• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    system and method for monitoring the condition of wheels, brakes and bearings of wagons system and method for detecting a failure in a wagon, in the wheels, brakes, bearings and / or other components of a wagon, and which include at least one temperature sensor and at least one image capture device. the temperature sensor (s) and image capture device (s) can be used to assist in determining whether a failure has occurred or whether there is a potential failure of a component of a wheel set through detecting, measuring and / or comparing the temperature of different portions of the wheel assembly. if the temperature is higher than expected, this may indicate, for example, a stuck brake, a bearing failure and / or some other wheel set failure. if the temperature is lower than expected, it could indicate that a wheel set brake has unexpectedly disengaged and / or some other wheel set failure has occurred.
    公开号:BR112012002141B1
    申请号:R112012002141-9
    申请日:2010-07-27
    公开日:2020-09-29
    发明作者:Krzysztof Kilian；Vladimir Mazur
    申请人:Lynxrail Corporation；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This request claims priority of Provisional Order 61 / 229,582, filed on July 29, 2009, the content of which is hereby incorporated in full into this document as a reference. FIELD
    The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring the condition of wagon components including wheels, brakes and bearings. FUNDAMENTALS
    Railcar brakes are generally fail-safe systems. That is, when a portion of the system fails, the brakes are usually applied automatically as a safety precaution. This can result in the application of brakes when this was not the intention. Similarly, if the brakes are adjusted (such as, calibrated) while the wagon is heavily loaded and then are not readjusted after unloading, the brakes can be applied when that was not the intention.
    Wagon brakes that are applied inadvertently or more often than necessary or desired are subject to increased wear, reduced service life and can result in premature failure of the brake and / or other components of the wagon. In addition, the wagon bearings and / or other wagon components may fail separately from the wagon brakes. When one or more components of a wagon fail, the result can include greater or disproportionate wear or stress applied to the wagon wheel or its other components, which can result in the failure of other components of the wagon or wheel. SUMMARY
    One embodiment of the present invention relates to a condition monitoring system of at least one wagon wheel, at least one wagon brake and / or at least one wagon bearing. The system includes a temperature sensor focused on an upper portion of at least one wagon bearing and an image capture device, with at least one wagon wheel, at least one wagon brake and / or at least one wagon bearing visible in an image captured by the image capture device.
    Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a system for monitoring the condition of at least one wagon wheel, at least one wagon brake and / or at least one wagon bearing. The system includes a temperature sensor focused on a lower portion of at least one wagon wheel and an image capture device, with at least one wagon wheel, at least one brake and / or at least one bearing. wagon visible in an image captured by the image capture device.
    Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for monitoring the condition of at least one wagon wheel, at least one wagon brake and at least one wagon bearing. The method includes measuring the temperature of an upper portion of at least one wagon bearing with a first temperature sensor, measuring the temperature of a portion of the wagon wheel with a second sensor, capturing at least one image of at least one wagon wheel, at least one wagon brake and / or at least one wagon bearing with an image capture device and comparing the measured temperatures and / or the captured image with an expected result or stored data.
    These and other characteristics and advantages of several exemplary modalities of systems and methods according to the present invention are described, or will be evident, from the detailed descriptions that follow of several exemplary modalities of different devices, structures and / or methods according to the present invention. DRAWINGS
    Several exemplary embodiments of the systems and methods according to the present invention will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, in which: Figure 1 is a front plan view of a wagon wheel and a system known for help detect a wagon bearing that has failed; Figure 2 is a front plan view of a wagon wheel and a known system for helping to detect a wagon brake that has failed; Figure 3 is a side view of a portion of a wagon wheel and a known system for helping to detect a wagon wheel that has failed; Figure 4 is a front plan view of a wagon wheel and a system to help detect a wagon bearing that has failed according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 is a front plan view of a wagon wheel and a system for detecting a wagon wheel that has failed, a wagon brake that has failed and / or a wagon bearing that has failed according to an exemplary embodiment ; and Figure 6 is a side plan view of a portion of the wagon wheel and a detection system, a wagon wheel that has failed, a wagon cold that has failed and / or a wagon bearing that has failed, according to an exemplary modality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    It should be noted that, although portions of this description are said to be related to the detection of a wagon wheel that has failed, a wagon brake that has failed, or a wagon bearing that has failed, individually, such systems and methods can be usable together to determine a wagon wheel that has failed, a wagon brake that has failed and / or a wagon bearing that has failed or simultaneously or separately. Similarly, the exemplary embodiments of systems and methods of the present invention may be usable for other purposes, such as, for example, for inspections at departure, inspections at arrival and / or the like.
