• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    FLOW CONTROL DEVICE, WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES FLUID FLOW, WHEN A FLUID PROPERTY IS IN A SELECTED RANGE. The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling the flow of fluid from a reservoir to a well bore, whose apparatus may include, in one embodiment, a through-flow region, configured to substantially increase the value of a selected, relative parameter to the flow through region, when the selected parameter is in a first range, and maintain a substantially constant value of the selected parameter, when the selected fluid property is in a second range.
    公开号:BR112012007504B1
    申请号:R112012007504-7
    申请日:2010-10-01
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Ronnie D. Russell；Luis A. Garcia；Gonzalo A. Garcia；Eddie G. Bowen；Sudiptya Banerjee
    申请人:Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] This patent application claims the priority of United States provisional patent application serial number 61 / 248,346, filed on October 2, 2009, and entitled: "APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING FLUID FLOW BETWEEN FORMATIONS AND WELLBORES" and United States Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 12 / 630,476, filed on December 3, 2009, entitled "FLOW CONTROL DEVICE THAT SUBSTANTIALLY DECREASE FLOW OF A FLUID WHEN A PROPERTY OF THE FLUID IS IN A RANGE SELECTED". BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
    [0002] [0002] The invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for controlling the flow of fluid from underground formations in a production column in a well bore. 2. Description of the Related Art
    [0003] [0003] Hydrocarbons, such as oil and gas, are recovered from an underground formation using a well or a well hole drilled in the formation. In some cases, the well bore is completed by placing a casing along its length and drilling the casing adjacent to each of the production zones (zone containing hydrocarbons), to extract fluids (such as oil and gas) from that zone. of production. In other cases, the well hole may be an open hole. One or more inflow control devices are placed in the well bore, to control the flow of fluids in the well bore. These devices control the flow of fluids to the well bore. These flow control devices and production zones are generally separated from each other by installing a shutter between them. The fluid from each production zone that enters the borehole is removed by a pipe, which extends to the surface. It is desirable to have a substantially uniform fluid flow throughout the production area. Uneven drainage can result in undesirable conditions, such as the invasion of a gaseous cone or an aqueous cone. In the case of a well for oil production, for example, a gas cone can cause an influx of gas into the well bore, which can significantly reduce oil production. Similarly, an aqueous cone can cause an influx of water into the oil production flow, which reduces the quantity and quality of the oil produced.
    [0004] [0004] A deviated or horizontal well bore is often drilled in a production area to extract fluid from it. Various inflow control devices are placed spaced apart, along this well hole, to drain the formation fluid or inject a fluid into the formation. The forming fluid often contains a layer of oil, a layer of water below the oil and a layer of gas above the oil. For production wells, the horizontal well hole is typically placed above the water layer. The boundary layers of oil, water and gas can be uniform throughout the length of the horizontal well. Also, certain properties of the formation, such as porosity and permeability, may not be the same across the length of the well. Therefore, the fluid between the formation and the well hole may not flow evenly through the inflow control devices. For productive well holes, it is desirable to have a relatively uniform flow of production fluid to the well hole, and also inhibiting the flow of water and gas through each inflow control device. Active flow control devices have been used to control the formation fluid in the well holes. These devices are relatively expensive, and include moving parts, which require maintenance and may not be very safe for the life of the borehole. Passive inflow control devices ("ICDs"), which are capable of limiting the flow of water and gas to the well bore, are therefore desirable.
    [0005] [0005] The present invention provides passive ICDs, which, in one aspect, limit the flow of fluids having unwanted viscosities or densities, and in another aspect, maintain a substantially constant flow of fluids having desired viscosities or densities. SUMMARY
    [0006] [0006] In one aspect, the invention provides a flow control device for controlling the flow of a fluid between a formation and a well bore. The flow control device may include, in one embodiment, an inflow region, a flow region and a discharge region, in which the flow region is configured to substantially increase the pressure drop, when the viscosity or density of the fluid is in a first range, and maintain a substantially constant pressure drop when the viscosity or density of the fluid is in a second. In another embodiment, the flow region may include a structural flow area, an inflow opening and a discharge opening, in which the structural flow area, a fluid flow wheel in the structural flow area, the tortuosity of the route fluid flow rates and the size of the discharge opening are selected so that the pressure loss coefficient ("K") values are substantially higher for fluids having a Reynolds number ("Re") in a first range, compared to fluids having Re in a second range.
    [0007] [0007] In another aspect, a process for producing a flow control device, for use in a well bore, to control the flow of a formation in the well bore, is provided. The process, in one embodiment, may include: defining a flow to the inflow control device; selecting a geometry for a flow region of the flow control device, sufficient to cause a pressure drop across the flow region, which is substantially greater for fluids having viscosity or density in a first range, compared to fluids having viscosity or density in a second band, for the defined flow; and formation of the flow control device having the selected geometry.
    [0008] [0008] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable medium, having access to a processor, having a computer program embedded in it to execute the instructions contained in the computer program, the computer program including: (a ) instructions for accessing a flow to a flow control device; (b) instructions for accessing a first geometry, for a flow region of the flow control device, formed in a tubular element, the flow region including an entrance, an exit, and a tortuous route between the entrance and the outlet, configured to induce turbulence in the flow of fluid between the inlet and outlet, sufficient to reduce an effective flow area of the outlet, to cause a pressure drop through the outlet, which is substantially greater for fluids having viscosity or density in a first band, compared to that of fluids having viscosity or density in a second band, for the defined flow; instructions for computing the pressure drops through the outlet, based on the first geometry corresponding to a plurality of fluid viscosities or fluid densities; (c) instructions for determining whether the computed pressure drops are acceptable; (d) instructions for selecting a different geometry, when pressure drops are not acceptable, and repeat (b) and (c) using different geometry, until pressure drops are acceptable; and (e) store the geometry for which pressure drops are acceptable.
