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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD OF WITHDRAWING SELENIUM FROM A LIQUID, the present application for a patent provides an efficient method of removing selenium from water; the method involves: adding an oxidizer to the liquid, adjusting the pH of the liquid to less than 7.5, adding ferric salt in an amount so that less than a quarter of selenium in the liquid precipitates, and adding a polydithiocarbamate material to the liquid in an amount so that the amount of polydithiocarbamate material (in ppm) is greater than the amount of ferric salt (in ppm): this method removes much more selenium than the previous methods and does it using a smaller amount of expensive chemicals ; in addition, this method makes it much more likely to achieve cost-efficient compliance with the ever-increasing environmental standards for selenium in water.
    公开号:BR112012022754B1
    申请号:R112012022754-8
    申请日:2011-03-09
    公开日:2021-03-09
    发明作者:Prasad Y. Duggirala；Harry Li Xiaojin
    申请人:Nalco Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Cross-reference to reported applications None. Declaration on Research or Development Sponsored by the Federal Government Not applicable. History of the invention
    [0001] This patent application relates to compositions of the material and methods of digesting the wood chips used in the cellulose pulp production processes. Digestion is a process in which cellulosic raw materials such as wood chips are treated with chemicals including alkali and sulfide, usually at high pressure and temperature, in order to remove impurities and produce cellulose suitable for papermaking. The mixture of chemicals is predominantly in liquid form and is sometimes called a white solution. Wood chips that primarily contain cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and resins are broken down by digestion into a pulp of cellulose and hemicellulose fibers. Lignin and resins, which are undesirable for paper production, are at least partially removed at the stage of delignification of digestion.
    [0002] The digestion process can be improved by the presence of one or more surfactants in the white solution. Surfactants reduce the surface tension at the interface between the white solution and wood chips. This reduction in surface tension allows chemicals in the white solution to penetrate deeper into the wood chips and thus improve digestion. Unfortunately, the ideal composition of the white solution impairs the effectiveness of surfactants. Because the white solution has a high pH, most surfactants come out of the solution especially at high temperatures and pressure. This reduces the amount of effective surfactant in wood chips. The reduction in the amount of surfactants causes the pieces of wood (known as tailings) to survive the digestion process, which adds an additional cost to quality control issues in the subsequent stages of paper production. Attempts to overcome this problem by supersaturating the white solution with surfactants have been shown to bring little improvement and have an undesirably high cost. Similarly, decreasing the temperature, pressure or pH of the white solution also results in more tailings surviving digestion.
    [0003] Thus, there is a clear need and usefulness for improving the method of digesting wood chips into cellulose pulp for paper. The strategy described in this section is not intended to constitute an admission that any patent, publication or other information referred to herein as “prior art” in connection with this application for a patent for invention, unless specifically designated as such. In addition, this section should not be interpreted as meaning that a search has been made or that there is no other pertinent information as defined in 37 C.F.R., paragraph 1.56 (a). Brief Summary of the Invention
    [0004] At least one application of the present patent application is directed to a method of improving the penetration of the cooking solution into the wood chips. The method includes cooking the wood chips in a white solution to form a paper pulp and including at least one additive, the additive including a glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymer in the white solution. The method improves the penetration of the pulp solution into the chips or other waste and reduces lignin, extracts and other waste in the pulp.
