巴西专利BR112012020166B1 surgical instrument

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专利摘要:
EXTERNAL SHEATH AND BLADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. In various embodiments, a surgical instrument is provided for operation in an aqueous environment. In at least one embodiment, the surgical instrument (100) may include a hollow sheath (230), a blade (200) disposed at least partially in the hollow sheath and extending through an opening (231) in the sheath, and at least an ultrasonic transducer (115) operatively coupled to the blade. The blade may include a polygonal shape in cross section and the tip (202) may project away from the longitudinal axis (A-A) of the sheath. In another embodiment, the surgical instrument (1100) may include a blade (1200) with suction (240) disposed therethrough and at least one ultrasonic transducer (115) operatively coupled to the blade. The blade may include a cutting edge (1205) that is positioned over the blade opening (1204). In addition, the cutting edge may protrude away from the longitudinal axis of the blade.
公开号:BR112012020166B1
申请号:R112012020166-2
申请日:2011-02-09
公开日:2021-05-04
发明作者:Galen C. Robertson；Matthew C. Miller；Prasanna Malaviya
申请人:Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Background
[0001] The present invention relates, in general, to ultrasonic surgical systems and, more particularly, to ultrasonic systems that allow surgeons to perform tissue cutting and coagulation.
[0002] Over the years, a variety of different types of scalpels not equipped with ultrasonic motors and shaving or hair removal devices for performing surgical procedures have been developed. Some of these devices employ a rotary cutting instrument and other devices employ a reciprocating cutting element. For example, razors are widely used in arthroscopic surgery Arthroscopic surgery involves performing surgery in the joint space. To perform the surgery, the joints are commonly filled with pressurized saline solution for distension and visualization.
[0003] These aforementioned devices generally consist of a power supply, a handpiece and an end actuator. The end actuator commonly has an inner and outer tube. The inner tube rotates relative to the outer tube and will cut tissue with its sharp edges. The inner tube may continuously rotate or oscillate. Furthermore, such a device may employ a suction channel which runs through the interior of the inner tube. For example, US Patent No. 4,970,354 to McGurk-Burleson, et al. discloses a surgical cutting instrument not equipped with an ultrasonic motor that comprises a rotary cutter for cutting material by shear action. It employs an inner cutting element that is swiveling, contained within an outer tube.
[0004] U.S. Patent No. 3,776,238 to Peyman et al. features an ophthalmic instrument in which tissue is cut by a cutting action defined by the sharp end of an inner tube moving against the inner surface of the end of an outer tube. US Patent No. 5,226,910 to Kajiyama et al. shows another surgical cutting instrument having an inner element which moves relative to an outer element to cut tissue entering through an opening in the outer element.
[0005] U.S. Patent No. 4,922,902 to Wuchinich et al. presents a method and apparatus for endoscopic tissue removal using an ultrasonic aspirator. The device uses an ultrasonic probe that disintegrates soft tissue and aspirates it through a narrow orifice. US Patent No. 4,634,420 to Spinosa et al. features an apparatus and method for removing tissue from an animal and includes an elongated instrument that has a needle or probe, which is vibrated at an ultrasonic frequency in the lateral direction. The ultrasonic movement of the needle breaks tissue into fragments. Pieces of tissue can be removed from the treatment area by aspiration through a conduit in the needle. US Patent No. 3,805,787 to Banko presents yet another ultrasonic instrument that has a probe that is shielded to narrow the beam of ultrasonic energy radiated from the probe tip. In one embodiment the shield extends beyond the free end of the probe to prevent the probe from coming into contact with tissue. US Patent No. 5,213,569 to Davis discloses a phacoemulsification needle that focuses ultrasonic energy. Focusing surfaces can be beveled, curved or faceted. US Patent No. 6,984,220 to Wuchinich and US Patent Publication No. 2005/0177184 to Easley disclose ultrasonic tissue dissection systems that provide combined longitudinal and torsional motion through the use of longitudinal-torsional resonators. US Patent Publication No. 2006/0030797 A1 to Zhou et al. features an orthopedic surgical device that has a drive motor to drive an ultrasound transducer and horn. An adapter is provided between the drive motor and transducer to provide ultrasonic energy signals to the transducer.
[0006] While the use of surgical instruments equipped with ultrasonic motors provide several advantages over saws, drills and other instruments equipped with traditional mechanical motors, the temperature increase in bone and adjacent tissues due to frictional heating at the bone/tissue interface can still be a significant problem. Current surgical tools for arthroscopy include perforators, reciprocating shavers, and radio frequency (RF) devices. Mechanical devices such as punches and shavers create minimal tissue damage, but can sometimes leave torn cut lines, which are undesirable. RF devices can create smoother cut lines and also excise large volumes of soft tissue; however, they tend to create more tissue damage than mechanical means. Therefore, devices that can provide improved cutting accuracy while forming smooth cutting surfaces without creating excessive tissue damage are desirable.
[0007] The foregoing discussion is only intended to illustrate the present field and should not be taken as a disapproval of the scope of the claim. summary
[0008] In various modalities, a surgical instrument is provided. In at least one embodiment, the surgical instrument can comprise a hollow sheath including an aperture, a blade disposed at least partially within the hollow sheath and extending through the aperture, and at least one ultrasonic transducer operatively coupled to the blade. In these embodiments, the hollow sheath may define a longitudinal axis, and the blade may comprise a tip and a cross-sectional shape adjacent to the tip which is a polygon. Furthermore, in these modes, the tip may protrude away from the longitudinal axis.
[0009] In at least one embodiment, a surgical instrument is provided that may comprise a blade defining a longitudinal axis, a suction port and at least one ultrasonic transducer operatively coupled to the blade. In these embodiments, the blade may comprise a distal end, a lumen, a first opening adjacent the distal end and a first cutting edge positioned over the first opening. Additionally, in these embodiments, the first opening can communicate with the lumen. Additionally, the first cutting edge may protrude away from the longitudinal axis. Furthermore, in these embodiments, the blade is configured to allow the application of suction from the suction port to the first opening.
