• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    star point reactor. the present invention relates to a device (1) for the inversion of an electrical parameter in the field of power transmission and distribution, having an inverter (2) that can be connected between an alternating current network (11) and a circuit dc (7), comprising power semiconductor valves (3), which extend between an alternating current connection (4) and a dc voltage connection (5, 6), wherein each power semiconductor valve (3) comprises a series circuit of bipolar submodules (8), each comprising an energy storage and a power semiconductor circuit arranged in parallel with the energy storage, and a network connection unit (9) connected to the coding connection (4) for connection to the alternating current network (11), whereby a simple, effective and economical symmetrization of the voltages in the dc voltage circuit in relation to the earthing potential is created, a star point reactor (14) connected between the unit grid connection (9) and the inverter (2) with a potential point (13) is proposed, comprising induction coils (15) connected to a grounded star point (16), in which the induction coils (15 ) are implemented, so that said coils implement a current path that has a high impedance for the grounding potential for an alternating current at the base frequency of the alternating current network (11) and having low impedance for the grounding potential for a dc current.
    公开号:BR112012001065B1
    申请号:R112012001065-4
    申请日:2010-07-06
    公开日:2020-09-29
    发明作者:Christoph Armschat；Mike Dommaschk；Volker Hussennether；Thomas Westerweller
    申请人:Siemens Aktiengesellschaft；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for converting an electrical variable in the sector of electric power transmission and distribution with a converter, which can be switched between an AC voltage network and a DC voltage circuit and has power semiconductor valves, which extend between an AC voltage connection and a DC voltage connection, each semiconductor valve comprising a series circuit comprising bipolar submodules, each of which has an energy storage and a circuit of power semiconductor, and a network connection unit for connection to the AC voltage network, said network connection unit being connected to the AC voltage connection.
    [0002] Apparatus for converting an electrical variable is known, for example, as part of a high voltage direct current transmission system (HDVC system) generally has two converters, which are connected to each other via a intermediate circuit of DC voltage and which are coupled to the AC voltage side and in each case an AC voltage network. It is possible with the aid of the high voltage direct current transmission system to transmit electrical power from one AC voltage network to the other AC voltage network. In particular, power transmission over long distances is advantageous with a high voltage direct current transmission, since less losses occur during a transmission, compared to an AC voltage transmission.
    [0003] Different converter topologies for HVDC transmission are known from the prior art. Two-stage converters, which are referred to as two-point converters by those skilled in the art, generate only two different voltage levels at their output. The converter valves of the two-point converters have a large number of semiconductor power switches, which are arranged in series with each other. Power semiconductors connected in series must all be switched at the same time, that is, from a switch position, in which a current flow through the power semiconductor is interrupted, to a driving position, in which a flow current through the power semiconductor is allowed. Self-switching and voltage print converters are also referred to as “voltage source converters (VSCs)”. Converters having three voltage stages are referred to as three-point converters.
    [0004] In addition to the two-point and three-point converters, the prior art has also shown so-called multi-stage converters, which are also referred to as “multiple-level voltage source converters (VSCs)” by those versed in technical. Multi-level VSCs generally have power semiconductor valves consisting of bipolar submodules, each of which almost has energy storage, such as a capacitor, for example, and a power semiconductor circuit, with the help of what is possible generate the voltage drop across the capacitor or even a zero voltage at the output terminals of each submodule. Due to the fact that the series circuit comprises the sub-modules, the voltage at the output of each power semiconductor valve can be varied in increments, with the level of these stages being determined by the voltage drop across the respective capacitor. The central capacitor, provided in the case of two-point or three-point converters, of the DC voltage circuit is distributed among the individual submodules of the power semiconductor valves in the case of multiple level VSCs.
    [0005] Multiple level converters have the disadvantage that the poles of the DC voltage intermediate circuit to which the converter's power semiconductor valves are connected can have voltages of different magnitudes with respect to the ground potential.
    [0006] The purpose of the invention, therefore, is to provide a converter of the type mentioned at the beginning, which can be used to create a simple, effective and economical balance of voltages in the DC voltage circuit with respect to the earthing potential.
    [0007] The invention achieves the goal by a star point reactor, which is connected to a potential point between the mains connection unit and the converter and has inductor coils which are interconnected to form a point grounded star, the inductor coils being configured in such a way that they represent a current path with a high impedance for an earthing potential, for alternating current with the fundamental frequency of the AC voltage network, and a current path with an impedance low to ground potential, to a direct current.
