DEPLOYMENT UNIT

专利摘要:
Electronic weapon with current spreading electrode An electronic weapon with an implantation unit installed, from which at least one wire-tied electrode is launched, provides a stimulus current through a target to inhibit locomotion by the target. the wire current, also called a filament, conducts the stimulus current. the one or more electrodes, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, perform one or more of the following functions in any combination: attaching the filament to the electrode, deploying the implantation unit filament, piercing material or tissue into the target, depositing into the material or target tissue, focus an electric field before ionization or while conducting a stimulus current, form an ionized pathway for a stimulus current through one or more spans, and spread a current density with respect to a region of tissue target and/or a volume of target tissue. for an electrode that includes a body, lance and filament, spreading may be accomplished by an end portion of the filament that extends forward from the body and activates the lance by air ionization or by conduction through the target tissue.
公开号:BR112012001195B1
申请号:R112012001195-2
申请日:2010-07-22
公开日:2021-07-20
发明作者:Andrew F. Hinz；Patrick W. Smith；Magne H. Nerheim
申请人:Axon Enterprise, Inc.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

DESCRIPTIVE REPORT FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The embodiments of the present invention refer to electronic weaponry, deployment units and electrodes used for electronic weaponry, and methods for providing a current through a human or animal target via at least one electrode that has scattering ability. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
[002] Conventional electronic weapons launch one or more electrodes toward a human or animal target to discharge a stimulus signal through the target to inhibit locomotion by the target. A thin wire couples a signal generator to the electronic weapon to launch the electrode positioned on or near the target. The signal generator provides the stimulus signal through the target via filament(s), the one or more electrodes, and a return path to complete a closed circuit. The return path can be through ground and/or through a second filament or electrode. Conventional electrodes are made of conductive materials and have a sharp barbed tip to acquire or remain in a position at or near a target (eg, deposit on clothing, on skin). Consequently, relatively high field strengths and current densities occur at the electrode tip.
[003] A conventional electrode is assembled by inserting a sharpened rod through an axial hole in a front face of a cylindrical body, crimping the body to retain the rod, passing a filament through a second axial hole in a rear face of the body and on an open portion of the body, tying a knot to the filament and pulling the knot into the open portion of the body. Electronic weapons can benefit from an electrode that costs less to manufacture, reduces the labor required to couple the electrode to the filament, and reduces damage to the filament during assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[004] Modalities of the present invention are described with reference to the figures, where similar designations denote similar elements, and:
[005] FIG. 1A is a functional block diagram of an electronic weapon, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention;
[006] FIG. 1B is a functional block diagram of an electrode of the electronic weapon of FIG 1A;
[007] FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating the position of structures of electrode 160 of FIG. 1B with respect to target tissue;
[008] FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram of the current paths illustrated in FIG. 1C;
[009] FIG. 2A is a side plan view of an electronic weapon implementation of FIGs. 1A and 1B;
[0010] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the electronic weapon deployment unit of FIG. 2A;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an electrode of the related art;
[0012] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an implementation of the electrode of FIG. 1B;
[0013] FIG. 5 is a side view of the electrode of FIG. 4;
[0014] FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the electrode of FIG. 5;
[0015] FIG. 7 is a side view of a portion of the electrode of FIG. 4 to define multiple dimensional relationships;
[0016] FIG. 8 is a side view of a portion of an electrode of FIG. 5 after provisioning of current;
[0017] FIG. 9 is a side view of a portion of the electrode of FIG. 8 after providing additional current; and
[0018] FIG. 10 is a side view of a portion of another implementation of the electrode of FIG. 1B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES
[0019] An electronic weapon, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, discharges a current through a human or animal target to interfere with locomotion by the target. An important category of electronic weapons launches at least one wire-bound electrode, also called a dart or probe, toward a target to position the electrode in or near the target tissue. A respective filament (eg wire with or without insulation) extends from the electronic weapon to each electrode on the target. One or more electrodes can form a circuit across a target. The circuit conducts a stimulus signal. The circuit may include a return path as discussed above. The electronic weapon provides a stimulus signal (eg, current, current pulses) through, among other things, the filament, electrode and target to interfere with locomotion by the target. Interference includes causing involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles to stop voluntary locomotion by the target and/or causing pain to the target to motivate it to stop moving voluntarily.
[0020] An electronic weapon, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may include a launching device and one or more field-replaceable deployment units. Each implantation unit may include components (eg, rope strands, electrodes, propellant) that are disposable (eg single use). Here, the rope is alternatively called a strand, a strand of rope and a filament. The tethered electrode is an assembly of a filament and an electrode at least mechanically coupled to one end of the filament. The other end of the filament is at least mechanically coupled to another deployment unit and/or launching device (e.g., one end fixed within the deployment unit), generally until the deployment unit is removed from the electronic weapon. As discussed above, mechanical coupling can facilitate electrical coupling of the launching device and target before and/or during electronic weapon operation.
[0021] An electronic weapon launching device launches at least one tethered electrode from the electronic weapon toward the target. As the electrode travels towards the target, it implants (eg pulls) a length of filament from a supply of wire. The filament charges the electrode. After launching, the filament traverses (eg, extends, bridges, stretches) a distance from the launching device to the electrode usually positioned on or near the target.
[0022] Electronic weapons using tethered electrodes, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, include mobile devices, appliances fixed to buildings or vehicles, and independent stations. Mobile devices can be used in law enforcement, for example, deployed by an officer to detain a target. Appliances attached to buildings or vehicles can be used at security bases or borders, for example, to manually or automatically reach, chase and/or deploy electrodes to deter intruders. Independent stations can be built for area restriction, for example, as used in military operations. Conventional electronic weapons such as the X26 electronic control device model and ShockwaveTM area restriction unit marketed by TASER International, Inc. can be modified to implement the teachings of the present invention by replacing conventional deployment units with deployment units containing electrodes as discussed here.
[0023] An electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, provides a mass for launching toward a target. The intrinsic mass of an electrode includes a mass that is sufficient to fly, under the force of a propeller, from the launching device to a target. The mass of an electrode includes a mass that is sufficient to deploy (eg, pull, unwind, undo) a filament from a supply of wire. The electrode's mass is enough to implant a filament behind the electrode as the electrode flies towards a target. The mass of an electrode deploys the filament from the wire supply and behind the electrode in such a way that the filament spans a distance between the launching device and the electrode positioned on a target. The mass of an electrode is generally insufficient to cause serious blunt impact trauma to a target. In one implementation, the mass of an electrode is in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 grams, preferably around 2.8 grams.
[0024] An electrode provides a surface area for receiving a propulsive force to propel the electrode away from a launching device and towards a target. The movement of an electrode away from the launching device is limited by aerodynamic drag and drag force (eg tension on the filament) that resists deployment from a supply of wire and pulling the filament behind the electrode in a flying flight. towards a target.
[0025] A front portion of an electrode may be oriented towards a target prior to launch. At launch and/or during flight from the launching device towards the target, the front portion of the electrode is oriented towards the target. An electrode is aerodynamically shaped to keep the front portion of the electrode oriented toward a target. The aerodynamic shape of an electrode provides adequate precision to hit the target.
[0026] An electrode includes a form for receiving a propulsive force to propel the electrode toward a target. A shape of an electrode may correspond to a shape of a portion of the launching device or deployment unit that provides a driving force to propel the electrode. For example, a cylindrical electrode can be propelled from the cylindrical tube of an implantation unit. During an expanding gas launch of an electrode, the electrode can seal the tube with the electrode body to acquire proper acceleration and exit velocity. A rear face of the cylindrical body can receive substantially all of the driving force.
[0027] In an implementation, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, an electrode includes a substantially cylindrical body. Prior to launch, the electrode is placed in a substantially cylindrical tube slightly larger in diameter than the electrode. A driving force (eg rapidly expanding gas) is applied to a rear portion of the tube. The gas presses against a rear portion of the electrode body to propel the electrode out of the other end of the tube towards a target.
[0028] An electrode includes a shape and surface area for aerodynamic flight for adequate accuracy of electrode discharge over a distance toward a target of, for example, about 4.57 to 9.14 meters (15 30 feet) from the launching device to a target. An electrode can rotate in flight to provide a stabilized rotation flight. An electrode can maintain its pre-launch orientation toward a target during launch, flight to, and impact with a target.
[0029] On impact, an electrode can mechanically attach to a target. Mechanical coupling includes penetration of the target fabric or garment, resisting removal of the target fabric or garment, remaining in contact with a target surface (e.g., fabric, hair, garment, shielding), and/or resisting removal of the surface of the target. Coupling can be established by piercing, depositing, hooking, gripping, tangling, circling, sticking and/or sticking. An electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may include the structure (e.g., hook, barb, spear, glue bulb) to mechanically couple the electrode to a target. A docking structure can penetrate a protective barrier (eg, clothing, hair, armor) into an outermost surface of a target. In one implementation, an electrode includes a spear (eg, sharp shaft, dart tip) to penetrate the target's clothing and/or tissue. A spear extends from the front portion of the electrode to mechanically engage a target. The boom may include a barb to increase the strength of the mechanical engagement of the electrode with the target.
[0030] An electrode is mechanically coupled to a filament to deploy the filament from the wire supply and to extend the filament from the launching device to the target. A mechanical coupling can be established between a filament and an electrode in any conventional way (for example, passing the filament through a hole in the electrode and tying the filament to prevent it from coming loose, securing the filament with a knot to a portion of the electrode , gluing the filament to the electrode, joining (eg melting, soldering) a conductive portion of the filament to a metallic portion of the electrode). Mechanical coupling includes coupling a filament and electrode with sufficient force to retain the coupling during manufacturing, before launch, during launch, after launch, during mechanical attachment of the electrode to a target, and during the discharge of a stimulus signal on a target. In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, proper mechanical coupling can be established by confining the filament to a portion of the electrode. For example, confining a portion of the filament inside the electrode. Confinement may include attaching, securing, retaining, mechanically holding, and/or resisting separation. Confinement can be established by preventing movement or resistance or deformation (eg stretching, twisting, bending) of the filament. As discussed below, placing the filament in an interior and affixing a spear over the interior in an implementation confines the filament to the interior.
[0031] An electrode facilitates the electrical coupling of the launching device and the target. Electrical coupling generally includes a region or volume of target tissue associated with the electrode (eg, a respective region for each electrode when more than one electrode is used). According to various aspects of the present invention, one or more electrode structures acquire lower current density in the region or volume compared to prior art electrode.
[0032] For each electrode, electrical coupling may include placing the electrode in contact with the target tissue and/or ionized air in one or more gaps between the launching device, the launching unit, the electrode and the target tissue. For example, an electrode placement relative to a target that results in an air gap between the electrode and the target does not electrically couple the electrode to the target until air ionizes in the gap. Ionization can be established by a stimulus signal that includes, at least initially, a relatively high voltage (eg, about 25,000 volts for one or more spans total distance of about 2.54cm (or an inch)). After initial ionization, the electrode remains electrically coupled to the target while the stimulus signal supplies sufficient current and/or voltage to maintain ionization.