[00010] In at least one embodiment, a surgical instrument is provided which may comprise a blade defining a longitudinal axis, a suction port and at least one ultrasonic transducer operatively coupled to the blade. In these embodiments, the blade may comprise a distal end, a lumen, a first opening, a first cutting edge positioned over the first opening, a second opening and a second cutting edge positioned over the second opening. Additionally, in these embodiments, the first opening and the second opening can communicate with the lumen. Additionally, the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge may protrude away from the longitudinal axis and the second cutting edge may be proximal to the first cutting edge. Furthermore, in these embodiments, the blade is configured to allow the application of suction from the suction port to the first opening. Brief Description of Figures
[00011] The innovative features of the modalities described herein are particularly demonstrated in the attached claims. The modalities, however, both as to the organization and the methods of operation may be better understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings as follows.
[00012] Figure 1 is a schematic view of a non-limiting modality of a surgical control system modality.
[00013] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a non-limiting modality of a portable surgical instrument that employs a blade and a hollow sheath.
[00014] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a distal portion of the surgical instrument of Figure 2.
[00015] Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the surgical instrument of figure 2, taken along line 3A-3A in figure 3.
[00016] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the distal portion of the surgical instrument of Figure 2.
[00017] Figure 5 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the distal portion of the surgical instrument of Figure 2.
[00018] Figure 6 is a side view of a distal portion of the blade of the surgical instrument of Figure 2.
[00019] Figure 6A is a cross-sectional view of the blade of figure 6, taken along line 6A-6A; hatching has been omitted for clarity.
[00020] Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a non-limiting modality of a portable surgical instrument that employs a blade with suction applied to it.
[00021] Figure 8 is a perspective view of a distal portion of the surgical instrument of figure 7.
[00022] Figure 9 is a front view of a distal portion of the surgical instrument of figure 7.
[00023] Figure 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the blade of the surgical instrument of Figure 7; the blade is shown cutting tissue to create tissue fragments that are subsequently evacuated by suction in a proximal direction.
[00024] Figure 11 is a perspective view of a distal portion of the blade of the surgical instrument of Figure 7; the blade is shown vibrating with ultrasonic movements.
[00025] Figure 12 illustrates the use of the surgical instrument of figure 7 in conjunction with performing a discectomy.
[00026] Figure 13 illustrates additional use of the surgical instrument of figure 7 in conjunction with performing a discectomy.
[00027] Figure 14 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a distal portion of the blade of the surgical instrument of Figure 7.
[00028] Figure 15 is a front view of the distal portion of the blade of figure 12.
[00029] Figure 16 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the distal portion of the blade of the surgical instrument of Figure 7.
[00030] Figure 17 is a front view of the distal portion of the blade of figure 14.
[00031] Figure 18 is a side cross-sectional view of a distal portion of the blade of Figure 14; the blade is shown cutting tissue to create tissue fragments that are subsequently evacuated by suction in a proximal direction. Detailed Description
[00032] The owner of this application is also the owner of the following US patent applications which were filed on the same date as this application and which are hereby incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:
[00033] U.S. Patent Application Serial No., entitled ULTRASONICALLY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATING CUTTING IMPLEMENT, Attorney Precedent No. END6688USNP/090341;
[00034] U.S. Patent Application Serial No., entitled METHODS OF USING ULTRASONICALLY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE CUTTING IMPLEMENTS, Attorney Precedent No. END6689USNP/090342;
[00035] U.S. Patent Application Serial No., entitled SEAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ULTRASONICALLY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Attorney Precedent No. END6690USNP/090343;
[00036] U.S. Patent Application Serial No., entitled ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE BLADE AND HOLLOW SHEATH ARRANGEMENTS, Attorney Precedent No. END6691USNP/090344;
[00037] Application for US patent serial number No., entitled ROTATABLE CUTTING IMPLEMENT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, Attorney Precedent No. END6692USNP/090345;
[00038] U.S. patent application Serial No., entitled ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH PARTIALLY ROTATING BLADE AND FIXED PAD ARRANGEMENT, Attorney Precedent No. END6693USNP/090346;
[00039] U.S. Patent Application Serial No., entitled DUAL PURPOSE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR CUTTING AND COAGULATING TISSUE, Attorney Precedent No. END6694USNP/090347;
[00040] Application for serial number of US patent no., entitled ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MOVING CUTTING IMPLEMENT, Lawyer Precedent No. END6687USNP/090349; and
[00041] US Patent Serial Number Application No., entitled ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH COMB-LIKE TISSUE TRIMMING DEVICE, Attorney Precedent No. END6686USNP/090367.
[00042] Certain embodiments will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of structure, function, fabrication and use of the devices and methods presented in the present invention. One or more examples of three modalities are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and that the scope of the various embodiments is defined only by the claims. Features illustrated or described in relation to one embodiment may be combined with features from other embodiments. Furthermore, where an ordering of steps in a process is indicated, these orderings can be rearranged or the steps can be performed contemporaneously as desired unless illogical or if the order mentioned is explicitly required. These modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
[00043] In the following description, like reference characters designate corresponding or like parts across multiple views. In addition, in the following description, it should be understood that terms such as "forward", "back", "front", "previous", "right", "left", "over", "under", "top", "bottom", "upward", "downward", "proximally", "distally", and the like are words of convenience and should not be considered as limiting terms. The description below is intended to describe various embodiments and is not intended to limit the appended claims.
[00044] Various modalities are directed towards improved ultrasonic surgical systems and instruments configured for performing dissection, cutting and/or coagulation during surgical procedures as well as the cutting implements employed thereby. In one modality, an ultrasonic surgical instrument apparatus is configured for use in open surgical procedures, but has applications in other types of surgery, such as laparoscopy, endoscopy, and robot-assisted procedures. Versatile use is facilitated by selective use of ultrasonic energy and/or suction applied close to and/or through the cutting/clotting implement.