    The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), a department of the United States Department of Transportation, among other duties, applies rail safety regulations. The FRA currently requires the inspection of brake shoes on wagons for every 1,000 miles (1609,344 km) of travel. These inspections are typically conducted by railway officials who visually inspect the brakes. These visual manual inspections can be time-consuming and may require the wagon to slow down, be immobilized and / or removed from service, at least temporarily.
    Figures 1 to 3 show a traditional system to assist railway employees in detecting a failure in a set of wagon wheels. Figure shows a traditional system to assist railroad workers in detecting a failed wagon bearing. The system includes a temperature sensor 10 ("hot box", for example) connected to a section of the rail 12. Temperature sensor 10 is directed upwards towards the bottom surface of a wagon bearing 14 and measures a temperature from the bottom surface of the wagon bearing 14. If the temperature is higher than expected, it may indicate that the wagon bearing 14 has failed, is failing, or is about to fail.
    Similarly, Figure 2 shows a traditional system to assist railroad workers in detecting a wagon brake that is failing. Temperature sensor 10 is reconnected to rail 12, but now aimed at a wide area of a lower portion of a wagon wheel 16. Temperature sensor 10 determines whether wagon wheel 16 is hotter or colder than as expected, as determined by the expected conditions of the wagon wheel 16 and the wagon brake for the wagon wheel 16. An applied wagon brake may generate heat in the wagon wheel to which it is applied and / or may generate heat over the wagon brake shoe.
    For this reason, if the wagon wheel 16 is hotter than expected (such as when temperature sensor 10 detects a temperature that is higher than expected for a given condition), it may indicate that the wagon brake was applied when should not. Similarly, if the wagon wheel 16 is cooler than expected, this may indicate that the wagon brake was not applied when it should have been.
    In general, in the traditional systems shown in Figures 1 to 3, the temperature sensor 10 is aimed at a wide area that includes and surrounds a wagon wheel / bearing area. Figure 3 shows an exemplary scan region 18 (located on a lower portion of wagon wheel 16) of temperature sensor 10 of known systems. As shown in Figure 3, the scanning region 18 is considerably large compared to the dimensions of the wagon wheel 16. For this reason, the temperature sensor 10 must have a detected temperature covering a large region to determine the perceived temperature of the wagon wheel 16. It should be noted that a considerably large portion of the track 13 can also be found within the sweeping region 18 and for this reason, the temperature of the track 12 also affects the perceived temperature of the wheel 16 as determined by the sensor of temperature 10. Similarly, the perceived temperature determined by the temperature sensor 10 can be affected by any foreign object, including, for example, the wagon itself or other portions of it that are present in the scanning region 18.
    The known systems shown in Figures 1 to 3 have several disadvantages. As the temperature sensor 10 is connected to the rail 12, for example, the temperature sensor 10 can suffer the effects of a dynamic environment, such as conditions changing due to changes in the track parameters, such as temperature, vibrations, etc. thus, the accuracy of such systems can be reduced due to the unpredictable nature of the dynamic environment. In addition, the dynamic environment can produce an increase in stress that affects the temperature sensor and that is due to increased vibrations and / or elevated temperatures, for example, which can shorten the expected life of the temperature sensor .
    Similarly, known systems can have a scan area (scan region 18, for example). Therefore, an average scan area of known systems should be calculated, which can result in a less accurate reading that does not take into account small local changes in temperature. If the wagon or track it travels on, for example, is hotter than expected for any reason, and a portion of the wagon and / or track it travels at this high temperature is within the scanning area of a known system temperature sensor, then the average temperature determined by the temperature sensor may be higher than expected although the temperature of the wagon wheel and / or the wagon bearing is possibly not higher than expected.