[0033] An electrode for use with an implantation unit and/or an electronic weapon, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, performs the functions discussed here. For example, some of electrodes 142, 160, 236, 238, 400, and 1018 of FIGs. 1, 2 and 4 - 10 may be launched from weapon 100 towards a target to establish a circuit with the target to provide a stimulus signal across the target.
[0034] The electronic weapon 100 of FIG. 1 includes launcher 110 and deployment unit 130. Launcher 110 includes user controls 112, processing circuitry 114, power source 116, and signal generator 118. In one implementation, the deployment device launch 110 is accommodated in an accommodation. Housing may include a mechanical or electrical interface to a deployment unit. Conventional electronic circuits, processor programming, propulsion, and mechanical technologies may be used except as discussed here.
[0035] A user control is operated by a user to initiate a weapon operation. User controls 112 may include a trigger operated by a user. When user controllers 112 are accommodated separately from launcher 110, any conventional wired or wireless communication technology can be used to link user controls 112 with processing circuitry 114.
[0036] A processing circuit controls many, if not all, functions of an electronic weapon. A processing circuit can initiate a launch of one or more electrodes responsive to a user control. A processing circuit can control an operation of a signal generator to provide a stimulus signal. For example, processing circuit 114 receives a signal from user controls 112 indicating operation of the weapon by the user to launch an electrode and provide a stimulus signal. The processing circuit 114 provides a launch signal 152 to the implantation unit 130 to initiate the launch of one or more electrodes. Processing circuitry 114 may provide a signal to signal generator 118 to provide the stimulus signal to the launched electrodes. Processing circuitry 114 may include a conventional microprocessor and memory that executes instructions (e.g., processor programming) provisioned in memory.
[0037] A power source provides power to operate an electronic weapon and to provide a stimulus signal. For example, power source 116 supplies power (eg, current, current pulse) to signal generator 118 to provide a stimulus signal. Power source 116 may additionally provide power to operate processing circuitry 114 and user controls 112. For mobile electronic weapons, a power source generally includes a battery.
[0038] A signal generator provides a stimulus signal to discharge through a target. A signal generator can transform energy provided by a power source to provide a stimulus signal that has suitable characteristics (eg, ionizing voltage, charge-discharge voltage, charge current per pulse, pulse current repetition rate) to interfere with the target's locomotion. A signal generator electrically couples to a filament to provide the stimulus signal across the target, as discussed above. For example, signal generator 118 provides a conventional stimulus signal (eg, 17 pulses per second, each pulse capable of ionizing air, each pulse discharging after ionization about 80 microcoulombs into a human target that has an impairment (by example, after ionization) of about 400 ohms) to the electrodes 142 of the implantation unit 130 through their respective filaments (eg wires in provision 140). Signal generator 118 is electrically coupled to filaments provided in wire supply 140 via stimulus interface 150.
[0039] A deployment unit (eg cartridge, compartment) receives a launch signal from the launch device to initiate a launch of one or more electrodes and a stimulus signal to discharge through the target. A spent implantation unit can be replaced with an unused implantation unit after some or all of the spent implantation unit's electrodes are released. An unused deployment unit can be attached to the launching device to allow additional electrodes to be launched. A deployment unit may receive signals from a launching device to perform the functions of a deployment unit through an interface.
[0040] For example, deployment unit 130 includes two or more cartridges 132 - 134. Each cartridge 132 - 134 includes drive 144, one or more electrodes 142 and a wire supply 140. A wire supply provides a filament for each electrode. Each filament mechanically couples to an electrode, as discussed above. Each filament can electrically couple to an electrode, as discussed here. Processing circuitry 114 initiates activation of a thruster 144 for a selected cartridge via a launch signal 152. The thruster 144 propels one or more electrodes 142 toward a target. Each electrode is coupled to a respective filament in a wire supply 140. As each projectile flies towards the target, each electrode deploys its respective filament outside the wire supply 140. Signal generator 118 provides the stimulus signal across the target via a stimulus interface 150 and filaments coupled to electrodes 142.
[0041] An electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, can perform one or more of the following functions in any combination: connect the filament to the electrode, pierce the material or tissue on the target, deposit on the target material or tissue, focus in an electric field prior to ionization or while conducting a stimulus current, form an ionized pathway for a stimulus current across one or more spans, and spread a current density relative to a region of target tissue and/or volume of the target tissue.
[0042] For example, electrode 160 of FIG. 1B can be used as an implementation of electrode 142 as discussed above. The lines shown in FIG. 1B illustrate ways in which current is conducted through a target 164 (e.g., for ionization, for stimulation also called charge discharge). The arrows on these lines show a single polarity for current flow for clarity of description. Current of any polarity or conventional polarities can flow in one or more directions on any of the lines shown at various times. Electrode 160 includes one or more structures 161 that connect and deploy a filament; one or more structures 162 that mechanically couple the electrode to material (eg, clothing) or tissue on the target, deposit on such material or tissue, focus on an electric field, and form an ionized pathway for current stimulation; and one or more structures 163 that focus on an electric field, form an ionized pathway for stimulus current, and spread a current density relative to the target tissue region and/or a target tissue volume. For convenience only, in the description below, structures 161 - 163, although plural in some implementations, are referred to in the singular as bonding structure 161, mechanical coupling structure 162, and spreading structure 163.
[0043] A bonding structure has mass, shape and surfaces to be attached to the filament, by being propelled and by deploying the filament to a target, as discussed above. Mass, shape and conventional surfaces can be used. For example, a connecting structure can have a substantially cylindrical mass, an interior with surfaces that hold a filament, and external surfaces with aerodynamic properties suitable for efficient propulsion and precision of flight to a target. A bonding structure may include an insulator or consist of insulating material(s). Conventional metal and/or plastic fabrication technologies can be used.
[0044] Focusing includes creating electric field flux density. A focusing structure generally includes a conductive surface that has a relatively small radius of curvature, as the density of the electric field is increased on curved surfaces (eg, tips, tips, edges, corners). A focusing structure can be formed of conductive material.
[0045] A structure for mechanical coupling has a shape suitable for the implemented mechanical coupling method, as well as shape and material suitable for forming ionized pathways and conductive stimulus signal current. When adhesion is used for coupling, the mechanical coupling structure may have a relatively rough surface (e.g., relatively large adhesive surface) to impinge on the material and/or tissue on the target. When piercing or depositing is used for coupling, the mechanical coupling structure may have a relatively thin rod or thin rods with enough ferrules to pierce the material and/or tissue into the target. In case a mechanical coupling structure tip is the only conductor within the target tissue range (e.g., stimulus signal limited voltage for ionization), such a mechanical coupling structure tip has a conductive tip to focus the flow of electric field for one-way ionization to the target tissue. At least the tip, or most, or all of the mechanical coupling structures can be conductive to receive from a filament the stimulus signal (e.g., current in any polarity) to pass through a target tissue. Reception of the stimulus signal is here called activation of the mechanical coupling structure. The conductive surface of the mechanical coupling structure can be located to focus to ionize air in a gap to target tissue and/or to focus to ionize air in a gap to another component of an electrode. Such gaps can be omitted when the mechanical coupling structure is placed against another electrode conductor. A mechanically coupled structure can rely on the bonding structure to hold the mechanically coupled structure in a fixed relationship with any one of the filament, spread structure, and target tissue. A mechanical coupling structure may include an insulator (e.g., a retaining portion held by the connecting structure, a lining of some or all of the drilling or deposit structures). Metal forming, shaping, coating, dispersing, adhesion and adhesion technologies can be used.
[0046] A scattering structure acquires focus and formation to initiate ionization and acquires scattering to discharge the stimulus signal through the target tissue. Scattering includes facilitating formation and utilizing the current path for the stimulus signal current in addition to (in parallel with) a current path through a mechanical coupling structure. Scattering includes focusing on a region or volume of target tissue to reduce the flux density of the electric field that would otherwise occur at the tip of a mechanical coupling structure. A spreading structure can have any shape known in the art to spread an electric field across a region or volume (e.g. antennas, radiators, ionizers, electric field dischargers, ignitors, spark-shaped apparatus). A scattering structure includes conductive material and may additionally include insulating material, for example, to inhibit ionization from unwanted surfaces and/or locations of the scattering structure. In a spreading structure it can pierce (eg embed, deposit, impale) the target tissue. Metal or plastic forming, forming and coating technologies can be used.
[0047] A structure involved in forming an ionization pathway may include materials suitable for experiencing relatively high temperatures. In one implementation, the use of a structure involved in the formation of one or more ionized pathways is facilitated by gathering evidence of use and recording the extent of use of an electrode, deployment unit, and/or electronic weapon with a particular target.
[0048] In various implementations according to FIG. 1B, structures 161 - 163 can be implemented with conductive material and/or non-conductive materials using conventional manufacturing technologies (e.g. casting, machining, corrugating, stakeout, clamping, adhesion, assembly) as necessary to support conductivity for to one or more desired paths 165. The current paths shown schematically in FIG. 1B adjacent to a span can be incorporated into structures adjacent to the span. For example, route 171 in an implementation is implemented as a conductor that extends towards span 183; in yet another implementation, pathway 171 corresponds to a conductive portion of spreader structure 163 located adjacent span 183. By analogy, pathways 173 and 178 may correspond to portions of connecting structure 161; tracks 174 and 176 may correspond to portions of mechanical coupling structure 162; and pathways 172, 177 and 179 may represent portions of target tissue near spans 183, 182 and 181, respectively. Path 170 can be implemented as a portion of the spreading structure 163 that is contiguous with the target tissue. Pathway 175 may represent a junction or contiguous contact between bonding structure 161 and mechanical coupling structure 162. Pathway 180 may correspond to a portion of mechanical coupling structure 162 that adjoins or impales target tissue 164.
[0049] Both the mechanical coupling structure 162 and the spreading structure 163 can contact the target tissue, as represented by pathways 180 and 170. Pathways 180 and 170 can simultaneously carry stimulus current. The stimulus current consequently splits between pathways 180 and 170.
The spreading structure 163 may have the ability to abut the target tissue without the ability to pierce and/or deposit in the target tissue.
[0051] When the spreading structure 163 has the ability to pierce the target tissue, the mechanical coupling structure 162 is preferably designed and/or arranged to be able to position the conductive portion of the mechanical coupling structure 162 in the target tissue to a depth greater than a conductive portion of the scattering structure 163.
[0052] One or both of the mechanical coupling 162 and scattering 163 structures may be close enough to the target tissue that a stimulus signal voltage may be sufficient to ionize air in one of or both spans 182 and 183. Routes 177 and 172 can simultaneously carry stimulus current. The stimulus current consequently splits between pathways 177 and 172.
[0053] When more than one pathway of pathways 165 is formed, the stimulus current is split between the pathways formed (including an OR of pathways 165). Due to changes in the electrode environment (eg, movement of the electrode and/or target relative to each other), changing the output voltage of the electromagnetic signal generator (changes in target tissue conductivity), one or more pathways 165 may form, deteriorate, and/or reform over time (eg, during a series of pulses of stimulus current).
[0054] Span 183 is preferably located between electrode 160 and target 164. In another implementation, span 183 is located within electrode 160.
[0055] An electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may have one or more bonding structures 161 (e.g., more than one filament per redundancy, one for each of many stimulus signals), one or more structures of mechanical coupling 162 (e.g., increased deposition capacity with decreased tissue piercing depth), and/or one or more spreading structures 163 (e.g., plural spreading structures symmetrically arranged around a lance shaft, a or more mechanical coupling structures).
[0056] In operation with one of the structures, as shown, voltage VA is printed by signal generator 118 along a filament 166 and a return path 167. The return path can be through the ground or through a second electrode (not shown) analogous to electrode 160. Current may flow through target 164 in any one or more pathways 165. Exemplary pathways 165 are described in table 1. When current flows in more than one pathway, current splits between pathways, according to a number of factors, including the physical dimensions of an electrode, the position and orientation of the electrode relative to the target, and the nature of the target (eg, cloth covered with clothing, exposed tissue). TABLE 1


