• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention describes a method for the design and construction of a dwelling with at least two floors comprising the positioning and assembly of modules on foundations, in which the modules are chosen from at least one three-dimensional single-storey, two-story module. - floor or multi-floor of a stairwell or two-floor or multi-floor elevator, at least one three-dimensional single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey sanitary room module and at least one three-dimensional mono- floor, two-storey or multi-storey of technical room; and a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from exterior walls, interior partitions, floors and roofing elements, each of the three-dimensional modules being prefabricated in the factory and being sufficiently rigid to be able to be handled and transported without damaging the integrated equipment and finishes, the two-dimensional modules preferably also being prefabricated in the factory. The invention also describes a suitable construction kit.
    公开号:BE1022745B1
    申请号:E2015/5132
    申请日:2015-03-12
    公开日:2016-08-29
    发明作者:Pierre Solheid；André Heyen
    申请人:Naturhome Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a new method for the rapid design and construction of single dwellings, in particular houses.
    STATE OF THE ART [0002] The building or housing construction sector is full of solutions designed to offer attractive solutions to future owners, with emphasis on either the attractive price or the originality of the building. the construction, either on the durability, on the energetic performances, on the comfort, or on the speed of construction, etc. Unfortunately, these criteria are often mutually exclusive.
    The energy standards are becoming increasingly severe as to the level of insulation and airtightness of new homes. A significant additional cost comes from the amount of insulating materials to implement and their technicality, and therefore the thickness of the walls and the building structure. It is becoming increasingly difficult for households to gain ownership of a new home. Technical solutions must be developed to reduce manufacturing and assembly costs while improving performance.
    In order to satisfy the wishes of the future homeowner, there are, in a simplified manner, three solutions for building a house.
    First, the house is designed and designed according to the wishes and budget of the client, this phase being followed by the conventional construction on site with the simultaneous, successive, intercalated, repeated involvement of all trades of construction. The major advantage of this type of construction is certainly the architectural freedom. Among the disadvantages of this classical system is the relatively long duration of construction, the hazards and extra costs of traveling to the site (sometimes distant) of workers, employees and subcontractors, the difficulty of coordinating the work of these many contributors, the hazards and additional costs due to climatic conditions, etc.
    The second solution is to use parts of three-dimensional houses prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site. Some current solutions allow significant architectural freedom, while others are more restrictive. The dwelling must in principle be chosen from a number of types of houses with more or fewer variants. The advantages are the possibility of integrating a certain number of technical equipment, the predictability of costs and the speed of construction. The disadvantages are generally limitations due to the fact that the houses must be divisible into transportable modules from the factory to the site, and that part of this transport must be done by expensive exceptional convoys. Another disadvantage is that these modules are often large are subject to airtightness and / or thermal insulation at the junctions between these modules ('work' of the wood, expansion / contraction depending on climatic conditions, ...).
    The third solution is to prefabricated two-dimensional walls for the building envelope, so its insulation and its tightness to water and air. The main advantage is the ease and durability of the airtightness and insulation of the building. The disadvantage compared to the second solution is that it is complex or impossible to integrate as much technical equipment, such as electrical ducts, mechanical ventilation, landfills, water supply, heating system, ... Stakeholder travel as well as relative hazards are less important than with the first solution but still significantly larger than with the second solution.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION [0008] An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a new and original construction concept enabling the construction of energy-efficient individualized dwellings while reducing manufacturing and assembly costs, as well as that deadlines.
    GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0009] In order to solve the problem mentioned above, the present invention proposes in a first aspect a method of designing and constructing a dwelling with at least two floors comprising positioning and assembly. modules on foundations. The modules are selected on one side from one or more three-dimensional modules rigid enough to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and integrated finishes (also called self-supporting three-dimensional modules) and prefabricated in the factory selected from a single-stage module, bi -Store or multi-storey of stairwell or two-storey or multi-storey elevator, a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey unit of sanitary room and a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey technical room; and on the other hand out of a plurality of preferably prefabricated two-dimensional modules selected from external walls, interior partitions, floors (and / or slabs) and roof elements (eg roof panels). ).
    In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method of design and construction of a dwelling with at least two floors comprising the positioning and assembly of modules on foundations, wherein the modules are selected from at least a three-dimensional stairwell or elevator module, at least one three-dimensional sanitary unit module and at least one three-dimensional technical room module, and a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from external walls, interior partitions, floors and roof elements. Each of the three-dimensional modules is rigid enough to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and finishes integrated and prefabricated at the factory. The two-dimensional modules are preferably also prefabricated at the factory.
