• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a system for neutralizing hot acidic vapors generated in the ground by thermal desorption. Before being extracted from the ground, the vapors pass through a filter medium consisting of a variable mixture of gravel and granulated quicklime. The passage through this zone generates both an in situ neutralization reaction of the vapors and allows their surface treatment but also a drying reaction reducing the quantity of water extracted from the ground, thus reducing the possible energy consumption for the treatment. of said vapours. In particular, the in situ neutralization of the vapors makes it possible to apply vapor recycling techniques which would be impossible if these vapors were to be acidic. Since in situ neutralization only generates inert and/or neutral salts, the latter can remain in the soil without causing any environmental risk.
    公开号:BE1027845B1
    申请号:E20200115
    申请日:2020-11-02
    公开日:2022-03-07
    发明作者:Jan Haemers
    申请人:Haemers Tech Societe Anonyme；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    In situ soil vapor neutralization system BE2020/0115
    DESCRIPTION Current in situ thermal desorption techniques consist of mobilizing the contaminants contained in the soil and groundwater in the form of vapor, then extracting them through a network of vapor extraction wells. Once extracted, these vapors are subject to a specific surface treatment, depending on their nature and the objectives to be achieved for emissions In many cases, the pollutants to be treated in the ground are accompanied by other disturbing elements the process, such as acids, which greatly complicate the treatment of the extracted vapours. Indeed, when, for example, the soil pollution consists of hydrocarbons (diesel for example), the extraction and treatment of these pollutants could be done without problem if only the diesel were extracted from the soil in vapor form. However, it often happens that other products such as sulphur, chlorine, bromine, etc. are also present in the soil and therefore the heating of the latter by in situ thermal desorption also mobilizes these elements.
    The extracted vapors are conducted through the porous medium of the ground towards vapor extraction shafts. The extraction wells are surrounded by highly permeable draining rocks, to prevent them from losing their extractive capacity by physical clogging (fine particles, sludge, etc.). These draining rocks typically consist of calibrated and inert gravel.
    The heat causes the vaporization of many chemical elements and all these are conducted, through the porous medium, towards the said extraction wells. The vapors collected can therefore often contain, in addition to the pollutants sought, unwanted products, such as acids, water vapor and other disturbing elements.
    The present invention consists in replacing the high permeability draining rocks surrounding the extraction wells by draining and reactive rocks at the same time. The type of solid reagent added can be determined according to each specific case, after having analyzed and tested the type of vapors extracted from the ground.
    By proceeding in this way, the vapors extracted from the ground, that is to say arriving at the surface, are already pre-treated and can therefore be the subject of a lighter treatment, less expensive and therefore simpler to implement. artwork. For example, some In Situ thermal depollution techniques consist of heating the ground through heating tubes which are themselves heated using oil-fired burners. When the pollutant itself is fuel oil (which happens frequently), the pollutant vapours, once extracted, can be reinjected into the burners directly and reused as fuel.
    However, when the soil also contains other compounds such as acids for example, this reuse is not possible because it would cause acid vapours, corrosion and non-compliant atmospheric emissions.
    Therefore, in situ neutralization by a filtering and reactive mass can ensure that the vapors to be treated on the surface are free of acid compounds and therefore be reused as fuel, notwithstanding the presence of acids in the soil to be treated at the start.
    In a preferred embodiment, the inert gravels are mixed at a ratio of 2 to 10 to 1 with granular quicklime of the same grain size as the inert gravel.
    This aggregate mixture is then placed around the vapor extraction tubes before the start of the in situ thermal desorption treatment.
    The vapors generated by the heat treatment therefore pass through the reactive porous medium and any acid vapors react with the quicklime, forming inert salts.
    Hydrocarbons can be slightly affected by cracking reactions, facilitating their extraction.
    In a preferred embodiment, the mixing is done with granular activated carbon, when the extraction tubes are placed in areas away from the heating elements.
    Granular activated carbon makes it possible to adsorb adsorbable organic and inorganic pollutants in situ and to reduce the pollutant load of the extracted vapors accordingly. In a preferred embodiment, the gravel is entirely replaced by granular zeolite.
    In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the inert-reactive gravel mixture can be adapted in order to modify the hydraulic permeability of the filtering mass and consequently adapt the reaction time to obtain more complete reactions. In a preferred embodiment, the draining gravel ( 2) can be replaced by a reactive porous cylinder (12) of annular shape placed around the heating tube (1), thus facilitating its implementation and its reuse.
    This embodiment also makes it possible, if necessary, to reactivate or recharge the filtering and reactive porous mass in the event that the latter is saturated or has lost its reactivity.
    In a preferred embodiment, the solid filter material is such that its expansion following heating allows maximum contact with the ground, thus closing the voids left between the borehole (8) and said reactive filter cylinder (12). Such contact makes it possible to substantially improve conduction, avoiding insulating air pockets.
    The diameter of this reactive cylinder (12) is then slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole (8). In a preferred embodiment, the draining mass is replaced by a prepared porous material allowing a catalytic oxidation or reduction reaction.
    The catalytic reaction requiring a minimum temperature of 300°C, this is guaranteed as soon as the heating has started since the heating elements produce an average temperature of approximately 400°C in general. In addition, the exothermic reaction produced in situ contributes to the heating of the ground itself and therefore reduces, on a pro rata basis, the energy consumption of the treatment by thermal desorption.