[0057] Paths 165 represent a set of paths intended to be operated for a particular implementation and set of uses for an electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. As discussed above, a bonding structure 161 is conductive. In another implementation, a bonding structure 161 is non-conductive; consequently, span 181 and tracks 173, 175, 178 and 179 are not used and can be omitted.
[0058] In another implementation, a mechanical coupling structure 162 includes non-conductive portions (e.g., insulated conductive material, structure made from insulating material) for establishing materials for piercing the target and target tissue and depositing in such materials and /or fabric; and includes conductive portions (eg, non-insulated conductive materials) for establishing focus in an electric field and forming an ionized path along a span.
[0059] In yet another implementation, a scattering structure 163 is not intended to operate with a span 183 for other structures of the electrode 160; consequently, span 183 and tracks 171 - 174 are not used and can be omitted.
[0060] In yet another implementation, a filament 166 can provide current through a mechanical coupling structure 162 by direct connection or by connection through a resistor (not shown) (eg, one or more resistors). Resistance can be used to limit the splitting of current through mechanical coupling structure 162 in favor of unlimited current through spreading structure 163. Resistance can be implemented as a coating on a conductive portion of a mechanical coupling structure (for example, coating at least the tip and a forward portion of a boom shank).
[0061] The electrode 160, in various implementations in accordance with the present invention, is capable of discharging stimulus current at several different locations of an electrode 160 and a human target 164 wearing clothing. The target tissue includes a relatively less resistant portion under the skin and a relatively greater resistance associated with being contiguous with the skin or depositing on a superficial portion of the skin. Clothing or other target materials (eg, matted hair) are supposed to be separated from the skin by an air gap. Depending on, among other things, ballistics, the positioning of the mechanical coupling structures 162 (e.g., depot) may include on the target material, on the target's skin, or under the target's skin. A spreading structure 163 with little or no piercing capability may be in secured relationship with a mechanically coupled structure 162 to penetrate target tissue 164 to the same extent as a mechanically coupled structure 162.
[0062] In another arrangement, for example, in FIG. 1C, a spreader structure 163 is attached adjacent to a mechanically-coupled structure 162. In such an arrangement, after depositing a mechanically-coupled structure 162 into another tissue under the skin of the target 164, a spreader structure 163 may land. if to a location apart from the target's skin by a gap (VON2) containing air and/or target material (not shown), or skin contiguous to the target (not shown). The positioning of a mechanical coupling structure 162 or spreading structure 163 is defined herein by the location of a respective conductive portion of a mechanical coupling structure 162 or spreading structure 163 that is closest to the subcutaneous tissue of the target. Assuming that the portion of a mechanical coupling structure shown in FIG. 1C is conductive material but not connected to filament 166, after ionization of air in a span (WAN1) from a scattering structure 163 to mechanical coupling structure 162 and ionization of air in a span (WAN2) from from a scattering structure 163 to the target skin, current flows simultaneously, as generally indicated by several lines with double arrows.
[0063] In yet another arrangement, a scattering structure makes contact with the target tissue. This arrangement is a variation of FIG. 1C where ionization of VON2 is not required and VON1 includes target tissue instead of air.
[0064] Chains illustrated in FIG. 1C from filament 166 through various structures of electrode 160, through target tissue 164, and return pathway 167 flows, in accordance with the schematic diagram of FIG. 1D. After voltage VA ionizes air in spans VÃO1 and VÃO2, current I1 splits as I2 through the skin resistance R1 and another fabric resistance R2 and as I3 through another fabric resistance R3. Node P is part of mechanical coupling structure 162. Node S is part of spreading structure 163. The values of the components of the clustered circuit depicted in FIG. 1D may differ over time in a placement of electrode 160. Ionization voltage can be reduced by reducing the dimensions of VON1 and/or VON2 and by introducing target tissue instead of air into VON1.
[0065] An electronic weapon 100, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, can launch two expensive electrodes of the type discussed here with reference to electrode 160, where one electrode serves in a return path, as discussed above. For example, the electronic weapon 200 of FIGs. 2A - 2B is shown immediately following a user-initiated launch of two electrodes from an implantation unit. Electronic weapon 200 includes a mobile launch device 202 that receives and operates a field replaceable cartridge 230 as a type of deployment unit. The launcher 202 houses a power source (which has a replaceable battery), a processing circuit, and a signal generator, as discussed above. Launcher 202 can be implemented as a conventional model X26 electronic control device marketed by TASER International, Inc. Cartridge 230 includes two electrodes strung 236 and 238. With trigger operation 264, electrodes 236 and 238 are propelled from cartridge 230 generally in flight direction “A” toward a target (not shown). As electrodes 236 and 238 fly toward the target, electrodes 236 and 238 deploy filaments 232 and 234 behind them, respectively. When electrodes 236 and 238 are positioned on or near the target, filaments 232 and 234 extend from cartridge 230 to electrodes 236 and 238, respectively. The signal generator provides a stimulus signal through the circuit formed by filament 232, electrode 236, target tissue, electrode 238, and filament 234. Electrodes 236 and 238 mechanically and electrically couple to the target tissue, as discussed above.
[0066] The deployment unit may include one or more electrodes as discussed above. For example, the deployment unit 230 of FIG. 2B (drawn to scale) includes the exterior dimensions, features and operational functions of a conventional cartridge used with the M26 and X26 electronic control device models marketed by TASER International, Inc. For the 230 implantation unit, each electrode can be propelled from cylindrical hole in a deployment unit housing. For example, deployment unit 230 includes housing 242, cover 243, wire provisions (not shown), orifices 244 and 245, drive system 144 comprising separate components, contacts (one shown) 247, and wire-tied electrodes 238 and 236. Each wire-bound electrode 238 (236) includes a respective filament (one shown) 234, a respective body 252 (251), and a respective lance 255 (254). Two contacts are located diagonally opposite each other near the corners of the rectangular cover 243. The stimulus signal is dispersed from the launcher through the deployment unit via the contacts. Each contact is electrically coupled to a respective end of a filament. For example, one end of filament 234 exits a supply of wire and is held by shim 248 near contact 247; while the other end of filament 234 passes outside the front of the wire supply near cover 243, passes near lance 255, passes through length of body 252 and enters a rear face of electrode 234, as discussed above. A method of mounting the deployment unit includes, among other things, in any practical order: (a) positioning the tethered electrode mounting electrode in a hole in the housing, (b) provisioning the filament in a supply of wire, and ( c) attach each wire chain to the housing. The method can be practiced, for example, with the structures of FIG. 2A - 2B, as suggested in parentheses. The body (252) with the lance (255) and the attached filament (234) is fed into the hole (245). The filament (234) is neatly positioned in a supply of yarn. The loose end of the filament (234) is mechanically coupled proximate a contact (247) to the deployment unit housing (242) by a shim (248). The loose end of the filament (234) may abut or be held against the contact (247). A cover (243) is installed to close the holes in the housing 242. An even fit close to the body to the hole is desired and established, as taught above to facilitate manual and/or automatic assembly. Any diameter along the length of the body that exceeds a limit unnecessarily interferes with feeding the body into the orifice. In use, the impeller explosively provides a volume of gas which pushes each body 251 (252) from the respective orifice 244 (245). Acceleration, exit speed, flight dynamics and target-hitting accuracy are affected by the fit of the body as it leaves the hole. Any diameter along the length of the body that exceeds a limit interferes for a period of time unnecessarily with the propulsion of the body from the orifice.
[0067] In contrast to Customer Service/Call Center Representativee with the electrical coupling discussed above with reference to electrode 160, among other differences, conventional electrodes for electronic weaponry do not perform a scattering function. For example, the conventional electrode 300 of FIG. 3 includes a first conductive structure 310 that connects a filament 342 to electrode 300 and deploys filament 342; and includes a second conductive structure 320, which has a tip that penetrates the target material (not shown) or target tissue 330, deposits on the target material (not shown) or target tissue 330, focuses an electric field on the tip, and forms an ionized pathway along an air gap 352 that may exist between electrode 300 and target tissue 330. Stimulus current is conducted through target tissue 330 in only one of the two pathways (excluding an OR of pathways 352, 354 ). The alternative first pathway, represented by line 354, occurs when the second conductive structure 320 pierces the target tissue 330. The alternative second pathway, represented by the span 352 occurs when the second conductive structure 320 does not contact or deposit in the target tissue 330, but deposits on the material close to the target tissue, close enough to form gap 352.
