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    • 专利摘要:
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM AND ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL-TIME REMOTE MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS FOR POWER PLANTS AND INTENSIVE POWER SUPPLY SUBSTANCES, ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTANCES IEDs that carry out the measurements of interest in the high voltage equipment, interconnected through a communication network to a central monitoring computer, allowing remote user access to the equipment's state measurements and diagnostics and issuing automatic alarms in case of abnormalities in it.
    公开号:BR112012016352B1
    申请号:R112012016352-3
    申请日:2010-12-20
    公开日:2021-02-17
    发明作者:Eduardo Pedrosa Santos
    申请人:Eduardo Pedrosa Santos；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] This present patent application for an unprecedented “DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CIRCUIT BREAKERS, TRANSFORMERS OF INSTRUMENTS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND EQUIPMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGE CONCERNED AND USED ENERGY FEATURES ELECTRICAL ”, notably a system capable of monitoring in real time all the high voltage equipment existing in power plants and / or substations of electric energy concessionaires, which corresponds to a high number of equipment, which can add up hundreds or thousands, without requiring a large number of remote computers to process information and without incurring processing overhead on the small number of computers in charge of this task. Such a system results in a simplified architecture and presents several advantages over the state of the art, to be described throughout this report. INTRODUCTION
    [0002] [002] High voltage equipment, such as power transformers, reactors, circuit breakers, disconnect switches, current transformers, potential transformers, lightning arresters, voltage regulators and others are widely used in generation, transmission and distribution systems of medium, high and extra-high voltage electricity, performing essential functions to guarantee the continuity and quality of the electricity supply.
    [0003] [003] With this, the security of the generation, transmission and distribution of energy depends directly on the reliability of this equipment and its good condition. In fact, the occurrence of failures in this equipment can lead from the lack of electricity to a neighborhood, city or region to cascade shutdowns that culminate in a "blackout" or "blackout" for an entire state or country.
    [0004] [004] In addition, the regulation of the electric energy sector, foresees in most countries, heavy financial penalties for electric power concessionaires in case of equipment disconnection, in general with even higher penalties in case of untimely disconnections, such as when an equipment effect culminates in its failure. Also in the case of electro-intensive industries, which use a large number of high-voltage equipment to supply electrical energy to their production processes, the disconnection of these can lead to reductions or stoppages of production, with great financial losses.
    [0005] [005] Given the exposed scenario, the correct maintenance of the aforementioned high voltage equipment plays an important role for their reliability and the systems where they are located. This need naturally led to the emergence of the maintenance engineering specialty and to the evolution of the practices adopted by it, in such a way that throughout history the corrective maintenance philosophy (carried out only after the failure of the equipment) has been replaced by the preventive one (programmed shutdowns) for repair checks). It soon became evident, however, that the preventive maintenance philosophy, despite representing an improvement over the corrective one, also has its drawbacks, such as the fact that many stops are made unnecessarily, only to discover that there was no need for maintenance. , the inadvertent insertion of problems that did not previously exist in the machine during maintenance or the unexpected failure of the equipment when a defect appears and evolves in the interval between two preventive stops.
    [0006] [006] With this, maintenance engineering has advanced once again, with the emergence of predictive maintenance, or maintenance based on the state of the equipment (CBM, from the English Condition Based Maintenance). Such philosophy seeks to determine the state or condition of the equipment during its operation, through measurements and diagnostic methods, in such a way as to stop and maintain the equipment only when really necessary, and not simply based on the time of operation. Concomitantly, the methodology called “Reliability Centered Maintenance” (MCC or RCM, from English Reliability Centered Maintenance) was created, which seeks to prioritize maintenance activities according to their importance for the process as a whole, and which finds predictive maintenance a natural complement . TECHNICAL STATUS
    [0007] [007] The philosophies of predictive maintenance and the MCC or RCM, and the need to know the condition of the equipment they brought, led to the emergence of a new tool, which were the online monitoring systems, which seek to diagnose, from automatically and in real time, the status of the equipment, through the processing of data from sensors installed in it, and may also indicate prognoses of evolution of the condition and suggest, in some cases, the actions that should be carried out by the maintenance, when applicable. Examples of “on-line” monitoring systems applied to power transformers can be seen in US Patent 4,654,806 and in the attached reference article [1].
    [0008] [008] In the current state of the art, systems for real-time monitoring of the status of high voltage equipment, such as power transformers, reactors, circuit breakers, disconnect switches and others are commonly made up of several sensors installed in the equipment for measurement of various quantities related to its state and operating conditions. In addition to the elements sensitive to the quantity to be measured, these sensors are also made up of electronic circuits, used to generate the sensor output signals, which can be analogous (for example, current signal 4 to 20 mA proportional to the measured quantity) ), digital (signaling or alarm count) or serial communication ports (for example, RS485, RS232 or others).
