• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SELF-EXPENSION FIXER. In one embodiment, a method for joining a first frame (410) to a second frame (415) comprises aligning a first hole in the first frame with a second hole in the second frame and inserting a fastener (420) in the first hole and the second hole . The fastener (420) comprises a shape memory alloy that was formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory alloy was in an austenite and reduced state for a second shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory was in a martensite state. The method also involves heating the fixer above a transition temperature of the beginning of austenite, so that the fixer starts the free expansion from the second shape back to the first shape and establishes physical contact with the surface of the first orifice and the second orifice and continuing to heat the fixer so that the first structure and the second structure bring the holes together and the fixer undergoes plastic deformation.
    公开号:BR112012013660B1
    申请号:R112012013660-7
    申请日:2010-11-05
    公开日:2020-10-27
    发明作者:Brad L. Kirkwood；Lee C. Firth；Richard D. Widdle；Wesley B. Crow
    申请人:The Boeing Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND
    [001] The purpose described in this document refers to fasteners. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a self-expanding fastener, method of using the self-expanding fastener, and structural assemblies comprising self-expanding fasteners.
    [002] The formation of structures for vehicles such as airplanes, rockets, motor vehicles or ships presents a need to join two or more structural components. For example, an aircraft wing liner needs to be associated with a mast or rib, a fuselage liner for a frame or beam / stringer, or a liner for another liner section through a joint splice. Various types of fasteners can be used to join such components.
    [003] The fasteners referred to as Class I fasteners in the aerospace industry provide effective load transfer by shearing through the contact of the mechanical fastener with the structural components that form the joint. Many aerospace structures use Class 1 fasteners that have diameters that measure approximately 0.0075 cm (0.003 ") less than the hole size. A Class 1 fastener has a tight fit of the fastener to its orifice, reduces the hertzian contact tension in the support with the side wall of the hole, and does not create interference of the fastener with the hole facilitating the insertion of the fastener.
    [004] The non-interference of the fasteners does not completely fill the hole of the fastener, resulting in an unfilled hole that has a concentration of tension at the edge of the hole, which in turn reduces the fatigue time of a structure. The concentration of stress on an unfilled hole means that a structure made of an alloy, such as, for example, a common titanium alloy, TÍ-6A1-4V, will begin to deform plastically at the edge of the hole at a stress level of only 40 Ksi (276 MPa) compared to the normal strain strain of this 120 Ksi (827 MPa) alloy, which is the stress where yield can begin to occur in a structure that does not have a hole.
    [005] Fasteners that have a rod that is larger than the size of the hole (s) into which the fastener is fitted are generally referred to as interference fit fasteners. Interference fit fasteners have an advantage over the joints of Class I fasteners in that they do not create any stress rises in the structural components being joined, producing a long fatigue time. However, they are not often used because specialized freeze insertion is typically required to fit the fastener into the hole.
    [006] DE 10 2005 053987 describes the fastener, which comprises an element made of a shape memory alloy. This element is transformable from a first state to a second state by thermal activation. Heating the element converts martensite to austenite, thereby causing the state of transformation. The transformation state causes a contraction and / or a longitudinal expansion in other directions of the element. By cooling the element, austenite is converted back to martensite, thus returning the element to the first state.
    [007] US 5,120,175 describes a fastener, which comprises an elongated stem formed from a shape memory alloy, a head at the upper end of the stem and an annular segment at the lower end of the stem. The annular segment has a deformed cross-sectional shape suitable for insertion into an opening that extends through adjacent workpieces. The annular segment radially expands towards the deformed shape to a trained shape when heated above a critical transformation temperature. Since the trained form is larger than the opening of the workpieces, the fixture is held in place with respect to the workpieces.