    [0008] According to the invention, the converter side potential coupling is carried out by a star point reactor. The star point reactor has inductor coils, which are interconnected to form a star point and which, on its side facing away from the star point, are connected with DC to an AC voltage connection of the respective converter. In other words, when the device according to the invention is connected to an AC voltage network with the aid of the network connection unit, the star point reactor is arranged in parallel with the AC voltage network. The inductor coils of the star point reactor are configured in such a way that they represent a current path with a high impedance for the fundamental component of alternating current, which is generally 50 or 60 Hz, with the result that the currents alternating cannot flow through the grounded star point. However, direct current flow is possible with an order of magnitude of eddy leakage currents on the insulator surfaces. The star point reactor is conveniently located, when installed outdoors, in the vicinity of a valve house, in which the power semiconductor valves are arranged. Therefore, it is possible with the aid of this star point reactor to balance the DC voltage intermediate circuit of multiple level converters having a floating potential. In other words, the poles of the intermediate circuit of DC voltage have voltages with values approximately equal in comparison with the earthing potential.
    [0009] In a timely manner, the star point of the star point reactor is connected to the ground potential through a non-reactive resistor. With the aid of the non-reactive resistor, it is possible that resonances or oscillations are avoided between the conductor capacitance for grounding the DC voltage intermediate circuit and the inductance of the star point reactor. In this way, such an attenuation is provided.
    [00010] In a timely manner, each inductor coil has a magnetizable core. The magnetizable core can be an iron core or similar, for example. According to an expedient development in this sense, the core delimits an air space. The air gap serves to prevent premature saturation of the core when conducting direct currents up to 100 mA, for example.
    [00011] In a timely manner, each submodule has a complete bridge circuit with four disconnectable power semiconductors, which are interconnected with the energy storage, in such a way that a voltage drop from the energy storage through the energy storage can generated at the output terminals of the submodule. These full bridge circuits are well known to persons skilled in the art in this field, with the result that no further details need be given here with respect to the precise mode of operation and the circuits thereof. Full bridge circuits are also referred to as H bridge circuits. A freely rotating diode is connected in parallel, in opposition, to each disconnectable semiconductor.
    [00012] As a deviation from this, each submodule has a half-bridge circuit with two disconnectable power semiconductors, which are interconnected with the energy storage, in such a way that a voltage drop from the energy storage through the energy storage or a zero voltage can be generated at output terminals of the sub-module. Converters with a topology like this and submodules are also referred to as so-called “Marquardt converters”. In contrast to the full bridge circuit, it is not possible for an energy storage voltage to be generated at the output terminals with the half bridge circuit. For this reason, the number of cost-intensive power semiconductors for the converter is halved in the case of the complete bridge circuit. In this case, too, a freely rotating diode is connected, again, in parallel, in opposition, to each disconnectable and actionable power semiconductor, such as IGBT or GTO.
    [00013] Advantageously, the network connection unit is a transformer. The transformer is connected with wire corresponding to the respective requirements. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the AC voltage network through a set of distribution mechanisms, for example. The secondary winding of the transformer is connected in DC to the AC voltage connection of the converter and to the star point reactor. An inductor coil is provided for each phase, which extends from the mains connection unit to the AC voltage connection of the converter. In the context of the invention, therefore, the number of inductor coils corresponds to the number of phases in the connectable AC voltage network.
    [00014] In an additional variant, the grid connection unit comprises an inductance, which can be connected in series with the AC voltage grid. The current path from the AC voltage network to the converter's AC voltage connection passes through the inductance, which is connected in series, according to this development. The mains connection unit may also have a capacitor, which is connected in series with the inductance. Furthermore, it is possible that the network connection unit has a transformer and inductance connected in series and a capacitor connected in series. Inductance in principle is any desired inductive component. The inductance is expediently a coil, an inductor, a winding or the like.
    [00015] In a timely manner, the inductor coils of the star point reactor are adapted into insulators. In particular, it is expedient that the star point reactor with its inductor coils be installed outdoors.
    [00016] Advantageously, the converter has an ungrounded star point, with the inductor coils being arranged at the star point of the converter.
    [00017] Other configurations and expedient advantages of the invention are the subject of the description below with respect to example modalities with reference to the figure in the drawing, in which: the figure shows an example modality of a star point reactor of an apparatus according to the invention.
    [00018] Figure 1 shows an example embodiment of apparatus 1 according to the invention, which has a converter 2 with six semiconductor valves of power 3, each of which extends between an AC voltage connection 4 and a DC voltage connection 5 or 6. In this case, a coil-shaped inductance 18 is provided between each power semiconductor valve 3 and each AC voltage connection 4, said inductance facilitating in particular the regulation of circulating currents, which can flow between different semiconductor valves of power 3. Each DC 5 voltage connection is connected to the positive terminal of a DC 7 intermediate voltage circuit, which is only partially illustrated in the figure. The DC voltage connections 6 are connected to the negative (-) terminal of the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7. Each power semiconductor valve 3 comprises a series circuit comprising bipolar submodules 4, each of which has a capacitor (not shown in the figures) and a power semiconductor circuit comprising two disconnectable power semiconductors, IGBTs, with which, in each case, a freely rotating diode is connected in parallel, in opposition. Sub-modules 8 are bipolar and therefore have two output terminals. The circuit for the power semiconductors and the capacitor is selected so that the capacitor voltage drop across the capacitor or, otherwise, a zero voltage can be generated at the output terminals of each submodule. By submitting sub-modules 8 expediently, therefore, it is possible to adjust the voltage drop across the power semiconductor valves 3 in increments. The number of submodules is between 20 and several hundred in applications in the high voltage direct current transmission sector.