    [0009] [009] From that point on, state-of-the-art monitoring systems fall into two different categories, according to the architecture employed: systems with centralized architecture and systems with decentralized or distributed architecture, as shown in the reference article [2 ] attached.
    [0010] [010] In systems with centralized architecture, such as those illustrated in US patent 6,906,630 and in the attached reference article [1], the sensor outputs connect to an information centralization device, in general a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC, or PLC, from English Programmagle Logic Controller), also installed in or near its high voltage equipment.
    [0011] [011] The centralizing device then reads the output signals from the sensors, be they analog, digital or serial communication ports, in order to obtain the information of the various measurements made by the sensors in the high voltage equipment. In some cases, the centralizer can perform some basic information pre-processing, for example, calculating the Apparent Power from voltage and current information and the like, as shown in US patent 6,906,630.
    [0012] [012] Then, all information, coming from sensors and local preprocessing, is transmitted to a remote computer, located in a location with adequate environment, commonly the substation or power plant control room, which has air conditioning, or a concessionaire office. of electrical energy. Various means can be used to transmit information from the centralizing element to this computer, such as fiber optics, radio links, telephone lines, Intranet and Internet networks, among others.
    [0013] [013] In systems with decentralized architecture, as shown in the reference article [3] attached, the centralizing device is not used. IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) sensors are used, which have digital electronic circuitry and are equipped with serial communication ports, which are used for the direct transmission of measurement data to the remote computer, commonly located in the control room of the company. substation or plant or in an office of the electric utility, operating from that point in a similar way to the centralized architecture. For this purpose, the communication ports of the IED sensors are interconnected to form a data communication network that can use different means for transmitting information from the sensors to the remote computer, such as fiber optics, radio links, telephone line, network Intranet and Internet, among others.
    [0014] [014] The real-time monitoring software is then run on the remote computer, which processes the data of the various sensors. Such processing consists of mathematical models and algorithms that cross the measurement data in real time from one or more sensors, in addition to data and parameters informed by the user, in order to obtain useful information for the diagnosis of the state of the high voltage equipment, such as such as the percentage of loss of life of the transformer as a function of temperature and humidity, the water content in the insulating paper as a function of moisture in the oil, among others. In systems determinator some of these calculations can also be performed in the centralizing device (PLC), according to references US 6,906,630 and articles [1] and [4] attached, if this architecture is used, providing a pre-processing of the data.
    [0015] [015] Having the results of the aforementioned calculations and sensor measurements, the monitoring system can issue alarms when the programmed limit values are exceeded, both for the sensor measurements and for the results of the mathematical and algorithmic models.
    [0016] [016] As indicated in the reference articles [1], [3] and [4] annexes, some state-of-the-art monitoring systems have in their monitoring software, executed on the remote computer, a Specialist System, Artificial Intelligence technique in which a system of logical rules is used that refreshes the knowledge of a human specialist, in such a way that in the event of an alarm, for example, the Expert System checks the validity of several hypotheses seeking to find those that meet the rules of a given scenery. With this, the monitoring system is able to issue, in addition to the aforementioned alarm, a diagnosis of the probable cause for the occurrence of the alarm, as well as suggest recommended corrective actions and indicate the prognosis of the evolution of the detected situation if corrective actions are not adopted. .
    [0017] [017] Also according to the references [1], [3] and [4] annexes, the monitoring software also periodically records the measurements of the sensors and the results of the data processing in databases, which store the history of the operating conditions of the equipment throughout its life. Based on this history, the monitoring software can also calculate the trend of the equipment's state of evolution and generate predictions of its condition in the future.
    [0018] [018] To allow users access to the data of the monitoring systems, their computers spread over substations and plants are all connected to a network, usually the company's Intranet or the Internet, with each computer having an interface that allows remote access to your data through the aforementioned networks. This interface generally consists of pages in the standard Internet format, for example, in HTML or another language used on the World Wide Web, as shown in the references [1], [2], [3] and [4] annexes. Thus, any computer connected to the concessionaire's Intranet or the Internet, as the case may be, provided that it has an Internet browser (web browser) installed, is able to connect to the monitoring system and view the measurements of the sensors in real time. actual results of data processing, diagnostics, prognosis and recommended actions, if applicable, as well as measurements and historical data recorded in the system's databases.
    [0019] [019] Also according to references [1], [2], [3] and [4] annexes, state of the art monitoring systems can also be equipped with mechanisms for automatic sending of alert messages when they occur of an alarm or abnormal condition detection in the high voltage equipment. Such messages are commonly sent in the format of electronic mail from the internet (e-mail) or text message to cell phones (SMS or MMS), considering the electronic addresses or cell phone numbers previously registered in the monitoring system.