    In addition, systems known for the detection of a failed bearing, which have a temperature sensor that is connected to the rail, are directed to the bottom surface of the wagon bearing. It has been found that the lower surface of the bearing is generally cooler than the upper portion, which is sometimes referred to as the "Loading Area", where forces from the lateral structures are transferred to the wheel axles. By measuring the upper portion of the bearing, as described in the exemplary modalities below, bearings that have been compromised or that have already failed can be identified more quickly and / or earlier, which can result in an alert before a bearing that has failed or that has almost failed.
    In addition, wagon bearings are generally cylindrical in shape. For this reason, known systems that are directed to the bottom surface of a wagon bearing may not be able to accurately detect the temperature of the wagon bearing. The known systems measure temperatures as if they were on a flat surface and it is typically necessary for the measurements to be calibrated or adjusted to make corrections taking into account the cylindrical shape of the wagon bearing. As a result of the correction, the final calculation can be an approximation and not a more reliable direct reading.
    Figures 4 to 6 show exemplary modalities of systems that can assist railroad workers in detecting failed wagon components. Alternatively, the systems described below can be used separately from any inspection by railway staff. Several modalities of the systems described below can be used, for example, while a wagon is in motion (such as with speed). It should be noted that by reducing the time and / or the number of employees required to inspect a car, the total cost of these inspections can be reduced. In addition, the modalities described below and others may provide for a complete inspection or start of a wagon that can be completed without immobilizing the wagon or removing it from service. In several modalities, the complete or initial inspection can be conducted with speed, without the wagon having its speed significantly reduced. The modalities described below and other modalities can be used, either separately or in addition to inspections by railroad employees, to satisfy the inspections required every 1,000 miles (1609,344 km) and / or any other inspections required by ERA or by another desirable reason.
    Figure 4 illustrates a wagon and a system adapted for the detection of a wagon bearing that has failed according to an exemplary modality. The exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 4 includes a first temperature sensor 20 provided and supported separately from the rail 12, and directed to a first portion (upper portion, for example) of the wagon bearing 14. In several embodiments, the first temperature sensor 20 is provided in an off-track location. In several embodiments, the first temperature sensor 20 is a sensor that can be used to acquire temperature readings and other information quickly so that the wagon 12 may be moving during the process. In various embodiments, the first temperature sensor 20 includes or otherwise uses, a focusing lens 21 is either focused in any other known way or in a way that will be developed later. By directing the first temperature sensor 20 in a focused or more precise manner to the upper portion or surface of the wagon bearing 14, the system can detect or be used to detect, determine or measure a wagon bearing that has failed before known systems. In addition, by helping to focus the temperature sensor over a relatively smaller or more accurate area, the background temperature sources that are known to lead to less accurate readings (sources that radiate heat that are not the sensor's desired target and / or system, such as, for example, rail heat or wagon heat, for example) can be eliminated, avoided or ignored. This has been found to help reduce false readings and / or improve the accuracy of actual readings, which may result in a premature determination that the wagon bearing was failing or on the verge of failing and / or may produce unnecessary interruptions or delays associated with other inspections.
    Figure 5 shows a system for detecting a wagon wheel, brake and / or bearing that has failed according to an exemplary modality. As shown in Figure 5, the first temperature sensor 20 and a second sensor 22 are provided on the field side (one side of a track that is the furthest away from an opposite track) of track 12. The system can use acquisition sensors temperature so that the wagons may be moving during the process. The first temperature sensor 20 and the second sensor 22 are focused and directed to areas 24 and 26 shown in Figure 6 or at the top of the bearing 14 or approximately it and at the lower edge of the wheel 16 or approximately it, respectively. By focusing a sense or temperature sensors with greater precision (directed to an upper part of a wagon wheel bearing, for example), a bearing failure or conditions that indicate or lead to a future failure can be identified earlier. , which can provide more attention before the bearing fails and / or can result in less wear and tear associated with a bearing that has failed or is effectively failing the other components of the wagon wheel.
    A wagon bearing that has failed or is failing, for example, can cause the wagon wheel to wear unevenly, which can result in an earlier failure of the wagon wheel in relation to a situation where would be spent evenly. If a bearing has failed early or is failing or is otherwise compromised, non-uniform wear of the wagon wheel can be detected earlier, which may result in a longer or more optimal service life. wagon wheel and / or any other component of the wagon wheel.