    [008] Thus, stronger, lighter joints with longer fatigue times can be created with any fastener that can fill a fastener hole to remove the stress concentration effect from the hole. In addition, the fastener should be easily inserted into the hole, and should leave residual compressive stresses on the surface of the hole to increase the fatigue time of the structure. SUMMARY
    [009] In various respects, self-expanding fasteners, methods for using such fasteners, and structures that incorporate such fasteners are provided. In one aspect, a method is provided for joining a first structure to a second structure. In one embodiment, the method comprises aligning a first hole in the first frame with a second hole in the second frame and inserting a fastener in the first hole and the second hole. The fixer comprises a shape memory alloy that was first formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first and second hole in the joint when the shape memory alloy was in its austenite phase at a higher temperature high. This fastener is formed for a second shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first and second joint holes when the shape memory alloy is in the martensite phase at a lower temperature. The method also includes the insertion of the fixative at a temperature when the fixative is in the martensite phase state and either heating the fixative or allowing it to warm up to room temperature, where it is above its austenite start transition temperature. . Upon heating, the fastener starts free expansion from the second shape back to the first shape and establishes the contact of physical interference with the surface of the first and second holes. Continuing to heat the fixer across the temperature range from the start of austenite to the finish of austenite and beyond allows the fixer to first start plastic deformation in the structural components it is joining, and finally, being plastically deformed by itself.
    [0010] In another aspect, a structural assembly is provided. In one embodiment, the structural embodiment comprises a first structural component comprising a first orifice having a first diameter and a second structural component comprising a second orifice having a second diameter, both holes having approximately equal diameters. The structural assembly also comprises a fastener sized to fit the first orifice and the second orifice. The fixer comprises a shape memory alloy that was formed and heat treated in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first orifice and second orifice when the shape memory alloy was in an austenite phase ( high temperature). This fixer was subsequently reduced to a second shape having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice, when the shape memory alloy was in a martensite (low temperature) phase. After insertion of the fastener, the fastener is heated above an austenite start transition temperature, such that the fastener starts the free expansion of the second shape back to the first shape. During expansion, the nitinol fixer establishes physical contact with the surface of the first orifice and the second orifice, and during further heating the restricted expansion of the nitinol fixer causes the first structure and the second structure close to the holes, and then the fixer by itself, undergo the plastic deformation.
    [0011] In yet another aspect, a fastener is provided for attaching a first structure comprising a first hole having a first diameter to a second structure comprising a second hole having a second diameter approximately equal to the first diameter. In one embodiment, the fastener comprises a body sized to fit the first orifice and the second orifice. The holder body comprises a shape memory alloy that was formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first hole and the second hole when the shape memory alloy was in a high temperature austenite phase , and reduced to a second shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory alloy was in the lower temperature martensite phase. After insertion in the two holes, the fixator body is heated above an austenite transition start temperature, in such a way that the body starts free expansion from the second shape back to the first shape and establishes physical contact with the surface of the first orifice and the second orifice, and during the additional heating of the first structure and the second structure close to the holes and the body of the fastener itself undergoes plastic deformation.
    [0012] The characteristics, functions and advantages discussed in this document can be obtained independently in several modalities described in this document or can be combined in still other modalities, other details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0013] The detailed description is described with reference to the attached figures.
    [0014] Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating the operations in a method to produce a fastener, according to the modalities.
    [0015] Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating operations in a method to join two or more structures, according to the modalities.
    [0016] Figure 3 is a phase diagram illustrating the transformation in the structure of a self-expanding fastener, according to the modalities.
    [0017] Figures 4A and 4B are illustrations in cross section of a structural assembly and a fastener, according to the modalities.
    [0018] Figures 5A and 5B are illustrations in cross section of a structural assembly and a fastener, according to the modalities.
    [0019] Figures 6A and 6B are cross-sectional illustrations of a structural assembly and a fastener, according to the modalities.
    [0020] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional illustration of a structural assembly and a fastener, according to the modalities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0021] In the following description, numerous specific details are described to provide a complete understanding of various modalities. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various modalities can be practiced without specific details. In other examples, well-known methods, procedures and components are not illustrated or described in detail so as not to obscure particular modalities.
    [0022] In this document, modalities of a self-expanding fastener are described, methods for using equal and structural assemblies incorporating self-expanding fasteners. In the embodiments, a fastener, as described in this document, can be used to hold two or more structures together and has the ability to expand after insertion to place the fastener either in interference or in close contact with the two structures it is fixing. The expansion of the fastener in the holes can work plastically by hardening the surface of the hole in the structure and create a residual compression stress that is approximately equal to the stress of the limit of the materials from which the structures and fasteners are formed, respectively. In use, the fastener expands to fill the holes in the structures and reduces the stress concentration effect of the hole. Removing the stress concentration from the orifice and creating high residual compression stresses at the interface significantly increases the fatigue time of the structure. In addition, since the expanding fastener fills the hole to improve the fatigue life of the structure, it is not necessary to drill high tolerance close-fitting Class I holes to obtain a high quality fastener joint.