    [0020] [020] Some state of the art monitoring systems employ a computer for each high voltage equipment to be monitored, while others employ a computer for all equipment of the same type (transformer, reactor, etc.) in the same substation or plant, or at best, a computer for all equipment in the same substation or plant, as illustrated by the articles in references [1], [4] and [5]. Given that an electric utility may have hundreds of substations, with hundreds or thousands of high voltage equipment, monitoring the status of all equipment in real time requires, in the state of the art, the use of a large number of computers and monitoring software. This entails a high cost of purchasing and installing these systems, as well as a high maintenance cost and the need for a dedicated maintenance team to keep hundreds or thousands of computers in operation, including monitoring hardware and software, and hundreds or thousands centralizing elements (PLCs), if the centralized architecture is used.
    [0021] [021] It is not uncommon, in the routine of electric utility companies, that a high voltage equipment, for example, a transformer, has to be relocated, being removed from one substation or plant and reinstalled in another. In this case, the entire data acquisition system, including PLCs and computers, needs to be moved or, at a minimum, procedures that require specialized technicians and systems must be used in order for the data from the relocated transformer to be transferred to another reallocated transformer to be transferred to another computer in the new installation, which can cause several practical problems, such as: special care for the transportation of individual computers that centralize the historical data of the equipment, possible accidents with the computers in the removal, transportation or in the new installation, which they can cause total or partial loss of data acquired over years, compromising the transformer's life history and, consequently, the entire transformer maintenance program.
    [0022] [022] A possible alternative to this arrangement would be to use only one computer to monitor all the high voltage equipment of the electric utility, located in its central office, for example, and receiving data from all IED type sensors. or centralizing devices spread over its substations and high voltage equipment. However, it gives the large amount of high voltage equipment to be monitored in an electric utility, of the order of hundreds to thousands, and, consequently, the even greater number of sensors whose measurements must be acquired, processed and recorded in a bank. given by the monitoring software, this alternative presents several problems, such as the high computational load, which may require special computers with high installation and maintenance costs, and the dependence on a single computer for the operation of the entire monitoring system, so that in the event of problems with this machine, all of the dealer's high voltage equipment will remain unmonitored. The obvious alternative to circumvent this reliability problem, which would be the use of two or more computers operating in a redundant way for the monitoring system, also suffers from the first inconvenience presented, which is the high cost of the necessary high performance computer, which is then multiplied by the number of computers used in the redundant scheme. MAIN DISADVANTAGES OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    [0023] - O dispositivo centralizador (CLP) constitui um ponto adicional de falha potencial do sistema de monitoração, quando se usa a arquitetura centralizada, com o agravante de que os CLPs são, em geral, equipamentos projetados para uso em ambientes industriais, e não em subestações de energia elétrica, onde são encontradas condições de temperaturas ambientes e interferências eletromagnéticas externas, o que leva a um elevado índice de falhas; - Os elevados custos de aquisição de um grande número de computadores, licenças de sistemas operacionais e licenças de softwares de monitoração, além dos custos de instalação desses e equipamentos e softwares em centenas de subestações espalhadas pelas extensas áreas geográficas atendidas pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica, para permitir a monitoração de todo o seu parque de equipamentos de alta tensão; - Os elevados custos de manutenção dos sistemas de monitoração, chegando à necessidade de uma equipe de manutenção dedicada a manter em operação centenas ou milhares de computadores em centenas de subestações espalhadas por extensas áreas geográficas, incluindo seus hardwares, sistemas operacionais e software de monitoração; - Custos de manutenção ainda maiores para os sistemas de monitoração, tornando mais premente a necessidade de uma equipe de manutenção dedicada, se a arquitetura centralizada for utilizada, considerando a missão de manter em operação as centenas ou milhares de elementos centralizadores (CLPs) dispersos em centenas de subestações em extensas áreas geográficas; - A necessidade de deslocar todo o sistema de aquisição de dados, incluindo CLP´s e computadores, em caso de realocação do equipamento de alta tensão em uma nova subestação, ou, no mínimo, a realização de procedimentos que requerem técnicos e sistemas especializados para transferência dos dados do equipamento realocado para outro computador na nova instalação, com risco de acidentes com os computadores na remoção, no transporte ou na nova instalação, com risco de acidentes com os computadores na remoção, no transporte ou na nova instalação, que podem provocar a perda total ou parcial dos dados aquisitados durante anos, comprometendo o histórico de vida do transformador e, consequentemente, todo o programa de manutenção do transformador; - Os elevados custos de instalação e manutenção de computadores especiais, com altíssima capacidade de processamento, caso se opte por empregar um só computador central para a monitoração de todo o parque de equipamentos de alta tensão da concessionária, agravados pela necessidade de mão de obra altamente especializada para tais tarefas; - A baixa confiabilidade do sistema de monitoração, caso se opte por empregar um só computador central para a monitoração de todo o parque de equipamentos de alta tensão, visto que a falha deste computador deixaria todos os equipamentos sem monitoração simultaneamente; - O elevado investimento necessário para contornar a baixa confiabilidade citada, com