[00045] It should be recognized that the terms "proximal" and "distal" are used in the present invention with reference to a handpiece assembly held by a clinician. In this way, an end actuator, including for example the cutting/clotting implement, is distal with respect to the most proximal handpiece assembly. It should further be recognized that, for the sake of convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as "top" and "bottom" are also used in the present invention in relation to the clinician holding the handpiece assembly. However, surgical instruments can be used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
[00046] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a surgical system 10 of the present invention. The surgical system 10 can include an ultrasonic generator 12 and an ultrasonic surgical instrument assembly 100 that can include ultrasound producing components. As discussed in greater detail below, ultrasonic generator 12 may be connected by cable 14 to ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 to a compartment portion 102 of surgical instrument assembly 100. Transducer assembly 114 may include one or more ultrasonic transducers capable of producing ultrasonic vibrations. Additionally, attached to ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 may have a horn 124 for amplifying and/or focusing ultrasonic movements created by transducer assembly 114. A blade 200 may be coupled to horn 124 disposed at least partially with a hollow, outer sheath 230 extending from housing portion 102. In at least one embodiment, horn 124 and blade 200 may be unitary and integrally formed of the same piece of material. In another embodiment, the horn 124 and blade 200 may be separate components that are fastened together.
[00047] In various modes, the ultrasonic generator 12 can include an ultrasonic generator module 13 and a signal generator module 15. See Figure 1. The ultrasonic generator module 13 and/or the signal generator module 15 can be integrated with the ultrasonic generator 12 or can be supplied as separate circuit modules electrically coupled to ultrasonic generator 12 (shown in dashed line to illustrate this option). In one embodiment, the signal generator module 15 may be formed integrally with the ultrasonic generator module 13. The ultrasonic generator 12 may comprise an input device 17 located on a front panel of the generator console 12. The input device 17 may comprise any suitable device that generates signals suitable for programming the operation of generator 12 in a known manner. Still referring to Figure 1, cable 14 may comprise multiple electrical conductors, such as copper wires, for applying electrical energy to the positive (+) and negative (-) electrodes of an ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 as will be discussed in larger details below.
[00048] Various forms of ultrasonic generators, ultrasonic generator modules and signal generator modules are known. For example, such devices are disclosed in US Patent Application Serial No. 12/503,770 entitled Rotating Transducer Mount For Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments, filed July 15, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its totality. Other such devices are disclosed in one or more of the following US patents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference: US Patent No. 6,480,796 (Method for Improving the Start Up of an Ultrasonic System Under Zero Load Conditions); US Patent No. 6,537,291 (Method for Detecting a Loose Blade in a Handle Connected to an Ultrasonic Surgical System); US Patent No. 6,626,926 (Method for Driving an Ultrasonic System to Improve Acquisition of Blade Resonance Frequency at Startup); US Patent No. 6,633,234 (Method for Detecting Blade Breakage Using Rate and/or Impedance Information); US Patent No. 6,662,127 (Method for Detecting Presence of a Blade in an Ultrasonic System); US Patent No. 6.678,621 (Output Displacement Control Using Phase Margin in an Ultrasonic Surgical Handle); US Patent No. 6.679,899 (Method for Detecting Transverse Vibrations in an Ultrasonic Handle); US Patent No. 6,908,472 (Apparatus and Method for Altering Generator Functions in an Ultrasonic Surgical System); US Patent No. 6,977,495 (Detection Circuitry for Surgical Handpiece System); US Patent No. 7,077,853 (Method for Calculating Transducer Capacitance to Determine Transducer Temperature); US Patent No. 7,179,271 (Method for Driving an Ultrasonic System to Improve Acquisition of Blade Resonance Frequency at Startup); and US Patent No. 7,273,483 (Apparatus and Method for Alerting Generator Function in an Ultrasonic Surgical System).
[00049] As can be seen in Figure 2, an ultrasonic surgical instrument 100 may comprise a housing 102 that houses the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 and the horn 124. The transducer assembly 114 can be supported fixed within the housing 102 by mounts 104 Extending from horn 124 may be blade 200, which passes through hollow sheath 230 to a window or opening 231 defined therein. As shown in Figure 2, a distal tip 202 of blade 200 can be seen through opening 231 in a distal portion 250 of surgical instrument 100. Blade tip 202 and/or distal portion 250 of surgical instrument 100 can be considered the “end actuator” of instrument 100. As will be explained in more detail below, blade 200 can cut tissue when the instrument is moved, relative to tissue, in a proximal “PD” direction or a parallel “DD” distal direction to, or coaxial with, the longitudinal axis AA of the hollow sheath, in a direction transverse to it, or in any direction therefrom. Compartment 102 can be provided in two or more parts that are secured together by fasteners like screws, pressure features, etc. and/or by one or more adhesives and may be produced from, for example, polycarbonate, stainless steel or other material.
[00050] Still referring to Figure 2, the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 may include a housing 118 that supports piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers 115 for converting electrical energy to mechanical energy that results in a longitudinal vibrational movement of the ends of the transducers 115. The transducers Ultrasonics 115 may comprise a stack of ceramic piezoelectric elements with a zero point of motion located at some point along the stack. Ultrasonic transducers 115 can be mounted between a proximal end piece 116 and a distal end piece 117. Additionally, the horn 124 can be mounted to the distal end piece 117 at the null point on one side and to the blade 200 on the other side. As a result, the blade 200 will vibrate in the longitudinal direction at an ultrasonic frequency rate with the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114. The ends of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 achieve maximum movement with a portion of the stack constituting a motionless node when the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 is driven at maximum current at the transducer's resonant frequency. However, the current providing the maximum movement will vary with each instrument and is a value stored in the instrument's non-volatile memory for the system to use.