[0068] In an exemplary implementation, in accordance with the functions discussed above with reference to FIGs. 1A - 1D and 2A - 2B , connecting structure 161 is implemented as a body, mechanical coupling structure 162 is implemented as a lance, and spreading structure 163 is implemented as a diffuser. The body and spear may be of dissimilar materials. Formation of the body comprising a material with ductility (e.g. a zinc alloy) can facilitate the attachment of a filament and/or assembly of the filament and the body. Formation of the lance comprising a material with significant strength (eg, a stainless steel alloy) can facilitate the formation of a tip for piercing, depositing and focusing. At least a portion of the scattering structure facilitates the focusing of the electric field on or near the target tissue. The conductive portion of the spreading structure can be exposed for contact with the target tissue. The spreading structure can comprise conductive portions, insulated portions, and portions that have one or more pointed surface features. Scattering includes the reduction in electric field strength (eg, flux) at the boom tip that would occur in the absence of scattering.
[0069] In accordance with the functions discussed above with reference to FIGs. 1A - 1D, a filament may be connected to the electrode in a manner that establishes focusing, forming and spreading, as discussed with reference to scattering structure 163. Prior to assembly with a filament, such an electrode may comprise a connecting structure 161 and a mechanical coupling structure 162. After mounting with a filament, such an electrode further comprises a filament comprising a spreading structure 163. An electrode may be mounted by positioning the filament and then the lance through an opening in an interior of the body and shaping the body to interfere with removal of the filament and/or boom from the interior (eg, corrugation of body, stake of boom into body, closing of body opening, deformation of a portion of body).
[0070] A distinct filament spreading structure can be used (for example, FIG. 10). While the filament portion can serve as a spreading structure, an additional spreading structure can be used. A filament can be electrically and/or mechanically coupled to a scattering structure.
[0071] A body performs the functions of a binding structure, as discussed above. A body can be any size or shape known in the art to properly attach a filament and deploy a filament (e.g., substantially spherical, substantially cylindrical, having an axis of symmetry in the direction of flight, projectile, drop-shaped. teardrop). In various implementations, a body can be non-conductive, comprise conductive material, or comprise a combination of one or more conductive portions and one or more insulators.
[0072] A boom performs the functions of a mechanical coupling structure, as discussed above. A lance may be of any size or shape known in the art to properly pierce a target material and/or tissue, deposit on a target material and/or tissue, focus an electric field for air ionization in a span, and form an ionized pathway along the span. In various implementations, a lance may be non-conductive, comprise conductive material, or comprise a combination of one or more conductive portions and one or more insulators. When a lance includes non-conductive (insulating) materials or surfaces, some or all of the focusing or forming functions of electrode 160 may be performed by a scattering structure (diffuser).
[0073] A diffuser performs the functions of a scattering structure, as discussed above. In one implementation, the scattering by a diffuser is uniform over a particular region of the target material and/or tissue or is uniform within a particular volume of the target material and/or tissue. In another implementation, proper scattering by a diffuser is not established uniformly. Non-uniform diffusion can result in hot spots of electric field flux with respect to the target tissue region or target tissue volume. Hot spots can be distributed, spread, formatted, bifurcated, and/or segmented. A hot spot is a region or volume in which a maximum location of electric field flux strength occurs. A hot spot includes the maximum location and surroundings reduced to about 80% of the maximum location.
[0074] A ratio of the current discharged through the target tissue via a mechanical coupling structure to the current discharged through the target tissue via a scattering structure is influenced by many factors. For example, factors might include a spatial relationship (eg, distances between structures, placements) between a spear, a diffuser, and the target tissue; a spatial relationship between exposed conductive portions of a spear, a diffuser, an electrode body, and the target tissue; conductive properties of a target fabric, conductive properties of an outermost target surface (eg clothing, shielding); chemical composition of target tissue (eg, sweating, blood, nearby blood vessel, nearby organ tissue, nearby bone, presence of a drug); target movement; and electrical capabilities (eg, output voltage capability, source deterrent, series deterrent, output current capability) of the electronic weapon and/or filament.
[0075] A spatial relationship between any one of a spear, a diffuser and a target tissue may include a physical distance between two of the spear, the diffuser and the target tissue. Such a physical distance can facilitate or limit an electrical relationship between any two of the boom, diffuser and target tissue. A description of an electrical relationship includes whether an electrical coupling exists (eg, through physical contact, through air ionization in a span), the magnitude of an impediment in an electrical path, and, if a span exists, a voltage required to ionize air in the span.
[0076] A change in the spatial relationship between a spear, a diffuser, and/or target tissue may change the ratio of currents provided through the target through the spear and the diffuser.
[0077] A spatial relationship can change as an electrode is launched towards a target and mechanically couples to the target. Mechanical coupling includes coupling to an outermost target surface, contacting the target tissue, and embedding the target tissue. A target's movement can increase the physical distance between the spear and the target tissue, move the spear into or out of contact with the target tissue, and increase or decrease how much the spear is embedded in the target tissue.
[0078] A spatial relationship between a diffuser and a target tissue can change as an electrode is launched towards a target and the spear mechanically couples to the target. A diffuser can be positioned a distance away from the target tissue with the boom at rest by piercing (eg embedding) the target tissue. A diffuser may contact (eg, adjoin) the target tissue with a spear at rest piercing the target tissue. A diffuser can pierce the target tissue with the lance at rest piercing the target tissue. The respective conducting portions of a lance and a diffuser may be arranged such that the positioning of a conducting portion of the diffuser is generally in addition to the non-cutaneous target tissue, the positioning of a conducting portion of the lance. Resistance R3 of FIG. 1D can be less than resistance R2. Current I3 can be greater than current I2.
[0079] A spatial relationship between a diffuser and a spear can change as the diffuser and/or the spear contacts the material and/or tissue of a target. An air gap between a diffuser and a boom (for example, VON1) can affect the electrical relationship. A change in the spatial relationship (for example, the length of the air gap) between a diffuser and a boom (for example, movement of one or both) can affect the electrical relationship.
[0080] A diffuser can be flexible (eg permanently deformable, resilient). A diffuser may move (eg, bend, flex, defect, reposition) as the diffuser collides with a target's material and/or tissue. A flexible diffuser can have a starting position with respect to a boom and an electrode body. The initial position of the diffuser can establish an air gap of an initial length between the diffuser and the boom. A voltage can ionize the air in the span of the initial length to establish an electrical coupling between the diffuser and the boom, otherwise isolated from each other. Contact of the diffuser with the material and/or tissue of a target may move an operative portion of the diffuser away from the boom. As the diffuser moves away from the boom, the length of the air gap between the diffuser and boom increases. As the length between the air gap increases, the electrical relationship between the diffuser and the boom changes.
[0081] A diffuser can be inflexible. An unyielding diffuser can be positioned a distance away from a boom to establish an air gap between the diffuser and the boom. A voltage can ionize the air in the span to establish an electrical coupling between the otherwise isolated diffuser and boom. Contact of the diffuser with target tissue can position target tissue in the gap between the diffuser and the boom. Target tissue in the span can alter the electrical relationship between the diffuser and the boom. The diffuser may include a point to aid penetration of target tissue through the diffuser, to focus an electric field, to form an ionized pathway, and/or to spread an electric field. A diffuser may include a barb to lodge in (e.g., resist removal of) target material and/or tissue. A diffuser may include one or more conductive and insulating portions to shape an electric field from the diffuser.
[0082] An electrode may include one or more insulators. An insulator includes any material (eg, insulator, insulator, insulation) that significantly interferes with operational conduction. Air can serve as an insulator over a distance with a drop voltage greater than stimulus signal voltages. An insulator can be implemented as an electrode structure (eg rod of a lance, rod of a diffuser) and/or as a coating of an electrode structure. Coating can be uniform. The coating can be partial or non-uniform. Insulating coatings include lacquer, black zinc, a dielectric film, a non-conductive passivation layer, a polyp-xylylene polymer (eg Parylene), polytetrafluoroethylene (eg Teflon), a thermoplastic polyamide (eg Zitel). Insulating structures can comprise plastic, nylon, fiberglass or ceramic. Conventional insulating technologies can be used.