a duplicação do computador especial de alto desempenho citado a fim de obter uma configuração redundante. [023] - The centralizing device (PLC) leads to an increase in the cost of acquisition and installation of the system, in the case of systems with centralized architecture; - The centralizing device (PLC) constitutes an additional point of potential failure of the monitoring system, when using the centralized architecture, with the aggravation that PLCs are, in general, equipment designed for use in industrial environments, and not in substations. electrical energy, where ambient temperature conditions and external electromagnetic interference are encountered, which leads to a high failure rate; - The high costs of acquiring a large number of computers, operating system licenses and monitoring software licenses, in addition to the costs of installing these and equipment and software in hundreds of substations spread over the extensive geographic areas served by electricity utilities, to allow the monitoring of your entire park of high voltage equipment; - The high maintenance costs of the monitoring systems, reaching the need for a maintenance team dedicated to keeping hundreds or thousands of computers in operation in hundreds of substations spread over extensive geographic areas, including their hardware, operating systems and monitoring software; - Even higher maintenance costs for monitoring systems, making the need for a dedicated maintenance team more urgent, if the centralized architecture is used, considering the mission of keeping in operation the hundreds or thousands of centralizing elements (PLCs) dispersed in hundreds of substations in extensive geographic areas; - The need to move the entire data acquisition system, including PLCs and computers, in case of relocation of high voltage equipment in a new substation, or, at least, the performance of procedures that require specialized technicians and systems for transfer the data of the equipment relocated to another computer in the new installation, with the risk of accidents with the computers in the removal, in the transport or in the new installation, with the risk of accidents with the computers in the removal, in the transport or in the new installation, which can cause the total or partial loss of data acquired over the years, compromising the transformer's life history and, consequently, the entire transformer maintenance program; - The high costs of installing and maintaining special computers, with extremely high processing capacity, if you choose to use a single central computer to monitor the entire fleet of high voltage equipment at the concessionaire, aggravated by the need for highly manpower specialized for such tasks; - The low reliability of the monitoring system, if one chooses to employ a single central computer for the monitoring of the entire park of high voltage equipment, since the failure of this computer would leave all equipment without monitoring simultaneously; - The high investment required to circumvent the aforementioned low reliability, with the duplication of the aforementioned special high-performance computer in order to obtain a redundant configuration.
    [0024] [024] Aware of the state of the art, its inconveniences and limitations, the inventor, a person active in the segment under consideration, after studies and research, created the “DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, TRANSFORMERS OF INSTRUMENTS, SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONGENERATING FOR ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTATIONS ”, in question, which makes it more reliable and reduces the costs associated with real-time monitoring of the state of high voltage equipment used in substations and plants high voltage, supplying the current deficiencies with regard to the drawbacks abundantly illustrated in the state of the art. MAIN ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
    [0025] - Eliminam-se pontos adicionais de falhas potenciais ao não serem instalados dispositivos centralizadores, ainda mais considerando que tais dispositivos são, em geral, projetados para uso em ambientes industriais, e não em subestações de energia elétrica, onde são encontradas condições de temperaturas ambientes e interferências eletromagnéticas extremas, que os levam a um elevado índice de falhas; - Eliminam-se os custos de manutenção dos dispositivos centralizadores (CLPs) para os sistemas de monitoração, que estariam dispersos em centenas de subestações em extensas áreas geográficas; - Evitam-se os custos de aquisição de um grande número de computadores, licenças de sistemas operacionais e licenças dos softwares de monitoração, além dos custos de instalação desses equipamentos e softwares em centenas de subestações espalhadas pelas extensas áreas geográficas atendidas pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica, visto que o sistema proposto e sua arquitetura permitem a monitoração de todos os equipamentos de alta tensão de uma concessionária de energia elétrica sem necessidade de computadores nas subestações e usinas; - Reduzem-se os custos de manutenção dos computadores dos computadores do sistema de monitoração, pois é empregado apenas um computador central ao invés de centenas ou milhares de computadores em centenas de subestações espalhadas por extensas áreas geográficas, cada um com seu próprio hardware, sistema operacional e software de monitoração, que exigiriam manutenção; - Apesar de ser empregado apenas um computador central para a monitoração de centenas de equipamentos de alta tensão, evita-se o uso de computadores especiais, com altíssima capacidade de processamento e com altos custos de instalação e manutenção, permitindo o emprego para essa função de computadores comuns de mercado, relativamente de baixo custo; - Apesar de ser empregado apenas um computador central para a monitoração de todos os equipamentos de alta tensão, mantém-se elevada a confiabilidade do sistema de monitoração, visto que os sensores inteligentes desempenham de forma autônoma e distribuída várias das funções necessárias para o sistema, mesmo em caso de falha do computador central; - Dada a autonomia dos sensores inteligentes do novo sistema exposto, evita-se a perda de dados importantes para a monitoração de estado dos equipamentos de alta tensão em caso de falha na rede de comunicação ou mesmo no computador central; - Permite o acesso dos usuários aos dados e