    [0023] In one aspect, fasteners according to the modalities that use the shape memory effect of certain metal alloys referred to as shape memory alloys. Generally speaking, shape memory alloys exist in one of two crystal structures, generally referred to as martensite, the low temperature phase and austenite, the highest temperature phase. A shape memory alloy can be formed into a shape while in its high temperature austenite phase. When a shape memory alloy device is deformed while in its martensite phase at a lower temperature, the device will retain the deformed shape until it is heated back to the austenite phase, after which it recovers its original shape, this is known like the shape memory effect.
    [0024] In some embodiments, a fastener can be formed from an alloy of memory shape metal alloys, such as alloys based on 40% Beta Cu-Zn for the lower strength metal structures (ie , resistance to deformation below 70 Ksi (483 MPa) or from NiTi alloys (commonly known as Nitinol) for metal alloys with yield strengths in the range of 100 Ksi to 200 Ksi (689 to 1379 MPa). and the microstructure can be chosen for each joint design.
    [0025] Referring now to figures 1-3, in some embodiments the fixer can be formed first by heating the alloy of a restraining tool, such that the alloy is above austenite transition temperature (operation 110) . This is usually done by annealing the device at temperatures of 500 to 700 ° C, below the order-disorder transformation to nitinol. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the austenite transition temperature will vary as a function of the alloy used to form the fixative, for example, nitinol alloys that are rich in nickel or that have nickel-substituted iron or cobalt in the alloy chemistry will have temperatures early austenite transformation temperature below room temperature.
    [0026] With reference to figure 1, the operation of the fastener 115 is formed in a first form when the alloy is in its austenite state. The specific shape of the fastener is not critical. Various types of fastener shapes are provided below with reference to figures 4-6. The non-cylindrical "hourglass" shown in figures 6A-6B has the ability to fully expand into structural components being joined close to that of its surface. This shape has the ability to put a clamping resistance on the joint and is able to resist being pulled from the structure and is able to act as a fastener without a head, making it an ideal "flush-head" rivet for using expanding nitinol fastener concept.
    [0027] In operation 120 the fixer is cooled below its martensite transition temperature. In some embodiments, this can be done by cooling the fastener in a slow controlled manner to promote large variant sizes of martensite throughout the fastener body. Cooling the fastener in a slow controlled way controls the resistance to deformation of the martensitic memory fastener, so that it will be deformed after first deforming the structural components that it is joining during heating after inserting the fastener. This allows the fastener to expand, deform the holes and be deformed by itself, so the nitinol fastener will not fall out of the interference joint if the structure is subsequently cooled below the martensite start temperature of the alloy fastener. martensitic memory. The martensitic memory alloy fasteners with a resistance to plastic deformation greater than the final resistance of one or both of the structural components being joined can still be used if the martensite start transformation temperature of the chosen fastener material is more lower than the lowest possible use temperature of the structure. This is because the fastener will not be deformed after insertion and heating, "locking" inside the structure. In other embodiments, the fastener can be cooled by abruptly cooling the fastener in a cooling liquid to quickly cool the fastener to promote small variant sizes in the martensite grain structure for high resistance to deformation to join structures made from alloys based on high strength nickel, PH stainless steels hardened by aging or beta titanium alloys or hard cooling tool steels and tempered with resistance to deformation in excess of 150 Ksi (1034 MPa).
    [0028] After the fixer has cooled to the martensite phase below the martensite finishing transformation temperature, the fixer can be deformed (operation 125) to reduce its diameter. In some embodiments, the fixative can be forged in a mold to reduce its diameter by an amount between two percent (2%) to 10 percent (10%) in nitinol. After the fastener is forged in a mold, the fastener can be kept at temperatures below the austenite start transformation temperature until the fastener is inserted into the hole during assembly. The austenite onset transformation temperature of some shape memory alloys is above ambient temperatures of approximately 90 degrees Celsius to 100 degrees Celsius. Thus, the fastener can be packaged, transported and otherwise moved in its martensite phase.