    [0009] [0009] The examples of the most important features of the invention have been summarized rather than presented in a broad way, so that its detailed description, presented below, can be better understood, and so that contributions to the technique can be considered. There are, of course, additional features of the invention, which will be described below, and which will form the subject of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0010] [00010] The advantages and other aspects of the invention will be easily considered by those skilled in the art, as it is better understood by reference to the detailed description presented below, when considered together with the attached drawings, in which the characters of Similar references designate similar or similar elements throughout the various figures in the drawings, and in which: figure 1 is a schematic elevation view of an exemplary multizone well bore, which has a production column installed in it, whose production column includes several ICDs placed in selected locations along the length of the production column; Figure 2 is a graph showing the pressure drop as a function of fluid viscosity, for certain types of flow control devices available, and also a desired pressure drop for a flow control device, to control water flow. by him; figure 3 is a graph showing a desired relationship between the Reynolds number and a pressure loss coefficient, for a flow control device, to control the flow of water through it; figure 4 is an isometric view of a flow control device, including a particulate filtration device and a passive flow control device, according to an embodiment of the invention; figure 5 shows an exemplary structural flow model or flow channel for a flow control device produced according to an embodiment of the invention; figure 6 is a flow diagram showing the results of water flow velocity simulation for a multi-stage flow channel, as shown in figure 5; figure 7 is a flow diagram showing the results of simulating the flow velocity of an oil, having a viscosity of 189 cP, for the multi-stage flow channel shown in figure 5; figure 8 shows the results of laboratory tests of pressure drop versus viscosity for an orifice device, a helical device, a hybrid device and also an exemplary pressure drop for a flow control device, to control water flow by him; figure 9 shows the isometric view of a flow control device, produced according to an embodiment of the invention; figure 10 shows fluid flow routes for illustrative channels of the flow control device shown in figure 9; figure 11 shows a flow channel, which can be used in a flow control device, produced according to an embodiment of the invention; figure 12 shows another flow channel, which can be used in a flow control device, produced according to another embodiment of the invention; figure 13 shows yet another flow channel, which can be used in an inflow control device, produced in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention; and Figure 14 shows yet another flow channel, which can be used in an inflow control device, produced in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0011] [00011] The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for controlling the flow of formation fluids in a well. The present invention provides certain drawings and describes certain embodiments of the apparatus and methods, which are to be considered as exemplary of the principles described in this specification, and which are not intended to limit the invention to the illustrated and described embodiments.
    [0012] [00012] With an initial reference to figure 1, an exemplary fluid production system 100 is shown, which includes a well hole 110, drilled by earth 112 and in pair of production zones or reservoirs 114, 116, of which the hydrocarbon production is intended. The well bore 110 is shown coated with a casing, having several perforations 118, which penetrate and extend into the production areas of formations 114, 116, so that the production fluids can flow from the production areas 114, 116 to the well bore 110. The exemplary well bore 110 is shown to include a vertical section 110a and a substantially horizontal section 110b. The well bore 110 includes a production column (or a production set) 120, which includes a tubing (also referred to as the base tube) 122, which extends below a well head 124, on the surface 126 of the well bore 110. The production column 120 defines an internal axial bore 129 along its length. An annulus 130 is defined between the production column 120 and the well hole casing. The production column 120 has a generally horizontal, offset part 132 that extends along the offset leg 110b of the well bore 110. The production devices 134 are positioned at selected locations along the production column 120. Optionally, each production device 134 is insulated within well bore 110 by a pair of plugging devices 136. Although only two production devices 134 are shown along the horizontal, there may, in fact, be a large number of such production devices arranged over the along the horizontal part 132.
    [0013] [00013] Each production device 134 features a production control device (or a flow control device) 138, used to govern one or more aspects of the flow of one or more fluids, from the production zones to the production column 120. As used in this specification, the term "fluid" or "fluids" includes liquids, gases, hydrocarbons, multi-phase fluids, mixtures of two or more fluids, water and fluids injected from the surface, such as water. In addition, references to water should also be considered as including aqueous fluids, for example, brine or salt water. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the flow control device 138 can have several alternative structural features, which provide for selective operation and fluid flow controlled by it.
    [0014] [00014] Subsurface formations typically contain water or brine, along with oil and gas. Water may be present below an oil-containing zone, and gas may be present above that zone. A horizontal well bore, such as section 110b, is typically drilled through a production zone, such as production zone 116, and can extend more than 152 meters (5,000 feet) in length. Once the borehole has been in production for a period of time, water drains into some of the flow control devices 138. The amount and timing of the inflow of water can vary over the length of the production zone. It is desirable to have flow control devices, which will limit the flow of fluids, when a selected amount of water is present in the production fluid. In one aspect, by limiting the flow of production fluid containing water, the flow control device allows more oil to be produced over the production lifetime of the production zone.