informações do sistema de monitoração mesmo em caso de falha do computador central, elevando a disponibilidade do sistema de monitoração; - Permite redundância interna dos bancos de dados usados para armazenamento das medições efetuadas, permitindo que os sensores restaurem dados que se tenham perdido no computador central ou que este restaure os dados que se tenham perdido nos sensores; - Dado o relativamente baixo custo do computador central de monitoração empregado, torna-se economicamente viável, para obter confiabilidade ainda maior a utilização de dois ou mais computadores centrais operando de forma redundante; - Dependendo das necessidades de monitoração específicas do usuário e das características de sua rede, permite a eliminação completa do uso de computadores para o sistema de monitoração, inclusive o computador central; - Elimina-se a necessidade de transferência de equipamentos de aquisição de dados em caso de realocação do equipamento de alta tensão de uma subestação ou usina para outra, uma vez que os sensores são instalados diretamente no equipamento e são automaticamente transferidos juntamente com este. Ao chegar à nova subestação, basta reconectar os sensores da rede de comunicação para que estes estejam acessíveis aos usuários e sejam automaticamente reconhecidos pelo computador central. Com isto, é preservado e dado continuidade ao histórico do equipamento, independente de sua mudança de localização geográfica. [025] - No need to use centralizing devices (PLCs) in high voltage equipment, reducing the acquisition and installation costs of the monitoring system; - Additional points of potential failures are eliminated when centralizing devices are not installed, especially considering that such devices are, in general, designed for use in industrial environments, and not in electric power substations, where ambient temperature conditions are encountered and extreme electromagnetic interference, which leads to a high failure rate; - The maintenance costs of centralizing devices (PLCs) for monitoring systems are eliminated, which would be dispersed in hundreds of substations in wide geographical areas; - The costs of acquiring a large number of computers, operating system licenses and monitoring software licenses are avoided, in addition to the costs of installing this equipment and software in hundreds of substations spread over the extensive geographic areas served by the electric utilities , since the proposed system and its architecture allow the monitoring of all high voltage equipment of an electric utility without the need for computers in substations and power plants; - The maintenance costs of the computers of the monitoring system computers are reduced, since only one central computer is used instead of hundreds or thousands of computers in hundreds of substations spread over extensive geographical areas, each with its own hardware, system operational and monitoring software, which would require maintenance; - Although only one central computer is used to monitor hundreds of high voltage equipment, the use of special computers, with very high processing capacity and high installation and maintenance costs, is avoided, allowing the use for this function of common computers on the market, relatively low cost; - Although only one central computer is used for the monitoring of all high voltage equipment, the reliability of the monitoring system remains high, since the intelligent sensors perform autonomously and distributed several of the functions necessary for the system, even in the event of a central computer failure; - Given the autonomy of the smart sensors in the new system exposed, the loss of important data for monitoring the status of high voltage equipment in the event of a failure in the communication network or even in the central computer is avoided; - Allows users to access data and information from the monitoring system even in the event of a central computer failure, increasing the availability of the monitoring system; - It allows internal redundancy of the databases used to store the measurements made, allowing the sensors to restore data that has been lost in the central computer or to restore the data that has been lost in the sensors; - Given the relatively low cost of the central monitoring computer used, it becomes economically viable, to obtain even greater reliability the use of two or more central computers operating in a redundant way; - Depending on the specific monitoring needs of the user and the characteristics of his network, it allows the complete elimination of the use of computers for the monitoring system, including the central computer; - The need to transfer data acquisition equipment in the event of relocation of high voltage equipment from one substation or plant to another is eliminated, since the sensors are installed directly on the equipment and are automatically transferred together with it. Upon reaching the new substation, simply reconnect the communication network sensors so that they are accessible to users and are automatically recognized by the central computer. With this, the history of the equipment is preserved and continued, regardless of its change in geographic location.
    [0026] [026] The invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which they are represented in an illustrative and non-limiting way: Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of the invented system; Fig. 2: Illustrative view of the invented architecture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0027] [027] “DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, BALLOWS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO POWER PLANTS AND ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS, type ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIES that carry out the measurements of interest in the high voltage equipment installed in several substations and power plants and are equipped with internal mathematical processing to obtain useful information for the diagnosis of status, database for storing information, human-machine interface remote via internet pages and communication circuits - interconnected via a communication network to a central monitoring computer, which also has a database and human-machine interface via internet pages, allowing remote user access to the monitoring system interface pages, both on the q sensor using the central computer, through the same communication network.
