• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INSERTING A TUBE FOR OPTICAL CABLES IN A SOLID PLACEMENT FOUNDATION. The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for introducing at least one tube (2) for at least one optical cable (3) into a solid base with the aid of a laying device, wherein at least a groove (1) is milled or cut in the base and the at least one tube (2) is inserted and at least one groove (1), wherein at least one side wall (1') of at least one groove (1) is configured with a pitch (1'') to support a filling material (5, 6), through which after placing at least one tube 92) the possibly remaining volume of each slot (1) is filled, or a tube (2) formed according to the groove (1). Preferably, both side walls (1') of at least one groove (1) are configured with a support step (1''), resulting in a substantially T-shaped cross section of the groove (1). Furthermore, the friction between the at least one tube (2) placed in the at least one groove (1) and the side walls (1') of the at least one groove (1) can be increased so that the emergence of at least one tube (2) of (...).
    公开号:BR112012018126B1
    申请号:R112012018126-2
    申请日:2011-01-17
    公开日:2022-02-01
    发明作者:Alois Pichler；Jan Michael Pichler
    申请人:Jan Michael Pichler；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The invention relates to a method for introducing at least one tube for at least one optical cable into a solid base with the aid of a laying device, in particular an asphalt or concrete pavement, wherein, at least one groove is milled or cut in the base and at least one tube is inserted into at least one groove.
    [002] The present invention further relates to an apparatus for introducing at least one tube by at least one optical cable into a solid base, in particular an asphalt or concrete pavement, comprising a cutting device or milling for milling or cutting at least one groove in the base and at least one drum on which at least one tube to be laid is wound.
    [003] Today, many families around the world are still connected via copper cables with corresponding data networks for transmitting television, telephone, or computer signals. Considering that the various communication networks of different information services have already been gradually converted from copper to fiberglass cable and data transmission rates have thus been able to be substantially increased, the conversion of copper to fiberglass cables where the end consumer is still lagging behind. As a result of innovative methods, such as, for example, the trenchless removal of wires from cable tubes described in EP 1 362 398 A, the transformation of lines to end consumers is now possible at reasonable expense. If the copper tube of a buried cable freed from the copper wires is used to receive the optical cable, the family would be separated from the respective communication networks for a certain time interval between the removal of the copper cable and the replacement of the cable. optical cable. Since such a state would be unacceptable at the present time, it is necessary to provide for an alternative data connection at least during this time interval.
    [004] Wireless systems are used to bridge the data connection, through which the end consumer is connected to the desired communication networks. However, the expense for the corresponding transmitter and receiver is relatively high. Corresponding components must also be supplied with electrical power via batteries and adequately protected against theft.
    [005] Alternatively to this, a bypass data line can be installed, through which the end consumer is connected to the corresponding communication networks during the time of retrofitting the data line. Freely executing rows of data that by themselves could be defined quickly and easily have not been successful due to their susceptibility to time and destruction. The expense for laying underground cables, on the other hand, is again very high and is often not economically sustainable.
    [006] For this reason, methods and apparatus for the rapid and cost-effective introduction of optical cables on a solid foundation have already been developed. For example, EP 0 861 455 B1 describes a method for introducing at least one optical cable into a solid base whereby the expense of laying can be reduced.
    [007] EP 1 619 767 A1 describes such a method for laying optical cables on a solid foundation.
    [008] EP 0 162 623 A1 refers to a method for placing drainage pipes in the ground, where measures are not taken to protect the pipe from damage.
    [009] US 2004/165957 A1 refers to a method for placing a tube for optical cables on a solid base, wherein the tube is protected with a coating of compressible material.
    [0010] Finally, DE 38 05 344 A1 describes a universally applicable apparatus for the construction of trenches in general.
    [0011] In known placement methods, a groove is normally milled and cut into the solid base, then at least one optical cable or a tube for receiving at least one optical cable is inserted into the groove and a material corresponding filler, such as, for example, asphalt is poured into the groove along the cable or a tube receiving the optical cable and hardened. While these laying methods can be carried out more quickly and at low cost compared to conventional methods for laying buried cables, the expense is nevertheless relatively high. Furthermore, as a result of improper retention of the optical cable or tube in the groove, an undesirable emergence of the optical cable or tube from the groove occurs in some places, before the filler material is hardened. As a result, some damage or destruction of the optical cable and therefore an interruption of the data line may occur.
    [0012] When using hot asphalt for filling the groove, damage to the optical cable or the tube around the optical cable may additionally occur.
    [0013] Another disadvantage of known methods is that often a groove that is too deep is cut at the base and, for example, a road surface is thus cut through in places so that the tube for the optical cable is left unprotected. in loose earth located underneath it and can be damaged. Furthermore, when cutting through an asphalt surface, partial dissolution of the asphalt surface can occur, which in turn must be renewed in time-consuming and expensive work steps.
    [0014] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an above-mentioned method and an above-mentioned apparatus, in particular for the temporary introduction of at least one tube through at least one optical cable into a solid, medium whereby a quick and simple placement is possible avoiding or reducing the above mentioned disadvantages. In particular, pipes inserted into the groove or optical cables placed therein must be protected from damage.