    [0015] [00015] Figure 2 shows a graph 200 illustrating the pressure drop behavior of certain types of ICDs for fluids of different viscosities. The pressure drop "p" by the device is shown along the vertical axis, and the fluid viscosity "" is shown along the horizontal axis. The viscosity of pure water is 1 cP, and the viscosity of most oils present in subsurface formations is between 10 cP - 200 cP. Curve 202 illustrates the pressure drop for an orifice type ICD, in which most of the pressure drop occurs in the orifice and is a function of the diameter of the orifice. The total pressure drop by the orifice type ICD is generally the sum of the pressure drops across all the orifices contained in the ICD. It can be noted that the pressure drop increases significantly as the fluid viscosity increases. In particular, the pressure drop for most oils is greater than the pressure drop for water. Curve 204 corresponds to a helical type ICD, in which the production fluid flows along a relatively long helical route, around a tubular element. Curve 204 shows that the pressure drop for water is greater than the pressure drop for fluids with viscosities up to about 60 cP. Pressure drops for water and fluids with viscosities up to about 20 cP begin to increase for fluids with viscosities greater than about 20 cP. Curve 204 indicates some water blockage and also for those oils with a viscosity greater than about 20 cP. Curve 206 corresponds to a hybrid design, which includes holes separated by a tortuous flow path. One of these ICDs is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12 / 417,346, filed on April 2, 2009, assigned to the assignee of this patent application, which is incorporated into this specification by reference in its entirety. Curve 206 shows that the variation in pressure drop by these devices is greater than the variation in pressure drop by helical type devices, and even though the pressure drop continues to decrease for fluids with viscosities up to about 60 cP . This shows that these devices provide water blockage and less obstruction for certain types of oils, compared to helical type devices. Devices corresponding to curve 206 tend to better inhibit the flow of water to the well bore, as compared to orifice and helical devices. The data shown for curves 202, 204 and 206 are obtained from laboratory test results.
    [0016] [00016] Still with reference to figure 2, it is desirable to provide flow control devices, which will increase the pressure drop for low viscosity fluids, such as fluids having viscosities below about 6 cP or 10 cP, and a drop substantially constant pressure for fluids having viscosities in a range above 6 cP or 10 cP. The pressure drop can increase exponentially as the viscosity decreases in these ranges. Curve 208 shows a particularly desired pressure drop behavior for a flow of fluid through the flow control device, where the pressure drop is substantially greater for fluids with viscosities in a first range, such as viscosities below about 10 cP, and substantially constant for fluids with viscosities in a second range, such as above about 6 cP or 10 cP.
    [0017] [00017] Figure 3 shows a graph 300 of a desired performance curve for a flow control device, expressed as a relationship between the Reynolds number "Re" and the pressure loss coefficient "K". Re is shown along the vertical axis, and K along the horizontal axis. The Reynolds number is additional, and is a ratio between the forces of inertia and the viscous forces. The Re for fluids can be expressed as: Re = forces of inertia / viscous forces Re = (p. V. Dv / dx) / (μ. D2v / dx2) Re = (p DV) / μ, where: p is the density of the fluid, V is the flow volume, v is the speed of the fluid, D is a dimension of the flow area, such as the diameter of an opening, and μ is the viscosity of the fluid. The Reynolds number for low viscosity fluids, such as water, is relatively high compared to high viscosity fluids, such as oils. Therefore, Re can also be expressed as: Re = f (density, viscosity, fluid velocity and one or more surface dimensions)
    [0018] [00018] The pressure drop Dp through a flow area A can be expressed as: Dp = K. (p / A2). v2, where A is the flow area. The pressure loss coefficient K is a function of the Reynolds number Re (K = f (Re)). The inventors have determined that K is also a function of the geometry of the flow path of the fluid through the flow control device, and, in particular, the tortuosity of the flow path within the flow control device, and that, therefore, induction of turbulence in the flow of a fluid affects the pressure drop of fluids of different viscosities, as described in more detail below. The pressure loss coefficient K can be expressed as: K = f (Re, opening size, tortuosity).
    [0019] [00019] Graph 300 shows that it is desirable to have a flow control device, which presents a high pressure loss coefficient K, for fluids with a Reynolds number for water 301, as shown by the curve segment 302. Graph 300 also shows that it is desirable to have a relatively constant pressure loss coefficient K for Reynolds numbers less than the Reynolds number for water 301, as shown by the curve segment 306. The overall behavior of a fluid by an ICD depends on the rheology of the fluid. Rheology is a function of several parameters, including, but not limited to, flow area, tortuosity, friction, fluid velocity, fluid viscosity and fluid density. In certain aspects, the rheology parameters can be calculated or considered as providing flow control devices, which will inhibit the flow of water. The present invention uses the principles of fluid rheology and other factors mentioned above, to provide flow control devices that inhibit the flow of fluids with viscosities or densities in a range, and provide a substantially constant flow of fluids with viscosities or densities in another track. The exemplary flow control devices and methods of producing these devices are described with reference to figures 4 - 14.
    [0020] [00020] Referring then to figure 4, an embodiment of a production device 400 is shown, for controlling the flow of fluids from a reservoir to a production column. Device 400 is shown to include a control device or particulate filtration device 410, for reducing the amount and size of particulates entrenched in fluids, and an ICD 450, which controls the overall drainage rate of forming fluid 455 in the well bore. In one embodiment, the filtration device 410 may include a shroud 412, placed around a pipe 402, a filtration medium 414 placed between the shroud 412 and the pipe 402, and a flow path 416, placed between the shroud medium. filtration 414 and a tubular element 418, The forming fluid flows into the protection 412, which has a perforation pattern, which allows the forming fluid to flow into the filtration device 410. Protection 412 isolates the components of the filtration device 410 from direct exposure to the formation fluid, containing solid particles, and to fluids of relatively high velocities. In addition, protection 412 prevents the flow of large solid particles from entering the filter medium 414. Filter medium 414 filters relatively small solid particles and allows the forming fluid to flow into the fluid flow path 416, and then to the flow control device 450. Exemplary flow control devices are described below.