    [0029] Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating the operations in a method to join two or more structures, according to the modalities. The operations in figure 2 will be explained with reference to a single orifice. One skilled in the art will recognize that most joining operations use multiple fasteners in multiple holes, joining two or more structural components together. Thus, in practice, certain operations in figure 2 will be repeated in multiple holes. Referring now to figure 2, in operation 210, the holes in the structures to be joined are aligned along a common axis. In operation 215, the fastener is inserted into the holes of two structural components.
    [0030] In operation 220, the fastener is heated through a phase of free expansion in which there is no physical contact between the fastener and the internal surfaces of the holes in which the fastener is placed. In some modalities, heating can occur by inserting a martensitic transformation memory alloy, at a subtle temperature and allowing it to warm naturally by contact with structural components or by inserting a martensitic memory alloy with a transformation above ambient temperatures and using electrical resistive heating to heat the fixer across its transformation temperature range. With reference to figure 3, this operation is illustrated by the arrow 310 in the diagram. During this phase of the heating operation the fixer crosses the transition temperature from the beginning of austenite (As), causing the fixer to start transforming into austenite and expand to its larger initial shape. As the fastener undergoes free expansion, it has not yet contacted the orifice surface and the compression stress on the fastener remains at zero.
    [0031] In operation 225, the fastener continues to be heated through the transformation of austenite and the growth of the fastener establishes contact between the fastener and the internal surfaces of the holes in which the fastener is placed. Additional heating of the fastener in this restricted expansion arrangement will not cause it to expand, but on the contrary, it will increase the compression tension between the fastener and the surface of the holes. Referring to figure 3, the restricted expansion initiation event is illustrated by arrow 312 in the orifice diagram.
    [0032] In operation 230, the fastener is heated enough to be above the resistance to deformation of structural components to induce plastic deformation on the surface of the hole in the structures being joined. With reference to figure 3, this event is illustrated by the arrow 314 in the diagram. This deformation stress is indicated in the diagram by line 316. As the trial fastener continues to expand, the material around the hole in the structures being joined undergoes additional plastic deformation, increasing the material's resistance by cold working.
    [0033] In operation 235, the fastener is heated to induce plastic deformation in the fastener. With reference to figure 3, this event is illustrated by the arrow 318 in the diagram. This event begins when the compression stress between the fastener and the orifice reaches the deformation stress of the martensite memory material from which the fastener is formed. This strain strain is indicated in the diagram by line 318. As the fastener tries to continue to expand, the fastener and the structure undergo additional plastic deformation, increasing the resistance of both components at the interface of their contact.
    [0034] Thus, the operations in figure 2 illustrate the heating of a shape memory through four distinct phases: a free expansion phase, a restricted expansion phase, a phase in which the plastic deformation is induced at the interface in structural materials being joined, and a phase in which the plastic deformation is induced in the fastener. The plastic deformation in the untransformed martensitic structure of the martensitic memory alloy in the fastener prevents any further transformation of the fastener from martensite to austenite, effectively locking the fastener in the hole. The plastic deformation of the fixer pre-vine the reversible nature of the transformation of thermoelastic martensitic memory alloy to occur. In other words, the plastic deformation of the fastener effectively locks the fastener in its current state such that the fastener will not shrink and fall out of the orifice if it is subsequently cooled below the martensitic start transformation temperature. The "locking" of the plastic deformation allows the martensite memory alloys whose transformation temperatures are at or above room temperature to be used. When the rod is deformed in the hole, the resistance to deformation of the fastener is also increased to a level that is equal to the structural material it is joining. This deformation increases the shear strength of the fastener, so that it can transfer more shear load between the structures when stacking the joints.
    [0035] In practice, the composition of the alloys from which the fastener and structures are composed can be selected in such a way that the strain strain of the structures is slightly less than the strain strain of the fastener, as illustrated in figure 3. In one embodiment, the fixative is developed from a Nitinol alloy in which the martensite structure begins to deform plastically at a stress level of 5% to 10% (~ 5 to 10 Ksi (34 to 69 MPa)) higher than the strain stress of the structural material it is joining, so it will be plastically deformed after working the orifice hardening.