    In a preferred embodiment, the combination of inert, reactive, solid draining masses and catalytic oxidation can vary vertically and radially so as to best adapt the treatment of the vapors before their extraction.
    In a preferred embodiment, the top of the vapor extraction tube consists of a reactive porous and permeable assembly, comprising at least one catalytic oxidation step. In this mode, the vapors containing pollutants are pre-treated before leaving the ground and can therefore more easily undergo surface treatment (4) since the pollutant load will have been substantially reduced. In addition, the temperature of the vapors leaving the floor will always be high and the condensation that may occur when the vapors reach ambient temperature will be reduced, thus facilitating the operation and maintenance of the unit. catalytic oxidation rings are placed in the annular zone between the outer tube and the inner tube, in the hottest zone of the heating tube, preferably between 0.5 and 1.5m below ground level, thus ensuring complete combustion in situ , despite the variability of soil vapors that can be recycled.
    In a preferred embodiment, a metallic embossing (13) is placed between the heating element (electric or other) and the ground, so as to ensure both better conduction and good collection of the vapours. This metallic embossing can, depending on the type of pollutant, be covered with one or more catalytic layers in order to allow a catalytic oxidation or reduction reaction with the recovered pollutants. In this embodiment, the metal embossing having a greater elasticity than the heating tubes, the latter allows continuous and maximum contact during the expansion of the metal during heating, thus avoiding preferential paths. These preferential paths are such that the desired catalytic reaction will not take place (or less) and since the extracted vapors will be less well treated.
    In a preferred embodiment the embossing may be inserted into a perforated metal casing (14) for metal protection purposes.
    In a preferred embodiment the embossing is placed radially (Error! Reference source — not found.).
    In a preferred embodiment the embossing is placed parallel (Error | Reference source not found). In a preferred embodiment, a bent tube (15) is inserted over all or part of the length of the tube in order to allow the preheating of the combustion air (Error! Reference source not found.).
    1. Heating tube
    2. Inert draining gravel
    3. Vapor extraction tube
    4. Vapor treatment unit 5 5. Target pollutant
    6. Other disruptive elements
    7. Polluted soil
    8. Drill hole
    9. Vapor stopper
    10. Calibrated reactive solids
    11. Reusable Solid Filter Cylinder
    12. Porous and Reactive Solid Cylinder
    13. Metal embossing supporting the catalytic reaction
    14. Perforated outer casing
    15. Combustion air preheat tube
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. System for filtration, pre-treatment and treatment of hot vapors from the ground, said system comprising: - A mixture of at least two mineral products, at least one of which is not inert and at least one of which is reactive so as to chemically modify the nature of the extracted vapors while generating non-toxic residual reaction products - At least one vapor extraction tube surrounded by a filtering mass composed of said mixed mineral products - At least one means for adjusting the negative pressure applied in the filter bed allowing the reaction time to be adjusted - At least one means of measuring the pH of the vapors extracted from the soil
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, in which the thickness of the filtering mass is variable according to the depth.
    [3]
    3. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the metal tube ensuring the extraction of the vapors has perforations of variable opening in depth so as to adjust the reaction time
    [4]
    4. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which one of the active filtering materials is granular quicklime
    [5]
    5. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which one of the active filtering elements is zeolite
    [6]
    6. System according to one of the preceding claims wherein the diameter of the filter granules is between 20 and 50mm
    [7]
    7. System according to one of the preceding claims in which the filtering mass has a diameter of between 4 and 25cm
    [8]
    8. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the heating element, the filtering mass and the vapor extraction tube are of similar lengths
    [9]
    9. Filtration, pre-treatment and treatment system for hot vapors resulting from the treatment of mineral matter contaminated by organic or similar products, applied to products placed above ground, said system comprising:
    - A mixture of at least two mineral products of which at least one of the two is not inert - At least one vapor extraction tube surrounded by a filtering mass made up of said mixed mineral products - At least one means of adjusting the the depression applied in the filtering mass allowing the reaction time to be adjusted - At least one means of measuring the pH of the vapors extracted from the soil
    [10]
    10. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the thickness of the filtering mass is variable according to the depth.
    [11]
    11. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the metal tube ensuring the extraction of the vapors has perforations of variable opening in length so as to adjust the reaction time
    [12]
    12. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the filtering mass has a diameter of between 4 and 25cm
    [13]
    13. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the heating element, the filtering mass and the vapor extraction tube are of similar lengths
    [14]
    14. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the reactive filtering mass is composed of a prefabricated and porous solid material comprising its own preferential way of extracting the vapours, allowing its reuse or even its reactivation.
    [15]
    15. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which a passive vapor treatment system, consisting of at least one catalytic oxidation unit, is inserted into the vapor extraction tubes in order to pretreat them before they are out of the ground and raise their temperature above the dew point.
    [16]
    16. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which annular-shaped catalytic oxidation units are inserted into the annular zone between the heating tubes and the internal tube in order to oxidize and neutralize, if necessary, the combustion gases. combustion and avoid the release of products of incomplete combustion.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1027845A1|2021-07-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6543539B1|2000-11-20|2003-04-08|Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System|Perforated casing method and system|
    JP2002205047A|2001-01-10|2002-07-23|Nippon Kokan Light Steel Kk|Method for removing contaminant|
    US20040228689A1|2003-05-15|2004-11-18|Stegemeier George L.|Soil remediation with heated soil|
    US20170291202A1|2016-04-07|2017-10-12|Edward Augustus Council, III|Soil gas and groundwater remediation system and method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE201900114|2019-12-27|
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