INSULATION PANELS AND THEIR PRODUCTION

专利摘要:
Insulation panels comprising sheet products are described with foam, both decorative and / or structural, and in particular structurally rigid, sheets or sheets with a foam, which are particularly useful for thermal insulation applications. The plates can be used as wall casings, such as door or window post extensions. It also relates to a method of forming such a product. Embodiments of the present invention provide a heat insulating panel or plate with two main surfaces. A first portion of the plate or panel is formed, for example, by machine or extruded, or otherwise formed from a first material, with a major surface of the first portion of the panel having a textured surface, e.g. with a plurality of protrusions and recesses or other salient surface portions to make a shape stable or locking surface with negative oblique cavities, such as cavities with ridges with overhangs over the cavities.
公开号:BE1025811B1
申请号:E2015/5788
申请日:2015-12-03
公开日:2019-11-18
发明作者:Johan Cottyn
申请人:Orac Holding Nv；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

INSULATION PANELS AND THEIR PRODUCTION
This invention relates to insulation panels comprising sheet products with foam, both decorative and / or structural, and in particular relates to structurally rigid, sheets or sheets with a foam, which are particularly useful for thermal insulation applications. The panels can be used as wall casings, such as door jamb or window jamb extensions. It also relates to a method of forming such a product.
Background
Laminated rigid foam panels are widely used in the building and construction industry as sound and heat insulating materials and as non-load-bearing structural elements. These laminated articles with a rigid foam core can be interrupted or made batchwise in a mold. The process of continuous or semi-continuous production usually involves applying a foam-forming plastic blend to a coating sheet (s) and bringing a second sheet (s) into contact with the blend before curing and sometimes before foaming.
Foam itself is good thermal insulation, but can be improved by a layer of a material such as aluminum plate. While the use of impermeable aluminum foil offers a particularly high insulation value, a drawback associated with the use of only that as a coating arises from the vulnerability, which can, for example, lead to film breakage during panel fabrication. Although improved coating strength can be achieved through the use of fibrous coatings, such as conventional medium or heavy Kraft papers or glass mats, these coatings are not as good as aluminum foil in providing a barrier to gas penetration. The porosity of fibrous coatings allows excessive exposure of the foam material to the air, with the resulting risk of air infiltration into the foam. As is known in the industry, the thermal conductivity (k-factor) of insulation panels is considerably increased when no other means is provided to prevent such air infiltration into the foam insulation cells.
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Structural insulation panel (SIP) construction is a method of building construction that uses minimal timber framing and provides lasting uninterrupted insulation. SIPs have a web and flange design that functions as a structural I-beam, thereby providing increased structural integrity. The SIP has a sandwich construction with a core of insulating material, which functions as the web, between two covering sheets, which function as flanges. The cover sheets are typically formed from so-called oriented strand board, a wood material. A SIP can be used for walls and roofs of buildings. The SIP can be pre-fabricated in large panel sizes, thereby increasing construction efficiency.
Gypsum board panel or plasterboard is a composite material made of two cover plates with typically a layer of plaster sandwiched between the cover plates. Gypsum panels are manufactured for use in various applications where each application has specific performance requirements. The plasterboard can be used on the internal and external walls of a structure, including areas exposed to water and moisture, such as near windows. Unfortunately, the plaster layer of the plasterboard tends to absorb water. For example, the gypsum layer can absorb 40 to 50 parts by weight of water based on 100 parts by weight of the gypsum layer when immersed in water at about 70 ° F for two hours. The absorption of water by the plaster layer can reduce the strength of the plaster panel, increase the vulnerability of the plaster panel to microbial growth and can result in delamination of the plaster layer cover plates.
The industry has tried to improve moisture resistance through the integration of moisture resistance components such as wax additives and silicone additives in the plasterboard. Although these additives can be effective in improving the moisture resistance of the plasterboard, each additive has its own disadvantages. For example, wax additives are needed in large quantities to effectively improve the water resistance of the plasterboard. Silicone additives interact negatively with soap, which is used to create gypsum panel cavities and therefore results in an increased soap demand during the process. In addition, silicone additives can adversely affect ambient air quality by increasing VOC emissions, releasing volatile low molecular weight oligomers and releasing hydrogen gas which is flammable.
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Typically, the moisture resistance components are not completely miscible in the slurry that forms the gypsum layer. This incomplete miscibility can have a negative influence on the moisture resistance of the plasterboard.
WO 2011/016962 describes another type of insulation panel that has a patterned carrier made from a thermoplastic extruded first foam that is filled with an insulating second foam such as an airgel.
The inner side walls at the intersection between a window and an outer wall are usually treated by applying various components such as some thermal insulation, decorative panels, a moisture barrier, metal edge or corner protection and plaster. There are some waiting times, for example for glue curing, curing of sealants, drying of paint. The on-site manufacture can take up to four hours to complete.
Summary of the invention
It would be desirable if a foam insulation panel could be made with coatings having excellent strength that would surpass conventional coating materials and generally transfer good properties to the foam panel, such as improved moisture resistance and a manufacturing method of such a panel as well as an installation of such a panel. such a panel in a building and a method for mounting the panel in a building.
Also for outside wall-window or outside wall-door intersections, it is an advantage of certain embodiments of the present invention that the installation time can be shortened.
The present invention provides any of: insulating panels comprising sheet products with foam, both decorative and / or structural, and in particular structurally rigid, sheets or sheets with a foam, which are particularly useful for thermal insulation applications. The panels can be used as wall casings, such as door jamb or post extension pieces. It also relates to a method of forming such a product.
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Embodiments of the invention provide a heat-insulating panel or plate comprising, for example, a double-coated composite with two main surfaces. A first portion of the plate or panel is formed, for example, by machine or extruded or otherwise formed from a first material, with a major surface of the first portion of the panel having a textured surface, for example with multiple protrusions and recesses, or other salient surface portions to make a shape stable or locking surface with negative oblique cavities, such as cavities with ridges hanging over the cavities. The depth of such structures (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be, for example, between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
Cavities can have a width at the top that is narrower than a width lower in the cavity thus forming. The side walls of the cavities can have recessed corners. A second material can be formed in this structured locking surface, whereby the first material is locked with the second material. This second material is preferably at least one foam layer. The foam layer is preferably made in a foam-in-its-place ("foam-in-place") process, such as a RIM process, in a mold. The foam layer is preferably covered with a cover layer. The cover layer preferably allows the plate to be attached to a flat surface by means of adhesive, such as one or more of a masonry surface, a plaster surface, a plaster-based panel element, such as a plasterboard surface, a wooden surface, a plastic surface or any other flat surface that can be found in the construction of buildings, such as a wall structure. As a result, a mechanical locking with increased bonding strength takes place between the first and second materials. Depending on the materials used and their processing, the second material can also bind or penetrate with the first material to increase the strength of the mechanical lock.
The foamed second material can have a density of between 50 - 130 g / l, in particular between 60 and 90 g / l, for example in particular 65 - 70 g / l.
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In one aspect of the invention, dovetail or pin-like protrusions are provided on one main surface of the panel made of the first material. The dovetail protrusions provide mechanical locking when the second material is applied. Each protrusion can be a dovetail protrusion or only a fraction of the protrusions can be dovetail protrusions. The combination of the dovetail sections and the corresponding shape of the second material provide a mechanical locking for each combination thereof. The depth of such dovetail or pin-like structures (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be, for example, between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (i.e., the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
According to another aspect of the invention, the protrusions may generally be trapezoidal. The height of each recessed protrusion can be the same or the recessed protrusions can have different heights.
Plates or panels of embodiments of the present invention can provide a superior combination of durability and heat insulating properties. The lambda value of the second material such as PUR can be between 0.027 and 0.029 W / mK. For the first foam material (density approx. 420 g / l), the lambda value is between 0.052 and 0.058 W / mK.
The panel product of the present invention preferably has a thermal conductivity of 33 - 35 milliwatts per meter per Kelvin (mW / m * K).
The first material is used in part of a panel that has two main surfaces. One main surface formed from the first material forms a first cladding material of a panel according to embodiments of the present invention. The second material forms an insulating core of a product according to embodiments of the present invention. A coating, such as to form a second coating material, can optionally be applied to the exposed
BE2015 / 5788 surface of the foamed second material, thereby forming a double-coated composite. This second coating layer can be applied in a foam-in-place process, such as a RIM process, in which the second coating material is placed in the mold with a piece made from the first material with the structured interlocking interlocking surface and foamable thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic material.