[0083] An electrode may include one or more diffusers. Diffusers of the same electrode may differ (eg, length, flexibility, position relative to boom, position relative to insulators, position relative to electrode body, impedance, material composition). Each diffuser can provide a portion of a current through a target. Diffusers may differ with regard to spatial relationships between the diffuser, other portions of the electrode and/or target tissue.
[0084] A diffuser may be formed of conventional material(s) to spread current to, in and/or through the target materials or tissue (eg conductor and/or insulator). A diffuser, as discussed above, can provide current to the target tissue contiguously with the target tissue, provide current to the target tissue by means of ionized air in a gap between the diffuser and the target tissue, and/or provide current to the target tissue by means of of ionized air in a gap between the diffuser and a lance positioned in or near the target tissue.
[0085] An insulated conductor incorporated in an electrode structure can provide a current through a target through an exposed portion of the conductor (eg, uncovered, non-insulated, insulator designed to be null under desired conditions). An exposed portion of the conductor may provide a current directly to the target tissue or provide a suitable voltage to ionize air in a gap between the exposed portion of the conductor, target tissue and/or other conductive structure of the electrode.
[0086] In an implementation, the diffuser is implemented as part of a filament. An axial filament (eg, rope strand) axially insulated has a trans-axial cut end that exposes the filament conductor. The cut end and a portion of the filament behind the cut perform the functions of i, diffuser as discussed above. For example, cutting a filament to length usually exposes the conductor at the cut end of the filament. The cutting end and a portion of the filament may be positioned so that the cutting end rests a distance away from a conductive portion of the lance. A stimulus signal voltage can ionize the air in the gap between the filament conductor and the conductive portion of the lance to establish an electrical coupling for a span ionization duration. Due to the small dimensions of the gap between the filament conductor and the boom, a relatively low voltage stimulus signal (eg 200V - 400V) can ionize the air in the gap.
[0087] The ionization of air in a gap to establish a path between a diffuser and at least one of another electrode structure and target tissue can raise a diffuser temperature. An increase in temperature can melt a portion of the diffuser (and other electrode structure). Fusion of an insulator can deform the shape of the insulator. The fusion of a conductor, in particular through a rapid increase in temperature, can vaporize, dig and/or scratch a portion of the conductor and/or deposit a carbon buildup on a portion of the conductor.
[0088] Each time air in a span is ionized to provide a pulse of current, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a predictable portion of a conductor and/or an insulator is fused resulting in a cumulative and measurable indication (per eg record, signal, evidence) of current pulse provision (eg a portion of a stimulus signal). Analysis of such evidence can provide information about a use of an electronic weapon. For example, a method according to various aspects of the present invention for determining the extent of current provided by an electrode as discussed herein includes comparing an object structure of the electrode from which an ionized pathway was formed during the provision of current with a set of reference frames of the same construction. Set members ranked usage quantities. A result of the comparison makes it easier to determine the classification of the object structure (eg, more usage than one member of the set and less usage than another member of the set) and consequently determine the likely extent of current provided by the object electrode.
[0089] An electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, may include a body, one or more lances and one or more diffusers. A body can include an insulated portion (for example, one or more insulators). A lance may include an insulated portion (for example, one or more insulators). A diffuser can include an insulated portion (for example, one or more insulators). A filament can be isolated from other electrode structures. Insulated portions generally limit current path formation and/or focus electrical fields for path formation and current scattering.
[0090] A body includes a front portion (eg front face) with respect to a direction of flight (eg fig 2A direction A) towards a target and a rear portion (eg rear portion). A body mechanically couples to a boom and diffuser. The front portion of the body is generally oriented towards a target before launching the electrode, during the flight of the electrode towards the target, and after the electrode mechanically couples to the target. With reference to the direction of flight toward the target, a body is positioned behind a boom tip and behind the exposed diffuser lead. A body mechanically couples to a filament. A body can include a substantial portion of the total electrode mass. A body provides a surface area to receive a driving force to propel the electrode toward a target. A body is propelled away from a deployment unit responsive to a propulsive force. In an implementation where the body comprises a conductive portion or is entirely conductive, the body positioned close to the target tissue can electrically couple to a target.
[0091] A lance mechanically couples to a body of an electrode. A spear mechanically couples to an electrode body. A spear may extend from a front portion of the body. A spear can mechanically attach an electrode to a target. A spear can penetrate a protective barrier on an outer surface of a target. A spear can penetrate target tissue. A spear can resist detachment from a target. A spear can deliver a stimulus signal through a target. A spear can electrically couple to a diffuser as discussed here. A spear can electrically couple to the body. A lance can mechanically couple to the diffuser.
[0092] A diffuser can mechanically couple to an electrode body. A diffuser can extend away from a front portion of the body towards the target. A diffuser can carry a portion of the current through the target. A diffuser can electrically couple to a spear and/or target as discussed above. A diffuser can electrically couple to the electrode body. A diffuser can mechanically attach to a boom. A diffuser can mechanically attach to the target tissue. A diffuser can electrically couple to a filament.
[0093] A diffuser can be flexible or inflexible. A diffuser can be positioned relative to the body, spear and/or target. Placing an electrode on or near a target can alter the diffuser's position in relation to the body, spear and/or target. An electrical coupling between the diffuser, body, boom and/or target may depend, at least in part, on a position of the diffuser with respect to the body, boom and/or target.
[0094] An insulator can reduce a possibility of establishing an electrical coupling. An insulator can influence the formation of an ionization pathway through air in a gap between the lance and the diffuser. An isolator may establish a physical relationship between a diffuser, a spear, a body and/or a target to provide a current through a target via the spear, diffuser and/or the body. An insulator can establish an air gap between a boom and a diffuser.
[0095] A lance may include an insulator. An insulator can insulate all or any portion of a spear. A lance can be partially or entirely formed of a material that is electrically insulating. An insulator may be of a type (eg thickness, material, structure) that electrically insulates the boom against a current with a voltage below a limit, but fails to insulate the boom against a current with a voltage above the limit. An insulator can be formed (eg molded, applied, positioned, removed, partially removed, cut) to establish a likely location on the boom where the insulator can fail against a current with a voltage above the threshold. An insulator can be positioned on or near the boom relative to a diffuser.
[0096] A diffuser may include an insulator. An insulator can insulate all or any portion of a diffuser. A diffuser can be partially formed from a material that electrically insulates. An insulator may be of a type (eg thickness, material, structure) that electrically insulates the diffuser against a current with a voltage below a threshold, but fails to insulate the diffuser against a current with a voltage above the threshold. An insulator can be formed to establish a likely location in the diffuser where the insulator can fall to insulate against a current with a voltage above a threshold. An insulator can be positioned on or near a diffuser relative to a boom.
[0097] A tip (eg point, cone, apex comprising acute angles between faces, end of a relatively small diameter axis) operates to pierce an outer surface (eg layer) of a target and/or target tissue. A boom tip facilitates piercing, depositing, focusing and forming by a boom. A tip of a diffuser facilitates focusing and forming by a diffuser. A tip when insulated can operate as a span or bypass interfering with current flow (eg blocking) until a threshold voltage breaks the insulator and allows ionization near the tip and/or current flow through the tip.
[0098] A barb operates to deposit (for example, retain) an electrode in the material and/or tissue of a target to retain a mechanical coupling between the barb and the material and/or tissue. A barb portion of a spear resists mechanical decoupling (eg, removal of material or fabric). A barb portion of a diffuser resists mechanical decoupling of a diffuser from a target material and/or tissue.