    [0015] In the procedural aspect, this objective is solved by means of the configuration of at least one side wall of at least one groove with a support step to support a hardenable, elastic and/or solid filler material, through of which, after placing at least one tube, the possibly remaining volume of each groove is filled, or a tube formed according to the groove, wherein, in order to protect the at least one tube inserted in at least one slot or the optical cables placed therein, a force acting on the surface of the solid base is deflected to the solid base through at least one support step. As a result of the step-shaped formation of at least one side wall of the groove, a support is formed by a tube formed according to the groove or the possible filler material, through which a force acting on the surface of the groove is formed. base can be carried out through this base support step without unacceptably high forces acting on the tube, which could result in damage to the optical cable placed therein. The support step does not necessarily have to be arranged at right angles to the side wall of the groove, but can also be performed at an angle thereto. In principle, merely a supporting step can be arranged in a side wall of the groove so that a groove having a cross-section in the shape of an inverted "L" results. The method according to the invention is used in particular for only transient or temporary introduction of optical cables into a solid base in order, for example, to guarantee an uninterrupted connection of the consumer with the respective communication or data networks, during the works of converting a buried cable from copper cable to optical cable. Likewise, with the present method, an independent fiberglass network can be built for different stages of development (FTTH fiber for the home, FTTB fiber for the building, FTTC fiber for the curb) parallel to a network of existing copper cable. The method can be implemented especially quickly and therefore cost-effectively and offers optimal protection for the optical cables to be laid, so that the connection to the consumer is not jeopardized. The method can be used with any possible solid base, in particular an asphalt or concrete surface of a road or pavement. The connection to a consumer's respective home is thus connected as far as possible along the shortest path to the closest possible connection point of the data or communication network. If crossing points are to occur on the course, these can be overcome, for example, by deep grooves in places or by providing corresponding connecting devices. Although in the following description often only the simplest case of producing only one groove and placing only one tube for the optical cable is assumed, the method naturally encompasses producing a plurality of parallel grooves and preferably also the case where a plurality of tubes are placed in each slot. In the case of placing a plurality of tubes per slot, these can also be surrounded by a common casing or also a one-piece tube having a plurality of channels for the reception of, respectively, a plurality of optical cables can be provided. Both the tube and also said coating can be in the form of a hollow cylinder, but they can also have any other cross-section with one or a plurality of channels to receive the optical cables. If the respective slot is not completely filled by at least one tube, it is provided that the volume remaining in each slot is filled with a corresponding filler.
    [0016] According to another feature of the invention, both side walls of at least one groove can be formed with a support pitch, resulting in a substantially T-shaped cross section of the groove. If the possibly remaining volume of the groove after placement of at least one pipe is filled with a hardening filler material, this hardened filler material rests on the two symmetrically arranged support steps and forces that occur can be correspondingly conducted outwards. . The hardenable filler material can also be elastically deformable in the hardened state, whereby the formation of gaps between the inner wall of the groove and the filler can be avoided.
    [0017] Furthermore, in at least one support step an additional groove can be milled or cut in at least one side wall of each groove, whereby a web is formed between the groove for receiving the tube and the, at least one additional slot. By means of this web, preferably both webs in a groove having support steps arranged on both sides and additional grooves, the groove is fixed in the horizontal direction by the filler material which can be supplied or also by a correspondingly formed tube. If the solid base is to be cut through in places by the groove to receive the pipe, it can be held together by these weaves or shoulders. This in turn results in better protection for at least one tube placed in the groove and the optical cable placed in it.
    [0018] Advantageously, at least one groove having a width of less than or equal to 60 mm is milled or cut at the base. The depth is, for example, 150 mm, depending on the state and type of the base. The depth is chosen so that cutting through the base can be avoided as much as possible. On the other hand, especially when used on asphalt roads, the depth is selected to be greater in order to allow subsequent milling of the road without damaging the optical cable. For example, a so-called overlap (which is the distance between the road surface and the top surface of the cable or casing) of 80 mm is desired or required by road operators. As a result of the relatively small specified dimensions of the groove, the milling or cutting process can be carried out relatively quickly and the risk of completely cutting through the solid base in places can be substantially reduced.
    [0019] Advantageously, the friction between at least one tube placed in at least one groove and the side walls of at least one groove is increased so that the emergence of at least one tube of its own conformity to from at least one slot is prevented. This additional measure according to the invention of increasing friction between at least one tube inserted in at least one groove and the side walls of at least one groove prevents or makes it difficult for the tube to emerge from the groove and be damaged before possible filling of the groove with a filler. There are several possibilities for increasing friction between the pipe and the groove side walls, which are specified below.
    [0020] According to another feature of the invention, it is provided that after placing at least one tube in at least one groove, a granular material or the like having a grain size of 0.4 to 1, 5 mm, preferably granular rubber material, is introduced into at least one groove whereby a shim of at least one tube within at least one groove is achieved. By means of this measure, the emergence of at least one pipe of its own conformance from at least one groove can be simply and effectively avoided. In this case, the granular material is preferably dispersed over the tube immediately after introducing the tube into the groove, with the result that the granular material flows into the gap between the side wall of the groove and the outer surface of the tube and the tube. it's like they were fixed in the groove. In principle, more diverse granular materials preferably having an irregular and angular shape having a corresponding grain size of 0.4 to 1.5 mm can be used as the granular material. It is particularly suitable to use granular rubber material which results in a better shim of the tube inside the groove as a result of the intrinsic elasticity. However, sand can also be used as a granular material. The granular material can also be colored, whereby during the cutting and milling work on the base, the optical cables provided in the groove can be indicated.