The first and second materials can preferably be formed together, extruded together, cast together, glued together or compressed. Such a method is preferably arranged such that the second material flows into the cavities that form part of the textured surface of the first material during manufacture and the second material is made of a softer material than the first material and will pressurized into the negative slanted cavities flow between the protrusions or other protruding portions, such as the dovetail protrusions of the textured surface of the first material.
In other embodiments, an intermediate layer can be applied in or between the first material and / or the second material. The intermediate layer may, for example, comprise an adhesive material or a barrier or a material to improve thermal insulation, such as a metal layer, such as an aluminum foil. The application of an intermediate layer can be done by any known suitable method, for example comparable to joining the first and second materials as described above, for example forming, extruding, casting, etc., but also laminating a film.
Any of the embodiments of the present invention may comprise an insulating panel of a duropolymer base such as a foamed expanded styrene polymer composition (first material) and a polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam layer (the second material).
Here are some aspects of the present invention. First, it ensures that the second material can penetrate the textured surface, for example, the negatively beveled cavities of the first material, a strong mechanical lock and the foam reduces the thermal conductivity of the
BE2015 / 5788 device. The depth of such structures (in other words, the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can, for example, be between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (in other words, the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%. The panel also includes an outer main surface or first covering material that is presented to the viewer as an outer surface after application, this outer main surface is made of the first material that can be made mechanically strong by having a high density. If the first material is also foamed, then this outer surface can not only be made mechanically strong by having a high density, but also by having a small cell size. On the other hand, the inside of the panel is made of the foamed second material, which can be blown to a higher blowing ratio, thereby reducing the use of material and providing good insulation. Optionally, a second coating material may be applied to the exposed surface of the second material to form, for example, a double-coated composite.
Such a second covering material is preferably selected for the intended specific application of the panel. The second coating material can be, for example, a foil such as paper or plastic or textile or woven or non-woven textile or a plate material such as a metallized (such as aluminum) plastic or metallized (such as aluminum) paper or a combination of paper and a metal layer such as aluminum or metallized (such as aluminum) textile or metallized (such as aluminum) non-woven textile. Other films, such as metal (such as aluminum), or wood or wood fiber based sheets or metal (such as aluminum) or plastic sheets can find specialized use.
An object or advantage of some embodiments of the present invention is to achieve a layer through which the end user can make excellent adhesion during installation, for example making it possible to glue the plate to a flat surface, such as one or more of a brickwork surface, a plaster surface, a plasterboard surface, a wooden surface, a plastic surface or any other flat surface that is used in the construction of buildings such as, a wall construction,
BE2015 / 5788 is found. Secondly, such a layer can have a detachable capacity of the tool during production, for example during casting, in particular on-site foaming in a mold or RIM.
A second covering layer can be made of paper or glass fibers, for example in the form of a non-woven or optionally woven plate such as a plate, a net, a mat, a loose fabric or a mesh of non-woven glass fibers. The paper or fiberglass non-woven can be placed in a mold with a piece of the first material that has a textured surface and a foaming composition, such as based on a styrene foaming composition or polyurethane composition or the like, such that after foaming the paper or fiberglass is non-woven on the inward facing main surface of the insulation panel produced in this way.
Suitable fiberglass non-woven layers have a basis weight in g / m ² from 20 to 400. The MD-Tensile strength (N / 5 cm) can be 50 to 600, a CMD-Tensile strength (N / 5 cm) of 30 to 400, a thickness (mm) of 0.7 plus or minus 0.5, and an air permeability (1 / m ² * sec; 20 cm ² @ 1220 Pa) of 20 plus or minus 15. The binder can, for example, but is not for that purpose are limited, modified urea formaldehyde and a mineral coating. The Cobb Test (1): value can be Max = 0.10 g.
The second coating layer can be a foil such as paper or plastic or textile or woven or non-woven textile or a sheet material such as a metallized (such as aluminum) plastic or metallized (such as aluminum) paper or a combination of paper and a metal layer such as aluminum or metallized) (such as aluminum) textile or metallized (such as aluminum) non-woven textile. Other films, such as metal (such as aluminum), or wood or wood fiber based sheets or metal (such as aluminum) or plastic sheets can find specialized use.
A suitable film for the second clad layer may include a gas barrier, for example to reduce oxygen or moisture transmission, for good thermal resistance, good dimensional stability, and the ability to be adhered to gypsum or chipboard or masonry.
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Exemplary foils include a metal layer such as aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper. Such films can have a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH (relative humidity) according to ISO 536, a thickness of between 130 and 250 μm measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 534 and surface tension> 40 dyne / cm, measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 8296.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method for producing an insulation panel is provided comprising a rigid plastic foam core with two main surfaces and a covering material on at least one of the main surfaces, the method comprising:
(a) providing a first coating material made from a first material for attachment to one major surface of the core, the first coating material having locking grooves on one major surface, (b) applying a second material to the first coating material, which is a foam-forming mixture so that the second material penetrates into the locking grooves of the first coating material to form a single-coated composite, the second material being substantially co-extensive with the first coating material;
(c) optionally providing a second coating material for application to the foam-forming mixture and for attaching to the exposed main surface of the core to form a double-coated composite, the first coating material comprising either an extruded thermoplastic polymeric foam layer or a laminate of the extruded thermoplastic polymer foam layer with at least one other coating material, and (d) foaming and curing the coated foam-forming mixture to produce an insulation panel.
A preferred second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet or paper and metal layer such as aluminum or comprises or is a non-woven fiberglass. A suitable film for the second clad layer may comprise a gas barrier, for example to reduce oxygen or moisture transmission, for good thermal resistance, good dimensional stability, and the ability to be adhered to gypsum or chipboard or masonry.
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Exemplary foils include a metal layer such as aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper. Such films can have a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH (relative humidity) according to ISO 536, a thickness of between 130 and 250 μm measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 534 and surface tension> 40 dyne / cm, measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 8296.
The size of the film (i.e., a second coating material - some as described in any of the embodiments) as applied to the second foam material in the final product can be selected as desired. The film can for example be co-extensive with the size of the second foam material in the final product. This leaves the edges of the second material free from the foil. Alternatively, the film can extend beyond this extent and can be wrapped around one or more, or two, or three or or four of the edges of the second foam material so that one, two, three or four of the edge surfaces of the second foamed material extending to the intersection with the first coating material are covered by the film in the final product. An advantage of this embodiment is that the edge surfaces are protected by the foil and can provide good adhesive surfaces for fixing to masonry or other building components. The protection may comprise a water vapor barrier, for example a metal such as an aluminum layer that is incorporated in or attached to the film.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing an insulation panel is provided comprising a rigid plastic foam core with two main surfaces and a covering material on at least one of the main surfaces, the method comprising:
Pre-forming a film (described as a second coating material of any of the embodiments of the present invention) in an empty mold so that the film in the final product extends such that it wraps around one or more, or two or three or all four edges of the second foam material (any of the materials as described above) is wrapped so that one, two, three or four of the edge surfaces of the second foamed material extending to the intersection with the first coating material are covered by the film in the final product.
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The film is optionally clamped in its final position, for example by means of suitable clamps including mechanical clamps, vacuum clamps, clevis clamps, etc.
The edges of the mold (i.e., the side edges that extend to the intersection with the first coating material can be placed at an angle, for example, beveled in such a way as to facilitate demolding and to make it possible to film on some or placing all sides of the second foam material in the final product). This foil can be used to guarantee the adhesion of the end product to the plaster, or as, for example, a water vapor barrier.
The second foam material is then added to the mold.
The first coating material is placed on top, for example supported by the side covers of the mold or mold inserts, the structured surface facing the second material.
The mold is closed and the foaming reaction reaches completion, forming, for example, a double-coated composite.
The product is removed from the mold after sufficient cooling.
Any excess material is cut away, for example any excess of film material is cut away.
Depending on the required length, ends of the product can be shortened or cleaned up by sawing, laser cutting or any other cutting method.
A preferred second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet or paper and metal layer such as aluminum or comprises or is a non-woven fiberglass. A suitable film for the second clad layer may include a gas barrier, for example to reduce oxygen or moisture transmission, for good thermal resistance, good dimensional stability, and the ability to be adhered to gypsum or chipboard or masonry.
