate that protection of the crop with Tela / Duo starting with leaf fall may result in larger fruit and higher numbers of fruit, most likely by reducing the temperature of the crop and reducing stress by signaling reactive oxygen (ROX).
    The test described below was conducted in Cobram, Victoria, Australia. Several parameters were evaluated as responses to stress due to heat, light and / or water: initial diameter of the citrus fruit, number of fruit per leaf per cubic meter, percentage of sunburn, last diameter 31/40 of the seasonal fruit and kilograms of the fruit. fruit per cubic meter foliage. The sunburn injury is the result of the final stage of combined heat and light stress. Azelaic acid was only as effective as standard treatments (Tela, Tela Duo, Circundar and Parasol) in protecting cell division, as assessed by the initial diameter of the fruit. See Table 2, below. Azelaic acid was also so effective in reducing fruit loss; in fact, the highest numerical fruit loads were observed with azelaic acid in treatments only. In addition, the addition of azelaic acid to Tela also resulted in an increased diameter of the fruit. The same was not observed for azelaic acid in conjunction with Tela Duo, which contains salicylate, or with the combination salicylate and azelaic acid, although there was no statistical separation between the combination azelaic acid and Tela Duo versus the combination salicylic acid and azelaic acid. There was little correlation observed between the number of fruit and the size of the fruit (correlation coefficient = 0.51). Finally, azelaic acid also provided protection from injury by sunburn that was the same as that obtained using standard treatments.
    32/40
    Table 2. Summary of data from citrus field tests
    Oτ'-Z0)w103CM kgs / cubic meter of foliage 2.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.4 34 4.3 3.3 3.2 2.7 I 0.3 12-Apr-10 Fruit diameter (mm) 66.68 71.37 71.25 71.59 71.47 71.52 71.51 71.28 71.61 69.77 I coO [28-Jan-10 Percentage of sunburn í 13.6 6.3 | 3.0 | 9'S 4.9 T—CD 3.3 co 4.0 | 5.9 | co 6-Jan-10 Fruit Number per cubic meter 5.34 9.26 8.90 | 10.62 9.48 8.60 10.78 <OΜoo 8.48 | 8.34 I 2.58 | 14-Dec-10 Fruit diameter (mm) 27.52 29.14 | 29.51 I 29.49 30.07 28.97 28.69 29.20 28.04 | 29.77 I 1.38 Rate* | 2.5% fb ** 1.25% I I 1.25% sp 0.65% | 18 g / ha 2.5% + 18 g / ha sp 1.25% + 18 g / ha 1.25% + 8 g / L sp 0.65% + 8 g / L 18 g / ha1 g / L 18 g / ha1 g / L 5.0% sp 2.5% 2sp1L / 100L | Treatment | Not treated I Screen I Duo Screen Azelaic acid (CMM2009A) Canvas + Azelaic acid Duo Screen + Azelaic Acid Azelaic acid + Salicylate Azelaic acid + Glycine Betaine I Surround Parasol | | LSD 0.05 I
    four applications for all treatments. ‘Sp = followed by
    33/40
    Example 3. Apple test
    As described above for citrus, the initial cycle of heat, light and / or water stress can also prevent cell division that occurs during Phase I of apple fruit development. In the apple test, which was conducted in Shepparton, Victoria, Australia, the fruit load in each of the three was diluted to an approximately equal amount (approximately 200 fruit per tree; +/- 5%), thereby eliminating the effect confusion of the fruit load in the fruit diameter. To assess sunburn / heat stress injury, all apples were harvested from the center of the tree in each lot and evaluated according to the classification system that follows.
    Evaluation Visual evaluation of the fruit
    No sunburn
    Slight yellowish on the exposed side (□ 5% of the fruit area)
    2 Yellowish visible on the exposed side (□ 5% of the fruit area)
    Moderate sunburn with considerable lenticels (fruit unsellable)
    Significant sunburn (unsaleable fruit)
    The data showed that azelaic acid, alone or in combination with kaolin, salicylate, glycine betaine, or its multiples, was as effective as standard treatments in protecting cell division as assessed by fruit diameter, percentage of sunburn, size apple production and salable production. See Table 3, below.
    34/40 r— o
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    Table 3. Summary of data from the apple field tests.