    [0028] [028] More particularly, the monitoring system described here is composed of intelligent sensors (IED), installed in several high voltage equipment (HVE) existing in a large number of electric power substations or plants (SS), sensors that perform by means of their sensor elements (S) and electronic signal conditioning circuits (SC) the measurements of several variables (M) during the operation of the high voltage equipment (LVH), also having the ability to process their own measurements , together with the measurements of the other sensors (IED), in its microprocessor (UP), to obtain useful information for the diagnosis of the state of the high voltage equipment (HVE), such processes being referred to hereinafter as engineering models . Such sensors (IED) also have database software (DB) executed by their microprocessor (UP), for storing both the measurements made and the results of the Engineering models, with the information from the database (DB) being recorded internally. to the sensor (IED) in the non-volatile memory (MEM), so as not to get lost in case of lack of power to the sensor (IED). Databases (DB) can comply with any of the existing standards in the market for databases, with the SQL standard being cited as an example only.
    [0029] [029] The sensors (IED) also have communication interfaces (COM), which allow their connection to a data communication network (NET), through which they exchange measurements and information between sensors (IED). Also through the communication interface (COM) and the network (NET), which interconnects the various substations (SS) with each other and with the central location (C), the sensors (IED) establish communication with the central monitoring computer ( CM), informing the measurement values and the results of the processing in real time. The central computer (CM) also has a central database (DBC), whose data is kept synchronized with those in the databases (DB) located on the sensors (IED) whenever the computer (CM) can communicate with the sensors (IED). If, for any reason, this communication is interrupted, the sensors (IED) will continue to record the data in their local databases (DB), so that there is no loss of information; as soon as the communication between the sensor (IED) and the computer (CM) is reestablished, the synchronism between the databases (DB) and central databases (DBC) is initiated automatically, with the copy of the database data (DB ) for the central database (DBC), such a copy comprising only those data that exist in the bank (DB) and do not exist in the central database (DBC), in order to avoid the overload of the communication network (NET). The exposed system also effectively prevents data loss from occurring in the event of a failure or interruption in the operation of the central computer (CM), since, during the period in which it is unavailable, the sensor (IED) will continue to perform autonomously the measurements in the high voltage equipment (HVE), the processing of these measurements with the engineering models and the recording of the measurements and the results of the engineering models in the database (DB), such data being copied to the bank central data base (DBC) as soon as the operation of the central computer (CM) is re-established.
    [0030] [030] In the exceptional case of defect and replacement of one of the sensors (IED), the synchronization process of the databases can be carried out in the opposite direction, that is, with the automatic copy of the data in the central database (DBC) ) to the local database (DB) on the new sensor (IED) as soon as it is connected to the network (NET), which defective sensor (IED) it is replacing and to which high voltage equipment (HVE) it is associated. In this way, the sensors (IED) and the central computer (CM) operate in a collaborative and complementary way, acting as a backup - or backup - of each other, in both directions.
    [0031] [031] On the other hand, the existing cost restrictions for the sensors (IED) lead to the tendency that their non-volatile memory (MEM) has capacity for storage in the database (DB) for a relatively short period of time, for example, on the order of weeks, months or a little longer, and after the complete filling of the memory (MEM) the oldest data will begin to be overwritten, that is, erased and replaced by the newly obtained measurements. With this, the central database (DBC) in the central computer (CM) acts as a record of long-term historical data, being able to cover the entire life span of the high voltage equipment (HVE), while the databases (DB) in the sensors (IED) act as course and medium term records.
    [0032] [032] To allow user access (USR), connected to the communication network (NET), to the data and information of the monitoring system, the sensors (IED) and the central computer (CM) use, as man-machine interfaces, pages in the internet standard (WP), for example, of the HTML type, hosted both in the sensors (IED) and in the central computer (CM), allowing to visualize both the measurement data and engineering models in real time and those registered in the database. data (DB), stored in non-volatile memory (MEM). Under regular operating conditions of the monitoring system, users (USR) access the pages (WP) hosted on the central computer (CM), thus avoiding excessive data traffic on the network (NETr) branches that lead to sensors (IED), often installed in distant locations and for that reason even with restricted speed in these branches, especially when many users (USR) connect simultaneously to the monitoring system. However, in the event of a failure in the central computer (CM), users (USR) can directly view the pages (WP) hosted on the sensors (IED), although with some restriction on the number of users accessing them simultaneously, thus avoiding that the monitoring system for all high voltage equipment is unavailable due to the failure of only one of its components, which is the central computer (CM).
    [0033] [033] It should be noted that the exposed system and its peculiar architecture allow for the function of the central computer (CM) to be used equipment in common use in the market, without special needs of high processing capacity, since all calculations and processing of measurements by engineering models, to obtain useful information for maintenance, are carried out locally on the sensors (IED), as well as recordings in databases (DB), leaving the central computer (CM) to make only one copy of the data already available on the sensors (IED) and make it available to users (USR). As a result, the central computer (CM) tends to become a relatively low-cost device, even allowing the use of a redundant configuration, in which one or more additional central computers (CMR), identical to the main central computer (CM) , operate in parallel with it, so that the failure of any of the central computers (CM, CMR) does not interrupt the operation of the others and that they are kept in operation and available for user access (USR), on the central computers (CM, CMR) still functional, the central DBC database) and the interface pages (WP).