    [0005] The additive can be lipohydrophilic polyglycerols. The additive can be selected from lipohydrophilic polyglycerols, polyglycerol derivatives or other glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers and any combination thereof. Glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers can be linear, branched, hyper-branched, dendritic, cyclic and any combinations of these. The additive can be added to the white solution in an amount of less than 1% based on the dry weight of the chips and / or 0.05 to 0.001% based on the dry weight of the chips. The additive of branched structures improves the penetration of chemical agents in the digestion of wood chips. The number of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions can be balanced to increase the penetration of the digestion of chemicals in wood chips. The additive can reduce the amount of lignin in the pulp produced by at least 0.5%. The digestion process can be selected from the list consisting of: Kraft digestion, sulfide digestion by cooking, mechanical digestion, and pulps designed for conversion to synthetic fibers such as dissolving grade pulps. The white solution can also include additional surfactant (s). Glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers can be used in combination with anthraquinone, anthraquinone derivatives, quinone derivatives, polysulfide and the like and any combinations thereof. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0006] A detailed description of the present patent application will be made from this point with specific reference to the drawings in which: Figure 1 is an illustration of the glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymer; Figure 2 is an illustration of the basic structural units; Figure 3 are the kappa numbers for the digestion of aged wood shavings; Figure 4 shows the waste from the digestion of aged wood chips; and Figure 5 are the kappa numbers for the digestion of fresh wood chips; Detailed Description of the Invention DEFINITIONS
    [0007] For the purposes of this patent application, the definition of these terms is as follows: • "Alkoxylate Group" means that the carbon bonded in single bond and the group containing oxygen connected to a glycerol monomer in a polyoxyalkylene polymer to glycerol base, as described in U.S. Patent 5,728,265. • “Branched” means a polymer having branched points that connect three or more segments in a chain. The degree of branching can be determined by 13C NMR based on the method known in the literature described in Macromolecules, 1999, 32, 4240. • "Cyclic" means a polymer having cyclic or ring structures. Cyclic structure units can be formed by intermolecular cyclization or any other means of incorporation. • “Extracts” means wood extracts that contain resin acids, fatty acids, sterols and sterol esters. • “Interface” means the surface forming a boundary between the wood chips phase and the solution phase passing through digestion. Surfactants facilitate the delivery of chemicals to the interface. • “Glycerol-based polymers” means any polymer containing repeated units of glycerol monomers, such as polyglycerols, polyglycerol derivatives and a polymer consisting of glycerol monomer units and at least other monomer units for other multiple monomer units independent of the sequence of arrangements of monomer units. • “Hyper-branched” means a polymer, which is highly branched with tree-like three-dimensional structures or dendritic architecture. • “Kappa number” means a measure of the degree of delignification that occurs during digestion, as determined according to the principles and methodology defined in the scientific article: Kappa Variability Roundtable: Kappa Measurement, 1993 Pulping Conference Proceedings, by Fuller WS, (1993 ), TAPPI Technical Paper. • “Glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers” means glycerol-based polymers having lipophilic and hydrophilic functionalities, for example, lipohydrophilic polyglycerols resulting from lipophilic modification of polyglycerols (hydrophilic) in which at least part of the entire lipophilic character of the polymer results from a group containing lipophilic carbon connected to the polymer, but not being an alkoxylate group, the lipophilic modification being like alkylation and esterification modifications.
    [0008] In the event that the above definitions or descriptions stated elsewhere in this patent application are inconsistent with a meaning (explicit or implicit) that is commonly used, in a dictionary, or stated in an embedded source as a reference to this application of patent, the particular application and terms claimed are understood to be interpreted according to the definition or description in this patent application, and not according to the common dictionary definition, or definition incorporated by reference. In view of the above, in case a term can only be understood if it is interpreted through a dictionary, if the term is defined by the Kirk-Otmar Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th Edition [5th Edition], (2005), (Published by Wiley, John & Sons, Inc.) this definition should control how the term is defined in the claims. NARRATIVE
    [0009] In at least one application, an additive is added to the white solution in the process of digesting wood chips, which improves the yield of the pulp. The additive contains an effective amount of lipohydrophilic polyglycerol solution. The solution is compatible and stable both at high temperatures and in the presence of a highly alkaline environment. The additive solution can be used in a number of digestion processes including Kraft, sulphite pulp, mechanical pulp and for the pulps designed for conversion to synthetic fibers (such as solvent-grade pulps).