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Exemplary foils include a metal layer such as aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper. Such films can have a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 536. A thickness of between 130 and 250 μm measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 534 and surface tension > 40 dyne / cm, measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 8296.
According to another aspect of the present invention for multiple buildings with window frames and / or door frames in an outer wall, at least one building has a first outer window or door frame that is placed in at least a first wall selected from the following: a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall, a multi-cavity wall and wherein at least one building has a second outer window or door frame that is placed in at least one second wall selected from the following and different from the first wall :
a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall a multi-cavity wall in which the first and second window or door frames have a thermal insulation panel attached to inner side walls of the wall, the thermal insulation panel comprising a core of rigid plastic foam with two main surfaces wherein one major surface is of a first coating material and the other major surface is attached to a second coating material, for example to form a double-coated composite, the first coating material comprising an extruded thermoplastic polymer layer or a composite of an extruded thermoplastic polymer layer and an insulating foam . The extruded thermoplastic polymer layer can be a foamed extruded thermoplastic polymer layer.
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The present invention also provides a door jamb or window jamb extension comprising a thermal insulating plate comprising a double-coated composite with a rigid plastic foam core with two main surfaces, one main surface being one of a first covering material and the other main surface being a second covering material attached, wherein the first coating material comprises an extruded thermoplastic polymer layer or a composite of an extruded thermoplastic polymer layer and an insulating foam, an outer edge of the first coating material having a section of 2 - 5 mm and having a higher density than a middle portion of the first coating material. The door jamb or window jamb extension may include any of the thermally insulated panel of embodiments of the present invention.
These and other features and advantages of this invention are described in, or are apparent from, the following detailed description of various embodiments of the systems and methods of this invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various exemplary embodiments of the systems and methods of this invention will be described in detail with reference to the following figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an insulation panel according to the invention.
FIG. 2 shows different surface structures of the first coating material to allow locking with a second foamed material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a production line for forming an insulation panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic window frame and posts on which an insulation panel is installed according to one of the embodiments of the present invention.
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FIG. 5 shows another exemplary embodiment of an insulation panel according to the invention.
DEFINITIONS
Cavity is a hollow space in a material. A hole extending all the way through a material does not fall outside the scope of the term cavity provided that this hole does not interfere with a locking function, i.e. a hole in a first material can be filled with a second material. Although a cavity can be completely enclosed by a material, it is generally referred to in this description as an open cavity. Foam cells are also cavities defined in a polymer matrix, but in the present description, cavities are defined in the general form of a polymeric foam product. Foam cells do not meet this definition because they are not defined by the general form of a polymeric foam product but are an internal structure.
A cavity can have a negative angle of at least one side wall and preferably of both side walls of the cavity. In that case the cavities have ridges with overhangs over the cavities. In some embodiments, the width of the cavity is narrower at the top compared to a position closer to the bottom of the cavity. This provides an interlocking function when another material is formed in the cavity. The side walls of the cavity can include a recessed corner. The cavity is typically present in the form of longitudinal grooves or channels. The depth of such cavities (in other words the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can, for example, be between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the cavities (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
A major surface is a surface of an object that has a flat surface that is equal to or larger than another surface of the object. A larger surface can be flat or non-flat. For example, a major surface may include grooves and / or protrusions.
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A nonwoven that can be used with the present invention can be a staple nonwoven made by providing and baling cut fibers of a few centimeters in length, which are placed on a conveyor belt and dispersed, for example distributed in a uniform web through a wet-laying, air-laying or carding / cross-lapping process.
The preferred fibers for use in the present invention are glass fibers. Fiberglass non-wovens can be made into mats, gauzes, net cloths, etc. by a wet-laying process. Fiberglass non-wovens can be wet-laid mats with denier fibers in the range of 6 - 20 microns in diameter. Discontinuous fine denier fibers in the range of 0.1 - 6 can also be used.
When polymer fibers such as rayon, PET or polypropylene are used, they are preferably treated by corona or plasma treatment to improve the adhesive properties.
The fibers of non-woven fabrics can be bonded either thermally or by resin. Bonding can be provided throughout the web by resin saturation or total thermal bonding can be used, for example. Alternatively, bonding can be provided in a clear pattern by resin printing or thermal point bonding.
Spin-laid non-wovens are made in one uninterrupted process by spinning and subsequently directly spreading the fibers in a web by deflectors or can be directed by means of air flows.
Spin-bonded non-wovens can be combined with melt-blown non-wovens.
Any non-woven can be bound, such as • thermal bonding • use of a heat sealer (heat sealer) • calendered by means of heated rolls (called spin-bonded when combined with spin-laid webs)
BE2015 / 5788 • water felting: mechanical entanglement of fibers by water jets called “spunlace” • ultrasonic pattern binding • needle punching or needle felting: mechanical entanglement of fibers by means of needles • chemical bonding (process): use of binders (such as latex emulsion or solution polymers) to chemically bind the fibers to bind or use powders or other fibers that soften and melt to hold other non-melting fibers together.
Paper can be included as a non-woven material.
Non-woven sheets are usually not a uniform fabric. There may be differences between the machine direction, abbreviated MD, and the cross machine direction, abbreviated CD. These differences appear as differences in tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and fiber orientation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto, but only by the claims. The described drawings are only schematic and are not limitative. In the drawings, the size of some elements may be exaggerated and not drawn to scale for illustrative purposes. The dimensions and relative dimensions do not correspond to actual conversions in the practice of the invention.
In addition, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, either temporally, spatially, in arrangement or in any other manner. It will be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate conditions and that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be effective in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.
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Furthermore, the terms top, bottom, top, bottom and the like in the description and claims are used only for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describing relative positions. It will be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate conditions and that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be effective in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.
It is to be noted that the term comprising, used in the claims, may not be interpreted as being limited to the means listed thereafter; it does not exclude other elements or steps. It is therefore to be interpreted as specifying the presence of said features, integers, steps or components as referred to, but closes the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components, or groups thereof not off. Therefore, the scope of the term a device comprising means A and B should not be limited to devices that consist only of components A and B. It means that with regard to the present invention, the only relevant components of the device are A and B.
FIG. 1 shows the exemplary insulation plate 10 as an assembled assembly. FIG. 1 shows a first material 1 that is locked with a second material 2. The first material 1 is essentially a flat plate with a surface structure 3 on a main surface 4. The first material provides a first covering material and the main surface 6 which the outward reverse side will be when installed, can be flat. The surface structure 3 forms a cooperating and locking surface, for example in the form of overhanging ridges such as dovetail protrusions 5 and cavities 7. Indented or negative angles in at least some of the side walls of the cavities 7 assist in the interlocking function. The cooperation surface may comprise any other structure that provides a locking function. The depth of such interlocking structures (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be, for example, between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (i.e. the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
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The second material is preferably co-extensive or substantially co-extensive with the first material. A part or parts of the first material can be left at one or both ends without the second material for making a connection, for example. For example, an edge of the first material may have an edge portion 8 or 9 that is free of the second material and may have a modified shape to allow interconnection with another board or panel, or with other panels such as drywall . The end product can also be used when applying a wall made of real plaster. Edge 8 on figure 1 is the edge to be combined with real plaster, edge 9 is the one that will be used in the case of drywall.
The first material that forms the first coating material is preferably a foamed plastic. Foaming reduces the weight of used polymer, but can also weaken the product mechanically. The first material can be foamed when it is produced such as, for example, by extrusion. The second material can also be foamed on the first material upon formation. In fact, foaming can help to ensure that the second material penetrates into the recessed cavities 7 of the first material. The surface structure, for example the dovetail protrusions, can have ridges of the same or different heights. The second foam fills the cavities and extends above them and above the patterned support to create a layer that is substantially co-extensive with the patterned support and has a uniform surface. The textured surface has cavities with ridges that overhang the cavities. The cavities may have a width at the top that is narrower than a width later in the cavity, or recessed cavities of any suitable shape, for example, they could be dove tails, sometimes referred to as a dovetail or peacock tail connection.
Edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8 can be made with a material portion thickness of between 2 and 5 mm, in particular 2 and 4 mm. A thin material provides the advantage that it can easily be disguised with a small amount of material such as plaster. That is why a pleasant installation can be made. But thin parts are weak and can be broken or damaged in use during transport or installation. Any of the embodiments may have reinforced end portions 9 or 8 that have a higher density (lower blow ratio) than other portions
BE2015 / 5788 of the panel. For example, by increasing the density, the hardness values, expressed as Shore D hardness values, can be increased by a quarter or by a third compared to the adjacent main surface 6. The main surface 6 can, for example, have a Shore D value of 45 + / - 5 while the end portions 8 or 9 of the thin portion can have a Shore D value of 60 +/- 5. This improvement in edge strength means that a metal reinforcement in the corners of the side walls of a window or door that faces inwards toward the room is not necessary.
Figures 2a - c show a selection of different interlocking shapes that can be formed on a main surface of the first coating material 1. Figs. 2a shows a conventional dovetail form in which a width of the cavity at the top is narrower than a width further in the cavity. FIG. 2b shows a shape similar to FIG. 2a, but with recessed angles on the cavity walls where a width of the cavity at the top is narrower than a width further into the cavity. FIG. 2b shows T-shaped structures in which a width of the cavity at the top is narrower than a width further in the cavity. FIG. 2d shows another design with beveled structures where the cavity width remains the same. All designs shown in FIG. 2a-c have portions of protrusions in the form of ridges that have overhanging portions overhanging the cavities.
In any of the designs of FIG. 2 or any related designs or designs derived therefrom or equivalent, the depth of such structures (i.e., the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) may be, for example, between 1.5 and 50 mm, e.g. depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (i.e., the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a manufacturing method for a panel or plate 10 with a layer of a second material, for example, a second foamed plastic material. Foams are preferred with low thermal conductivity. The second material is in
BE2015 / 5788 cavities 7 of the first material, for example an extruded thermoplastic polymer foam. The cavities can also include one or more additional materials, such as one or more than one additional barrier material or thermally insulating material, in addition to the second material. One type of desired additional material can be a barrier film, for example against moisture penetration, or can be an adhesive, for example a hot melt adhesive that binds the first and second materials together during processing, or can be a gas volume such as air.
An additional material can be formed or laid on the outer main surface of the second material, which is preferably flat. The additional material forms a second coating material which results in a double-coated composite. Suitable additional materials include sheets or films such as paper, textile, non-woven sheet, glass fiber non-woven sheet, plastic or metal sheet or metal-coated plastic, paper, textile or non-woven film, either individually or combined, for example laminated. The additional material is typically applied as a film immediately after the second material is foamed, but while it is still sticky so that the film binds. The film can have a thickness of one to 200 microns. Relatively stiff materials can also be used in highly specialized applications, such as wood or wood fiber based materials, metals or metallized films with a thickness in the range of 10 microns - 10 mm.
A second coating layer can be made of glass fibers, for example in the form of a non-woven or optionally woven plate such as a sheet, a net, a mat, an open fabric or a mesh of non-woven glass fibers. The glass fiber non-woven can be placed in a mold wherein a piece of the first material has a textured surface and a foaming composition such as on the basis of a styrene foaming composition or a polyurethane composition or the like, such that after foaming the glass fiber is non-woven on the main surface facing inwards is of the insulation panel produced in this way.
Suitable fiberglass non-woven layer have a basis weight in g / m ² from 20 to 400. The MD-Tensile strength (N / 5 cm) can be 50 to 600, a CMD-Tensile strength (N / 5 cm) of 30 to 400, a thickness (mm) of 0.7 plus or minus 0.5, and an air permeability (1 / m ² * sec; 20
BE2015 / 5788 cm ² @ 1220 Pa) of 20 plus or minus 15. The binder can be, for example, but is not limited to, modified urea formaldehyde and a mineral coating. The Cobb Test (1): value can Max = 0.10 g to be.
Water absorption (Cobb value) is the mass of water absorbed in a specific time by 1 square meter of material sample under the conditions specified in standard TAPPI T 441.
The foamed second material can have a density of between 50 - 130 g / l, in particular between 60 and 90 g / l, for example 65 - 70 g / l. The foam density of the second material that works well with fiberglass non-wovens is in the range of 50 - 90, for example 60 - 80 kg / m ³ or 70 - 75 g / l.
The second covering material can be a foil such as paper or plastic or textile or woven or non-woven textile or a plate material such as a metallized (such as aluminum) plastic or metallized (such as aluminum) paper or a combination of paper and a metal layer such as aluminum or metallized (such as aluminum) textile or metallized (such as aluminum) non-woven textile. Other films, such as metal (such as aluminum), or wood or wood fiber based sheets or metal (such as aluminum) or plastic sheets can find specialized use.
A preferred second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet or paper and metal layer such as aluminum or comprises or is a non-woven fiberglass. A suitable film for the second clad layer may comprise a gas barrier, for example to reduce oxygen or moisture transmission, for good thermal resistance, good dimensional stability, and the ability to be adhered to gypsum or chipboard or masonry.
Exemplary foils include a metal layer such as aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper. Such films can have a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 536. A thickness of between 130 and 250 μm measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 534 and surface tension > 40 dyne / cm, measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 8296.
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The cavities 7 are preferably formed by extrusion of the first material such as a thermoplastic polymer foam, but the present invention also includes the possibility of cavities being formed by ridges which are attached to the coating material of the first material using, for example, glue or ultrasonic welding. In embodiments of the plate or panel, the cavities are grooves that extend along the length dimension of the product. When the second material is applied over the grooves, the second material can penetrate into the grooves and achieve better mechanical locking and / or adhesion.
A particular advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that the interlocking structure allows two different materials to be used that do not usually bind to each other. This increases the number of potential combinations of first and second materials. One of the first and second materials can be extruded or both can be extruded. The depth of such interlocking structures (i.e., the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be, for example, between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (i.e., the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
The polymer used to make the foam from either the first and / or second material can be a single polymer type or a mixture or combination of more than one polymer. A polymer can be selected from alkenyl aromatic polymers. Suitable alkenyl aromatic polymers include homo- and copolymers of styrene or substituted styrene. Particularly desirable alkenyl aromatic polymers include styrene homopolymer and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer.
For the first material, styrene polymer compositions include, but are not limited to, styrene homopolymers and copolymers of styrene compounds and copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated comonomers. The styrene polymer composition may further comprise low proportions of non-styrene polymers. The styrene polymer composition can only consist of one or more styrene homopolymers, one or more styrene copolymers, a mixture of one or more
BE2015 / 5788 of any of styrene homopolymers and copolymers, or blends of any of these with a non-styrene polymer. Regardless of the composition, the styrene polymer material comprises more than 50 and preferably more than 70 weight percent of styrene monomer units. Most preferably, the styrene polymer material consists entirely of styrene monomer units. Suitable styrene polymers include those derived from styrene compounds such as styrene, alpha methyl styrene, vinyl benzene, vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene and bromostyrene. Low amounts of monoethylenically unsaturated compounds can be copolymerized with styrene compounds. Examples of copolymerizable compounds include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, amides, 1,3-butadiene, pentadiene and 1,4-hexadiene. Preferred structures essentially comprise polystyrene (i.e., more than 80 weight percent) and most preferably consist entirely of polystyrene because polystyrene foam is advantageous, and can form good profiles with glossy surface and sharp edges when used according to embodiments of the present invention. A general polystyrene (GPPS) is suitable, for example, as a high impact styrene polymer (High Impact Polystyrene).
The styrene polymer composition may, for example, consist of a mixture of a first styrene polymer with a relatively high melt index (MFI melt flow index) and a second styrene polymer with a relatively low MFI. The use of such a blend can be advantageous because the lower MFI polymer provides improved strength and / or hardness and the higher MFI polymer is easier to foam and / or allows for profiles with sharper edges and / or sharper details. to gain. Playing with the ratio of polymers with different MFI therefore makes it possible to optimize the process and the properties of the resulting foam.
Foaming of the styrene polymer composition is achieved by including at least one foaming agent in the styrene polymer composition. The foaming agents used can be at least one of a chemical foaming agent and a physical foaming agent.