    [0021] An alternative or additional method of increasing friction between the pipe and the groove may be implemented by providing the outside of the pipe, at least in parts, with a friction-reinforcement liner or friction-reinforcing elements or by roughness on the outer side of the tube. A friction-reinforcement coating can, for example, be carried out by applying a granular material or the like in some places to the outside of the tube. For example, the tube can be supplied with an adhesive in some places on its outer side and be spread with sand or suitably configured friction reinforcing elements before the adhesive hardens so that the tube can no longer come out of the groove after placement in the tube. slot.
    [0022] It is also possible that before placing the tube in the groove, the tube is provided with a coating which has a friction-reinforcing coating or friction-reinforcing elements on the outer side or is suitably rough. The lining with the friction-reinforcing coating, the friction-reinforcing elements or the roughened outer side may be suitably prefabricated and arranged along at least one tube shortly before laying.
    [0023] After placing at least one pipe in at least one groove, a cover strip can be placed in at least one groove. The cover strip, which can be differently configured, forms a partition wall between the pipe and the possible filling material and protects the pipe and the optical cables working in it accordingly. The cover strip may, for example, consist of foam and nest accordingly against the outside of the tube. Covering strips of harder material, in particular steel, which can also have several profiles, are also viable to protect at least one tube or the optical cables running in it. A steel roof profile running on a roof-shaped profile can also effectively prevent any damage to the pipe by sharp objects, such as, for example, nails, as these sharp objects are deflected into the groove when they are possibly led in and the tube and optical cables can thus be protected from any damage by the sharp object. The cover strip can also be configured to be multipart, for example comprising a layer of foam on the underside facing the tube and a layer of metal on the top side facing the possible filler. The cover strip can be inserted into the groove simultaneously with at least one tube or in a delayed working step after the tube is inserted.
    [0024] The possibly remaining volume of each groove may be filled with a hardenable filler, preferably a water-soluble, biologically degradable two-component adhesive. After the hardening time, at least one tube in the groove is therefore additionally and on a long-term basis protected from any emergence from the groove. In contrast to the asphalt normally used to fill the groove, two-component adhesives that harden at lower temperatures are particularly suitable. As a result, the tube that can already be supplied with the optical cables is also not thermally charged. If necessary, a certain acceleration of hardening can be carried out by slightly increasing the temperature, for example by a stream of hot air.
    [0025] As an alternative to using a hardenable filler, the possibly remaining volume of each groove can also be filled with an elastic and/or solid filler. In this case, the remaining volume of each slot is closed off by a strip of the suitable size elastic and/or solid filler. In this method, the filling material can be accordingly pressed into the groove and automatically secured in the groove or it may be glued to the remaining volume of the groove by means of suitable adhesives.
    [0026] As an alternative to the above methods, the cross-section of at least one pipe, which is introduced into at least one groove, possibly together with a liner, substantially corresponds to the cross-section of at least one groove . In this case, the groove is completely filled by at least one tube to be introduced. In this case, the tube and the filling material are formed in one piece. An elongated material is therefore produced which has a cross-section substantially corresponding to the cross-section of the groove, and is placed in the groove. The tube can have one or a plurality of channels for receiving the optical cables and, for example, also contain a strip of covering or protective material. Assuming corresponding elasticity, a tube introduced in this manner can be pressed into the groove and held there of its own accord.
    [0027] Alternatively to this or in addition, such a tube, possibly with the liner, can be glued into the groove. In this case, the possible adhesive can be introduced into the tube configured in such a way before placing in the groove or introduced into the groove alternatively or in addition to this. A double-sided adhesive tape can also be supplied from the factory on the underside and possibly on the side walls or possibly also on the upper side of the pipe in order to secure the pipe in the groove or out of the groove, possibly in a house wall or a bridge pillar or similar.
    [0028] Preferably, the at least one groove together with at least one support pitch is milled or cut with at least one circular saw blade having a diameter preferably from 400 mm to 500 mm, preferably in a wet method. If the groove depth is, for example, 150 mm, therefore, only a part of the circular saw blade is on the base during the cutting process, with the result that a more curved groove profile having narrow radii can be produced. . For example, radii in the range of 2 m are possible. Hereby, obstacles along the laying path, such as, for example, covers or the like, can be easily distributed and the at least one groove can be arranged in corresponding arcuate courses around these obstacles. Depending on whether a groove with a side support pitch or support steps arranged on both sides is to be produced, two or three saw blades with different diameters can be arranged adjacent to each other. Alternatively to this, a correspondingly configured milling tool with which a correspondingly configured groove can be produced can be provided.
    [0029] In order to allow placement of at least one pipe in at least one groove directly after production of the groove, material removed during milling or cutting of at least one groove is preferably sucked into outside. As a result, a clean saw cut is achieved after the cutting or milling process.
    [0030] In particular, when milling or cutting the at least one groove in a wet process, it is advantageous if before placing at least one pipe, the groove is dried, preferably with hot pressurized air. A matching dry groove also ensures good attachment of any adhesive. Exhaust gases from the motor-driven cutting or milling device can be efficiently used for groove drying. Corresponding air blast drying and extraction can also be combined by placing the air supply line in front of the extraction line.
    [0031] Tubes with so-called cut protection fibers can be placed in the groove or in grooves additionally provided parallel to them so that, in the case of any cut through the groove, it is indicated that the cables are located at the base. Cut protection fibers wrap around the cutting or milling tool and block this or at least indicate that a cable to be protected is located at the base.