    [0010] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers are produced from polyglycerols, according to previously known techniques such as alkylation of polyols, as described in German patent application DE 10,307,172 A1, na Canadian patent CA 2,613,704 A1, US patent 6,228,416 and scientific article Polymer International, 2003, 52, 1600-1604 and similar documents.
    [0011] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers are produced according to the prior techniques known as esterification of glycerol-based polyols, as described in U.S. patent 2,023,388, US patent application 2006/0286052 A1 published and similar documents. The esterification can be carried out with or without a catalyst such as acid (s) or base (s).
    [0012] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers are produced according to known prior techniques, such as alkylation, esterification and any combinations thereof.
    [0013] In at least one application, the glycerol-based polymers used to produce the corresponding lipohydrophilic polymers are from commercially available suppliers, syntheses according to known prior techniques, as described in U.S. Patent 3,637,774, 5,198. 532 and 6,765,082 B2, published US patent application 2008/0306211 A1 and US patent application 12 / 582,827 or any of its combinations.
    [0014] Without being limited to theory, it is believed that an advantage of using glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers is the balance, particularly advantageous, between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, which are especially suitable for the surface area of wood chips, in the white solution environment. This balance allows the additive to occupy the correct position with respect to the wood chip surface and deliver greater amounts of digestion chemicals to the wood chips than other less balanced surfactants.
    [0015] Glycerol-based polymers, having both lipophilic and hydrophilic portions, are not new. They are at least something mentioned in polyoxyalkylene polymers, described in US patent 5,728,265. In these polymers of the prior art, an alkyl group is located in the alkoxylate group, resulting from one of the polyglycerol monomers. In the present application, however, the lipophilic character of the polymer results from a lipophilic group containing carbon attached to a polymer, but not being located in an alkoxylate group. As subsequent data shows, this produces unexpectedly superior results.
    [0016] In addition, the branched nature and the three-dimensional distribution resulting from the particular regions of the glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers, allows them to be better at the interface and deliver digestion chemicals in the wood chips in a better way.
    [0017] In at least one application, the digestion aid is glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers, including lipohydrophilic polyglycerols, lipohydrophilic polyglycerol derivatives and other glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers, consisting of at least one unit of glycerol monomer and less other multiple monomer units regardless of the arrangements of the monomer units.
    [0018] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers can be linear, branched, hyper-branched, dendritic, cyclic and any combination of these.
    [0019] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers have the basic structure illustrated in figure 1. According to this structure, m, n, o, p, q, and r are, independently, any number of 0 and integers between 1-700, and R and R 'are (CH2) nen can independently be 1 or 0 each. In figure 1 each R1 is independently H or a functional group C1-C40, but at least one R1 is not H. R1, it can be saturated, unsaturated, linear, branched, hyper-branched, dendritic, cyclic or any combination of these.
    [0020] In at least one application, glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers can be produced from glycerol-based polyols according to prior art known for alkylation, esterification and any combinations thereof.
    [0021] In at least one application, the polyglycerols used to produce lipohydrophilic polyglycerols are from commercially available sources, the synthesis according to known prior art as described above or any combinations thereof.
    [0022] In at least one application, the additive reduces the surface tension at the wood chips-white solution interface, substantially while within a dosage of only 0.005-0.008 weight% of additive in relation to the weight of the wood chips.
    [0023] In at least one application, the additive reduces the surface tension of water from 71.9 Nm / g (in the absence of any additive) to 23.5-26.8 Nm / g.
    [0024] In at least one application, the additive solution reduces the kappa number of the resulting pulp.
    [0025] In at least one application, the amount of additive required is much less than comparable surfactants as described in United States patent 7,081,183.
    [0026] In at least one application, the additive improves the level of waste reduction from 26 to 62% compared to previous surfactants as described in United States patent 7,081,183.
    [0027] In at least one application, the additive can be used with other additives such as anthraquinone, anthraquinone derivatives, quinone derivatives, polysulfide and the like.