[0099] A stimulus signal through a target may be diffused by an electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, such that the stimulus signal current flows in multiple pathways through the target tissue, or flows through multiple pathways. portions of target tissue in a single way.
[00100] A path may include an electrical coupling established through physical contact of two conductors and/or air ionization in a gap between two conductors. A gap can include target tissue.
[00101] The electrode 400 of figs. 4-11 performs the functions of an electrode discussed above with respect to figs. 1A-1D. Electrode 400 after assembly with filament 470 includes body 440, lance 410 and diffuser 430.
[00102] Strand 470 extends from rear portion 444 of body 440 to couple electrode 400 to signal generator 118 of electronic weapon 100. Signal generator 118 provides a stimulus signal through strand 470 to electrode 400. 470 is an insulated conductor and mechanically couples to body 440 as discussed above when electrode 400 is mounted. In the absence of a stimulus signal, filament 470 is not electrically coupled to body 440 or lance 410. In one implementation, the diameter of filament 470 is about 0.038 cm (0.015 inch) with an inner copper clad steel conductor of about 0.013 cm (0.005 inch). In another implementation, the diameter of filament 470 is about 0.046 cm (0.018 inch),
[00103] Body 440 includes front portion 442 and rear portion 444, both with respect to the direction of flight of electrode 400 toward a target. Body 440 mechanically couples to lance 410. Body 440 can electrically couple to lance 410. Body 440 can include an interior into which a filament and lance are introduced. The interior can be closed in any conventional way. In one implementation, body 440 is a light metal alloy (eg, a zinc alloy) facilitating deformation to close the interior. In one implementation, body 440 has a diameter of about 0.541 cm (.213 inches).
[00104] Boom 410 is formed of a conventional electrically conductive material (eg metal, semiconductor, superconductor, nano-material), eg stainless steel. Lance 410 includes tip 412 and barb 414. Lance 410 may include an insulator on or comprising one or more portions (420, 424 and/or 412) of lance 410. In another implementation, insulators are omitted and lance 410 has a conductive surface (eg 412, 424, 420). Tang 610 (fig 6) of boom 410 mechanically couples boom 410 to body 440. Boom 410 can electrically couple to body 440. Boom 410 extends forward with respect to the direction of flight toward a target of a front portion 442 of body 440 toward a target. In one implementation, lance 410 has a diameter of about 0.089 cm (0.035 inches) and a length of about 0.635 cm (0.25) to about 1.397 cm (0.55 inches), preferably about 1.016 cm ( 0.40 inch).
[00105] In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the diffuser 430 comprises an end portion of the filament 470. The filament 470 enters the rear portion 444 of the body 440, passes through the interior of the body 440 and extends out of the portion. front 442 of body 440. The end portion of filament 470 extends forward of front portion 442 and performs the functions of a diffuser as discussed herein.
[00106] Various dimensions of the electrode 400 and its components affect the operation of the diffuser 430. The body 440 has a diameter 706 (fig 7) on a center axis of symmetry 702. The boom 410 has a diameter 708 on a center axis of symmetry which coincides with axis 702. Filament 470 has a diameter 710 about a central axis of symmetry 704. Axis 704 follows the center of diffuser conductor 430 through operating point 721 to define various distances and angles performing diffuser functions including focus, formation and spreading, as discussed above.
[00107] The 430 diffuser includes insulator 450 and conductor 460. The insulator 450 covers the conductor 460. The insulator 450 insulates the conductor 460 from electrically coupling to the body 440 and the lance 410 through physical contact between the conductor 460 or the boom 410. The diffuser 430 comprises an operating point 721 comprising the uninsulated end of the conductor 460, cut to expose the conductor 460 to the atmosphere. The end portion of the filament 470 is formed in a curve about a radius described generally as an angle 716 of a tangent to the curve with respect to the boom 410 (e.g., in a direction of flight). Angle 716 is sufficient to cause operating point 721 to move away from lance 410 on impact with target material and/or tissue, for example, in the range of 10 degrees to 90 degrees, preferably about 45 degrees.
[00108] Diffuser 430 and its operating point 721 are formed and given an initial position so that in use, operating point 721 creates one or more ionized pathways for stimulus signal current. Preferential placement may make paths through the fabric more likely than paths through lance 410; and/or may make pathways through lance 410 more likely than pathways through body 440 when the body and lance are electrically coupled. For ease of fabrication, the filament 470 can be cut at a tangent to the body 440 to form the diffuser 430. Generally, the front reach elevation 714 of the diffuser 430 relative to the body 440 reduces the possibility of ionization from the diffuser 430 for body 440 (also called rear activation). Generally, raising the deadlock distance 720 of the diffuser 430 from the lance 410 reduces the possibility of ionization from the diffuser 430 to the lance 410 and raises the possibility of an ionization path through a target tissue. For a lance comprising an insulating rear portion having a length 712 and a conductive front portion having a length 713, generally raising the length 712 increases the possibility of ionization from the diffuser 430 to the target tissue.
[00109] For example, the diffuser 430 can be cut to a length so that while the diffuser 430 is pressed against (eg, parallel to) the front portion 442 (eg, angle 716 is about 90 degrees), the diffuser 430 does not extend beyond or extend around the body 440. When the body diameter, distance 706, is about 0.541 cm (.213 inch), the boom diameter is about 0.089 cm (0.035 inch), and the filament 470 is juxtaposed against boom 410, diffuser 430 is cut at a tangent to body 440, to a length (e.g., when straightened) of about 0.266 cm (0.089 inches) of front portion 442 of body 440. depending on angle 716, the distance from front reach 714 to operating point 721 is in the range of half the diameter of filament 470 (eg 0.019 cm (0.0075 inches)) to half the diameter of body 440 (per example, 0.272 cm (0.107 inches)), preferably about 0.226 cm (0.089 inches) of). When angle 716 is about 45 degrees, front reach 714 is about 0.16 cm (0.063 inches). Increasing the length of the diffuser 430 can reduce the possibility of ionization between the operating point 721 and the body 440, for example, when the angle 716 is about 90 degrees.
[00110] The conductive portion of the boom that is close to the operating point of the diffuser is called here the location of the boom activation. When the shank portion of a lance comprises non-insulated conductive material, the location of the lance activation, for example, may be a distance 720 from operating point 721 to the nearest point 723 on lance 410. A lance may comprise a portion of rear and a front portion. For example, boom 410 includes a rear portion 420 of length 712 from front portion 442 of body 440 to a split 415 and further includes a forward portion 424 of length 713 from split 415 to tip 412. implementation where the rear portion 420 has a non-conductive outer surface (e.g., comprises an insulator, a conductor covered with an insulator), and the front portion 424 has a conductive outer surface, the location of the lance activation may be the distance 718 from operating point 721.
[00111] In an implementation with a conductive body 420 electrically coupled to the lance 410, a front activation distance 718 may be less than a rear activation distance 714 to raise a possibility that the activation of the lance occurs through or close to the fabric .
[00112] A distance from a lance activation location 723 to the operating point 721 of the diffuser 430 defines a standoff distance 720. In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a standoff distance is greater than half the diameter of the filament 470 (eg small angles 716) and shorter than the length of diffuser 430 (eg larger angles 716). At an implementation distance 720 is about 0.127 cm (0.05 inches) when angle 716 is about 45 degrees, diameter of filament 470 is about 0.038 cm (0.015 inches), diffuser length is about 0.226 cm ( 0.089 inches), and the front 718 activation distance is about 0.226 cm (0.089 inches).
[00113] A diffuser can be designed to deform on impact with a target (eg ductile, flexible). The position of the operating point of a diffuser relative to the other portions of the lead (eg a deadlock distance) can change in target impact and/or penetration from an initial position adjustment by lead fabrication and prior to implantation. For example, penetration of boom 410 into a target 164 (fabric or material) can change a position of diffuser 430 with respect to boom 410 and body 440. Such a change in position can include a change in angle 716, a change in distance from deadlock 720, a change in front activation distance 718, and/or change in rear activation distance 714. A change in position changes one or more electrical relationships between operating point 721, boom 410, body 440, and target tissue 164. These electrical relationships can determine which or which of the numerous possible ionization pathways become ionized and carry current from the stimulus signal. Generally a shorter path is ionized and a longer path is non-ionized.
[00114] Examples of dimensions, electrode placements and operation of an electrode 400 are described in Table 2. In this implementation, the body 440 is electrically coupled to the lance 410 within the body 440. The lance 410 has a conductive surface (for example lance is stainless steel) from forward portion 442 to tip 412. However, tip 412 has a tension with respect to the return path only after (a) driving from operating point 721 through a target tissue; (b) ionization from operating point 721 to target tissue, to lance 410 (eg, front activation), and/or (c) ionization to body 440 (eg, rear activation). TABLE 2