    [0036] In addition, the amount of expansion and the amount of deformation that occur within the structure are determined by the amount of cold mold forging done on the fastener. Greater deformation during the forging operation yields a greater area of plastic deformation and more deformation around the orifice. In practice, the upper limit of such deformation is about 8% to 10% in nitinol, lower in beta bronze alloys.
    [0037] The plastic deformation in the untransformed martensite structure of the martensite memory alloy or Nitinol rod will prevent any further transformation in the martensite fastener, ring or rivet and "lock" the fastener inside the hole. By deformation of the rod in the hole, the resistance to deformation of the fastener is increased to a level equal to that of the structural material that is joining. This deformation increases the shear strength of the fastener, so that it can transfer more shear load between the sheets in the joint stack.
    [0038] As described above, the particular shape of the fixer is not critical although some of the shapes, such as the "hourglass", provide additional benefits, as noted previously. Figures 4A-4B, 5A-5B and 6A-6B are seen in cross section of a structural assembly and fasteners, according to the modalities. Referring first to figure 4A, in one embodiment a fastener 420 can be used to fasten a first structure 410 to a second structure 415. Figure 4A represents the fastener 420 in its martensite state, where the fastener is smaller than the orifice in the orifice in structures 410, 415. The fastener 420 comprises a head 422 and a stem 424. Once the fastener is positioned in the hole, the fastener can be heated, as described above with reference to figure 2. As a result , the fastener expands and locks into the hole, as shown in figure 4B.
    [0039] With reference to figure 5A, in one embodiment a fastener 520 can be used to fasten a first structure 510 to a second structure 515. Figure 5A describes the fastener 520 in its martensite state, where the fastener is smaller than that the orifice in the orifice in the frames 510, 515. The fastener 520 comprises an hourglass-shaped body and a first locking ring 522 and a second locking ring 524. Again, once the fastener 520 is positioned in the orifice 520, the fastener can be heated as described above with reference to figure 2. As a result, the fastener expands and locks into the hole, as illustrated in figure 5B. An advantage associated with the use of locking rings 522, 524 is that two different martensite memory alloys with different transformation temperatures and / or strain strains or strain amounts can be employed for a structural pile joint of two materials of so that each ring is optimized for each material in the joint. For example, the locking ring a fastener that joins a composite polymeric graphite structure to a titanium structure may have less expansion or transformation than the locking ring used on the titanium side of the joint to just "fill" the hole to eliminate the stress concentration caused by the hole, but not to deform the polymeric compound (such as the titanium locking ring), as this could cause cracks.
    [0040] Figures 6 A and 6B are seen in cross section of a structural assembly and a fastener, according to the modalities. Referring first to figure fig. 6A, in one embodiment a fastener 620 can be used to attach a first frame 610 to a second frame 615. The figure. 6A describes the fastener 620 in its martensite state, where the fastener is smaller than the hole in the frames 610, 615. The fastener 620 comprises a head 622 and a rod 624. Once the fastener 620 is positioned in the hole, the fastener can be heated as described above with reference to figure 2. As a result, the fastener 620 expands and locks into the hole, as illustrated in figure 4B.
    [0041] The specific mechanism by which the fastener (s) is / are heated is not critical. In some embodiments, the fasteners (s) can be positioned in their respective holes and the entire structure can be heated. In other embodiments, the fastener (s) can be heated by applying a heat source external to the fastener (s). In still other modalities, it may be beneficial to select a martensite memory alloy for the fixer, whose transformation temperatures are sub-ambient, so that no heating of the fixer is necessary to cause its transformation, the natural heat flow from the room temperature structure for the cold fixer will perform the task. Referring now to figure 7, in still other embodiments, the fastener (s) 720 can (m) comprise a hole drilled in the stem 724 of the fastener (s) 720 to receive a heating element 726. The element heating element 726 can be incorporated as an electrical resistance heating element or the like. When the heating element 726 is activated, the fastener 720 is heated, which causes the fastener 720 to expand as described above, thereby locking the first structure 710 on the second structure 715.
    [0042] Reference in the report to "a modality" or "some modalities" means that a particular aspect, structure or characteristic described in connection with the modality is included in at least one implementation. The appearances of the phrase "in one modality" in various places in the report may or may not all be referring to the same modality.