    [0021] [00021] Figure 5 shows a structural flow model for a flow control device 500, produced according to an embodiment of the invention. The flow control device 500, in one aspect, can include the inflow region 510 and the discharge region 520, in addition to a flow region 530. The flow region 530 can further include one or more stages, such as stages 530a, 530b, 530c, etc., in the flow configuration of the flow control device 500, the forming fluid 501 enters the inflow region 510, whose fluid then enters the first stage 530a, through a hole or a opening 532a, and is discharged from orifice 532a in the second stage 530b. The fluid from the second stage 530b is discharged into the next stage 530c, through the orifice 532c, and then into the discharge region 520, through the orifice 532d.
    [0022] [00022] In certain respects, the first stage 530a can have an axial flow width or distance x1 and a radial height or distance y1. The displacement or misalignment between the inlet port 532a and the outlet port 532b, for stage 530a, is denoted by h1. Similarly, the axial flow distance, the radial distance, and the outlet holes, for the subsequent stages 530b and 530c, are, respectively, denoted by x2, h2 and d3, and x3, h3 and d4. The fluid path through these stages is denoted Fp1, Fp2 and Fp3. The first substantial pressure drop Dp1 occurs at orifice 532a. Fluid 501 then flows along a tortuous Fpi route, and exits through orifice 532b. The second pressure drop Δp2 occurs at port 532b. Similarly, subsequent pressure drops occur at ports 532c and 532d. In one embodiment, most pressure drops occur in the orifices. The pressure drop by device 500 is approximately the sum of the pressure drops at each stage, that is, Δp1, Δp2 and Δp3. As mentioned above, for a given type of fluid (viscosity, density, etc.) and flow, the pressure drop depends on the flow areas, tortuosity of the flow path, etc. In one aspect, each stage in the flow control device 500 can have the same physical dimensions. In another aspect, the radial distance, orifice displacement and orifice size can be selected to provide a desired tortuosity, so that the pressure drop is a function of the viscosity or density of the fluid. In another aspect, the dimensions of these stages may be different. It has been determined that a flow control device, produced according to the aspects shown in figure 5, can provide a greater pressure drop for fluids having relatively low viscosities, for example, less than 10 cP, and a pressure drop substantially constant for fluids having viscosities in a range above 10 cP. In general, the pressure drop through an orifice, such as orifice 532b, is a function of displacement (h), axial distance (x) and a dimension of the orifice (d). In one aspect, the ratio can be x / h> d / h. In another aspect, h can be 4-6 times d.
    [0023] [00023] Figure 6 is a flow diagram 600 showing the results of water flow velocity simulation for a multi-stage flow control device (630a - 630g), as shown in figure 5, where the lines of route are colored by the magnitude of the speed (m / s or ft / s). Fluid velocity increases as fluid 601 progresses from one stage to the next. Recirculating trajectories, such as recirculating trajectories 640a and 640b in stage 632a, indicate that the fluid has a relatively low velocity, and it can therefore be considered that, substantially, the fluid is not flowing through stage 630a. Fluid 610 flows along a tortuous flow path 650a in first stage 632a, the flow path of which includes an axial route 650a and a radial route 650b. The offset or misalignment between the holes is "h". Fluid 601 then exits orifice 660b. The tortuosity of the fluid path 650 and the corresponding pressure drop in the orifice 660b can be controlled by combining the axial distance, radial distance, displacement and orifice size. Consequently, in one embodiment, a flow control device can be designed to limit the flow of a fluid containing water, by selecting the corresponding axial distance, radial distance, displacement and orifice size, to cause a significant pressure drop by the device flow control.
    [0024] [00024] Figure 7 is a flow diagram 700 showing the results of simulating the flow velocity of an oil, having a viscosity of 189 cP, for the multistage flow control device (630a - 630g), shown in the figure 6, in which the route lines are colored by speed (m / s or ft / s). Fluid velocity increases as fluid 701 progresses from one stage to the next. The recirculating paths, like the recirculating path 740a and 740b, at stage 630a, indicate that the fluid has a relatively low velocity, and can therefore be considered as substantially not flowing through stage 630a. It should be noted that these recirculating speed trajectories are less intense when compared to the recirculating trajectories 640a and 640b for water. Fluid 701 flows along a tortuous flow path 750a, in the first stage 630a, the flow path of which includes a first substantially axial route 650a, and a second substantially radial route 650b. The radial route 650b is substantially equal to the travel distance "h". Fluid 701 then exits orifice 660b. The tortuosity of the fluid path 650 and the corresponding pressure drop in the orifice 660b can be combined by selecting the combination of axial distance, displacement and orifice size. Greater turbulence tends to create a greater pressure drop through the holes in the devices, as shown in figure 7.
    [0025] [00025] Figure 8 shows an exemplary comparative graph 800 of pressure drops relative to water for an orifice type device, a helical device, a hybrid device, and a device, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The variation percentage of pressure drop relative to water is illustrated along the vertical axis, and the viscosity of the fluid along the horizontal axis. Curve 802 corresponds to a flow control device of the orifice type, curve 804 corresponds to a helical device, curve 806 corresponds to a hybrid device, and curve 808 corresponds to a flow control device of the type shown in figures 6 and 7. It should be noted that a flow control device, produced according to the principles described in reference to figures 6 and 7, has a high percentage of variation in pressure drop for low viscosity fluid, such as fluids in the viscosity range shown by 810a (up to about 10 cP), and a substantially constant pressure drop for fluids in the viscosity range 810b (from about 10 cP to 180 cP).