    [0032] The object according to the invention is also solved by a previously mentioned apparatus in which the cutting or milling device is configured for milling or cutting at least one groove having a support pitch for supporting a filler material. hardenable, elastic and/or solid or a tube formed according to the groove in at least one side wall of the groove, and possibly comprising a device for introducing a hardenable, elastic and/or solid filler material to within the possibly remaining volume of each slot, wherein, in order to protect the at least one tube inserted into at least one slot or the optical cables placed therein, a force acting on the surface of the solid base is diverted to the solid base through of at least one support step. Such an apparatus can be produced relatively easily and cost-effectively. For the advantages that can be obtained in this way, reference is made to the above description of the characteristics of the process of the invention.
    [0033] The cutting or milling device may be configured to mill or cut at least one groove respectively having a support pitch on each side wall of the groove to form a groove having a substantially T-shaped cross section. Cutting or milling device can be achieved by a circular cutting blade having smaller diameter saw or cutting blades arranged on either side. A corresponding milling tool is also possible.
    [0034] According to a further feature of the invention, the cutting or milling device is configured to mill or cut a complementary groove in the support step in at least one side wall of the groove. Such a milling or cutting device can be achieved by five saw blades or circular cutting, in which the middle saw blade has the largest diameter, the saw blades arranged on either side thereof having the smallest diameter and the Outermost saw blades have a diameter between the diameter of the smallest and largest saw blades.
    [0035] Advantageously, the cutting or milling device is configured for milling or cutting at least one groove with a width less than or equal to 60 mm at the base. The groove depth is adapted according to the respective circumstances. As already mentioned above, relatively quick and simple fabrication can be achieved with such a groove having relatively small dimensions.
    [0036] Advantageously, a device for increasing friction between at least one tube and the side walls of at least one groove is provided, so that the emergence of at least one tube of its own conformity from of at least one groove can be avoided.
    [0037] The device for increasing friction between at least one tube and the side walls of at least one groove can be formed by a measuring device connected to a container for a granular material or the like, so that after the placement of at least one tube, a granular material or the like, having a grain size of 0.4 to 1.5 mm, preferably rubber granules, but for example also sand, can be introduced into at least least one slot. A corresponding container and relevant measuring device can be formed relatively simply using gravity. Naturally, devices for actively conveying the granular material, such as, for example, corresponding compressed air devices can also be provided.
    [0038] The device for increasing friction between the at least one tube and the side walls of the at least one groove may be formed by a device for supplying the outer side of the at least one tube, at least in parts with a friction-reinforcing coating or friction-reinforcing elements or for roughness on the outside.
    [0039] Likewise, the device for increasing friction between at least one tube and the side walls of at least one groove may be formed by a device for providing at least one tube with a coating, which has a friction-reinforcing coating or friction-reinforcing elements on the outside, or is rough.
    [0040] According to another feature of the invention, an apparatus for winding at least one covering strip is provided, which in at least one covering strip is placed in at least one slot after or at the same time as placing at least one tube. As already mentioned above, such a cover strip can be used to protect at least one tube. It is also possible that the tube together with the cover strip is rolled together on a drum or the like and is at the same time placed in the groove or even the tube with the integrated cover strip is present.
    [0041] The possible device for introducing a filler material into the possible remaining volume of each groove may be formed by a container for a hardenable filler, preferably a two-component water-soluble or biologically degradable adhesive, and a measuring device connected to the container. Such a dispensing device for a hardenable filler can be produced relatively simply and cost-effectively, with the result that the overall costs of the placement apparatus are not substantially increased.
    [0042] Alternatively to this, the possible device for introducing a filling material into the possible remaining volume of each groove may be formed by a device for storing an elastic and/or solid filling material and a device for introducing the said filler material into at least one groove. Depending on the design and condition of the elastic and/or solid filling material, the storage device and an introduction device can be formed in various ways, for example by a drum and a roller for pressing the filling material into the slot.
    [0043] As already mentioned above, the milling or cutting device is formed by at least one saw blade with a diameter preferably from 400 mm to 500 mm. In the case of producing a plurality of grooves simultaneously, preferably a plurality of saw blades are arranged parallel to each other. An arrangement of two saw blades arranged at an angle to each other for the manufacture of a groove having a substantially triangular cross-section or the use of a special milling head which produces a corresponding groove shape is also possible.
    [0044] Advantageously, a suction device is provided to suck material removed during milling or cutting from at least one groove.
    [0045] Furthermore, an apparatus can be provided for drying at least one groove before placing at least one tube which, for example, can be formed by supplying the exhaust gases from a cutting device or motor driven milling.
    [0046] Furthermore, a device for winding at least one tube can be provided with so-called cut protection fibers, wherein at least one tube is placed in the groove or in grooves additionally arranged parallel thereto. Cut protection fibers wrap around the cutting or milling tool and block it, or at least indicate that a cable to be protected is located at the base.
    [0047] Advantageously, all components of the placement apparatus are preferably arranged on a self-propagating carriage. Such a laying apparatus makes it possible to lay corresponding tubes for receiving optical cables at a relatively high speed. For example, speeds in the range of a few meters per minute can be achieved in practice. The optical cables can be later fed into at least one tube, preferably blown into, or they can theoretically be already laid out in at least one tube before laying.
    [0048] The present invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    [0049] Figure 1 to Figure 6 show several examples of tubes for optical cables introduced into a solid base using the present method.
    [0050] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a placement apparatus.
    [0051] Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a cutting or milling device of an apparatus according to the invention for introducing at least one tube for at least one optical cable into a solid base.