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    „ Ro cõ -2 φ £> N 03 C0 tc O .Ç o 2 δω O CS o
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    35/40
    Example 4. Tomato test
    Abortion of the flower in the tomato results in a significant loss of production in the tomato and begins at temperatures of 28 ° C, becoming more severe with increasing temperature. In addition, once the fruit has been developed, it is susceptible to injury from heat and light, expressed as sunburn.
    In the current study, tomatoes, located in a commercial field outside Echuca, Victoria, Australia, were treated with azelaic acid (CMM2009A). The number of abortion flowers per side was assessed periodically during the cycle. Tomato production and sunburn injury was assessed as follows. The tomatoes from the center of each batch were harvested from a meter section of the tomato beds. The fruit was visually evaluated as being either red in color and suitable for processing, green in color, or sunburned. The fruit of these three categories was kept separate, weighed and recorded.
    Azelaic acid treatment has been observed to reduce the number of aborted flowers to the same degree as standard treatments for this type of abiotic stress. In addition, azelaic acid, applied alone or in combination with salicylate, kaolin, glycine betaine, or combinations thereof, provided protection from sunburn injury that was equivalent to, or better than, standard treatments. See Table 4, below. No difference in the quality of the foliage or in the vigor of the harvest was observed between treatments.
    36/40
    Table 4. Summary of data from tomato field tests.
    SolidssolubleMT / ha 4.5 I 6.6 6.2 CMCO 9’9 CMco 6.3 Mco 6.8 I 5.5 I I 0.5 I 12-Mar-10 ProductiontotalMT / ha 121.7 | 154.6 145 137.6 156.2 146.7 146.4 150.8 158.2 I 133.2 cnO - Sunburn productionMT / ha ΙΌr- ct> 10.4 9’9 V " Hi 10.7 cm 12.6 I 3.48 Red MT production / ha 99.5 | 145.6 134.6 co 144.7 135.7 137.3 140.1 146.1 120.6 I 10.64 20-Feb-10 | Number of fruit sunburn per lot 45 23.3 23.5 21.3 00 V - 23.5 19.8 14.0 21.8 I 21.8 | 9.38 20-Jan-10 Aborted flowers per square meter of the lot 13.3 | 2.8 co m CM LO co LOcm co 0O I 2.37 Rate * 25 kg / ha sp 12.5 kg / ha 12.5 kg / ha sp 6.25 kg / ha 8 g / ha 25 kg + 8 g / ha sp 12.5 kg + 8 g / ha 12.5 kg + 8 g / ha sp 6.25 kg + 8 g / ha 8 g / ha1 g / L 00 50 kg / ha sp 25 kg / ha | 6.25 L / ha Treatment Not treated Screen Duo Screen Azelaic acid (CMM2009A) Canvas + Azelaic acid Duo Screen + Azelaic Acid Azelaic acid + Salicylate Azelaic acid + Glycine Betaine Surround Parasol LSD 0.05
    Ten applications for all treatments.
    37/40
    Example 5. Tomato batch tests
    The tomato plants were exposed to heat stress by light in the greenhouse. Control plants had no treatment or were treated with Tela, Tela Plus 1, Tela Plus 2, or Tela Plus 3. The experimental plants were treated with azelaic acid in 10 ' 4 M or 10' 3 M applied alone or in combination with Tela, Tela Plus 1, Tela Plus 2, or Tela Plus 3. The results were presented below in Table 5 and showed that 10 4 M azelaic acid provided protection from abiotic stress that was equivalent to or better than the standard treatments as assessed by the average fruit size.
    Table 5. Average change in growth (cm) of tomato fruits exposed to heat and light stress in response to various treatments.
    April 2 - May 10Average growthin cm. April 2 - April 18May Growthaverage in cm. Azelaic Screen* none none 8.1 6.1 none Screen 8.9 6.1 none Plus Screen 1 11.5 9.0 none Screen Plus 2 11.0 8.5 none Plus3 screen 10.7 7.9 10 ^ MdeAzelaic none 11.0 8.7 10 ' 4 Mde Azelaico Screen 10.1 8.5 10 ^ MdeAzelaic Plus Screen 1 10.5 7.7 10 ^ MdeAzelaic Screen Plus 2 10.7 7.4 10 ^ MdeAzelaic Screen Plus 3 9.6 7.9 10 ' 3 Mde Azelaico none 8.0 6.1
    * All screen applications were applied at an equivalent rate of 25 kg / ha.