    [0026] [00026] Figure 9 shows an isometric view of an embodiment of a passive flow control device 900, produced according to the principles of the present invention. Flow control device 900 is shown to include several structural flow sections 920a, 920b, 920c and 920d, formed around a tubular member 902, each of these sections defining a flow channel or flow path. Each section can be configured to create a predetermined pressure drop, to control a flow of the forming fluid into the well hole piping. One or more of these flow routes or sections can be occluded (not in hydraulic communication with the other section), to provide a selected or specific pressure drop across those sections. The flow of fluid through a particular section can be controlled by closing the holes 930 provided in the selected flow section. The total pressure drop by device 900 is the sum of the pressure drops created by each active section. Structural flow sections 920a - 920d can also be referred to as flow channels. To simplify the description of device 900, flow control for each channel is described with reference to channel 920a. Channel 920a is shown to include an inflow region 910 and a discharge region or area 912. The forming fluid enters channel 920a for inflow region 910, and exits the channel through the discharge region 912. Channel 920a creates a pressure drop by channeling the fluid flowing through a flow region 930, which may include one or more flow stages or ducts, such as stages 932a, 932b, 932c and 932d. Each section can include any desired number of stages. Also, in some ways, each channel on a device can include a different number of stages. In another aspect, each channel or stage can be configured to provide an independent flow path between the inflow region and the discharge region. As mentioned above, some or all of the channels 920a - 920d can be substantially hydraulically isolated from each other. That is, the flow through the channels and the device 900 can be considered as in parallel instead of in series. In this way, the flow through one channel can be partially or totally blocked without substantially affecting the flow through the other channel. It should be understood that the term "parallel" is used in the functional sense, rather than suggesting a particular physical structure or configuration.
    [0027] [00027] Still with reference to figure 9, other details of the flow control device 900 are shown, which create a pressure drop by transporting the fluid through one or more of the plurality of channels 920a - 920d. All channels 920a - 920d can be formed along a wall of a tubular element or base mandrel 902, and include structural features configured to control flow in a predetermined manner. Although not necessary, the channels 920a - 920d can be aligned in a parallel and longitudinal way along the long axis of the mandrel 902. All channels can have an end 132 in fluid communication with the flow hole of the tubular element of the bore. well 402 (figure 4), and a second end 134 (figure 3) in fluid communication with the annular space or annulus, separating the flow control device 120 and the formation. Generally, channels 920a - 920d can be separated from each other, for example, in the region between their respective inflow and discharge regions. In embodiments, channel 920a may be arranged as a labyrinth or labyrinthine structure, which forms a tortuous or rounded flow path for the fluid flowing through it. In one embodiment, each stage 932a - 932d of channel 922a can include, respectively, a chamber 942a - 942d. The openings 944a - 944d hydraulically connect chambers 942a - 942d in a series mode. In the exemplary configuration of channel 920a, the forming fluid enters the inflow region 910 and is discharged into the first chamber 942a, through the orifice or opening 944a. The fluid then travels along a tortuous route 952a and is discharged into the second chamber 942b, through orifice 944b, and so on. All orifices 944a - 944d exhibit a certain pressure drop across the orifice, which is a function of the configuration of the chambers on each side of the orifice, the displacement between the orifices associated with it and the size of each orifice. The configuration and structure of the stage determines the tortuosity and friction of the flow of fluid in each particular chamber, as described in this specification. The different stages in a particular channel can be configured to provide different pressure drops. The chambers can be configured in any desired configuration, based on the principles, methods and other embodiments described in this specification.
    [0028] [00028] Figure 10 shows the fluid flow routes for the four illustrative channels 920a - 920d of the flow control device 900. For ease of explanation, the flow control device 900 is shown in schematic and "open" lines. , to better illustrate channels 920a - d in a uniform plane, as opposed to the tubular illustration in figure 9. Each of these channels 920a - 920d provides a separate and independent flow path between the annulus or the formation and the tubular hole 402 (figure 4), as shown by flow routes 1020a - 1020d. Also, in the shown embodiment, each of the channels 920a - 920d provides a different pressure drop for a flowing fluid. Channel 920a is constructed to provide the least degree of resistance to fluid flow, and thereby provides a relatively small pressure drop. The 920d conduit is constructed to provide the greatest resistance to fluid flow, and thereby provides a relatively large pressure drop. Conduits 920b and 920c provide pressure drops in a range between those provided by conduits 920a and 920d. It should be understood, however, that, in other embodiments, two or more of the conduits can provide the same pressure drops, or that all conduits can provide the same pressure drop. As mentioned above, the flow of fluid from any of the channels can be blocked, partially or completely. In this way, the flow of fluid through the flow control device 900 can be adjusted by selective occlusion of one or more of the channels 920a - 920d. The number of exchanges for available pressure drops varies, of course, with the number of channels, which can be one or more, as desired. Thus, in the embodiments, the flow control device 900 can provide a pressure drop associated with flow through a channel, or a composite pressure drop associated with flow through two or more channels. This device can be configured in the field, and devices configured differently can be placed along the well bore.
    [0029] [00029] Additionally, in the embodiments, some or all of the surfaces of the channels 920a - 920d can be constructed so that they have a specific frictional resistance for the flow. In some embodiments, friction can be increased by using textures, rough surfaces or other such surface characteristics. Alternatively, friction can be reduced by using polished or smoothed surfaces. In embodiments, the surfaces can be coated with a material, which increases or decreases surface friction. Furthermore, the coating can be configured to vary the friction based on the nature of the flowing material (for example, water or oil). For example, the surface can be coated with a hydrophilic material, which absorbs water to increase the frictional resistance to water flow, or a hydrophobic material, which repels water, to decrease the frictional resistance to water flow.