    [0052] Figures 9 and 10 show two examples of preferred embodiments of a tube that is introduced into the groove.
    [0053] Figure 11 shows a schematic view of an application case in which optical cables are guided in a pipe corresponding to a house.
    [0054] Figure 12 shows a cross section through a tube placed over a road to receive the optical cable.
    [0055] Figure 13 shows an additional embodiment of a cutting or milling device of an apparatus according to the invention for introducing at least one tube for at least one optical cable into a solid base.
    [0056] Figure 14 shows a variant of a slot for placing at least one tube for the optical cable on a solid base.
    [0057] Figure 15 shows an appropriate cutting or milling tool for producing the groove according to Figure 14.
    [0058] Figure 16 shows another variant of a slot for placing at least one tube for the optical cable on a solid base, in which cut protection fibers are additionally provided.
    [0059] Figures 1 to 6 show in cross-section grooves produced by various variants of the process according to the present application for receiving at least one tube for at least one optical cable on a solid base.
    [0060] Figure 1 shows a groove 1 having two support steps 1” in each side wall 1', resulting in a substantially T-shaped cross section of the groove 1. Such a groove 1 can be produced by milling or cutting with a corresponding tool, in particular a rotary saw blade or a milling tool. Preferably, the entire groove 1, but in any case the at least one support step 1", is arranged inside the solid base. Since the groove 1 is preferably, but not exclusively, used for the temporary introduction of a cable, the depth T of the groove 1 can be selected to be, for example, 150 mm and the width B of the groove 1 smaller or equal to 60 mm can be selected to be intentionally low in order to also keep the laying expense low and achieve a relatively high laying speed. Slot 1 is used to receive at least one tube 2, in which at least one optical cable 3 can be inserted. After placing at least one tube 2 in the groove 1, the friction between the tube 2 and the side walls 1' of the groove 1 can be increased by introducing granular material 4 or the like into the groove 1. The granular material 4 or the like has a grain size that allows the granular material 4 or the like to penetrate at least in part into the gap formed between the outer side of the tube 2 and the side walls 1' of the groove 1, which leads to a clamping of the tube 2 inside the groove 1. In this way, the emergence of the tube 2 from its own conformity with the groove 1 is prevented before any fixing with a corresponding filling material 5 is made. The example shown comprises a hardenable filler 5, e.g. a two-component adhesive which is introduced in liquid or viscous form into the remaining volume of groove 1 after placement of at least one tube 2 and is then hardened. possibly with the aid of hot air in order to accelerate the drying process. As a result of at least one support step 1" according to the invention in the groove, forces, exerted on the infill material 5, for example by a vehicle driving along the base, can be driven inwards. of the base and tube 2 and, consequently, the optical cable 3 provided therein, can be protected against unacceptably high forces. Of course, a support pitch 1” can also be provided on only one side in a side wall 1' of the groove 1, so that the groove 1 has an inverted "L"-shaped cross-section (not shown). The surfaces defining the 1” support pitch do not necessarily have to include a right angle.
    [0061] In the variant according to Figure 2, the tube 2 introduced in the groove 1 is also fixed with a granular material 4 in the groove 1 and then, however, a prefabricated filling material 6 comprising elastic material or solid is inserted into the remaining volume of slot 1. Filler 6 can be pressed or rolled into slot 1 and rests on support steps 1" of slot 1. Filler 6 can be configured so that friction in the side walls 1' of the groove 1 is increased and, consequently, the emergence of the filling material 6 of its own conformity from the groove 1 is prevented or hindered. In the example shown, this is indicated by the rough surfaces of the side walls of the filler 6. In addition, the filler 6 can also be glued in the groove 1.
    [0062] In the variant according to Figure 3, the outer side of the tube 2 is provided with a friction reinforcement coating 7 or corresponding friction reinforcement elements or is configured to be suitably rough so that the emergence of the tube 2 of its own compliance with slot 1 is prevented or made difficult. The remaining volume of the groove 1 can then be refilled with a hardenable filler 5. Furthermore, an additional groove 9 is arranged in each support step 1" of the groove 1, thus forming a type of thrust bearing. The hardenable filler 5 therefore holds the groove 1 together by means of the webs formed between the groove 1 and the additional grooves 9 in the horizontal transverse direction along the groove 1 and prevents tearing of the base, if, for example, the bed, for example, the asphalt surface is cut by groove 1. Groove 1, support steps 1" and possible additional grooves 9 do not necessarily have to have a substantially rectangular cross-section, but can be of various shapes. In any case, in the embodiment according to Figure 3 or a similar variant, the groove 1 is held together or interwoven by a hardenable filler 5, a prefabricated filler 6 or a suitably formed tube 2 or coating of the transverse tube 2 along the groove 1.
    [0063] In the variant according to Figure 4, a tube 2 with a friction-reinforcing coating 7, friction-reinforcing elements or a corresponding rough outer side is also introduced into the groove 1 and then a covering strip 8 is placed over the tube 2 in the groove 1. The covering strip 8 is used to protect the tube 2 or the optical cable 3 running therein and may consist of plastic or metal. In addition to a mechanical protection of the tube 2, this also prevents direct contact of the tube 2 with the hardenable filler 5, which is then poured into the groove 1, including the lateral support steps 1" following the cover strip 8 .
    [0064] In the variant according to Figure 5, after the introduction of the cover strip 8, an elastic or solid filling material 6 was inserted into the remaining volume of the groove 1.