[00051] The parts of the surgical instrument 100 can be produced so that the combination oscillates at the same resonant frequency. In particular, the elements can be adjusted so that the resulting length of each given element is half the wavelength, or a multiple of it. The back and forth movement is amplified as the diameter near the blade 200 of the acoustic mounting horn 124 decreases. In this way, the horn 124 as well as the blade 200 can be shaped and sized so that they amplify blade movement and provide ultrasonic vibration in resonance with the rest of the acoustic system, which produces the maximum back and forth movement of an end. from the acoustic mount horn 124 next to the blade 200. A 20 to 25 micron movement in the ultrasonic transducers 115 can be amplified by the horn 124 at a blade movement of about 40 to 100 microns.
[00052] Referring briefly back to Figure 1, when power is applied to the ultrasonic instrument 110 by a switch arrangement, the ultrasonic generator 12 can, for example, cause the blade 200 to vibrate longitudinally at approximately 55.5 kHz, and the amount of longitudinal movement will vary proportionally with the amount of drive power (current) applied, as selected by user adjustment. When relatively high cutting energy is applied, the blade 200 can be designed to move longitudinally in the range of about 40 to 100 microns at the ultrasonic vibratory rate. Such ultrasonic vibration of the blade 200 will generate heat as the blade comes into contact with the tissue, ie, the acceleration of the blade 200 through the tissue converts the mechanical energy of the moving blade 200 into thermal energy in a very narrow and localized area. This localized heat creates a narrow zone of clotting, which will reduce or eliminate bleeding into small vessels, such as these smaller than a millimeter in diameter. The cutting efficiency of the blade 200, as well as the degree of homeostasis, will vary with the level of actuation energy applied, the cutting rate or force applied by the surgeon to the blade, the nature of the tissue type, and the vascularization of the fabric.
[00053] Again with reference to figure 2, the surgical instrument 100, and thus the blade 200, can be crudely moved by a user, relative to the tissue to be cut. For use in the present invention, the term "gross motion" and the like is to be distinguished from "ultrasonic motion," and the like, which can be achieved by means of the ultrasonic transducer assembly. The term "gross motion" however encompasses rotational motion that is not solely generated by the operation of the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114.
[00054] To supply power to the ultrasonic instrument 110 of the ultrasonic generator 12 (see figure 1), a flexible wire tray or a multi-segment assembly protector 110 can be employed. As seen in Figure 2, leads 151 and 152 are coupled to ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 and extend out of the instrument through housing 102. Additionally, shield 110 can be attached to instrument housing 102 at one end and to the transducer assembly compartment 118 at the other end. Conductors 151 and 152 may pass through one or more holes in the transducer assembly housing. Consequently, ultrasonic signals from ultrasonic generator 12 are transferred to ultrasonic transducers 115 through connectors 151 and 152. Guard 110 can prevent conductors 151 and 152 from being damaged or pinched within compartment 102 when instrument 100 is manufactured, for example.
[00055] Still referring to Fig. 2, various embodiments also include a retainer nozzle 160 that can be removably attached to the distal end of housing 102 by fasteners and/or adhesives (not shown). The gripper nozzle 160 can be manufactured from, for example, stainless steel, aluminum or plastic. In various embodiments, the distal end 202 of the blade 200 extends through a hollow portion 210 of the retainer nozzle 160. The hollow sheath 230 may similarly extend through the hollow portion 210. The hollow portion 210 can include an annular groove in the which a proximal seal 212 may be held against the end of the hollow sheath 230 and against the blade 200. The seal 212 may comprise, for example, a silicone seal ring and/or a braze or press seal, and serve to establish a substantially fluid-tight and/or air-tight seal between gripper nozzle 160, blade 200, and hollow sheath 230.
[00056] Also in various embodiments, the hollow sheath 230 can be coaxially aligned with the blade 200 and be attached to the hollow portion 210 of the clamping nozzle 160 by, for example, welding, snapping, threading, adhering with glue or other adhesives , etc. As seen in Figure 2, a suction port 240 can be attached to the gripper nozzle 160 to communicate with a proximal hole 232 in the hollow sheath 230. A flexible tube 242 can be attached to the suction port 240 and communicate with a collection receptacle 243 which is coupled to a vacuum source, generally shown as 244. In this way, the hollow sheath 230 forms a suction path extending around the blade 200 starting at the distal portion 250 of the outer sheath 230, as in opening 231, and passes through hole 232 of suction port 240. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that alternative suction trajectories are also possible. Additionally, a distal seal 213, similar to the proximal seal 212, may be maintained in the gripper nozzle 160 and may additionally assist in sealing the hollow sheath 230 therein so that the suction path from the opening 231, through the sheath 230, out of the orifice 232 and through port 240 is maintained with minimal or no air intake outside the aforementioned trajectory. Alternatively, a suction port can be omitted from the gripper nozzle and the surgical instrument can operate without suction being applied to opening 231.
[00057] Various modalities of the surgical system 10 (see figure 1) provide the ability to selectively apply ultrasonic axial motion to the blade 200. If desired, the clinician can activate the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 before or while cutting tissue with the blade 200. Frequency rates for longitudinal ultrasonic movement can be in the order of, for example, 30 to 80 kHz. Similarly, the clinician may wish to move instrument 100, and thus blade 200, without activating ultrasonic transducer assembly 114. In this way, gross motion can be applied to blade 200 without applying longitudinal ultrasonic motion thereto. . In other applications, the clinician may wish to use instrument 100 by activating both the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 and by coarsely moving the blade 200 with respect to the tissue to be cut. In such modalities, the blade 200 will experience longitudinal ultrasonic movement of the transducer assembly 114 and gross movement of the clinician's movements. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various modalities of the surgical system 10 can be effectively employed in conjunction with other arthroscopic and other surgical applications.