    [0034] [034] In an extreme case, databases (DB) and interface pages (WP) embedded in sensors (IED) can allow even the complete elimination of central computers (CM, CMR), if the characteristics of the network (NET) allow and if the user does not need to maintain a database larger than the storage capacity of the local memory (MEM) of the sensor (IED), so that no computer remains in the monitoring system , either in the substations (SS) or in the central location (C).
    [0035] [035] The central location (C), where the central computers (CM, CMR) are installed can refer to different locations or facilities, including the offices of the electricity utility, the Data Processing Center of the same utility, its operation or maintenance centers or an IDC (Internet Data Center) outside the concessionaire's facilities, including the use of central computers (CM, CMR) owned by IDC and rented for use with the monitoring system.
    [0036] [036] In the option of installation in the Data Processing Center of the concessionaire, the central computers (CM, CMR) may be operating in the same environment where corporate management systems are executed, such as the company's ENP system, using thus of a computational environment of high reliability and hierarchically superior, considering that the ERP systems are widely used for the management of all the operational and administrative areas of the company.
    [0037] [037] The proposed monitoring system and its architecture also allow each of the central computers (CM, CMR) to be installed in a different central location (C), for example, a central computer (CM) located in an external IDC and another central computer (CMR) at the concessionaire's Data Processing Center, far from the first, in order to reduce the risk of data loss due to fires, floods or other events.
    [0038] [038] Just to name a few examples and without intending to exhaust all possibilities, the communication network (NET) can consist of one or a combination of several of the existing data transmission options, such as the energy concessionaire's Intranet network electricity, the Internet, GPRS, EDGE, 3G or other data transmission services using the cellular telephone network, dialed or dedicated telephone lines, satellite data transmission, Wi-Fi, Wimax or Zigbee wireless networks, fibers -optics, etc.
    [0039] [039] It should be noted that the exposed monitoring system, as well as its architecture, can allow for small variations, without thereby destroying the invention presented here.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT FOR POWER PLANTS AND ELECTRIC ENERGY SUBSTATIONS (various, characterized by) smart sensors, characterized by several sensors, characterized by several intelligent sensors. high voltage (HVE) in a large number of electric power substations or power plants (SS), sensors that perform, through their sensor elements (S) and electronic signal conditioning circuits (SC), the measurements of several variables (M) during the operation of high voltage equipment (LVH), also having the ability to execute engineering models in its microprocessor (UP) using its own measurements in conjunction with the measurements of the other sensors (IED); the sensors (IED) have a database (DB), executed by their microprocessor (UP), for continuous storage of the measurements made and the results of the engineering models, the data from the database (DB) being stored in the memory not -volatile (MEM); the sensors (IED) have data communication interfaces (NET), through it exchanging measurements and results between sensors (IED) and establishing communication with the central monitoring computer (CM); informing him of the values of the measurements and the results of the engineering models in real time; the central computer (CM) has a central database (DBC) that is kept in sync with the databases (DB) located on the sensors (IED) whenever the computer (CM) can communicate with the sensors (IED), being that in case of interruption of communication, or without interruption in the operation of the computer (CM), automatically restart the synchronism between the databases (DB) and central databases (DBC) as soon as the communication is reestablished, copying from the database (DB) to the central database (DBC) only the data that exists in the database (DB) and does not exist in the central database (DBC); to perform, in case of replacement of a sensor (IED), the synchronization of the databases in the opposite direction, with the automatic copy of the data in the central database (DBC) to the local database (DB) of the new sensor (IED); sensors (IED) and the central computer (CM) host pages in the Internet standard (WP), used as remote human-machine interfaces, allowing users (USR) access, connected to the communication network (NET) to data from measurements and Engineering Models in real time and registered in the database (DB) and in the central database (DBC); for allowing the use of a redundant configuration, in which one or more additional central computers (CMR), identical to the main central computer (CM), operate in parallel with it, so that the failure of any of the central computers (CM, CMR ) do not interrupt the operation of the others and that are kept in operation and available for user access (USR), on the central computers (CM, CMR) still functional, the central database (DBC) and the interface pages (WP) .
    [0002]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONGENERATIVE FOR MACHINES AND ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTATIONS characterized by the network, according to 1 NET) interconnect all sensors (IED) existing in the same substation (SS) and in different substations (SS), also interconnecting the sensors (IED) with the central computer (CM) in the central location (C) and with the users (USR ), and the communication network (NET) may consist of one or a combination of several data transmission options, such as the electricity concessionaire's Intranet network, the Internet, GPRS, EDGE data transmission services, 3G or others that use the cell phone network, dialed or dedicated phone lines, satellite data transmission, WI-Fi, Wimax or Zigbee wireless networks and fiber optics s, among others.