    [0065] The variant according to Figure 6 shows a tube 2 whose cross section substantially corresponds to the cross section of the groove 1, that is, in the example shown, a T-shaped pipe 2, on which a covering strip 8 is additionally integrated. The side surfaces of the tube 2 are provided with a friction-reinforcement coating 7, friction-reinforcing elements or a corresponding rough surface, so that the emergence of the tube 2 from its own conformity to the groove 1 can be avoided or hindered. . Cover strips 8 can be configured in different ways, for example they can be X-shaped, zigzag-shaped or similar cross-section. If the tube 2 is formed by a covering strip 8 with a cross-section in the form of an inverted "V", destruction of the tube 2 or the optical cable 3 operating therein, in particular by sharp objects such as, for example, nails, can be effectively avoided as these sharp objects are deflected by the covering strip 8 having a roof-shaped cross section (see Figure 9).
    [0066] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the invention for introducing at least one tube 2 to at least one optical cable 3 in a solid base. The at least one groove 1 is introduced into the base by means of a cutting or milling device 10, in particular one or a plurality of cutting blades. Then, at least one tube 2, preferably wound on a drum 11, is introduced into the groove 1 and, possibly, a cover strip 8 wound on a corresponding apparatus 15 is introduced along the tube 2 into the groove 1. granular 4 located in a container 13 can be dispersed over the tube 2, by means of a corresponding measuring device 14, thus preventing any emergence of at least one tube 2 of its own accord with at least one groove 1. The possibly remaining volume of the groove 1 above the tube 2 and possibly the cover strip 8 is filled with the aid of a device 12 for introducing a filling material. In the example shown according to Figure 7, a hardenable filler 5 is supplied in a container 16 and is metered into the groove 1 by means of a corresponding measuring device 17. After the hardenable filler 5 has hardened, the placement of the tube 2 is completed and the base can be returned to its original use, for example as a road or pavement. The optical cables are preferably blown into the channels thereof after the tube 2 has been placed. The cutting or milling device 10 is connected to a corresponding unit 27, for example an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. Furthermore, a suction device 28 can be provided for sucking material removed during milling or cutting from at least one slot 1. Furthermore, an apparatus 29 can be provided for drying at least one slot 1 before placing at least one tube 2, which, for example, can be formed by supplying exhaust gas from the unit 27 of the cutting and milling device 10 configured as an internal combustion engine, as indicated by the dashed line between unit 27 and drying device 29.
    [0067] Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a cutting or milling device 10 for producing a groove 1 having two lateral support steps 1", as indicated at the bottom of the diagram. The cutting or milling device 10 consists of three saw blades 30, 31, 32 which are spaced apart by corresponding disks 33, 34. The middle saw blade 30 has the largest diameter and is used to form the groove. 1, in which at least one tube 2 must be placed. For example, the saw blade 30 may have a diameter of 400 mm and a width of cut of 15-20 mm. Side saw blades 31, 32 are used to produce support pitches 1" on side walls 1' of groove 1 and have reduced diameters accordingly compared to saw blade 30. For example saw blades 31, 32 may have a diameter of 240 mm and a thickness of cut or a protrusion along the width of cut of the saw blade 30 of a few millimeters. Saw blades 30, 31, 32 and discs 33, 34 are connected via a shaft 35 to the unit 27 (not shown), wherein a corresponding lock nut 36 is arranged at the end of the shaft 35. cutting or milling 10 can also be formed by a correspondingly configured milling tool which is adapted to the desired shape of the groove 1.
    [0068] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a tube 2, the cross section of which substantially corresponds to the cross section of the groove 1. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the tube 2 has a substantially T-shaped cross section with two channels for receiving the optical cables (not shown). Whereas one channel, preferably a lower part for receiving optical cables 3, is provided for data transmission, the other channel can also be used for other purposes, for example, the installation of corresponding lines for a control system. of traffic. The lines for forming a traffic control system can also be integrated in the upper region of a tube 2 configured in this way. Such a system can be used for the guidance of motor vehicles and for combination with a navigation system. Naturally, in addition to the tube 2 for receiving optical cables 3, other lines can also be loosely placed in the prefabricated groove 1 and then closed with a filling material 5, 6, possibly with intervening covering strips. A covering strip 8 is integrated into the tube 2 and configured in the form of a roof or in the form of an inverted "V". Furthermore, double-sided adhesive tapes 19 or adhesive layers can be arranged on the underside, the side surfaces and also the upper side of the tube 2, by means of which the tube 2 can be fixed in the groove 1, but also in other objects if the tube 2 is placed outside the groove 1. Prefabricated lugs 20 or the like, in each of which a hole 21 is provided, can be arranged on the upper side of the tube 2, preferably at regular intervals. Such shoulders 20 can be used to secure tube 2 to receive optical cables for specific objects. For this purpose, for example, wires, cords, or the like, can be passed through the hole 21 and the tube 2 can thus be attached to specific objects. In case the shoulders 20 are not needed or interfere with a tube 2 arranged in a groove in the base, they can also be removed later, which can be facilitated by the corresponding predetermined breaking points.