[00058] The surgical instrument 100 may have several distal portions. Figures 3 and 3A illustrate an example of a distal portion 250 of a non-limiting embodiment of a surgical instrument in which like numbers previously used to describe the various embodiments described above are used to designate like components. Figure 3 is a perspective view of a distal portion of the surgical instrument 250 and Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion 250 taken along line 3A-3A in Figure 3. In these embodiments, the surgical instrument includes a thin, hollow sheath 230 including an aperture 231, a blade 200 disposed at least partially within the hollow sheath 230 and extending through the aperture 231, and at least one ultrasonic transducer (not shown, see transducers 115 in Figure 2) coupled to operating mode to blade 200.
[00059] As can be seen in Figures 3 and 3A, in various embodiments, the blade 200 may comprise a distal tip 202 that projects outward from the longitudinal axis A-A of the sheath to facilitate tissue cutting. In more detail, the distal tip 202 can project a distance L1 from the longitudinal axis A-A of the hollow sheath. The L1 distance can be of a sufficient range to increase the blade's cutting efficiency. In at least one mode, L1 can be at least 0.635 cm (0.25 inches). In another modality, L1 may be less than or equal to 1.905 cm (0.75 inches). In yet another embodiment, L1 may be between, including, 0.635 cm (0.25 inches) and 1.905 cm (0.75 inches), in other words, 0.635 cm < Li < 1.905 cm (%" < Li < %") .
[00060] Additionally, the hollow sheath can be configured to expose various portions of the blade 200 to further facilitate tissue cutting in different situations. For example, still referring to Figure 3, in at least one embodiment, the opening of the sheath 23i may define a plane which crosses the longitudinal axis A-A and which is not transverse to the longitudinal axis. For use herein, the term "transverse" means a right angle to the longitudinal axis. In other words, opening 23i is at an angle to the longitudinal axis, thus exposing the blade only on one side 2i5 of the hollow sheath 230. In such embodiments, the rear portion 2i5 of the blade, which is the side 2i5 opposite the direction of the tip blade 202 protrudes, can be shielded by sheath 230 so that fabric is not unintentionally cut on the particular side 2i5. Additionally, as noted above, sheath 230 can be thin and configured so that it is molded over blade 230. In such embodiments, the clearance between blade 200 and sheath 230 (see Figure 3A) can be minimized.
[00061] Alternatively, referring now to Figure 4, in at least one embodiment, a hollow sheath 330 of a distal portion 350 of the surgical instrument may include an opening 331 that allows the blade 200 to project therethrough while exposing the posterior portion. 215 of the 200 blade to increase the cut surface and/or available edges for cutting fabric. In such embodiments, aperture 331 may define a first plane P1 and a second plane P2 which crosses the first plane, and the blade can extend through the first plane P1. The first plane P1 can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A and, as the second plane P2 crosses the first plane P1, the second plane PP2 can be at an angle to the foreground.
[00062] In another alternative embodiment, a hollow sheath 450 of a distal portion 450 of the surgical instrument may include a protective rim 433 which allows the blade 200 to be further protected from unintended tissue cutting. In greater detail, while the blade may extend through aperture 431, it may still be desirable to prevent tissue from being cut at the back of blade 215. Consequently, protective edge 433 may extend toward tip 202 and away from the axis. longitudinal AA, thus shielding a larger portion of the blade 200 than shown in Figure 3, for example.
[00063] In various embodiments, now referring to figures 6 and 6A, the blade 200 can include various features to improve its cutting and/or coagulating ability. In greater detail, Figure 6 is a side view of a distal portion of the blade 200 and Figure 6A is a cross-sectional view of the blade 200, taken along line 6A-6A. Note that the dashed line is omitted for clarity in Figure 6A. In at least one embodiment, as seen in Figure 6, blade 200 can be curved and adjacent to tip 202. Referring briefly to the preceding Figure 3, blade 200 can be seen curved through aperture 231. blade 200 can allow a smooth cut to be created along blade 200, close to tip 202. More specifically, the blade can be bent by a fixed amount so that the tip protrudes at a certain angle with respect to the axis AA of the hollow stem (see figure 3). Focusing on Figure 6, blade 200 can define a first axis A'-A'. As can be seen in Figure 3A, inside the hollow stem, the first axis A'-A' can be collinear or parallel to the axis A-A of the hollow stem. At any time, referring to Figure 6, blade 200 may also define a second axis B-B through point 202. Second axis A-A may be tangent to the curve of the blade at or near the point. The first and second axes can define an angle θ that is equal to or greater than 60 degrees but equal to or less than 90 degrees. In other words, 60° < θ < 90°. Such a tip angle can provide an improved cutting function of the blade 200.
[00064] The shape of the tip 202 and/or the cross section of the blade can further increase the cutting ability of the blade 200. For example, in various embodiments, now referring to figure 6A, the blade 200 can increase the number of cutting surfaces it presents by employing a cross-sectional shape adjacent to the point 202 which is a polygon. More specifically, in at least one embodiment, the polygonal cross-sectional shape can be a quadrilateral, and more specifically an equilateral rhombus or parallelogram. Colloquially, the diamond shape can be thought of as a diamond shape. Such shapes can allow the blade to have sharp corners, such as the corners 207, 208, 209 and 210 defined between sides 203, 204, 205 and 206, seen in Figure 6A, which form part of the cutting edges of the blade. The degree of sharpness of a vertex, such as vertex 207, can be defined as follows. At an angle α, defined between a diamond side, such as side 203, and a diamond centerline, such as the "CL" centerline, it can be equal to or greater than 10 degrees but equal to or less than 25 degrees. In other words, 10° < α < 25°. By employing such sharp edges, as defined by the vertices of a diamond shape, the blade 200 can reduce the need to be polished.
[00065] Additionally, the cross-sectional shape of the blade may allow the blade to reduce drag through an aqueous fluid or other fluid to better operate in such an environment. For example, in at least one modality, the cross-sectional diamond shape may be longer in one direction and shorter in another. In more detail, the diamond shape can be longer generally in the proximal and distal directions, PD and DD, respectively. Specifically, two of the rhombus's vertices, vertices 207 and 209, can also define a C-C axis, see figure 6A, which is coplanar with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blade, see figure 3A. Consequently, as the blade moves in the proximal and distal, PD and DD directions, respectively, the drag experienced by the blade in a fluid environment is reduced. Additionally, the blade may be thin so that the blade 200 has a width L2, from apex 208 to apex 210, of 0.051 cm (0.020 inches) to 0.10 2 cm (0.040 inches). In other words, 0.0508 cm < L2 < 0.102 cm (0.020" < L2 < 0.040"). In at least one modality, L2 can be 0.076 cm (0.030 inches).