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A chemical foaming agent is a chemical agent, for example, in particular a solid, but a liquid is not excluded from this invention, which undergoes heat-induced chemical change, e.g., decomposition, in the polymer composition whereby a gas is formed. This decomposition is usually activated by heat, but can alternatively be activated by the presence of a co-reactant. For example, a chemical foaming agent can be activated by the presence of water, water being included in the formulation, but only becoming available for chemical reaction upon addition of heat. This would, for example, be the case for certain hydrated salt compounds mixed with the chemical foaming agent sodium borohydride.
Suitable chemical foaming agents for the above-mentioned polymers for the first material include, but are not limited to, bicarbonate - acid mixture (e.g., sodium bicarbonate - citric acid mixture or sodium bicarbonate - citric acid - citrate mixture), organic acid salts, azodicarbonamide, azobisformamide, azobisisobutyrolnitrile, diazoobenzaminobenzene, diazoobenzene, -oxybis (benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH), N, N'-dinitrosopentamethyltetramine (DNPA), sodium borohydride, ptoluenesulfonylhydrazide, p-toluenesulfonylsemicarbazide, diisopropylhydrazodicarboxylate, 5-di-1,3-1,3-oxo-3, 4-oxyd-3,4-oxyd , potassium hydrogen carbonate, polycarboxylic acid, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium acetate, ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate, and other chemical foaming agents well known in the art. Mixtures of chemical foaming agents can also be used.
An advantage of chemical foaming agents is that they are easy to handle and the carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas evolved is typically relatively inert, non-flammable and non-toxic. Preferably, the chemical blowing agent used releases CO2 as a gas in the composition. Examples of commercially available CO2-releasing foaming agents are TRACEL NC 7155 and TRACEL INC 7207F from Tramaco, among others. Another option is the Tracel NC155 type from Tramaco. This is not a masterbatch, but pure powder. As far as known, it contains the same chemical basis as the above-mentioned Tracel NC7155.
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An advantage of CO2-releasing foaming agents is that they themselves are usually non-toxic, making them easy and safe to work with. On the other hand, the released CO22 leads to a slower expansion than N2.
The chemical foaming agent can preferably be used in an amount of 0.1 to 3%, for example 1.5 to 3%, depending on which agent is used. The chemical foaming agent can be used pure or in the form of a compound that combines the chemical foaming agent as such with additives. For example, TRACEL NC 7155 is sold in the form of white granules which comprise approximately 70% of the actual foaming agent. The use of such granules has the advantage that mixing with the styrene polymer composition is easier, for example when the styrene polymer composition is also in the form of granules. The use of 1% of TRACEL NC 7155 should therefore be interpreted as the use of 0.7% chemical foaming agent. Alternatively, 1.5 - 3 weight percent of NC155 in powder form can be used.
In a desired embodiment, the foaming agent (blowing agent) is free from chlorinated foaming agents and more preferably free from halogenated foaming agents.
If the polymeric foam of the first or second material has a degree of open cell content, it is preferable if it is in the body of the material and not close to the surfaces. Closed cells close to a major surface of the first material are preferred to obtain better barrier properties (e.g., water vapor barrier properties) and strength, such as impact resistance, than is achievable with open cells in the same position.
The total thickness of the foam insulation panels formed according to the invention can be from about 0.25 to 6.0, preferably 0.5 to 4.25 cm, the thickness of the first coating material generally being about 0.5 cm to 2 cm, and preferably from about 0.75 cm to 1.5 cm. A total thickness of 25 mm (e.g. 9 mm PS and 16 mm PUR) is preferred for many applications. However, larger thicknesses can be used, for example up to 150 mm. For example, the depth of the interlocking structures (in other words, the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) may
BE2015 / 5788 between 1.5 and 50 mm, for example depending on the thickness of the end product. As a percentage of the total thickness of the panel, the depth of the structures (in other words, the height of the protrusions or the depth of the cavities) can be between 5 and 30%, for example between 10 and 20%.
The second material of the core of the product between the extruded first material and the optional outer film comprises a rigid foam. The invention is not limited to the nature of the foam material that forms the insulating core, provided this insures heat insulation. The polymer compositions that fall within the scope of the invention can generally be selected from any of those that can be blown into foam. The rigid cellular polymers of the invention preferably have a closed cell content of at least about 75%, and more preferably at least about 85% of the cells. The polymer compositions of the second material can be thermoplastic or thermosetting. Suitable polymers include polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, phenol, rubber, polybutadiene, polyvinyl chloride, polyisoprene, urea aldehyde, melamine aldehyde, polystyrene, polyethers, polyimides, polysulfones, polycarbonates, polyetherimides, polyamides, polyesters, silicate resins, polyacetal resins, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyvinylidene polymers , polypropylene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, epoxy, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, silicone, and other copolymer and polymer types. The blowing or foaming agents are used in an amount sufficient to give the resulting foam the desired bulk density, which would generally be in the range of 50 - 140 g / l, preferably between 60 and 90 g / l; more preferably between 65 and 70 g / l.
Particularly effective foam-forming compositions for use in the invention as the second material are those conventionally used in forming rigid polyurethane foams, such as closed-cell PIR, PUR, and mixed PUR / PIR foams. Such foam-forming components of the polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams include polyisocyanates, polyfunctional, active hydrogen-containing compounds (e.g., polyester polyols), foaming agents, and catalysts, adjuvants, and additives as required (e.g., a surfactant). Such auxiliaries and additives include processing aids, viscosity reducers, flame retardants, dispersants, plasticizers,
BE2015 / 5788 including antioxidants, compatibility agents, fillers and pigments.
The polymer used for the first and / or second material may have dispersed additives and fillers therein, although the use of fillers must be carefully considered. Fillers can disrupt the foaming process since they can act as nucleating particles, which can lead to process instability. Notwithstanding this comment, suitable additives and fillers may be tested from any of the following or any combination of the following: infrared emollients, for example, carbon black, graphite, metal flake, titanium dioxide; clays such as natural absorbent clays, for example, kaolinite and montmorillonite and synthetic clays; nucleating agents, for example talc and magnesium silicate; flame retardants, for example brominated flame retardants such as hexabromocyclododecane and brominated polymers, phosphorus flame retardants such as triphenyl phosphate, and flame retardant packages which may also include synergists such as, for example, dicumyl and polycumyl; lubricants, for example calcium stearate and barium stearate; and acid scavengers for example magnesium oxide and tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Accordingly, a panel or plate according to embodiments of the present invention comprises a plate-like extruded first material, for example a thermoplastic polymer foam. This first material has a structured surface on one main surface. The other large surface can be flat. The textured surface may comprise open cavities in that surface. It can also contain ridges or protrusions. In general, two protrusions form the side walls of a cavity.
Extruded thermoplastic polymer foam differs in properties from other types of polymer foams such as thermosetting foam and expanded bead foams. According to the present invention, the first material can be a thermoplastic foam, a thermosetting foam, or an expanded bead foam, but extrusion is preferred. According to embodiments of the present invention, the extruded thermoplastic polymer foam has closed cells. In general, a closed cell extruded thermoplastic polymer foam is good thermal insulation. Other important properties of this plate are Shore Dhardness, scratch resistance and plaster affinity. A Shore D hardness in the range of 40
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60, for example, a Shore D hardness of 45 - 50 is preferred (as measured with a type D durometer).
Referring to Figure 3, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, extruded thermoplastic polymer foam is prepared by extrusion of a thermoplastic foamable polymer composition from an extruder 20 in a softened state through a die 21 from a zone at a foaming pressure and temperature to an environment at a pressure under foaming pressure and typically below the foam temperature. The foamable polymer composition forms an extrudate 22 after the mold 21, while expanding and cooling to form an extruded thermoplastic polymer foam. The extrudate 22 can pass through a calibration unit 24. Cavities are defined by the shape of the die 21 used in extruding thermoplastic polymer foam. Cavities may alternatively be formed at least in part by cold forming and / or hot forming, for example by compression to form one or more than one depression.