    [0069] Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment of a tube 2 in cross-section, in which passages 22, 23 are preferably provided at regular intervals, which can be used for fixing the tube 2 in the groove 1 or outside the slot 1. Both vertical passages 22 and also horizontal passages 23 can be provided. Nails, screws, cables or corresponding wires can be introduced through the passages 22, 23, with the help of which the tube 2 can be fixed in the groove 1 or outside the groove 1. For the same purpose, fixing cables 24 or the like can be fixed. also preferably be integrated at regular intervals in the tube 2. Such fixing of the tube 2 is necessary, in particular, when the tube 2 is guided out from the groove 1 in the base and is to be guided into a family house to be supplied with optical cables or by a bridge or other obstacle. A simple and quick fastening to the corresponding or similar buildings can be carried out by means of said fastening aids.
    [0070] Figure 11 shows an application of the method described with the aid of a corresponding tube 2 by providing a family with a connection through the optical cable. Pipe 2 running on a track F in a correspondingly fabricated groove 1 as far as in front of the family house to be supplied. In the example shown, the tube 2 is guided from the end of the groove 1 in the track F along the wall of the house H and is therefore fixed, for example, by means of a double-sided adhesive tape 19 (see Figure 9). ) or by means of fasteners 22, 23 (see Figure 10), such as nails or screws arranged through corresponding passages 22, 23 (see Figure 10) in tube 2. In this way, a corresponding supply of the family with the lines matching data can be done quickly.
    [0071] Finally Figure 12 shows a cross section in the area of track F where a tube 2 is placed on the surface of track F without making a groove 1. Such a bridge may be necessary, for example, if a groove cannot or must not be entered on runway F (eg for monument protection reasons). In the case of a tube 2 placed on track F or the like, it is convenient to provide corresponding wedge-shaped elements 26 laterally adjacent to the tube 2 to adequately protect the optical cable operating therein and, for example, allow a vehicle to drive along. Depending on the application, the elements 26 can be manufactured from different materials, such as, for example, plastic, but also metal and for safety connected to track F and/or pipe 2.
    [0072] Figure 13 shows a modified embodiment of a cutting or milling device 10 compared to Figure 8 for producing a groove 1, wherein the two lateral support steps 1" are configured to slope downward towards the outside. This is achieved by corresponding outer saw blades 31, 32 of the cutting or milling device 10. As a result of the outwardly inclined support steps 1", after filling with a filler 6 (not shown) the groove 1 is held together by this and breakage, for example by ice, or in the case of cutting through the solid base, is prevented. The angle of inclination of the 1” support steps can be selected in several ways. Furthermore, the support pitch 1" does not necessarily have to be flat but may have a curved or different profile in cross-section.
    [0073] Figure 14 shows another variant of a groove 1 on a solid base, in which the lateral support steps 1", as in the embodiment according to Figure 13, slope downwards outwardly. In addition, two additional 1”' support pitches are also again provided with a downward sloping profile on the outside. This shape of the groove 1 can be produced relatively easily, preferably in one operation using a suitably formed cutting or milling device 10 (not shown). After laying at least one tube 2 for the optical cable or the like, the part of the groove 1 located above the support step 1" is filled with a filler 5, for example, a two-component adhesive or asphalt. As a result of the angled sections in the support steps 1" and the additional steps 1"', the filling material 5 accordingly holds the groove 1 together and prevents any breakage of said groove. Furthermore, structures can be provided on the side walls 1' of the groove 1, means by which a better connection of the filling material 5 to the solid base can be achieved. In the exemplary embodiment shown, these structures are formed by gradations formed correspondingly in the longitudinal direction of groove 1.
    [0074] Figure 15 shows an exemplary embodiment of a cutting or milling tool 10 for producing such structures on the side walls 1' of the groove 1. Cutting edges 37 are provided on the cutting or milling tool 10 in accordance with the structures. The cutting or milling tool 10 is rotated about an axis 35 and is guided substantially horizontally through the prefabricated slot 1. Of course, other structures can also be produced on the side walls 1' of the slot 1 using cutting or milling tools. different, which bring an improvement of the connection between the filling material 6 and solid base.
    [0075] Figure 16 shows a similar embodiment of a groove 1, as Figure 14, in which tubes 39 in which so-called cut-protection fibers 40 run, are provided inside the filler 5 in the groove 1 or inside the additionally supplied slot filler 5 38. These cut protection fibers 40 wrap around the cutting and milling tools during the attempt to cut through the slot 1 together with the components arranged therein and block this or at least one signal that a cable is located on the solid base. The tubes 39 with the cut protection fibers 40 can be arranged at a plurality of suitable locations within the filler 5. In addition to or alternatively to this, the filler or prefabricated filler 6 can also be suitably colored and the route accordingly marked. When working with the solid base, attention is thus drawn to the optical cable 3 running in the slot 1 and any damage to the optical cable 3 can be avoided. The aforementioned cover strip 8 may also contain such cut protection fibers 40 or consist of such fibers.
    [0076] The groove 1 produced in the base is used mainly, but not exclusively, to receive at least one tube 2 for optical cable 3. Of course, the groove 1 produced can also be used to receive several other lines or the like for various purposes, for example, the aforementioned traffic control system.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    1. Method for introducing at least one tube (2) for at least one optical cable (3) into a solid base, in particular a concrete or asphalt surface, with the aid of a laying device, wherein at least a groove (1) is milled or cut in the base and the at least one tube (2) is inserted into the at least one groove (1), characterized in that at least one side wall (1') of the at least one groove (1) is formed with a supporting step (1") to support a hardenable, elastic and/or solid filler material (5, 6), through which after placement of the at least one tube (2), the volume possibly remaining in each groove (1) is filled, either of a tube (2) formed corresponding to the groove (1), whereby for protection of the at least one tube (2) inserted in the at least one groove (1) or of the optical cable (3) placed therein, a force acting on the surface of the base is deflected by means of at least one support pitch (1”) into the base.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that both side walls (1'), of the at least one groove (1), are formed with a support step (1"), resulting in a section T-shaped cross section of the groove (1).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the at least one support step (1”), an additional groove (9) is milled or cut in at least one side wall (1') from each slot (1).