    [0028] In at least one application, the additive is an effective adjuvant for the desrenization and delignification, in the improvement of the wood chip cooking processes. EXAMPLES
    [0029] The above information can be better understood by reference to the following Examples, which are presented for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present patent application: Example 1: Glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers
    [0030] Glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers are synthesized from glycerol-based polyols, according to known prior techniques described in the narrative section. The glycerol-based polyols used in the syntheses are listed in Table 1, and the molecular weights (MW) were determined by a standard “borate” SEC method (size exclusion chromatography) and reported as average molecular weights, weights based on in the calibration system of narrow MW standards of PEG / PEO. Table 1: Glycerol-based polyols - Used for Synthesis of Lipohydrophilic Polymers *
    * LHPG-lipohydrophilic polyglycerol; PG-polyglycerol. Example 2: Solubility Test
    [0031] Diluted samples (1:20 dilution) were added to 23.5 mL of 10% NaOH solution, which was preheated for 15 minutes in a water bath at 80 ° C. The samples were added in three doses: 0.025, 0.050 and 0.100 mL based on the product. The solubility was checked right after the addition. Then, the samples were heated for another 15 minutes in a water bath at 80 ° C and again checked for solubility. In addition, the solubility was checked, too, after the samples had cooled. Solubility was classified based on the clarity of vision of the samples tested. Example 3: Surface tension
    [0032] The surface tension was measured with the Kruss - K12 processor tensiometer. All samples were tested at 0.5% consistency. Example 4: Kappa number and tailings
    [0033] Fresh and aged wood shavings from a Midwest mill were used. The cooking experiments were carried out on 20g of wood in a ratio of 4: 1 of solution and wood, with a load of 15% alkaline and 25% sulfide. Alkali originates from sodium hydroxide (70%) and sodium sulfide (30%). A weak black solution (~ 20% solids) was used to compose the liquid. Digester additives (glycerol-based lipohydrophilic polymers) were added to the black solution, which was mixed well and then combined with the white solution. All cooking started at 55 ° C and the temperature rapidly increased to 170 ° C, for a total cooking time of 3 hours. After that, the cooking capsules were placed under cold running water for approximately 10 minutes. The contents were then transferred to gauze and squeezed under hot water to remove most of the cooking solution. The pulp was then diluted with tap water to reach 800 mL and disintegrated in a Waring mixer for 30 seconds. The resulting slurry was transferred to gauze and washed three times with 800 ml of hot tap water. The pulp was broken by hand into small pieces and all the tailings were removed. The resulting pulp was dried in the oven overnight and weighed. The pulp was allowed to dry in the CTH room for 4 days until it reached an average consistency of 92%. Kappa numbers were determined using the TAPPI T 236 test method.
    [0034] The samples were prepared from lipohydrophilic polyglycerols and were compared with a prior art alkyl polyethylene glycol surfactant material (DVP6000) described in US patent 7,081,183B2, and a surfactant-free control sample.
    [0035] Table 2 compares the solubility of lipohydrophilic polyglycerol and the surfactant of the prior art. The data demonstrate that in environments with high pH, lipohydrophilic polyglycerols are more soluble and, therefore, for an equal amount of added surfactant, the additive of the present patent application provides more surfactant at the interface. Table 2: Solubility Test *
    * Concentration of the products used: DVP6000 in 16%, LHPG1 in 50% and LHPG2 in 50%; Classification: 1 = more soluble and 5 = less soluble.