    [0030] [00030] Figure 11 shows an exemplary flow channel or channel 1100, which can be used in an inflow control device, produced in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Such a flow control device may include one or more of these flow channels, or a combination of flow channels. For illustrative purposes, channel 1100 is shown to include stages 1102a - 1102d, all including, respectively, a flow chamber or flow area 1104a - 1104d and a corresponding orifice or discharge conductor 1106a - 1106d. The fluid flow regime, shown in figure 11, is a consequence of the simulation for water flowing through channel 1100. Formation fluid 1101 enters the first chamber 1104a through a conduit 1106a and is discharged into chamber 1104b through the conduit 1106b. The flow path 1120a, in the first chamber 1102a, is defined by the straight section 1122a of the chamber 1102a and the offset h1, between the conductors 1106a and 1106b. The pressure drop occurs at the opening of the duct 1106b. The flow path is defined, in subsequent chambers, it is defined by similar physical parameters. The physical configuration of the stages can be indicated to provide a substantially high pressure drop for fluid with viscosities or densities in a first range (such as fluids containing water), and a substantially constant pressure drop in a second range (such as fluids largely containing oil). The simulation results show that for water for a given mass flow (volume), the pressure drop p through stages 1102a - 1102c is approximately 4.88 times the pressure drop relative to water flowing in a straight pipe section. Areas 1130a - 1130d show, respectively, the zones that do not significantly affect the pressure drop due to their respective stages. In addition, the structure and configuration of the chambers define the tortuosity and turbulence induced in the flowing fluid, define the reduction in the effective opening of each orifice between the chambers. For example, a chamber, which causes a significant degree of turbulence, can cause only about 70% of an orifice opening, to allow fluid flow, due to substantial resistance in and around the orifice. This behavior can also be selectively controlled to produce a desired pressure drop for each stage.
    [0031] [00031] Figure 12 shows a flow channel 1200, which can be used in an inflow control device, according to another embodiment of the invention. For illustrative purposes, channel 1200 is shown to include stages 1202a - 1202d, all including, respectively, a chamber 1204a - 1204d, coupled by a corresponding conduit 1206a - 1206d. The fluid flow regimes, shown in figure 12, are simulation results for water flowing through channel 1200. Formation fluid 1201 enters the first chamber 1204a through a conduit 1206a and is discharged into chamber 1204b, through the conduit 1206b. The flow path 1220a, in the first chamber 1204a, is defined by the curved section 1222a of the chamber 1204a and the displacement h1 between the conduits 1206a and 1206b. The pressure drop occurs in the discharge port of each duct. The flow path in each of the subsequent stages 1202b - 1202 d is defined by similar physical parameters. The physical or structural configuration of each stage can be designed to provide a substantially high pressure drop for fluids with viscosities or densities in a first range (such as fluids containing water), and a substantially constant pressure drop for fluids with viscosities or densities in a second range (such as fluids containing mostly oil). The simulation results show that for a given volume of water flow, the pressure drop Δp through stages 1202b - 1202c is approximately 5.60 times the pressure drop for the same volume of water flowing in a straight pipe section. The degree of pressure drop can be varied by selecting the parameters for each stage. Areas 1230a - 1230-d correspond to areas that do not significantly contribute to pressure drops.
    [0032] [00032] Figure 13 shows another flow channel 1300, which can be used in yet another embodiment of a flow control device, produced according to the invention. Channel 1300 is shown to be a Z-shaped channel, which includes a first substantially straight section 1310, a first angled or curved section 1320, a second substantially straight section 1330, a second angled or curved section 1340 and a third section substantially straight 1350. The flow routes shown in figure 13 are the simulation results for water flow through section 1300. In the flow channel 1300, the turbulences induced in the flow reduce the effective flow area next to each curve. For example, area 1360 shows a relatively negligible flow of fluid or a dead area, which reduces the available flow area along the 1320 curve. Similarly, a relatively dead or non-flow area 1362 reduces the effective flow area nearby curve 1340, and area 1364 reduces the flow area in section 1350, close to curve 1340. The simulation results show that the pressure drop for water, in a particular embodiment, is about 4.11 in relation to the drop pressure for water in a pipe section.
    [0033] [00033] Figure 14 shows a flow channel 1400, in which formation fluid 1401 flows from an inflow region 1402 to a contoured or tortuous route 1410, which includes a first curve 1420. In one aspect, the recirculating path in the surroundings incorporate a tangential inertia to the curves, which can increase the pressure drop through the second curve 1422. The fluid then enters a recirculating path around an element 1430 and exits through a second curve 1422. Angles 1421 and 1423 of curves 1420 and 1422 can be selected to provide selected pressure drops, so that the total pressure drop across channel 1400 is substantially greater for fluids having viscosities or densities in a first range (such as fluids containing water), and a drop in substantially constant pressure for fluids with viscosities or densities in a second range (such as fluids containing mostly oil). One or more curves can have an acute angle (less than 90 degrees). The simulation results show that for water, the pressure drop for a particular configuration of channel 1400 can be between 4.2 and 5.02 times the pressure drops for a straight pipe section.
    [0034] [00034] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of determining the configuration of one or more flow channels for inflow devices, which can provide a substantially high pressure drop for fluids having viscosities or densities in a first range, compared with the pressure drop for fluids having viscosities or densities in a second range. A set of fluid parameters is defined for a particular application, the parameters of which may include the desired flow rate or volumetric mass for the inflow device, viscosity ranges and / or density of the fluid, etc. An initial set of parameters for an inflow device can then be selected or defined, whose parameters can include, for example, one or more of: number of stages, surface area for each stage, stage geometries, displacement between the flow holes , axial displacement distance for the fluid at each stage, bending angle for the flow path, curvature of the flow paths, etc. A pressure drop versus viscosity behavior of the fluid flowing through the specific ICD is determined by using a computerized system and a simulation model. The simulation can also be conducted to provide pressure drops for each stage, fluid flow velocity models, reduction in the effective flow areas along the flow routes, etc. The results of the simulated or calculated pressure drops, for different viscosity or density ranges, can be compared to the desired pressure drops. If the results are more different than an acceptable value, one or more initial parameters for the flow control device are changed and the simulation process repeated. This iterative process can be continued by using new values for one or more parameters of the inflow device, until a satisfactory pressure drop ratio is obtained. Alternatively, the relationship between the Reynolds number (Re) and the friction coefficient (K) can be determined at the end of each simulation test, to determine an inflow device configuration, which will provide a greater pressure drop for fluids unwanted effects, such as water, and a constant or laminar pressure flow for certain other fluids, such as oils. The degree of turbulence induced along the flow path in the inflow device, the reduction in the effective flow areas along the orifices or along the curves, etc. it can be determined from the flow velocity models, and used to select the inflow device parameters, before each simulation test. Exemplary channels for flow control devices are described in this specification as channels placed axially in a tubular element. However, these and other channels, produced in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, can be placed radially, helically or along any other angle. In addition, these flow control devices can use different types of channels in a single device.