[00066] In various embodiments, the tip 202 may also include a polygonal cross-sectional shape that tapers into a point. For example, in at least one embodiment, with reference to Figure 6, the tip may be pyramid-shaped. Consequently, both the edges and sharp edges of the pyramid-shaped tips can contribute to improved points and/or cutting edges.
[00067] Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the blade 200 may be polygonal along its entire length, or at least along a portion of the blade 200 that also resides within the hollow sheath 230, see figure 3A, for example. By using a uniform cross section over at least a portion of the blade length, manufacturing costs and resources can be reduced.
[00068] Other blade/and or sheath configurations can be employed by a surgical instrument to achieve improved cutting and/or coagulation in a fluid environment. For example, in various modalities, a surgical instrument can utilize suction to enhance the cutting and removal of sectioned tissue from a surgical target. In greater detail, Figures 7 to 11 illustrate an example of a non-limiting embodiment of a surgical instrument 1100 in which like numbers previously used to describe the various embodiments described above are used to designate like components. Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portable surgical instrument 1100 employing a blade 1200 with suction applied thereto. Housing 102, transducer assembly 114, horn 124, and related components may be similar to those described above with respect to surgical instrument 100. At least one ultrasonic transducer, such as transducers 115 in transducer assembly 114, may be operatively coupled to the Blade 1200 through Horn 124. Blade 1200 may define a longitudinal axis AA, also similar to the longitudinal axis AA described above. Additionally, blade 1200 may comprise a body 1201 that defines a lumen 1220 therein and includes a distal end 1202. Adjacent to distal end 1202 may be an aperture 1204 that communicates with lumen 1202. In addition, a first cutting edge 1205 may be positioned over opening 1204. The first cutting edge 1205 may also protrude away from the longitudinal axis AA, to further improve fabric cutting, as explained in more detail below.
[00069] The surgical instrument 1100 may also include a suction port 240 affixed to, or formed with the clamping nozzle 1160. The suction port 240 may communicate with the lumen 1220 via a suction port 1221 formed in the blade 1200, positioned within of gripper nozzle 1160, and aligned with port 240. A flexible tube 242 can be attached to suction port 240 and communicate with a collection receptacle 243 that is coupled to a vacuum source 244. Thus, blade 1200 can form a a suction path extending through blade 1200 that begins at a distal portion 1250 of surgical instrument 1100, such as port 1204, travels along at least a portion of lumen 1220, and passes through suction port 1221 to the port. of suction 240. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that alternative suction trajectories are also possible. Additionally, a proximal seal 1212 and a distal seal 1213 may be held in annular grooves in the retainer nozzle 1160 around the port 240, and may additionally assist in sealing the blade 1200 therein so that the suction path of the opening 1204 through the blade 1200, out of hole 1221 and through port 240 is maintained with minimal or no air intake outside of the aforementioned trajectory. Consequently, blade 1200 is thus configured to allow suction to be applied from suction port 240 to opening 1204.
[00070] Additionally, in at least one embodiment, an external hollow sheath 1230 can be employed that can function as a safety shield to cover at least the cutting edge 1205 and/or opening 1204 of the blade 1200 when introducing and/or removing the surgical instrument 1100 from a surgical site. Retractable hollow sheath 1230 is movably mounted to blade 1200 and can be selectively movable from a closed position substantially covering opening 1204 and/or cutting edge 1205 to an open position exposing opening 1204 (see Figure 8). Such an arrangement can cover cutting edge 1205 and/or opening 1204 in blade 1200 during insertion and removal of blade 1200 adjacent to vital nerves and other critical tissues. To facilitate movement of the hollow sheath 1230 of the blade 1200, a thumb control tab 1232 (FIG. 7) may be formed on the proximal end of the hollow sheath 1230 to allow the clinician to apply sliding actuation forces thereto.
[00071] In various embodiments, different blade configurations can be employed to improve the cutting and evacuation of tissue from a surgical target. Focusing now on the distal portion of the 1250 surgical instrument, best seen in Figure 8, the blade may have a tubular shape. Additionally, the cutting edge 1205 can be seen positioned over the opening 1204 and projecting away from the longitudinal axis A-A of the blade. In at least one such embodiment, now focusing on the front view of the distal portion 1250 provided by Figure 9, the cutting edge can be seen defining an arc. Consequently, tissue, such as vertebral disc tissue, can be cut smoothly and shaped along the arcuate cutting edge 1205.
[00072] Additional details regarding blade 1200 can be found by viewing figures 10 to 11. Figure 10 shows a side cross-sectional view of a distal portion of blade 1200 and figure 11 shows a perspective view of a portion Distal of Blade 1200 Cutting edge 1205 may be defined by a cutting cap 1210 that is integrally formed with blade body 1201 or otherwise secured thereto. As seen in Figure 10, housing 1210 and cutting edge 1205 may project away from the longitudinal axis AA of frame 1201. Additionally, the cross-sectional shape of the housing, seen again in Figure 10, may project at an angle to frame 1201. to better present the cutting edge 1205 to the fabric T. Also, as seen in Figure 10, the cutting edge 1205 of the blade is shown cutting the fabric "T" to create tissue fragments "TF" which are subsequently pulled in through. from opening 1204 and evacuated by suction in a proximal PD direction, as discussed above. Tissue can be cut when blade 1200 is advanced in the distal direction DD so that cutting edge 1205 fits against tissue T or otherwise scrapes the tissue surface. Alternatively, tissue can be sucked into cutting edge 1205 by suction applied to opening 1204. Additionally, with the suction present, TF tissue fragments can be removed from the surgical target area, thereby eliminating or reducing the need for insertion and repeated removal of a patient's surgical instrument. Additionally, as illustrated in figure 11, blade 1200 can vibrate with ultrasonic motions created by one or more ultrasonic transducers 115 (see figure 7) to further accentuate the cutting edge's ability to break and/or excise tissue.