    38/40
    Example 6. Grape test for wine.
    The test described below was conducted in Kialla, Victoria, Australia. The test project was a complete randomized block with four repetitions. Each lot comprises a panel of vines having four vines. For production measurements, the grapes were harvested from each of the central vineyards on each panel and the group of numbers and weights were recorded. For the evaluation of sunburn / heat stress injury, the groups of grapes were evaluated according to the following system: Classification Incidence of sunburn / heat stress in the grape groups (%)
    0
    1-5
    6-10
    11-25
    5 26-50
    50-100
    Azelaic acid, applied alone or in combination with salicylate, kaolin, or their combinations, provided protection from heat, water and light stress that was equivalent to or better than standard treatments as shown by the percentage of groups of grapes having a rating of 1 and 2, by production as evaluated in kilograms per vineyard, for average weight of a group and by production as evaluated in kilograms per hectare. See Table 6, below.
    Table 6. Summary of data from the grape field tests for wine.
    10-Mar-10 % of classification of groups 1 + 2 Production kg / wine Weightgroup(grams) Production kg / ha Treatment Rate * Not treated 70.3 2.08 56.9 5333 Screen 2.5% sp 1.25% 97.5 3.63 96.8 9307
    39/40
    10-Mar-10 % of classification of groups 1 + 2 Production kg / wine Weightgroup(grams) Production kg / ha Treatment Rate * Duo Screen 1.25% sp 0.65% 98 3.5 93.5 8974 Azelaic acid(CMM2009THE) 8 g / ha 96.8 3.6 94.7 9230 Canvas + Azelaic acid 2.5% + 8 g / ha sp 1.25% + 8 g / ha 91.9 3.45 85.7 8846 Duo Screen + Azelaic Acid 1.25% + 8 g / ha sp 0.65% + 8 g / ha 91.4 3.38 88.1 8666 Azelaic acid + Salicylate 8 g / h at 10 ' 4 M 91.7 3.5 89.5 8974 Azelaic acid + Glycine Betaine 8 g / ha 10 ^ M 85.9 3.18 85.1 8154 Surround 5.0% sp 2.5% 93.7 3.3 83.1 8461 Parasol 2 sp 1 L / 100L 88.4 2.75 75.7 7051 LSD 0.05 13.56 0.49 14.9 1256
    * Four applications for all treatments.
    Example 7. Sebaceic acid test
    A tomato batch study was conducted with sebacic acid to determine sebacic acid activity in increasing tolerance to abiotic stress. Tomatoes were grown in a standard medium in batches and subjected to abiotic stresses of high stress to heat, light, and water. Plant growth was used as an assessment of the ability of sebacic acid to reduce the impact of abiotic stress. At
    40/40 growth measurements were taken 32 days after treatment with sebacic acid
    Table 7. Summary of tomato batch / sebacic acid tests.
    Treatment Growth (mm) Control 23.2 1x10-4M Sebaceous 25.3 LSD0.05 2.07
    The results show a statistically significant higher growth for plants treated with sebacic acid compared with untreated plants (Table 7).
    The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting it. The invention is defined by the claims that follow, with equivalents of the claims to be included here. All publications, patent applications, patents, patent publications, and any other references cited here are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the teachings relevant to the sentence and / or paragraph in which the reference is presented.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Method to increase tolerance to abiotic stress and / or to reduce the consequence of abiotic stress in a plant or part of it, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    contacting a plant or part of it with a composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid, or salt thereof, at a concentration of about 0.08 M to about 1x10 -9 M, with dicarboxylic acid being a compound that has the formula HOOC-R-COOH, and where R is C 5 to C 14 alkylene.
    [2]
    2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that abiotic stress is selected from the group consisting of cold temperature, freezing, cooling, heat or high temperature, dryness, salinity, high light intensity, ozone, and any combination of these.
    [3]
    3. Method, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that abiotic stress is a combination of the abiotic stresses selected from the group consisting of high temperature and high light intensity; high temperature, high light intensity and dryness;
    high temperature and dryness; high intensity of light and dryness; and cooling and high light intensity.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the consequence of abiotic stress is selected from the group consisting of sunburn injury, flower abortion, fruit drop, reduced fruit size , reduced cell division, reduced yield, reduced production quality due to appearance, and any combination of these.