    [0035] [00035] Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for controlling the flow of fluid between a reservoir and a well bore, which apparatus, in one embodiment, may include a flow region, configured to substantially increase the flow. value of a selected parameter relative to the flow region, when a selected fluid property is in a first range and maintains a substantially constant value of the selected parameter, when the selected fluid property is in a second range.
    [0036] [00036] In another aspect, the flow control device may include a flow region, configured to substantially increase the pressure drop across the flow region, when a selected fluid property is in a first range, and maintain a drop in pressure. substantially constant pressure across the flow region, when the selected fluid property is in a second range.
    [0037] [00037] In another embodiment, the flow control device may include an inflow region, a flow region and a discharge region, where the flow region is configured to substantially increase the pressure drop, when the viscosity or density of the fluid is in a first range, and maintain a substantially constant pressure drop when the viscosity or density of the fluid is in a second range. In one aspect, the first range can include viscosities less than 10 cP, and the second range can include viscosities above 10 cP. Alternatively, the first strip may include densities greater than 1.00 g / cm3 (8.33 pounds per gallon). In one aspect, the flow region can be configured to induce selected degrees of turbulence in fluids having viscosities or densities in the first range, to provide a desired pressure drop across the flow region, for a given fluid flow through the fluid area. In another aspect, the flow region can include a structural area, configured to receive the fluid through a first orifice and discharge the fluid received through a second orifice, having a dimension "d", the structural area having an axial distance "x" , with a displacement "h" between the first hole and the second hole. In one embodiment, there can be between 4 to 6 times d. In another embodiment, h / x is greater than d / h. In another embodiment, the flow region can be configured to include a tortuous route.
    [0038] [00038] In another aspect, the invention provides a flow control device, which can include: a flow region including a structural flow area, an inflow opening and a discharge opening, in which the structural flow area, a fluid flow path in the structural flow area between the inlet opening and the discharge opening, and the tortuosity of the fluid flow path of the discharge opening are selected so that the value of a fluid performance coefficient ( "K") is substantially higher for fluids having a low Reynolds number ("Re"), in a first range, compared to fluids having a high RE, in a second range.
    [0039] [00039] In another aspect, a method is provided that may include: defining a flow rate for the flow of fluid through the inflow control device; select a geometry for the flow region in a tubular element, the flow region including an inlet, an outlet, and a flow path between the inlet and outlet, configured to induce turbulence in the fluid flow, between the inlet and the outlet, sufficient to reduce an effective flow area through the outlet, to cause a pressure drop through the outlet, which is substantially greater for fluids having viscosities or densities in a first range, compared to fluids having viscosities or densities in a second range, for the defined flow; and forming the tubular element having the selected geometry.
    [0040] [00040] In yet another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, which has access to a processor for executing instructions in a program embedded in the computer-readable medium, whose program may include: (a) instructions for accessing a flow to a fluid flow control device; (b) instructions for accessing a first geometry for a flow region of the inflow control device, formed in a tubular element, the flow section including an entrance, an exit, and a tortuous route between the entrance and the exit , configured to induce turbulence in the flow of fluid between the inlet and the outlet, sufficient to reduce the effective flow area through the outlet, to cause a pressure drop through the outlet, which is substantially greater for fluids having viscosities or densities in a first range, compared to fluids having viscosities or densities in a second range, for the defined flow; (c) instructions for computing pressure drops through the outlet, based on the first geometry corresponding to a plurality of fluid viscosities or fluid densities; (d) instructions for comparing the computed pressure drops corresponding to the first and second ranges with the desired values; (e) instructions to repeat steps c and d, using one or more additional geometries, until the computed pressure drops are within acceptable values; and (e) instructions for storing a geometry having pressure drops that satisfy the desired values.
    [0041] [00041] It should be understood that figures 1 - 14 are intended to be merely illustrative of the teachings of the principles and methods described in this specification, and whose principles and methods can be applied to design, build and / or use the devices inflow control. Furthermore, the preceding description is directed to particular embodiments of the present invention, for the purpose of illustrating and explaining. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations, with respect to the embodiments presented above, are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    Flow control device to control the flow of a fluid between a formation and a well bore, characterized by comprising: a flow region (530) comprising stages and configured to substantially increase the pressure drop across the flow region (530), when a selected fluid property is in a first range, and to maintain a substantially constant pressure drop across the flow region (530), when the selected fluid property is in a second lane, in which each stage of the flow region (530) comprises an entrance door and an exit door and each stage defines a single tortuous route, in which the only winding route flows through each of the stages in the runoff region (530).
    [0002]
    Flow control device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the selected property is viscosity, and the first range includes viscosities below 10 cP, and the second range includes viscosities above 10 cP.
    [0003]
    Flow control device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the selected property is density, and the first range includes densities greater than 1.00 g / cm3 (8.33 pounds per gallon), and second range includes densities less than 1.00 g / cm3 (8.33 pounds per gallon).