    [00019] In addition, apparatus 1 has a transformer 9 as a network connection unit, with transformer 9 having a primary winding 10, which is connected to an AC voltage network 11, and a secondary winding 11, the which is connected in DC with the AC voltage connections of the converter 1. The AC voltage network 11 has a three-phase configuration. This applies correspondingly to the number of AC voltage connections 4 and to a conductor section 13 for a DC connection from secondary winding 12 to AC voltage connections 4. Conductor section 13 can also be referred to as a potential point between the mains connection unit 9 and the AC voltage connections 4 of converter 2.
    [00020] In order to balance the positive DC voltage and the negative DC voltage, that is, in other words, for the balance of the DC 7 intermediate voltage circuit terminals with respect to the earthing potential, a star point reactor 14 is provided. The star point reactor 14 has three inductor coils 15, which are interconnected to form a star point 16. Star point 16 is connected to the ground potential through a non-reactive resistor 17. Each coil of inductor 15 is connected on its side facing away from star point 16 to a phase of conductor section 13 and is therefore connected in DC to an AC voltage connection 4 of converter 2.
    [00021] The inductor coils 15 are configured so that they represent a current path with a high impedance for the fundamental frequency of the AC voltage of the AC voltage network 11, which is 50 Hz in the selected example mode. In addition, each inductor coil 15 has an iron core. In order to avoid premature saturation of the iron core, an air gap is provided in each iron core of the inductor 15 coils. The star point reactor is constructed as a discharge voltage transformer, which is conventional in the market, with the secondary windings of the discharge voltage transformer being omitted. The inductor coils 15 of the star point reactor are installed in expedient insulators, for example, insulators which are designed for 39 kV. A potential coupling of converter 2 on the AC voltage side is thus made possible with the aid of the star point reactor 14, with balance of the DC voltage intermediate circuit terminals as a result. The first tests showed that, despite the extreme excitation of the star point reactor with the third harmonic of the AC voltage fundamental, the system remains stable. Circulation currents are largely avoided. Furthermore, in contrast to a potential coupling on the DC voltage side, markedly reduced energy losses occur. The star point reactor, which in terms of design is similar to an inductive voltage transformer, is available on the market as a standard product, with the result that the apparatus according to the invention is economical.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Apparatus (1) for converting an electrical variable in the energy transmission and distribution sector with - a converter (2), which can be switched between an AC voltage network (11) and a DC voltage circuit ( 7) and features power semiconductor valves (3), which extend between an AC voltage connection (4) and a DC voltage connection (5, 6), with each power semiconductor valve (3) comprising a series circuit of bipolar submodules (8), which respectively have an energy storage as well as a power semiconductor circuit, and - a network connection unit (9), connected to the AC voltage connection (4), for connection to the AC voltage network (11), characterized by a star point reactor (14), which is connected to a potential point (13) between the network connection unit (9) and the converter (2 ) and features inductor coils (15), which are interconnected to form a grounded star point (16), inductor bells (15) are configured so that they represent a current path with high impedance for the earthing potential, for an alternating current with the fundamental frequency of the AC voltage network (11), and a current path with low impedance for earthing potential, for direct current.
    [0002]
    2. Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each inductor coil (15) is connected, with its remote side from the star point (16), to an associated AC voltage connection (4) the converter (2).
    [0003]
    3. Apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the star point (16) of the star point reactor (14) is connected to the ground potential through an ohmic resistor (17) .
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each inductor coil (15) has a magnetizable core.
    [0005]
    5. Apparatus (1), according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the core delimits an air space.
    [0006]
    6. Apparatus (1), according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that each submodule (8) has a complete bridge circuit with four disconnectable power semiconductors, which are interconnected with the energy storage in such a way that an energy storage voltage drop across the energy storage, a zero voltage or otherwise the reverse energy storage voltage can be generated at output terminals of the submodule.
    [0007]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each submodule has a half-bridge circuit with two disconnectable power semiconductors, which are interconnected with the energy storage in such a way that a voltage drop from energy storage through energy storage or a zero voltage can be generated at output terminals of the submodule.
    [0008]
    8. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network connection unit is a transformer (9).
    [0009]
    9. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network connection unit has an inductance, which can be connected in series with the AC voltage network (11).
    [0010]
    10. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inductor coils (15) of the star point reactor (14) are mounted on insulators.
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the converter (2) has an ungrounded converter star point, and the inductor coils (15) are arranged at the star point of converter.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-04-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/09/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102009034354.7|2009-07-17|
    DE102009034354A|DE102009034354A1|2009-07-17|2009-07-17|Neutral point reactor|
    PCT/EP2010/059632|WO2011006796A2|2009-07-17|2010-07-06|Star point reactor|
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