    In the same way that a failed bearing is identified in the modalities described above and others, a temperature above or below that expected from a wagon wheel may indicate a wagon brake or other component of a wagon that has failed. If the temperature determined by one of the two sensors, the first temperature sensor 20 or the second sensor 22, or both, is high, and it is known that a wagon brake on the wagon wheel 16 was not intentionally applied, the temperature high can indicate that the wagon brake is stuck or is being inadvertently applied due to a component that has failed, an improper calibration or another factor. In several ways, the wagon operator can be notified of the condition and further inspections can be conducted.
    In an exemplary embodiment, a first temperature sensor, such as, for example, an infrared sensor, is positioned adjacent to a rail and measures a temperature on that rail and / or a wagon wheel as the wagon passes through the first sensor temperature. The first temperature sensor can be provided, for example, within a relatively long straight portion of the track (two miles or more, for example, without significant turns). The first temperature sensor may then be able to measure a basic temperature reading of the wagon wheel and / or the rail, when the wagon brakes are not applied and have not been applied for a sufficient period of time. This base temperature can then be compared to a wagon wheel temperature in a later section of the path, while the brakes are being applied.
    It should be noted that in several modalities, a multiplicity of factors can produce high temperatures for a wagon wheel, such as, for example, a sliding wheel, a stuck brake, a worn brake, an improperly calibrated brake, a failed bearing or is failing etc. In different modalities, several factors that contribute to a high wagon wheel temperature can be identified by different heat signatures or heat patterns on the wagon wheel. A sliding wheel, for example, can have a high temperature in the vicinity of a region of contact between the wagon wheel and a track, at least in comparison with the wheel that is operating properly. On the other hand, a stuck brake can produce a high temperature of the wagon wheel in the vicinity of the wagon brake, at least in comparison with the wagon wheel with a properly functioning wagon brake. In several modalities, the difference in heat signatures can be used, at least in part to identify which component, if any, has failed or is failing.
    In several modalities, the heat signature and / or the temperatures determined by a first and / or a second sensor are used with one or more images (video images or photos, for example) captured by an image capture device. The images can include at least a portion of the wagon wheel, at least a portion of the wagon brake and / or at least a portion of the wagon bearing or end cap monitored or measured by one or more temperature sensors and can assist a user in assessing the state or condition of the wagon wheel, wagon brake, and / or wagon bearing. In several embodiments, the image can be used, for example, at least in part, to help determine the position of a wagon's brake shoe. By determining the position of the brake shoe, it can be determined whether an elevated temperature detected by the temperature sensor (s) coincides with the application of the brake shoe on the wagon wheel (results from this application, for example).
    In several modalities, one or more images can be used with measurements from temperature sensors or determinations by them to improve the accuracy of the system. One or more images, for example, can be used to determine or approximately determine the distance between a brake shoe and the surface of a wheel.
    In several modalities, a multiplicity of systems that include one or more temperature sensors and / or one or more image capture devices can be used to further improve the accuracy of monitoring, measurements and determinations. Determinations from multiple systems can be provided, for example, for comparison and / or to improve accuracy.
    In several modalities, one or more temperature scans and / or images of one or more wagons are obtained moving at a speed at which the brake shoes would normally be applied. In several modalities, one or more additional temperature scans of the same cars would then be obtained when the cars are moving at a speed at which the brakes would normally be applied, and one or more images of the braking equipment and wheels are taken at the same time. or at about the same time. In several embodiments, one or more images would also be obtained to help determine or approximately determine the distance between a brake shoe and the bearing surface of the wheel. By comparing the sweeps and the distances obtained, the system can be used to establish the efficiency of the brake equipment on one or more individual wheels. This method (using either temperature measurement only, or combining temperature measurements with one or more images) can be used to help conduct an inspection of wagon brake equipment in a way that will satisfy the requirements of the 1,000 mile inspection .
    Figure 6 shows an exemplary mode of scanning areas 24, 26. As shown in Figure 6, scanning areas 24 and 26 are smaller or have greater precision compared to the dimensions of the wagon wheel than in known systems ( compared to scan area 18, for example). The reduced size of scan areas 24 and 26 compared to scan area 18 shown in figure 3, for example, allows for more precise operation with the first temperature sensor 20 and / or the second sensor 22. Adjusting the area Scanning, for example, can reduce background interference or other data that may affect the reading.