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the friction between the at least one tube (2) placed in the at least one groove (1) and the side walls (1') of the at least at least one groove (1) is increased so that the independent emergence of the at least one tube (2) from the at least one groove (1) is prevented.
    [0005]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that after placing the at least one tube (2), a covering strip (8) is placed in the at least one groove (1).
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the volume possibly remaining in each groove (1) is filled with a hardenable filler (5), preferably two-component, water-soluble adhesive. water and biodegradable.
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the possibly remaining volume of each groove (1) is filled with a solid and/or elastic filler (6).
    [0008]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cross section of the at least one tube (2), which is introduced into the at least one groove (1), possibly together with a coating corresponds to the cross section of the at least one groove (1).
    [0009]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one groove (1) together with the at least one support step (1") is milled or cut using at least one circular saw blade (30, 31, 32) having a diameter preferably from 400 mm to 500 mm, preferably using the wet method.
    [0010]
    10. Apparatus for introducing at least one tube (2) for at least one optical cable (3) into a solid base, in particular a concrete or asphalt surface, comprising a cutting or milling device (10) for milling or cutting at least one groove (1) in the base and in at least one drum (11), on which the at least one tube (2) to be placed is wound, characterized in that the cutting or milling device (10) ) is formed for milling or cutting at least one groove (1) having a support pitch (1") for supporting a hardenable, elastic and/or solid filler (5, 6) or a tube (2) formed correspondingly to the groove (1) in at least one side wall (1') of the groove (1) and possibly comprising a device (12) for introducing a hardenable, elastic and/or solid filler (5, 6) into the volume possibly remaining in each slot (1), whereby to protect the at least one tube (2) inserted into the part At least one slot (1) or the optical cable (3) placed therein, a force acting on the surface of the base is deflected by means of the at least one support step (1”) into the base.
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the cutting or milling device (10) is formed for milling or cutting the at least one groove (1) with a support step (1") in each side wall (1') of the groove (1) to form a groove (1) having a T-shaped cross section.
    [0012]
    12. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the cutting or milling device (10) is formed to mill or cut an additional groove (9) in the support step (1”) by at least a side wall (1') of the groove (1).
    [0013]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a device for increasing friction between the at least one tube (2) and the side walls (1') of the at least one groove (1) ) is provided, so that the independent emergence of at least one tube (2) from the at least one groove (1) can be avoided.
    [0014]
    14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that an apparatus (15) for winding at least one covering strip (8) is provided, wherein at least one covering strip (8) is placed on the at least one least one groove (1) after or at the same time as placing the at least one tube (2).
    [0015]
    15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the possible device (12) for introducing a filling material (5) into the possible volume remaining in each slot (1) is formed by a container (16) for a hardenable filler (5), preferably a water-soluble and biodegradable two-component adhesive, and a measuring device (17) connected to the container (16).
    [0016]
    16. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the possible device (12) for introducing a filling material (6) into the possible volume remaining in each slot is formed by a device for storing an elastic and/or solid filling material (6) and a device for introducing said filling material (6) into the at least one slot (1).
    [0017]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the cutting or milling device (10) is formed by at least one saw blade (30, 31, 32) having a diameter preferably from 400mm to 500mm.
    [0018]
    18. Apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the components are preferably arranged on a self-propagating car (18).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    TW201140982A|2011-11-16|
    WO2011088486A1|2011-07-28|
    SI2526450T1|2016-05-31|
    EP2526450B1|2016-01-13|
    HRP20160351T1|2016-05-06|
    CN102713712A|2012-10-03|
    SG182648A1|2012-08-30|
    US20130011198A1|2013-01-10|
    AU2011207139B2|2015-07-09|
    BR112012018126A2|2021-08-03|
    CA2786750A1|2012-07-28|
    UY33193A|2011-08-31|
    JP2013517532A|2013-05-16|
    PL2526450T3|2016-07-29|
    US8727665B2|2014-05-20|
    ES2567466T3|2016-04-22|
    AR080005A1|2012-03-07|
    CU20120108A7|2012-10-15|
    EP2526450A1|2012-11-28|
    CO6592057A2|2013-01-02|
    AT509086A4|2011-06-15|
    HUE027337T2|2016-09-28|
    AU2011207139A1|2012-08-16|
    EA201270684A1|2013-01-30|
    AT509086B1|2011-06-15|
    RS54671B1|2016-08-31|
    KR20120123088A|2012-11-07|
    DK2526450T3|2016-04-11|
    CY1117443T1|2017-04-26|
    EA027096B1|2017-06-30|
    CA2786750C|2018-03-20|
    MX2012008457A|2012-10-03|
    ZA201205392B|2013-04-24|
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    AT0007710A|AT509086B1|2010-01-21|2010-01-21|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING A TUBE FOR OPTICAL CABLES IN A FIXED INSTALLATION ROUND|
    ATA77/2010|2010-01-21|
    PCT/AT2011/000025|WO2011088486A1|2010-01-21|2011-01-17|Method and device for introducing a pipe for optical cables into a solid laying foundation|
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