    [5]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the combination of abiotic stress is high temperature and high light intensity and the consequence of abiotic stress is the sunburn injury.
    [6]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    Petition 870170091459, of 11/27/2017, p. 16/70 characterized by the fact that dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of pyelic acid (heptanedioic acid), submeric acid (octanedioic acid), azelaic acid (non-anodioic acid), sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), dodecanedioic acid , brassylic acid (tridecanedioic acid), tapsic acid (hexadecanedioic acid), and salts thereof, and any combination thereof.
    [7]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the contact step is selected from the group consisting of vaporization, dusting, spraying, dispersion, nebulization, atomization, broadcasting, saturation, injection into the soil, incorporation into the soil, decanting, coating, side fertilizing, seed treatment, soil treatment, and any combination of these.
    [8]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the composition also comprises an agriculturally acceptable vehicle.
    [9]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the dicarboxylic acid is applied in combination with one or more active component, wherein said active component is selected from the group consisting of a hormone vegetable, an amino acid, a nutrient, a micro nutrient, a terpene, a pesticide, a fungicide, and any combination of these.
    [10]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the derivative of dicarboxylic acid is an ester of dicarboxylic acid, a salt of dicarboxylic acid, or any combination thereof.
    [11]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the compositions comprise an effective amount of dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof also comprises the additional active compounds selected from the group consisting of a fertilizer, a vegetable nutrient, a vegetable micro nutrient, an amino acid, a vegetable hormone, a pesticide, a fungicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a reflective material, and any combination of these.
    Petition 870170091459, of 11/27/2017, p. 17/70
    [12]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the reflective material comprises kaolin.
    Petition 870170091459, of 11/27/2017, p. 18/70
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170208800A1|2017-07-27|
    EP2549864B1|2019-01-23|
    PE20130425A1|2013-04-10|
    WO2011119681A1|2011-09-29|
    PT2549864T|2019-05-09|
    US20140364314A1|2014-12-11|
    US9648877B2|2017-05-16|
    ES2719399T3|2019-07-10|
    US10136641B2|2018-11-27|
    EP2549864A1|2013-01-30|
    US8846573B2|2014-09-30|
    US20110232181A1|2011-09-29|
    MY170577A|2019-08-19|
    EP2549864A4|2017-03-01|
    PL2549864T3|2019-07-31|
    AU2015213334B2|2016-06-30|
    DK2549864T3|2019-04-23|
    AU2011232534B2|2015-07-09|
    CL2012002627A1|2013-05-24|
    AU2015213334A1|2015-09-03|
    AU2015213334C1|2019-06-27|
    HUE043977T2|2019-09-30|
    BR112012024029A2|2016-09-06|
    TR201905072T4|2019-05-21|
    CA2793731A1|2011-09-29|
    CA2793731C|2021-01-19|
    AU2011232534A1|2012-10-11|
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    法律状态:
    2017-08-29| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2017-09-19| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Ipc: A01N 37/00 (1980.01), A01G 7/06 (1968.09) |
    2018-02-27| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-03-20| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/03/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2018-08-07| B15G| Petition not considered as such [chapter 15.7 patent gazette]|
    2018-10-02| B17A| Notification of administrative nullity (patentee has 60 days time to reply to this notification)|Free format text: REQUERENTE DA NULIDADE: : NUTRIPROVE S.A - PETICAO NO870180132375 DE 20/09/2018. |
    2021-06-29| B22O| Other matters related to patents and certificates of addition of invention: legal action concerning patent|Free format text: "INPI NO 52402.006071/2021-20ORIGEM: 22A VARA FEDERAL CIVEL DA SJDF (TRF1) PROCESSO NO: 1040187-18.2021.4.01.3400 ACAO DE NULIDADE DE ATO ADMINISTRATIVO C/C OBRIGACAO DE FAZER AUTOR: CROP MICROCLIMATE MANAGEMENT INC.,REU(S): NUTRIPROVE S.A E INSTITUTO NACIONAL DA PROPRIEDADE INDUSTRIAL ? INPI" |
    2021-11-03| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US31656610P| true| 2010-03-23|2010-03-23|
    US61/316,566|2010-03-23|
    PCT/US2011/029556|WO2011119681A1|2010-03-23|2011-03-23|Methods for increasing tolerance to abiotic stress in plants|
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