A method of extruding the first material to form the thermoplastic polymer foam can have the following steps:
a) First forming a softened polymer in the extruder 20, the polymer composition having a continuous thermoplastic polymer phase by heating the polymer composition to a temperature above the softening temperature (glass transition temperature for amorphous polymers, melting temperature of semi-crystalline polymers, and the highest glass transition temperature or melting temperature represented by thermoplastic polymers that are continuous in the polymer composition if there is a mixture of thermoplastic polymers).
b) Adding a foaming agent if it is not already present. This can be done by introducing a foaming agent into the softened polymer composition in the extruder 20 at an initial pressure sufficiently high to preclude foaming of the polymer composition. Chemical or physical foaming agents can be used or combinations thereof.
c) Optionally cooling the foamable polymer composition to a foam temperature that is still above the softening temperature of the
BE2015 / 5788 polymer composition.
d) The extrusion of the foamable polymer composition in an environment with a pressure lower than the initial pressure and a temperature lower than the foam temperature (e.g., room temperature and pressure).
e) Allowing the foamable polymer composition to expand into extruded thermoplastic polymer foam to form a first coating material with a locking structure on one main surface.
Dosing, such as, for example, a gravimetric dosing of the various components, is preferably performed.
The extrusion die is preferably constructed in such a way that edge part 9 and optionally edge part 8 can be made with a material part thickness of between 2 and 5 mm, in particular 2 and 4 mm. Each of the embodiments may have reinforced end portions 9 or 8 that have a higher density (lower blow ratio) than other parts of the plate. One way to do this is to locally cool the areas of the edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8 more than the cooling of the main surface 6. The effect of this cooling is to suffocate the expansion and thereby form a foam with a higher density. Hence, in the foaming process, the surface of the extrudate at the edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8 is immediately cooled to a higher extent upon leaving the mold than the main surface 6.
This edge cooling suppresses cell formation on the surface of the edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8 thus creating a hard, high quality finish. Since the gases evolve rapidly, this suppression of cell formation method is preferably applied simultaneously with calibration of the final form. An optional process property is that in the mold, a higher temperature can be used in the areas of edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8. With higher temperature, more gas can escape from the surface thereby creating a higher density. The higher temperature can also change the pressure gradient in the mold.
The edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8 have a sheath / skin that gives theses portions of the product more durability. The surface is improved in
BE2015 / 5788 force, so that the product is resistant to damage during transport, installation process or the use process.
By such an increase in density process properties, the hardness values expressed as Shore D hardness can be increased by a quarter or a third as compared to the adjacent main surface 6. For example, the main surface 6 can have a Shore D value of 45 +/- 5 while the end portions 8 or 9 of the thin portion may have a Shore D value of 60 +/- 5. This improvement in edge strength means that a metal reinforcement in the corners of the side walls of a window or door that faces inwards toward the room is not necessary.
Where a chemical foaming agent is used, it is preferably added to the neat styrene polymer polymer composition, blended and fed to an extruder styrene polymer along with the polymer composition via the extruder feed. The mixing can for instance be carried out in a mixing vessel. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the Vicat temperature of the styrene polymer composition to ensure thorough mixing and is further heated to the activation temperature of the chemical foaming agent, resulting in dissolution of the chemical foaming agent. The gas that is formed upon activation is essentially dissolved or dispersed in the melt mixture. The temperature and pressure of the system are controlled to substantially maintain a single phase.
The expansion of the thermoplastic plastic of the first material, such as a styrene polymer foam, the extrudate, for example styrene polymer foam extrudate, can be passed through a calibration system 24 and optionally controlled in temperature. In order to reduce the friction between the calibration system and the foaming thermoplastic polymer of the first material, such as styrene polymer, one or more of the following can be done: a) the geometry of the calibration unit can preferably be adapted to the changing shape of the mold. output during foaming, b) the foam surface is preferably kept at a temperature below the Tg of the thermoplastic polymer, such as the styrene polymer, c) the calibration unit is preferably coated on the inside with a low-friction coating. The calibration system preferably assumes cooling
BE2015 / 5788 foamed polymer blend part. The thermoplastic polymer of the first material, such as the styrene polymer foam, can also pass through a water bath to cool. The formed thermoplastic polymer foam of the first material, such as the styrene polymer foam, is most easily drawn by, for example, a pull-off roller or other motorized pulling device (not shown separately) known to those skilled in the art. The take-off roller preferably comprises pads formed to minimize the contact forces of the electrodes with the surface of the styrene polymer foam. The thermoplastic polymer foam of the first material, such as the styrene polymer foam, preferably already has a stable geometry before it comes into contact with the pulling device (for example the pull-off roller pads).
The extruded thermoplastic polymer foams produced according to embodiments of the present invention can have a surface Shore Dhardness of 35 or more. The surface Shore D hardness can for instance be between 35 and 55, for example 45 to 50. Shore D hardness can be measured according to NEN-EN-ISO 868, DIN 53505, or ASTM D2240. The structured surface 3 can comprise sharp detail elements, for example cavities with recessed corners on at least one side wall.
The second material is applied to the first material on the main surface that has the structured surface. The application of the second material can be done in a mold. A piece of the first material is placed in a mold and the second material is then added in a non-foamed state. A foil may then be placed on top of the second material to form a double-coated composite. The film can be any suitable material such as paper, plastic, metal, metallized film, etc. The film can be paper or plastic or textile or woven or non-woven textile or a non-woven fiberglass plate, or other sheet material such as a metallized (such as aluminum) ) plastic or metallized (such as aluminum) paper or a combination of paper and a metal layer such as aluminum or metallized (such as aluminum) textile or metallized (such as aluminum) nonwoven textile. Other films, such as metal (such as aluminum), or on wood or wood fiber
BE2015 / 5788 based plates or metal (such as aluminum) or plastic plates can find specialized use.
The mold is closed so that the second material can foam. The foil layer serves to cover the still sticky surface of the foamed second material and to act as a release layer to prevent the second material from adhering to the mold. It also preferably has an affinity with plaster, and to promote adhesion during installation, but does not absorb water and preferably does not support or promote growth of fungi or bacteria.
The second material can be applied by other means. It can be applied, for example, by an extrusion or casting technique - see Figs. 3. This can be done in tandem mode after extruding the first material. In such a device, the first material is extruded as an extrudate 22 followed by the deposition of second material on the moving first material where the second material foams. The second material can be extruded on the extrudate 22 or cast from device 26. The product 32 thereof can be held between two tracks of a caterpillar track 30 so that the thickness dimension of the product is determined by the distance between the upper and lower caterpillar tracks. The caterpillar track 30 can act as a deduction roller. A film 28 is preferably applied on top of the foaming second material to prevent sticking to the upper caterpillar and to form a double-coated composite. The film 28 can be any suitable material such as paper, plastic, metal, metallized film, etc. Or the second material can be foamed to lengths of the extruded and cooled first material.
Preferably the foam materials used as the first or second materials are free of chlorinated compounds and preferably free of halogenated foaming agents (blowing agents).
The extruded thermoplastic polymer foam of the first material preferably has an average density of 330-500, for example a density of 380,445 g / l (or kg / m ³ ) to have structural integrity. Measuring the average density can be done according to ASTM D 1622-08 (standard test method of the
BE2015 / 5788 apparent density of rigid cellular plastics).
The extruded thermoplastic foam of the first material can have a graduated density with lower density material in the center. It is preferred to have a higher density foam near the major surfaces.
The size of the film (i.e., a second coating material - some as described above) as applied to the second foam material in the final product can be selected as desired. The film can, for example, be coextensive with the degree of the second foam material in the final product. This leaves the edges of the second material free from the foil. Alternatively, the film can extend beyond this extent and can be wrapped around one or more, or two, or three or all four of the edges of the second foam material so that one, two, three or four of the edge surfaces of the second foamed material extending to the intersection with the first coating material are covered by the film in the final product. An advantage of this embodiment is that the edge surfaces are protected by the foil and can provide good adhesive surfaces for fixing to masonry or other building components. The protection may comprise a water vapor barrier, for example a metal such as an aluminum layer that is incorporated in or attached to the film.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing an insulation panel is provided comprising a rigid plastic foam core with two main surfaces and a covering material on at least one of the main surfaces, the method comprising the following:
Pre-forming a film (described above as a second coating material) in an empty mold so that in the final product the film extends such that it wraps around one or more, or two, or three or all four of the edges of the second foam material (any of the materials as described above) is wrapped so that one, two, three or four of the edge surfaces of the second foamed material, which extend to the intersection with the first coating material, are covered by the film in the final product.
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The film is optionally clamped in its final position, for example by means of suitable clamps including mechanical clamps, vacuum clamps, clevis clamps, etc.