    In addition, since the first and second sensors are not connected to the rail, as in previous systems, the first and second sensors may not be subject to the wear and tear associated with vibrations and other forces suffered by the rail. In addition, temperature sensors may not be affected by the dynamic environment on and around the track. This can result in higher accuracy and / or longer life span for temperature sensors.
    A system and method for detecting wagon wheels, brakes and / or bearings that are failing includes at least one focused temperature sensor and at least one image capture device. Temperature sensor (s) and image capture device (s) help determine if there is a failure or potential failure with a wagon wheel set by detection, measurement and / or comparison the temperature of different portions of the wheel assembly. If the temperature is higher than expected, it could indicate a stuck brake, a failed bearing or some other failure of the wheel set. If the temperature is lower than expected, it could indicate an unexpectedly applied brake or some other failure of the wheel assembly.
    Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with the exemplary modalities described above, several alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and / or substantial equivalents, whether known or which are currently foreseen, or can be foreseen, or which may become evident to those versed in the technique. Consequently, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as presented above, are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Several changes can be made without deviating from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and / or substantial equivalents known or already developed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Method of assistance in determining a condition of a moving wagon bearing, the method CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: using a focusing lens to focus on a first temperature sensor, whose first temperature sensor is provided adjacent and above a first railroad track at a first location along the first track, on an upper portion of the wagon bearing; detect, with the first temperature sensor, a first temperature of the upper portion of the wagon bearing; comparing the first temperature of the upper portion to at least another temperature to determine a difference between the first temperature of the upper portion of the bearing and at least one other temperature; and determining whether the wagon bearing is failing if the difference between the first temperature of the upper bearing and at least one other temperature is greater than a predetermined maximum threshold.
    [0002]
    2. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it still comprises the capture of an image of at least a portion of a wagon wheel with a first image capture device provided adjacent to the first track at the first location.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that comparing the first temperature of the upper portion to at least one other temperature comprises comparing the first temperature of the upper portion to an expected temperature.
    [0004]
    4. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it still comprises: detecting, with a second temperature sensor provided adjacent and above the first rail at the first location, a first temperature of a first rim of a wagon wheel ; comparing the first temperature of the first edge to at least one other temperature to determine a difference between the first temperature of the first edge and at least one other temperature; and determining whether at least one component of the wagon is functioning properly using the difference between the first temperature of the first edge and at least one other temperature.
    [0005]
    5. Method, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it still comprises capturing an image of at least a portion of the wagon wheel to determine a position of a wheel brake shoe.
    [0006]
    6. Method, according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that: the comparison of the first temperature of the first edge with at least one other temperature comprises the comparison of the first temperature with an expected operational temperature of the wagon wheel; and determining whether at least one component of the wagon is functioning properly comprises determining, based on the capture image, whether the difference between the first temperature of the first edge and the expected operating temperature is caused by an applied brake shoe.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that comparing the first temperature of the first edge with at least one other temperature comprises: comparing the first temperature of the first edge with a second temperature of the first edge taken on another location along the first trail.
    [0008]
    8. Method, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the detection of the first temperature of the first rim of the wagon wheel further comprises the detection of the first temperature in a location along the rail that is sufficiently straight, in such a way , that the wheel brake should not have been applied recently.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the comparison of the first temperature of the first edge with at least one other temperature comprises the comparison of the first temperature of the first edge with an expected temperature.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the determination of whether at least one component of the wagon is functioning properly comprises the determination that at least one component is failing if the first temperature of the first edge is below one predetermined minimum threshold above the expected temperature.
    [0011]
    11. Method, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the detection of the first temperature of the first rim of the wagon wheel comprises the focusing, with a focusing lens, of the second temperature sensor.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/09/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US22958209P| true| 2009-07-29|2009-07-29|
    US61/229,582|2009-07-29|
    PCT/US2010/043379|WO2011014505A1|2009-07-29|2010-07-27|System and method for monitoring condition of rail car wheels, brakes and bearings|
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