    [0043] Although the modalities have been described in specific language for structural aspects and / or methodological acts, it must be understood that the subject matter claimed cannot be limited to the specific aspects or acts described. Instead, specific aspects and acts are disclosed as sample ways to implement the claimed subject matter.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    1. Method for joining a first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) to a second structure (415, 615, 715), characterized by the fact that it comprises: aligning a first hole in the first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) with a second hole in the second frame (415, 615, 715); insert a fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) into the first hole and the second hole, where the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) comprises a memory alloy so that it was formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than a diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory alloy is in an austenite state and reduced to a second shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the alloy form memory is in a martensite state; heat the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) above an austenite onset transition temperature, so that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) initiates free expansion from the second shape back to the first forms and establishes physical contact with the surface of the first orifice and the second orifice; continue to heat the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) so that the first frame (410, 510, 610, 710) and the second frame (415, 615, 715) bring the holes together and the fastener (420, 520 , 620, 720) undergoes plastic deformation.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) is forged in a cold mold to shrink the diameter of the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) by a amount between two percent (2%) and ten percent (10%) in nitinol.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) is formed from a shape alloy having a transformation temperature of austenitic finish which is approximately 50 degrees to 70 degrees below room temperature.
    [0004]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) is formed from a memory alloy so that it begins to deform plastically at a level between 5% and 10% higher than the deformation stress of the first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) and the second structure (415, 615, 715), so that the fastener (420, 520, 620 , 720) is plastically deformed after the first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) and the second structure (415, 615, 715) are plastically deformed.
    [0005]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) comprises an orifice for receiving a heating element (725); and heating the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) comprises inserting a heating element (420, 520, 620, 720) into the hole.
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) is monolithic and comprises a head (422, 622) and an axle (424, 624, 724).
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) comprises a body, preferably formed in an hourglass shape and opposite collars adapted for adjustment at the ends opposite the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720).
    [0008]
    8. Structural assembly, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) comprising a first orifice having a first diameter; a second structure (415, 615, 715) comprising a second orifice having a second diameter, approximately equal to the first diameter; a fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) dimensioned to fit in the first and second holes, in which the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) comprises a memory alloy so that it was formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory alloy was in an austenite state and reduced to a second shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the first orifice and the second orifice when the shape memory alloy was in a martensite state; wherein the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) is heated above an austenitic start transition temperature, so that the fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) initiates free expansion from the second turn shape to the first shape and establishes physical contact with the surface of the first and second holes, and still heated so that the first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) and the second structure (415, 615, 715) bring the holes together and the fixer undergoes plastic deformation.
    [0009]
    9. Fastener (420, 520, 620, 720) for fastening a first structure (410, 510, 610, 710) comprising a first hole to a second structure (415, 615, 715) comprising a second hole, the fastener characterized by fact that it comprises: a body sized to fit in the first orifice and the second orifice, in which the body comprises a memory alloy so that it was formed in a first shape having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the first orifice and from the second hole when the shape memory alloy was in an austenite state and reduced to a second shape having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the first hole and the second hole when the shape memory alloy was in a martensite state ; where the body is heated above an austenitic onset transition temperature, so that the body starts free expansion from the second shape back to the first shape and establishes physical contact with the surface of the first orifice and the second orifice , and still heated so that the first structure and the second structure bring the holes together and the body undergoes plastic deformation.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20130097847A1|2013-04-25|
    CA2782905C|2017-05-02|
    CN102639883B|2014-12-17|
    US8388292B2|2013-03-05|
    US20110135418A1|2011-06-09|
    WO2011071621A1|2011-06-16|
    BR112012013660A2|2016-04-12|
    US8918978B2|2014-12-30|
    ES2545742T3|2015-09-15|
    EP2510245A1|2012-10-17|
    CA2782905A1|2011-06-16|
    CN102639883A|2012-08-15|
    EP2510245B1|2015-06-17|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-02-26| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2020-04-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-10-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 05/11/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    US12/632,604|US8388292B2|2009-12-07|2009-12-07|Self expanding fastener|
    US12/632,604|2009-12-07|
    PCT/US2010/055683|WO2011071621A1|2009-12-07|2010-11-05|Self expanding fastener|
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