The edges of the mold (i.e. the side edges, which extend to the intersection with the first covering material) can be placed at an angle - see number 31 of FIG. 5. For example, beveled in such a way as to facilitate de-forming and to make it possible to place foil on some or all of the sides of the second foam material in the final product and to thereby form a double-coated composite. This foil can be used to ensure adhesion of the end product to the plaster, or for example as a water vapor barrier. This is shown schematically in FIG. 5 wherein the reference numbers refer to the identical materials and properties as described with reference to FIG. 1.
The first coating material is placed on top, for example supported by the side covers of the mold or mold inserts.
The mold is closed and the foaming reaction reaches completion.
The product is removed from the mold after sufficient cooling.
Any excess material is cut away, for example any excess of film material is cut away.
Depending on the required length, ends of the product can be shortened or cleaned up by sawing, laser cutting or any other cutting method.
A preferred second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet or paper and metal layer such as aluminum or comprises or is a non-woven fiberglass. A suitable film for the second clad layer may include a gas barrier, for example to reduce oxygen or moisture transmission, for good thermal resistance, good dimensional stability, and the ability to be adhered to gypsum or chipboard or masonry.
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Exemplary foils include a metal layer such as aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper. Such films can have a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 536, a thickness of between 130 and 250 μm measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 534 and surface tension > 40 dyne / cm, measured at 23 ° C and 50% RH according to ISO 8296.
Devices made in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include:
Layer 1: an extruded thermoplastic layer with an indented structured surface on one main surface can be used as a door jamb for, for example, a window or door. It can be finished with plaster or drywall. The end portions (edge portion 9 and optionally edge portion 8) can be made with a higher density, such as Shore D values that are a quarter or a third higher than the middle portions, for example, the main surface 6 can have a Shore D value of 45 +/- 5 while the end portions 8 or 9 of the thin portion have a Shore D value of 60 +/- 5. This improvement in edge strength means that a metal reinforcement in the corners of the side walls of a window or door that faces inwards toward the room is not necessary.
Layer 2: the second molded material enters the indented textured surface and functions as a thermal insulation enhancer.
Layer 3: a film layer such as paper or a glass fiber-based plate that is flexible is preferred to form a double-coated composite therewith. For specialized applications, this foil layer can be thicker and even stiff. This layer has two potential functions: it serves to cover the still sticky surface of the foamed second material and improves the adhesion of the end product to walls such as masonry.
Panels or plates of embodiments of the present invention can provide a superior combination of durability and thermal insulating properties. The lambda value of the second material such as PUR can be between 0.027 and 0.029 W / mK. For the first foam material (density approx. 420 g / l) the lambda value is between 0.052 and 0.058 W / mK.
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The plate product of the present invention desirably has a thermal conductivity of 33 - 35 milliWatt per meter per Kelvin (mW / m * K).
Panels or plates according to embodiments of the present invention may have edges that have specific profiles or shapes, for example to enable them to be secured or clicked together. Opposite edges of the panel or plate may, for example, have mating tongue and groove shapes. Edge profiling can be performed at the time of manufacture or later by machining. For example, the main surface 6 can have a Shore D value of 45 +/- 5 while the end portions 8 or 9 of the thin portion have a Shore D value of 60 +/- 5. This improvement in edge strength means that a metal reinforcement in the corners of the side walls of a window or door facing inwards towards the room is not necessary.
The outer surface of the first material can have a flat surface or a profiled surface. The second material in the cavities also preferably defines a flat main outer surface.
Devices of the present invention are particularly useful as thermally insulating materials. A method of using the devices is to position the device as a window style. The device provides thermal insulation and is also moisture-resistant while providing one main surface (first cladding material) that can be painted and the other surface (second cladding material to thereby form a double-coated composite) for adhesion to a wall of a building. Alternatively, devices according to the present invention can be placed on a wall of a building for thermally insulating the inside of the structure from the outside of the structure.
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to window posts and in particular to a wall housing or post extension so that windows are suitable for installation in window openings with different wall thicknesses. In these embodiments, the present invention provides a wall housing or a post extension for the sides and optionally the top and / or bottom (main post
BE2015 / 5788 and window sill extension) of the window assembly.
Referring to FIG. 4, a typical window assembly 40 includes a window frame mounted in a wall 46 and a fixed or movable window member 44 installed in the frame. The window frame has side posts 42, a head or top post (not shown) and a window sill (not shown). Typically, the window frame will be rectangular or square. Insulation plate 10 of the types described above with respect to any of the embodiments of the present invention form wall casings or post extensions 50 and are applicable to a wide range of windows.
In embodiments of the present invention, a wall enclosure or post extension 50 may border on the inside of the window frame posts 42, for example, to prevent cold bridges. If necessary, any space can be filled with insulating material such as putty. The wall envelopes or post extension pieces 50 are attached to the walls on the wall surfaces which extend inwardly to the space in which the window is installed.
Typically, two vertical wall casings or post extension pieces 50 are used for each window, one for each of the vertical side walls. These wall sheaths or post-extensions 50 are made of any of the panels as described above, each having side edges that can be formed with an end form 8 used to provide a connection to another panel or an end form 9 with a plasterboard 48 or patch to work together on the inner wall 52 of the room. The two sheaths of the side walls or post extension 50 have a length cut to correspond to the lengths of the side posts 42. Optionally, a top end extension can be provided with a length corresponding to the length of the top post, and a bottom sill extension with a length that corresponds to the length of the sill.
The wall envelopes or post extension pieces 50 are glued to the side walls 46, 52 with the inside formed by a cover layer, such as a glass fiber non-woven as described above. This avoids the need to use mechanical fasteners, such as clamps, that are bulky and possibly ugly,
BE2015 / 5788 or screws or bolts that are susceptible to rust and require coverage of the head section. To fix the wall casings or post extension pieces 50 to the window, the wall casings or post extension pieces 50 are cut to the desired length and width and then mounted on the side walls adjacent to the vertical posts 32 of the window frame. The high quality upholstery of the first material provides an aesthetic appearance that is uninterrupted by the heads, bolts, screws or nails.
The main surface 6 can have a Shore D value of 45 +/- 5 while the end portions 8 or 9 of the thin portion can have a Shore D value of 60 +/- 5. This improvement in edge strength means that a metal reinforcement in the corners of the side walls of a window or door that faces inwards toward the room is not necessary.
The insulation boards of any of the embodiments of the present invention can be used, for example, in a door. The door frame has side posts, a head or top post, and a sill. Typically, the frame will be rectangular. Insulation plates 10 of the types described above with respect to any of the embodiments of the present invention form wall casings or post-extensions and are applicable to a wide range of windows.
In embodiments of the present invention, a wall cover or post extension may abut the inside of the door frame posts as described above for windows. In general there will be a variety of residential or building designs in every area. These home or building designs usually have a variety of wall designs such as dry walls, cavity walls, double cavity walls or multiple cavity walls. A cavity wall consists of two skins that are separated by a hollow space or cavity. The skins are usually masonry, such as brick or concrete blocks. A double cavity wall has three hides and two cavities. Cavity walls are described as double-leaf walls, double-cavity as triple-leaf walls and triple cavity walls as quadruple leaf. Each of the embodiments of panel 1 is suitable for use on all kinds of walls (with or without cavities).
BE2015 / 5788
Thermal bypass is where heat insulation bypasses and escapes to the internal or external environment. This can happen when a cavity in a wall can communicate with the internal or external environment, causing heat loss from a location in the building. Thermal bypass can make an insulation layer completely irrelevant to the heat flow in localized areas and significantly deteriorate the energy efficiency of the building. The panels 1 according to any of the embodiments of the present invention can provide thermal insulation at an edge to eliminate the possibility of air displacement from a cavity in the wall to the internal environment, or vice versa. The insulation layer 2 firmly adjoins a cavity and additional edge sealing is not required. The panels 1 according to any of the embodiments of the present invention provide thermal edge sealing in the case of double cavity walls. The insulating layer 2 will bridge from one cavity to the other and form an adequate thermal edge seal. A cavity wall consists of two skins that are separated by a hollow space or cavity. The skins are usually masonry, such as brick or concrete blocks. A double cavity wall has three hides and two cavities. Cavity walls are described as double-leaf walls, double-cavity as triple-leaf walls and triple cavity walls as quadruple leaf. The panels 1 according to any of the embodiments of the present invention can also be used with multi-cavity walls or dry walls.