[00073] Focusing again on figure 7, in use, the clinician can activate vacuum source 244 to cut and evacuate tissue. When bleeding is found, the clinician can activate the ultrasonic transducer assembly 114 to send ultrasonic motions to the 1200 blade for clotting purposes. For example, spinal fusion surgeries require removal of material from the disc due to a variety of disease states. This material is often hardened and requires a certain amount of force with conventional instrumentation to break the disc and remove its fragments. Once the disc material is removed, the end plates must be removed to reveal fresh surfaces to promote fusion of the plates to the cage. The boards must also be formatted to provide a good fit with the type of cage being used. Conventional instrumentation generally requires great strength from the surgeon in close proximity to critical structures.
[00074] The use of the surgical instrument described above 1100 can be particularly advantageous when performing, for example, a discectomy as shown in figures 12 and 13. As can be seen in these drawings, the blade 1200 can be inserted into disk "D". The 1200 blade can be used to scrape small pieces of disc and suck them out. Such an arrangement eliminates the need for repeated insertion/removal of surgical tools. The device can also be used to prepare vertebral endplates. By incorporating suction through the 1200 blade, ultrasonic movement to the 1200 blade, and/or unique blade configurations, the amount of input force a clinician must exert to prepare endplates can be reduced. Similarly, the amount of external force required to break and remove material from the disc can be decreased. Additionally, the number of instrumentation changes during a surgical procedure can be reduced.
[00075] The surgical instrument 1100 may have multiple blades from those provided above. For example, Figure 14 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a distal portion of a blade 1300 for the surgical instrument 1100 (see Figure 7) and Figure 15 shows an anterior view of the distal portion of the blade 1300. In at least one embodiment, blade 1300 may be similar to blade 1200 described above except that it may include more than one opening and/or cutting edge, which may be advantageously positioned on the blade. In greater detail, the blade may define a longitudinal axis A-A and may comprise a distal end 1302, a lumen (not shown, see lumen 1220 in Figure 7) and a first opening 1304 adjacent to the distal end 1302 and communicating with the lumen. Blade 1300 may include a first cutting edge 1305 positioned over the first opening 1304 and projecting away from the longitudinal axis A-A, similar to the cutting edge 1204 described above. Additionally, blade 1300 may also include a second aperture 1309 which also communicates with the lumen and a second cutting edge 1306 positioned over the second aperture 1309 and projecting away from the longitudinal axis A-A. First opening 1304 and second opening 1309 can both be in the same relative longitudinal position along blade 1200. In other words, both openings 1304, 1309 can be the same distance from distal end 1302, along longitudinal axis AA, however both openings 1304 and 1309 may be at different angular positions along blade body 1301.
[00076] Adding more than one opening may increase the positions at which blade 1300 can cut tissue. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, blade 1300 may further comprise a third aperture 1307 to further improve blade cutting positions. In greater detail, the third opening may also communicate with the lumen and be positioned in the same longitudinal position as the other openings 1304 and 1309. A third cutting edge 1307 may be positioned over the third opening 1314 and may also protrude away from the longitudinal axis. AA. Each cutting edge 1305, 1306 and 1307 may be defined by a cutting housing 1310, 1311 and 1312 respectively, which may be similar to housing 1210 described above. Additionally, each of the openings 1304, 1309 and 1314, the cutting edges 1305, 1306 and 1307 and/or the shells 1310, 1311 and 1312 can be symmetrical about the longitudinal axis and positioned equidistant from each other. See, for example, figure 15.
[00077] While some of the above modalities have shown one or more cutting edges facing the distal position, the surgical instrument 1100 may include a blade that has one or more cutting edges facing the proximal position. For example, Figure 16 shows a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of a distal portion 1400 of a blade 1400 for the surgical instrument 1100 (see Figure 7), Figure 17 shows an anterior view of the distal portion of the blade 1400, and Figure 18 shows a side cross-sectional view of a distal portion of blade 1400 while blade 1400 is cutting tissue T to create tissue fragments TF that are subsequently evacuated by suction in a proximal direction, similar to that described above. In at least one embodiment, blade 1400 may be similar to blade 1200 described above except that it may include more than one opening and/or cutting edge, which may be juxtaposed to one another.
[00078] In greater detail, the blade may define a longitudinal axis AA and may comprise a distal end 1402, a lumen 1420, and a first opening 1404 adjacent to the distal end 1402 and communicating with lumen 1420. The blade 1400 may include a first cutting edge 1405 positioned over first opening 1404 and projecting away from longitudinal axis AA, similar to cutting edge 1204, described above. Additionally, blade 1400 may also include a second opening 1409 that is proximal to the first opening and/or first cutting edge 1405. Second opening 1409 may also communicate with lumen 1420. Additionally, a second cutting edge 1406 may be positioned thereon. the second opening 1409 and projecting away from the longitudinal axis AA. The first opening 1404 and the second opening 1409 may be at different relative longitudinal positions along the blade 1400 but both are at the same angular position along the structure of the blade 1401. In other words, the openings 1404 and 1409 may be on the same side of blade 1400. In at least one embodiment, cutting edges 1405 and 1406 may be defined by the same cutting housing 1410. In such embodiments, housing 1410 may be positioned over both apertures 1404 and 1409.
[00079] Referring to Fig. 18, tissue can be cut when blade 1400 is advanced in the distal direction DD so that the first distal cutting edge 1405 fits against tissue T or otherwise scrapes the tissue surface. Additionally, tissue may be cut when blade 1400 is raised in the proximal direction so that the second proximal cutting edge 1406 engages against tissue T or otherwise scrapes the tissue surface. Alternatively, the fabric can be sucked into one or more of the cutting edges 1405 and 1406 by suction applied to the openings 1404 and 1409, as described above. Additionally, with the suction present, TF tissue fragments can be removed from the surgical target area, thereby eliminating or reducing the need for repeated insertion and removal of a patient's surgical instrument. Additionally, the 1400 blade can vibrate with ultrasonic motions created by one or more 115 ultrasonic transducers (see figure 7) to further accentuate the cutting edge's ability to break and/or excise tissue.