[00115] During impact with a target, electrode 400 may perform spreading initially according to row 1 of Table 1 and subsequently according to row 2 of Table 1 due to the inertia of the impact and/or movement of the target.
[00116] In another implementation, boom 410 includes insulated rear portion 420, split 415 and uninsulated forward portion 424 as discussed above. Body 440 is not electrically coupled to lance 410 within body 440. Insulator 420 may be formed of any conventional electrically insulating material including those discussed above. For example, the diameter of insulated portion 420 of lance 410 may be about 0.089 cm (0.035 inches). Examples of the dimensions, electrode placements and operation of this implementation of a 400 electrode are described in Table 3. TABLE 3

[00117] An insulator can be applied to a surface of lance 410 to form insulator 420. For parylene insulation, a thickness of an applied insulator is in the range of 0.1 micrometers to 76 micrometers, preferably 60 micrometers thick.
[00118] A 410 lance shape may affect the performance of the 420 insulator. For example, the size and geometry of the tip 412 or barb 414 of the 410 lance may limit a thickness of an applied insulator. A reduction in the thickness of insulator 420 at a position on boom 410 may reduce the insulator's ability to approach tip 412 and/or barb 414 to resist a current flow through boom 410. Applying voltage to boom 410 greater than that a boundary may break insulator 420 near tip 412 or barb 414 to allow current to flow through boom 410 at a target.
[00119] A diffuser, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, can provide evidence of provision of a current through a target as discussed above. When substantially all of the current through the diffuser is conducted via ionization of a gap in a conductor of a diffuser, the length of the conductor tip can be directly proportional to the current delivered through the target tissue. When substantially all of the current through a diffuser is conducted via ionization of a gap in an insulator of a diffuser, insulator fusion can be directly proportional to the current delivered through the target tissue.
[00120] For example, before providing a current through a target, the insulator 450 and the conductor 460 of the diffuser 430 have the appearance of a remanufactured filament. A remanufactured diffuser lacks tip, scoring, fusion, and other physical evidence of current supply in the insulator and diffuser conductor. For example, a tip of the diffuser 430 is formed by cutting the filament 470 orthogonally to the length of the filament 470. Before carrying a current, the conductor 460 is visible only by seeing the tip of the diffuser 430 looking at the length of the diffuser 430 and the insulator tip 450 forms approximately a 90 degree angle. As the diffuser 430 provides a current, the conductor 460 and the insulator 450 can be heated by arcing ionization of the current through an air gap. As current continues to be delivered through the diffuser 430, the insulator 450 melts, rounding off conductor cut ends 450 and exposing the conductor 460 as shown in FIG. 8. Continued delivery of such current through diffuser 430 results in further melting and rounding of insulator 450 and additional exposure of conductor 460 as shown in fig. 9. The amount of insulator rounding and conductor exposure 460 is proportional to the amount of current delivered through the diffuser 430. When current is delivered in pulses of substantially equal load, the amount of rounding and exposure can correlate with the amount of pulses of current delivered through the target tissue.
[00121] The delivery of a current through the diffuser 430 may alter a surface of the insulator 450 and conductor 460. The delivery of a current through the diffuser 430 results in tipping, scoring, vaporization and carbon accumulation on the surface of the insulator 450 and conductor. 460. The amount of surface alteration of insulator 450 and conductor 460 is proportional to the amount of current delivered and/or a quantity of the current pulses delivered through diffuser 430 as discussed in the articles incorporated by reference above.
[00122] Analysis of the insulator 450 and conductor 460 provides evidence of an amount of current that was delivered through a target.
[00123] The amount of tip, score, vaporization, and carbon buildup on the surface of insulator 450 and conductor 460 is proportional to the amount of ionization times that occur during delivery of a stimulus signal. Forming a diffuser into a shape prior to use provides a benchmark in measuring and comparing current delivery across an electrode. Preferably, a tip of a diffuser is formed to have regular (e.g., orthogonal) tips as discussed above.
[00124] In another implementation of an electrode, in accordance with various aspects of the present invention, the electrode includes a diffuser that is not intended to be deformed upon impact with a target. Because the position of the operating tip of such a diffuser is maintained in relation to the other components of the electrode, an electrode may comprise more than one of such a diffuser. For example, an electrode 1018 in fig. 10 includes body 1040, lance 1010, a first diffuser 1020, and a second diffuser 1030. Electrode 1018 performs the functions of an electrode 160, as discussed above. The body 1040, the lance 1010 and diffusers 1020 and 1030 respectively perform the functions of a body, a lance and a diffuser respectively as discussed above. For example, body 1040 can be implemented in a similar manner to body 440 except that a filament (not shown) is electrically coupled to diffusers 1020 and 1030, isolated from lance 1010 in the absence of ionization.
[00125] The 1040 body can be formed to facilitate ionization between a filament and a diffuser within the 1040 body. Located at least a portion of the ionization in a controlled environment facilitates the correlation of changes to a conductor (e.g., filament, diffuser, additional surface within body 1010) and/or to an insulator (filament, diffuser, additional insulator within body 1010) with an amount of current delivered through a diffuser.
[00126] Boom 1010 may be formed of electrically conductive material (eg stainless steel), formed of insulating material, or formed of a combination of conductive and insulating materials as discussed above. For clarity of description, lance 1010 comprises conductive material close to diffusers 1020 and 1030 in the discussion below.
[00127] Boom 1010 includes a tip and barb (not shown) analogous to boom 410. Boom 1010 is mechanically coupled to body 1640 in any conventional manner. Boom 1010 can electrically couple to body 1040. Boom 1010 extends forward from forward portion 1042 of body 1040 with respect to the direction of flight toward a target.
[00128] In one implementation, the lance 1010 is entirely insulated to facilitate spreading the current from the 1020 and 1030 diffusers through the target tissue. In such an implementation, the 1010 boom does not perform focusing, training, or driving functions.
[00129] A diffuser may perform a binding function in addition to or in place of a body binding function. When the diffuser is mechanically attached to a body, mechanical coupling of a filament to a diffuser connects the filament to the body.
[00130] Diffusers 1020 and 1030 are arranged symmetrically with respect to at least one of the front portion 1042 of the body 1040, the lance 1010 and a central axis of symmetry 1048 of the body 1040 and/or lance 1010. Diffusers 1020 and 1030 may be structurally and functionally identical as shown. By the symmetrical arrangement, the proximity of at least one diffuser and target material or tissue is facilitated.
[00131] The 1030 diffuser is formed of any conventional electrically conductive material. Diffuser 1030 mechanically couples to front portion 1042 of body 1040. Diffuser 1030 extends forward of front portion 1042. diffuser 1030 does not electrically couple to body 1040 or boom 1010 through physical contact. Diffuser 1030 can electrically couple to lance 1010 by ionizing the air in span 1054 between diffuser 1030 and lance 1010. Diffuser 1030 electrically couples to a conductor of a filament (not shown), as discussed above.
[00132] Preferably, the diffuser 1030 is placed as far away from the lance 1010 as possible while still being positioned in the front portion 1042. For example, when the diameter 1044 of the body 1040 is about 0.541 cm (0.213 inches), the length of the diffuser 1050 is about 2.261 cm (0.89 inches), diffuser diameter is about 0.038 cm (0.015 inches) and a minimum separation 1054 from the surfaces of lance 1010 and a diffuser 1030 is about 0.178 cm (0.07 inches).
[00133] When electrode placement on the target includes piercing the target tissue by either the lance 1010 or by one or more of the diffusers 1020 and 1030, the target tissue is interposed between the lance 1010 and a diffuser. Activation of lance 1010 involves a current path through a target tissue. A current path can be formed from one or more diffusers and the return path through the target tissue.
[00134] A diffuser may have a 1032 tip and a 1031 rod. The tip may be analogous in structure and function to the tip of a mechanically coupled structure or boom discussed above. Tip can be conductive. The diffuser may comprise an insulator that electrically insulates the diffuser (eg rod) except for the tip. The operating point of the diffuser is therefore constrained to the tip, preferably a pointed portion of the tip to focus electric field flow. Focusing may initially direct electric field flux away from lance 1010 to raise the possibility that ionization and/or current pathways include target tissue.
[00135] The rod of a diffuser can maintain a 1054 distance between the tip and other components of an electrode by launching and impacting with the target material or tissue. Maintenance can be achieved by aligning a central axis of a diffuser (eg rod) in the direction of flight.
[00136] In another implementation the rod of a diffuser upon impact with target material or tissue directs the tip away from other electrode components to elevate a path or increase a number of current paths through the target tissue. For example, directing tip 1032 away from boom 1010 can be accomplished by initially aligning a center axis of diffuser 1030 (or rod 1031) slightly away from the direction of flight. In such an implementation, rod 1031 may flex to prevent tearing of target tissue.
[00137] Diffuser 1030 can pierce target material and/or tissue. When the target material and/or tissue enters a gap between the diffuser 1030 and the lance 1010, the electrical relationship between the diffuser 1030 and the lance 1010 is changed. Although the target tissue is positioned between the diffuser 1030 and the lance 1010, the possibility of current arcing from the diffuser 1030 to the lance 1010 can be decreased and a magnitude of current provided by a filament (not shown) through the diffuser 1030 to a target tissue may enlarge.
[00138] The structures discussed above as components of an electrode can be combined using conventional mechanical and electrical technologies in various implementations of the present invention. For example, a body and boom can be formed from a material such as a structure to avoid the cost of assembling a boom with a body. EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION
[00139] First, an implantation unit provides a current through the tissue of a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The implantation unit includes a housing, at least one electrode, at least one filament and an impeller. One end of the filament is mechanically coupled to the electrode. The electrode includes means for spreading current.
[00140] In operation, the impeller propels the electrode away from the housing towards the target to extend the filament of the implantation unit towards the target. Electrode structures mechanically couple the electrode to the target. The filament conducts the current. Due to the position and orientation of the medium for spreading current, more of the current passes from the filament to a surface of the target tissue than is conducted by the electrode into a target tissue.
[00141] Second, an implantation unit provides a current from a signal generator through the tissue of a target to inhibit voluntary movement by the target. The implantation unit includes a filament, housing, electrode and impeller. The filament conducts the current. The housing retains a first end of the filament. The electrode is initially in the housing. In operation, the propeller in the housing propels the electrode away from the housing to deploy the filament toward the target. The electrode comprises a body, and two structures. The body is mechanically coupled to the filament near a second end of the filament. The first structure, after implantation, mechanically couples the body to the target. The second structure, supported by the body, spreads the filament current to flow partly through the first structure and in equilibrium through the second structure.