    [0004]
    Flow control device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes a tortuous route, which defines the pressure drop across the flow region (530).
    [0005]
    Flow control device, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the pressure drop along the tortuous route varies depending on the fluid's property, in the first range.
    [0006]
    Flow control device according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the tortuous route includes a sharp curve, and in which the pressure drop close to the acute curve varies as the value of the selected fluid property in the first track, varies.
    [0007]
    Flow control device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes: a displacement "h" between an input and an output, the output having a dimension "d" and a distance axial flow rate “x” between inlet and outlet.
    [0008]
    Apparatus, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that "h" is between 4 to 6 times "d".
    [0009]
    Apparatus, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that “h / x” is greater than “d / h”.
    [0010]
    Flow control device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes one of: a “z” shaped fluid flow path; an “s” shaped fluid flow path; and a fluid flow route that includes a circular route and a sharp curve.
    [0011]
    Flow control device to control the flow of a fluid between a formation and a well bore, characterized by comprising: a flow region (530) comprising stages and configured so that a coefficient of performance increases substantially exponentially, when the Reynolds number of the fluid varies within a first range, and remains substantially constant, when the Reynolds number of the fluid is in a second lane, in which each stage of the flow region (530) comprises an entrance door and an exit door and each stage defines a single tortuous route, in which the single tortuous route flows at each of the stages in the flow (530).
    [0012]
    Flow control device according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the first band corresponds to the fluid, which is, in most cases, water or gas, and the second band corresponds to the fluid which is, in most cases most of the time, crude oil.
    [0013]
    Flow control device according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes several stages, each of which contributes to an increase in the value of the fluid performance coefficient, when the Reynolds number varies on the first track.
    [0014]
    Flow control device according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes a tortuous route between an inlet to receive the fluid and an outlet to discharge the received fluid in that the tortuous route induces turbulence in the fluid based on the water or gas content in the fluid, which changes an effective area for displacing the fluid near the outlet.
    [0015]
    Apparatus for use in a well bore, characterized by comprising: a sand control device (410), configured to control the flow of solid particles contained in a forming fluid (455) by the sand control device (410); and a flow control device (500) configured to receive the forming fluid (501) from the sand control device (410), the flow control device (500) including a flow region (530) comprising stages ( 530a, 530b, 530c) and configured to substantially increase a selected parameter, relative to the flow region (530), when a selected fluid property is in a first range, and maintain a substantially constant value of the selected parameter, when the property selected fluid is in a second band, in which each stage of the flow region (530) comprises an inlet and an outlet port and each stage defines a single tortuous route, in which the only tortuous route flows in each of the stages of the runoff region (530).
    [0016]
    Apparatus, according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the selected parameter is one of: (i) fluid viscosity; (ii) density of the fluid; and (iii) a fluid performance coefficient.
    [0017]
    Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes a tortuous route between an inlet to receive the fluid and an outlet to discharge the received fluid, in which the tortuous route induces fluid turbulence based on the water or gas content in the fluid, causing a variation in an effective flow area for the fluid near the outlet.
    [0018]
    Production well bore system, characterized by comprising: a base tube (122) in the well hole (110); a sand control device (410) outside the base tube (122), configured to control the flow of solid particles contained in the formation to the base tube (122); and a flow control device (500) configured to receive the forming fluid (455) from the sand control device (410), the flow control device (500) including a flow region (530) comprising stages ( 530a, 530b, 530c) and configured to substantially increase a selected parameter, relative to the flow region (530), when a selected fluid property is in a first selected range, and maintain a substantially constant value of the selected parameter, when the property selected fluid is in a second band, where each stage of the flow region (530) comprises an inlet and an outlet port and each stage defines a single tortuous route, in which the only tortuous route flows through each of the stages in the flow region (530).
    [0019]
    Apparatus, according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the selected parameter is one of: (i) viscosity; (ii) density; and (iii) a fluid performance coefficient.
    [0020]
    Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the flow region (530) includes a tortuous route, configured to induce turbulence in the fluid, based on the water or gas content in the fluid, whose turbulence varies an effective area for the displacement of the fluid by the tortuous route.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112012007504A2|2016-11-22|
    US20110079387A1|2011-04-07|
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    US20110079384A1|2011-04-07|
    US8403061B2|2013-03-26|
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    CN102612589A|2012-07-25|
    AU2010300455B2|2014-08-28|
    RU2563860C2|2015-09-20|
    WO2011041674A2|2011-04-07|
    RU2012117578A|2013-11-10|
    AU2010300455A1|2012-04-19|
    NO20120419A1|2012-04-20|
    WO2011041674A3|2011-07-21|
    US8527100B2|2013-09-03|
    CN102612589B|2015-04-22|
    US20110079396A1|2011-04-07|
    US8403038B2|2013-03-26|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-02-05| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Free format text: AS CLASSIFICACOES ANTERIORES ERAM: E21B 34/08 , E21B 43/12 Ipc: E21B 43/12 (1968.09) |
    2019-03-26| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-17| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC (US) |
    2020-11-24| B25G| Requested change of headquarter approved|Owner name: BAKER HUGHES, A GE COMPANY, LLC (US) |
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/01/2021, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US24834609P| true| 2009-10-02|2009-10-02|
    US61/248,346|2009-10-02|
    US12/630,476|2009-12-03|
    US12/630,476|US8403038B2|2009-10-02|2009-12-03|Flow control device that substantially decreases flow of a fluid when a property of the fluid is in a selected range|
    PCT/US2010/051119|WO2011041674A2|2009-10-02|2010-10-01|Flow control device that substantially decreases flow of a fluid when a property of the fluid is in a selected range|
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