[00080] The devices described here may be designed to be discarded after a single use, or they may be designed to be used multiple times. In either case, however, the device can be refurbished for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning can include any combination of steps of disassembling the device, followed by cleaning or replacing particular parts, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, the device can be disassembled, in any number of particular parts or parts of the device can be selectively replaced or removed, in any combination. When cleaning and/or replacing particular parts, the device can be reassembled for subsequent use in a reconditioning facility or by a surgical team immediately prior to a surgical procedure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning a device can utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. The use of such techniques, and the resulting refurbished device, are all within the scope of this patent application.
[00081] Preferably, the various modalities described here will be processed prior to surgery. First, a new or used instrument is obtained and, if necessary, cleaned. The instrument can then be sterilized. In a sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK® bag. The container and instrument are then placed in a radiation field that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, X-rays or high energy electrons. Radiation kills bacteria in the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument can then be stored in a sterile container. The sterile container keeps the instrument sterile until it is opened at the medical facility. Sterilization can also be done in a number of ways known to those skilled in the art including beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, and/or steam.
[00082] In various embodiments, an ultrasonic surgical instrument can be provided to a surgeon with a waveguide and/or tip actuator already operably coupled with a transducer of the surgical instrument. In at least one such modality, the surgeon, or other clinician, can remove the surgical instrument from a sterile package, plug the ultrasonic instrument into a generator, as described above, and use the ultrasonic instrument during a surgical procedure. Such a system can obviate the need for a surgeon or other clinician to mount a waveguide and/or tip actuator to the ultrasonic surgical instrument. After the ultrasonic surgical instrument has been used, the surgeon or other clinician can place the surgical instrument in a sealed package, and the package can be transported to a sterilization facility. In the sterilization facility, the ultrasonic instrument can be disinfected, any used part can be discarded and replaced while any reusable part can be sterilized and used again. Consequently, the ultrasonic instrument can be reassembled, tested, placed in a sterile package, and/or sterilized after being placed in a package. Once sterilized, the reprocessed ultrasonic surgical instrument can be used again.
[00083] Although several modalities have been described here, many modifications and variations of those modalities can be implemented. For example, different types of end actuators can be employed. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. The aforementioned description and the following claims are intended to cover all such modifications and variations.
[00084] Any patent, application, or other descriptive material, in whole or in part, which is cited as incorporated herein by reference, is incorporated only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with existing definitions and statements, or with any other descriptive material presented in this description. Accordingly, and to the extent necessary, the description as explicitly stated herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, which is hereby incorporated by reference into the present invention, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other descriptive materials set forth herein will be incorporated herein only to the extent that no conflict. will appear between the embodied material and the existing descriptive material.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[0001]
1. Surgical instrument (100), characterized in that it comprises: a hollow sheath (230) including an opening (231), wherein the hollow sheath (230) defines a longitudinal axis and the opening defines a plane that is not transverse to the longitudinal axis; a blade (200) disposed at least partially within the hollow sheath (230) and extending through the opening, wherein the blade (200) comprises a tip (202) and a cross-sectional shape adjacent to the tip (202) which it is a polygon, and tapers to the pointed point, and where the point (202) projects away from the longitudinal axis; and at least one ultrasonic transducer (114) operatively coupled to the blade (200).
[0002]
2. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening defines a plane that crosses the longitudinal axis and is not transverse to the longitudinal axis.
[0003]
3. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening defines a first plane and a second plane that crosses the first plane, wherein the blade (200) extends through the first plane.
[0004]
4. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow sheath (230) further comprises a protective rim (433) that extends towards the tip (202).
[0005]
5. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip (202) which is at least 0.635 cm (0.25 inch) away from the longitudinal axis, but no more than 1.905 cm (0 .75 inch) away from the longitudinal axis.
[0006]
6. Surgical instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade (200) is curved adjacent to the tip (202), wherein the blade (200) defines a first axis within the hollow sheath (230) and a second axis through the tip (202), where the first and second axis define an angle, and where the angle is equal to or greater than 60 degrees but equal to or less than 90 degrees.
[0007]
7. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip (202) comprises a pyramid shape.
[0008]
8. Surgical instrument (100), according to claim 1, characterized in that the polygon is a quadrilateral.
[0009]
9. Surgical instrument (100), according to claim 8, characterized in that the quadrilateral is a diamond.
[0010]
10. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that the diamond defines an angle between one side of the diamond and a central line of the diamond, where the angle is equal to or greater than 10 degrees, but equal to or less than 25 degrees.
[0011]
11. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that the diamond comprises four vertices (207, 208, 209, 210), in which two of the vertices define an axis that is coplanar with respect to the axis length of the blade.
[0012]
12. Surgical instrument (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises: a suction port (240) that communicates with the hollow sheath (230), wherein the hollow sheath (230) is configured to allow suction to be applied from the suction port (240) to the opening (231).

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

WO2011100338A3|2011-12-08|

CA2789478A1|2011-08-18|

BR112012020166A2|2020-08-25|

JP2013519441A|2013-05-30|

US8579928B2|2013-11-12|

US20140066962A1|2014-03-06|

EP2533707B1|2019-09-18|

US9510850B2|2016-12-06|

EP3597127A1|2020-01-22|

CN102781352B|2016-06-15|

US20110196403A1|2011-08-11|

AU2011215926A1|2012-08-23|

JP5875991B2|2016-03-02|

WO2011100338A2|2011-08-18|

EP2533707A2|2012-12-19|

CN102781352A|2012-11-14|

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