[00142] Third, an implantation unit provides a current through a target, the current for voluntary inhibition of movement by the target. The implantation unit includes at least one electrode and one impeller. The electrode includes a filament, means for mechanically coupling the electrode to the target, and means for focusing an electric field. A filament conductor is electrically isolated from the medium to mechanically couple the electrode to the target without an ionizing voltage between the conductor and the medium to mechanically couple. The means for focusing an electric field is positioned a length of one air gap away from the means for mechanically coupling.
[00143] In operation, the thruster propels the electrode towards the target. The filament supplies the current to the electrode. The electrode is capable of providing current to the target tissue through the gap and/or through the means to focus.
[00144] Fourth, an implantation unit provides a current through a target, the current for inhibiting voluntary movement by the target. The implantation unit includes at least one electrode and one impeller. The electrode includes a filament that provides current to the electrode, and additionally includes a mechanical coupling structure. The mechanically coupled structure is electrically isolated from the filament without an ionizing voltage between the mechanically coupled structure and the filament.
[00145] In operation, the thruster propels the electrode towards the target. The electrode provides current to the target tissue via a path from the scattering structure to the mechanical coupling structure and/or via the scattering structure.
[00146] Fifth, an electronic weapon provides a current through a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The electronic weapon includes a launching device and a deployment unit that cooperate to launch at least one electrode toward the target. The launching device includes a signal generator to provide current. The implantation unit includes a filament and electrode. The filament electrically couples the signal generator to the electrode. The electrode includes a body and a tip. The body has a forward portion with reference to a direction of flight of the electrode towards the target. The tip extends forward from the front portion. An end portion of the filament extends forward from the leading portion between the leading portion and the tip. The end portion provides current through the target.
[00147] Sixth, an implantation unit provides a current through a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The deployment unit includes an electrode and a means to propel the electrode towards the target. The electrode includes a filament, a means for attaching the filament to the electrode, a means for depositing the electrode on a target, and a means for spreading the current into the tissue of the target. The filament conducts the current to the scattering medium. However, the means for bonding is isolated from a filament conductor without ionization. Additionally, the deposit medium is also electrically isolated from the filament conductor without ionization.
[00148] In operation, the deployment unit receives operating current conducted to the medium for spreading. The spreading means supports a pathway by ionizing the deposition means to provide at least a portion of the current.
[00149] Seventh, an implantation unit provides a current through a target to inhibit voluntary movement by the target. The deployment unit includes an electrode and a propeller to propel the electrode towards the target. The electrode includes a lance and a diffuser. The spear mechanically couples to the target's electrode. The diffuser is positioned a length of one air gap away from the boom.
[00150] In operation, the diffuser provides the current through the target according to a position of the lance and the diffuser in relation to the target tissue. The diffuser supports ionization of air in the span when a lower resistance path for the current is not available.
[00151] Eighth, an electrode includes a lance and a diffuser. The electrode is for launching towards a target provided to provide a current through the target where the current inhibits voluntary movement by the target. The diffuser is positioned a length of one air gap away from the boom. The diffuser provides current through the target through at least one of the lances and the diffuser according to a position of the lance, the diffuser and the target tissue in relation to each other. The diffuser supports ionization of air in the span when a lower resistance path for the current is not available.
[00152] Ninth, an electrode for launching towards a provided target provides a current from a signal generator through the target. The signal generator is not part of the electrode. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The electrode includes a body, a spear and a diffuser. The body includes a forward portion with respect to a direction of flight of the electrode towards the target. The boom is mechanically coupled to the front portion of the body. The diffuser is mechanically coupled to the front portion of the body and positioned a length of one air gap away from the boom. The signal generator is electrically coupled to the diffuser.
[00153] In operation, to provide current to the target, the diffuser is able to electrically couple to the lance through air ionization in the span, is able to couple to the target tissue without ionization and is able to couple to the target tissue with ionization .
[00154] Tenth, a method is performed by a deployment unit to provide a current through a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement by the target. The method includes in any practical order: (a) propelling an electrode from the implantation unit towards a target; (b) position a diffuser and an electron lance in or near the target tissue; and (c) activating a forward portion of the boom through the diffuser to deliver the current.
[00155] Eleventh, a method is performed by an implantation unit providing a current through a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The method includes in any practical order: (a) propelling an electrode from the deployment unit toward a target to impact the target; (b) responsive to an impact force, positioning a spear and an electrode diffuser relative to the target tissue; (c) according to the positioning, provide a current through the target by any combination of the boom, the diffuser, a first air gap between the boom and target tissue, a second air gap between the diffuser boom and a third air gap between the diffuser and the target tissue.
[00156] Twelfth, an electrode provides evidence of current delivery through a target. The current inhibits voluntary movement through the target. The electrode includes a body and a spear. The body includes a forward portion with respect to a direction of flight of the electrode towards the target. The boom mechanically couples to the body and extends forward from the front portion of the body. An insulated wire mechanically couples the electrode to a current source. Wire local heating produces wire deformation. The wire is mechanically coupled to the body. An end portion extends forward from the front portion of the body. A wire insulator concentrates an electric field from the ionized air current into at least one of a first span and a second span. The first gap separates a conductor from the spear wire. The second gap separates the conductor from the target tissue. Ionization of air in both spans, with resulting heat, provides evidence of current delivery comprising wire deformation.
[00157] The foregoing description discusses preferred embodiments of the present invention, which can be changed or modified without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. Examples listed in parentheses can be used instead or in any practical combination. As used in the specification and claims, the words “comprising”, “including” and “having” introduce an unrestricted declaration of component structures and/or functions. In the specification and claims, the words "a" and "an" are used as indefinite articles meaning "one or more". Although for purposes of clarity of description, numerous specific embodiments of the invention have been described, the scope of the invention is intended to be measured by the claims as set out below.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[0001]
1. The implantation unit, (130), for providing a current from a signal generator (118) through the tissue of a target (164), the current for inhibiting voluntary movement by the target (164), the implantation unit (130 ) characterized in that it comprises: a filament (166) for conducting the current; a housing (242) which retains a first end of the filament (166); an electrode (142) in the housing (242); and an impeller (144) in the housing (242) which in operation drives the electrode (142) away from the housing (242) to deploy the filament (166) toward the target (164), wherein the electrode (142) comprises a body (252) mechanically coupled to the filament (166) near a second end of the filament (166); a first structure mechanically coupling the body (252) to the target (164); and a second structure, supported by the body (252), which spreads the current from the filament (166) to flow in part through the first structure and in equilibrium through the second structure.
[0002]
2. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first structure comprises an electrically insulated tip.
[0003]
3. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first structure comprises a first resistance greater than a second resistance of the second structure.
[0004]
4. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second structure activates current flow through the first structure.
[0005]
5. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second structure comprises the second end of the filament (166).
[0006]
6. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that a portion of the first structure near the second structure is electrically insulated from the first structure to encourage spreading of current away from the first structure.
[0007]
7. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the second structure is deformable on impact to improve spreading.
[0008]
8. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the second structure comprises a diffuser (430).
[0009]
9. Deployment unit (130) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second structure comprises a diffuser (430) that fits into at least one of the following hypotheses: activates current flow through of the first structure; comprises a tip that focuses current flowing through the diffuser (430); comprises a tip capable of piercing tissue into the target (164); spreads current in a non-uniform manner with reference to the first structure resulting in a plurality of tissue current density hotspots at the target (164); and spreads current evenly with reference to the first structure.
[0010]
10. Implantation unit (130) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second structure couples, by non-mechanical means, the electrode (142) to the target tissue (164).

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TW202136705A|2019-08-14|2021-10-01|美商愛克勝企業公司|Article penetrating electrode|

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CN111322907A|2020-03-05|2020-06-23|廊坊环亚未来安防技术有限责任公司|Power nitrogen gas bottle in pure mechanical structure mode for puncturing electric shock bomb|

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US11156432B1|2020-08-31|2021-10-26|Wrap Techologies, Inc.|Protective coverings and related methods for entangling projectiles|

法律状态:
2018-06-26| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: AXON ENTERPRISE, INC. (US) |

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2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-09-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-05| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-01| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-07-20| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. PATENTE CONCEDIDA CONFORME ADI 5.529/DF, QUE DETERMINA A ALTERACAO DO PRAZO DE CONCESSAO. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US22811509P| true| 2009-07-23|2009-07-23|

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US61/228,115|2009-07-23|

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US12/833,854|US8441771B2|2009-07-23|2010-07-09|Electronic weaponry with current spreading electrode|

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US12/833,854|2010-07-09|

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PCT/US2010/042962|WO2011011635A2|2009-07-23|2010-07-22|Electronic weaponry with current spreading electrode|

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