    [0036] Table 3 compares the surface tension of lipohydrophilic polyglycerols and a surfactant from the prior art. Lipohydrophilic polyglycerols dramatically decrease the surface tension of water and the surface tension of LHPGs is significantly less than that of the prior art surfactant. Table 3: Surface Tension

    [0037] The digestion performance of various lipohydrophilic polyglycerols with fresh and aged wood shavings was evaluated and listed in Table 4 and Table 5. The data makes it clear that the lipohydrophilic polyglycerols of the present patent application provide lower Kappa numbers than surfactants of the prior art, even when used in much lower dosages. In particular, it is noted that the prior art provided only 3 and 6% improvement on average over control, while the formulations of the present invention patent application, on average, resulted in 9 to 19% improvement, for a wide range of applications. variety of dosages with fresh and aged wood shavings, respectively. In addition, lipohydrophilic polyglycerols reduce digestion waste from wood chips, on average, more than 47%, while the prior art surfactant did not improve the reduction of cooking waste (Table 4). Table 4: Performance of the Digestion of Aged Wood Shavings
    Table 5: Performance of Fresh Wood Chip Digestion


    [0038] Although the present application for a patent can be applied in many different ways, preferred applications specific to the present application for a patent are shown in the drawings and described in detail here. The present disclosure is an example of the principles of the present patent application and is not intended to limit the present patent application to the particular applications illustrated. All patents, patent applications, scientific articles and any other referenced materials mentioned in this document are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In addition, the present application for a patent encompasses any possible combination of some or all of the various applications described and incorporated herein.
    [0039] It is understood that all the variations and parameters disclosed here cover any and all sub-variations included here, and each number between the outcomes. For example, a variation mentioned from “1 to 10” is considered to include any and all sub-variations between (and inclusive) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subvariations that start with a minimum value of 1 or more (for example, 1 to 6.1), ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (for example, 2.3 to 9.4, 3 to 8, 4 to 7) and, finally, for each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 contained within this variation.
    [0040] The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. This description will suggest many variations and alternatives for those with common skill in this technique. It is intended that all these alternatives and variations are included within the scope of the claims, where the term "comprising" means "including, but not limited to". Those familiar with the technique can recognize other equivalents of the specific applications described here, whose equivalents are also intended to be considered by the claims.
    This completes the description of the preferred and alternative applications of the present application. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents for the specific application described here whose equivalents are intended to be considered by the claims attached hereto.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [0001]
    1. “METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN WOODEN EDGE”, the method consisting of cooking the wood chips in a white solution to form the paper pulp and including at least one polymer additive based on lipohydrophilic glycerol in the white solution, characterized in that the method improves the penetration of the pulp solution into the shavings and the like and reduces the levels of lignin, extracts and tailings in the paper pulp and in which the additive is a polymer based on lipo glycerol - hydrophilic, having branched and cyclic structures, according to the structure:
    [0002]
    2. "METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN WOOD FINISH", according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is added to the white solution in an amount of less than 1% based on the dry weight of the chips.
    [0003]
    3. “METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN WOOD FINISH”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive is added to the white solution in an amount of 0.05 to 0.001% based on the dry weight of the shavings.
    [0004]
    4. “METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN WOODEN EDGE”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the digestion process is selected from the list consisting of: Kraft digestion, digestion by cooking with sulfite, mechanical digestion and for pulps designed for conversion to synthetic fibers, such as dissolution grade pulps.
    [0005]
    5. "METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN THE WOODEN EDGE", according to claim 1, characterized in that the white solution can also comprise additional surfactant (s).
    [0006]
    6. “METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PENETRATION OF THE COOKING SOLUTION IN WOODEN MACHINES”, according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymers based on lipohydrophilic glycerol can be used in combination with anthraquinone, derived from anthraquinone, derived from quinone, polysulfide and the like and any combinations thereof.
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    US8366877B2|2013-02-05|
    EP2545217B1|2021-07-21|
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    PT2545217T|2021-09-29|
    EP2545217A4|2016-07-20|
    CA2792626C|2018-03-27|
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    法律状态:
    2017-11-14| B12F| Other appeals [chapter 12.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/720,973|US8366877B2|2010-03-10|2010-03-10|Lipohydrophilic glycerol based polymers as digestion aids for improving wood pulping processes|
    US12/720,973|2010-03-10|
    PCT/US2011/027727|WO2011112703A2|2010-03-10|2011-03-09|Lipohydrophilic glycerol based polymers as digestion aids for improving wood pulping processes|
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