    [0003]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONGENERATIONS FOR PLANTS AND ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTANCES 1 according to and any of the following, according to 1 sensors (IED) acting as a backup of the data on the central computer (CM) and vice versa.
    [0004]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONGENERATIONS FOR PLANTS AND ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTANCES 1, according to 1 and 3, according to 1 and 3, according to 1 characterized in that, under regular operating conditions, users (USR) access the pages (WP) hosted on the central computer (CM) and in case of failure of the central computer (CM) users (USR) access the pages (WP) hosted on the sensors (IED).
    [0005]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT FOR POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTATIONS OF AN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY AND ANY OF THE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIES 1 according to and any of the claims according to 1 and according to 1 central database (DBC) in the central computer (CM) can act as a record of long-term historical data and the databases (DB) in sensors (IED) can act as short and medium term records, data (DB) and central databases (DBC) comply with any of the standards for existing databases on the market.
    [0006]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT FOR POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTANCES OF 1 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY, WITH ANY, 2, OF, ANY, 1, IN ACCORDANCE WITH, 1, 3 4 and 5, characterized by the central location (C), where the central computers (CM, CMR) are installed, can refer to the electric utility's offices, data processing centers of the same utility, to their operation or maintenance or an IDC (Internet Data Center) outside the concessionaire's facilities, among others.
    [0007]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT FOR POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTANCES OF 1 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY, WITH ANY, 2, OF, ANY, 1, IN ACCORDANCE WITH, 1, 3 4, 5 and 6, characterized by the proposed monitoring system that also allows each of the central computers (CM, CMR) to be installed in a different central location (C), distant from each other.
    [0008]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT CONGENERATIONS FOR MACHINES AND ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTATIONS, according to 1 and any of the following, according to 1 allow the elimination of central computers (CM, CMR), with the monitoring system consisting solely of sensors (IED) with databases (DB) and interface pages (WP) on board.
    [0009]
    DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM FOR REMOTE REAL-TIME MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, BREAKERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, SOCKET SWITCHES AND HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT FOR ITS ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIES AND FEATURES, according to the intelligent sensors, according to the electrical sensors, according to ) of the equipment (HVE) of the substations and plants (SS) which, in addition to executing the pertinent engineering models, are equipped with communication interfaces (COM) that connect to a data network (NET), which establishes communication between all sensors (IED) with the central monitoring computer (CM); the central computer (CM) has a central database (DBC) that is kept synchronized with the databases (DB) located on the sensors (IED); by the sensors (IED) and the central computer (CM) to host pages in the internet standard (WP), used as remote human-machine interfaces, allowing the access of the users (USR), connected to the communication network (NET), to the data measurements and engineering models in real time and registered in the database (DB) and in the central database (DBC); for allowing the use of a redundant configuration, in which one or more additional central computers (CMR) operate in parallel with the central computer (CM), in order to keep the system in operation and allow user access to the central database (DBC) and interface pages (WP) in case of failure of any of the central computers (CM, CMR); under regular operating conditions users (USR) access the pages (WP) hosted on the central computer (CM) and in case of failure of the central computer (CM) users (USR) access the pages (WP) hosted on the sensors (IED) ); where by the central location (C), where the central computers are installed (CM, CMR), you can refer to the electric utility's offices, data processing centers of the same utility, its operation centers or the maintenance or an IDC (internet data center) outside the concessionaire's facilities, among others, also allowing each of the central computers (CM, CMR) to be installed in a different central location (C), distant from each other; in which it allows the monitoring system to be made up solely of sensors (IED) with the databases (DB) and the interface pages (WP) embedded.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112012016352A2|2017-12-19|
    US8315719B2|2012-11-20|
    EP2519873B1|2019-04-24|
    ES2733825T3|2019-12-03|
    EP2519873A4|2017-02-08|
    US20110160922A1|2011-06-30|
    EP2519873A1|2012-11-07|
    WO2011079358A1|2011-07-07|
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    法律状态:
    2018-07-10| B08F| Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-07-31| B08G| Application fees: restoration [chapter 8.7 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-20| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 17/02/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/649,699|2009-12-30|
    US12/649,699|US8315719B2|2009-12-30|2009-12-30|Decentralized system and architecture for remote real time monitoring of power transformers, reactors, circuit breakers, instrument transformers, disconnect switches and similar high voltage equipment for power plants and electric power substations|
    PCT/BR2010/000424|WO2011079358A1|2009-12-30|2010-12-20|Decentralized system and architecture for remote real time monitoring of power transformer, reactors, circuit breakers, instrument transformers, disconnect switchers and similar high voltage equipment for power plants and electric power substations|
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