In such buildings as described above, moisture can accumulate when the rate of moisture entry into an assembly is greater than the rate of moisture removal. When moisture accumulation exceeds the ability of the assembly materials to store moisture without compromising performance or long-term service life, moisture problems arise. Each of the embodiments of the present invention addresses these humidification mechanisms. In the case of condensation, the insulating layer 2 isolates the outer surface 6 from having a low temperature of an outer wall and this prevents condensation. The temperature of the condensing or moisture accumulation surface is important. How cold the outer surface 6 becomes depends on the insulation and temperature of a wall or cavity and this determines how much moisture accumulates on the surface 6 and the risk of mold growth. The colder this surface 6 is, the more moisture that accumulates; the warmer the surface 6
BE2015 / 5788, the less moisture that accumulates. Therefore, this temperature (which is based on the thermal resistance of the panel 1 as a whole) also determines how much resistance to water vapor diffusion from the inside can be allowed.
Any of the embodiments of the present invention may include a vapor barrier, such as a layer of aluminum or metallized non-woven, metallized paper or a laminate of a metal layer such as aluminum with a nonwoven, paper, etc.
Any of the embodiments of panel 1 is bifunctional and can be used for plaster or plasterboard. Each of the embodiments of panel 1 is suitable for use in new construction and renovation.
Accordingly, an area and plurality of buildings can have window frames and / or door frames in an outer wall, wherein at least one building has a first outer window or door frame that is placed in at least a first wall selected from the following:
a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall, a multi-cavity wall and at least one building has a second outer window or door frame that is placed in at least one second wall selected from the following and different from the first wall :
a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall and a multi-cavity wall and wherein the first and second window or door frames have a thermal insulation panel that is attached to internal side walls of the window, the thermal
BE2015 / 5788 insulation panel has a core of rigid plastic foam with two main surfaces, one main surface of which is a first coating material and the other main surface is attached to a second coating material to thereby form a double-coated composite, the first coating material being an extruded thermoplastic foamed polymer layer or comprises a composite of an extruded thermoplastic foamed polymer layer and an insulating foam.
The panels can include a vapor barrier. The plates are bifunctional and at least one wall is finished in plaster and another wall is finished with plasterboard.
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been removed herein for the sake of brevity and readability, but fall within the scope of the following claims.

权利要求:
Claims (18)
[1]
Conclusions
A method of producing an insulating panel comprising a rigid plastic foam core with two main surfaces and a covering material on at least one of the main surfaces, the method comprising:
(a) providing a first coating material made from a first material for attachment to one major surface of the core, the first coating material having an interlocking surface structure on one major surface, (b) applying a first coating material to the first coating material second material, which is a foam-forming mixture, so that the second material penetrates into the locking structure of the first coating material to form a single-coated composite, the second material being substantially co-extensive with the first coating material;
(c) providing a second coating material for application to the foam-forming mixture and attaching the second coating material to the exposed main surface of the core to form a double-coated composite, wherein the first coating material comprises either an extruded thermoplastic polymeric foam layer or a laminate of the extruded thermoplastic polymer foam layer with at least one other coating material, and (d) foaming and curing the coated foam-forming mixture to produce an insulating plate.
[2]
The method of claim 1, wherein applying a second material, which is a foam-forming mixture, to the first coating material comprises casting.
[3]
Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interlocking surface structure comprises ridges and cavities wherein for at least some of the cavities, the ridges have overhanging parts hanging over the cavities.
[4]
The method of claim 3, such that a width of a cavity at a higher position in the cavity is smaller than a width at a lower position of the cavity.
BE2015 / 5788
[5]
The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein one or both of the first and second coating materials comprise a multi-layered laminate, or the second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet, a paper and metal layer, such as aluminum, or a non-glass fiber or comprises woven, or the second covering material comprises aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft paper, and has a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² , a thickness of between 130 and 250 μm and a surface tension of> 40 dyne / cm or whether the second coating material is a paper sheet or a fiberglass fabric, such as a nonwoven.
[6]
The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the foam-forming mixture comprises a mixture for forming a rigid polymer foam selected from the group of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
[7]
The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first coating layer or layers comprise a styrene polymer composition.
[8]
A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
preforming the second coating material into an empty mold so that the film in the final product will extend such that it is wrapped around one or more, or two, or three or all four of the edges of the second material, so that one, two, three or four of the edge surfaces of the second foamed material, which extend to the intersection with the first coating material, are covered by the film in the final product, the second material to be foamed is then added to the mold, the first coating material is placed on top wherein a textured surface faces the second material,
BE2015 / 5788 the mold is closed and the foaming reaction reaches completion, and the product is removed from the mold after sufficient cooling.
[9]
A method according to claim 8, wherein the side edges of the mold, which rise up to the intersection with the first coating material in the final product, are angled or chamfered in such a way that removal from the mold is facilitated and film is aligned which or some or all of the sides of the second foamed material can be applied to the final product.
[10]
A thermal insulation panel comprising a double-coated composite with a core of rigid plastic foam with two main surfaces, one main surface being attached to a first coating material and the other main surface being attached to a second coating material, the first coating material being an extruded thermoplastic foamed polymer layer or a composite of the extruded thermoplastic foamed polymer layer comprising at least one other coating material, the first coating material having an interlocking surface structure on a major surface, and wherein the rigid plastic foam penetrates into the interlocking structure.
[11]
The thermal insulation panel of claim 10, wherein the interlocking surface structure comprises ridges and cavities wherein for at least some of the cavities, the ridges have overhanging portions such that a width of a cavity at a higher position in the cavity is smaller than one width at a lower position of the cavity.
[12]
A thermal insulation panel according to any of claims 10 or 11, wherein the second coating material is made of paper or fiberglass fabric, such as a non-woven, or the second coating material comprises or is a paper sheet or a paper and metal layer, such as aluminum. or a fiberglass is or comprises non-woven, or the second covering material comprises aluminum laminated with paper, such as Kraft, with a weight of between 140 and 220 g / m ² , a thickness of between 130 and 250 μm and surface tension of> 40 dyne / cm, or
BE2015 / 5788 the second coating material is a paper sheet or a fiberglass fabric, such as a nonwoven.
[13]
The thermal insulation panel of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the extruded thermoplastic foamed polymer layer of the first coating material comprises a styrene polymer or wherein the rigid plastic foam comprises a polymer foam selected from the group of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
[14]
The thermal insulation panel of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the second cladding material extends to any or some or all of the sides of the second foamed material in the final product.
[15]
The thermal insulation panel of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein an outer edge of the first cladding material has a section of 2 to 5 mm and has a higher density than a middle portion of the first cladding material.
[16]
A wall casing or door jamb or window jamb extension comprising a thermal insulation panel according to any of claims 10 to 15.
[17]
17. A plurality of buildings with walls and window frames and / or door frames in an outer wall, wherein at least one building has a first outer window or door frame mounted in at least a first wall selected from the following:
a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall, a wall with several cavities and
BE2015 / 5788 at least one building has a second outer window or door frame that is placed in at least one second wall selected from the following and different from the first wall: a solid dry wall, a cavity wall a double cavity wall a multi-cavity wall wherein the first and second window or door frames both have a thermal insulation panel as a door jamb or window jamb extension attached to internal side walls of the first and second window, wherein the thermal insulation panel comprises a double-coated composite with a rigid core plastic foam with two major surfaces, one major surface of a first coating material and the other major surface attached to a second coating material, the first coating material comprising an extruded foamed thermoplastic polymer layer or a composite of an extruded foamed thermoplastic polymer layer and an insulating foam.
[18]
A plurality of buildings according to claim 17, wherein the thermal insulation panel is any of the panels according to claims 10 to 15.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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BE1025811A1|2019-07-15|

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EP3031592A1|2016-06-15|

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法律状态:
2019-12-16| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20191118 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP14197435|2014-12-11|

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GB1503052.1|2015-02-24|

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GB201503052A|GB201503052D0|2015-02-24|2015-02-24|Insulation boards and production thereof|

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EP1503052.1|2015-02-24|

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GB201503151A|GB201503151D0|2015-02-25|2015-02-25|Insulation boards and production thereof|

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GBGB1515167.3A|GB201515167D0|2015-08-26|2015-08-26|Insulation boards and production thereof|

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