    The invention is based initially on the observation of the inventors that the design and construction of homes, especially individual houses, mobilizes a lot of resources from both the future owner and the architect trying to satisfy the wishes of his client. Indeed, unless you choose a relatively standard construction according to a predefined plan, the number of queries that arise before the design starts and the number of decisions to be made throughout the project by the future owner are as many obstacles which are at the origin of the gap between the expectations of the owner, the realities on the building site and the final result.
    It seems clear that most future owners wish a priori (build) a single house, unique that does not look like the others. However, for the vast majority of these future owners the reality nevertheless imposes financial constraints that go against these aspirations of individualism and originality. In addition, the desire for individualization makes it difficult to budget and long or even random the duration of the project.
    The originality of the present invention is largely based on the fact that the inventors have found that it is possible to greatly simplify the process both during the design stage, than during the construction stage. Indeed, they recognized that a house actually has two types of building blocks, namely on the one hand the "parts with technical function" (the stairs, the kitchen, the sanitary rooms like the bathroom, the shower room and toilets, so-called technical premises such as a laundry room, the boiler room or technical "boxes" for the passage of water pipes, heating, ventilation, electricity, etc.) and on the other hand, "habitable rooms" (living room, bedrooms, etc.). These two types of construction elements have totally different logics and constraints. Indeed, parts with technical function are essential, require the most effort and time during construction, are the subject of most claims, but they contribute less to the individual aspect of the house. On the other hand, habitable rooms are in principle less demanding in terms of construction, but they are the ones that allow the future owner to express his individuality and to identify with his new home. By creating self-supporting and prefabricated three-dimensional modules at the factory for "technical function parts" and using two-dimensional modules to create the internal partitioning of the house and possibly the outer walls of the house (envelope), it is possible to optimize the factory integration of the construction elements (structure, chassis, doors, finishes, etc.) and the technical elements (ventilation ducts, electricity, water or heating ducts, equipment, etc.) specific to each of the two types of constructive elements. This optimization is technical, qualitative and cost. In addition to the advantages of this innovative constructive concept, prefabrication in the factory and a certain repetitiveness allow a better control of construction, assembly and assembly.
    In summary, the use of three-dimensional self-supporting and prefabricated modules for rather technical functions and the use of two-dimensional modules to define the space of the rest of the construction imposes few constraints a priori. These few remaining constraints are also relatively independent of the overall appearance of the finished construction and therefore do not hinder the aesthetics of the construction.
    The inventors have also found that it is possible to further reduce construction costs by limiting one of the dimensions of the three-dimensional modules. Therefore, in a preferred aspect, the three-dimensional modules have at least one of their dimensions less than or equal to the maximum width allowed for conventional transport, without resorting to the exceptional convoy. This dimension may vary from country to country, but in a general way, these dimensions make it possible to meet all the technical and legal requirements to which technical function parts, such as the width of a staircase, the dimensions of a bathroom or a boiler room. In practice, this (at least one) dimension is a multiple of 1.15 to 1.29 m, with a maximum of 2.50 to 2.59 m. The terms "dimension" or "dimensions" in the context of the three-dimensional modules are to be understood as being the dimensions of the smallest rectangular parallelepiped circumscribing the module, namely in height, width and length. The at least one dimension can therefore be the width, the height or the length, as the case may be. Dimensional indications of three-dimensional modules are given with a tolerance of +/- 5 cm unless explicitly stated otherwise.
    [0016] Finally, unlike other known prefabricated solutions, the use of two-dimensional modules for the definition of space considerably increases design flexibility and at the same time considerably reduces transport costs since these modules can be arranged side by side. compactly on a trailer.
    In conclusion, the present invention can significantly reduce the costs and duration of design and construction, while allowing a simplified planning and improved control of the work.
    A further aspect of the invention thus also relates to three-dimensional modules for the construction of a dwelling with at least two floors, the three-dimensional modules being selected from a single-stage module, two-stage or multi-stage cage. staircase or two-storey or multi-storey elevator, a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey unit of sanitary room and a single-storey module, two-storey or multi-storey technical room, three-dimensional modules preferably having at least one of their dimensions a size which is at most 250 to 259 cm, preferably 115 to 127.5 cm or 230 to 255 cm. [0019] A further aspect of the invention further relates to a kit of construction for the construction of a dwelling of two or more storeys comprising at least one three-dimensional single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey stairwell or two-storey or multi-storey elevator module, at least one modul three-dimensional single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey sanitary room and at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey technical room, each of the three-dimensional modules being self-supporting and prefabricated in the factory. The invention also contemplates a kit for constructing an at least two-story dwelling comprising one or more three-dimensional modules as described herein and a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from exterior walls, interior partitions, floors and building elements. roof.
    [0020] A last aspect of the invention provides a non-transitory storage medium readable by a computer having, stored therein, data representing instructions executable by a processor programmed for the design and display of a dwelling. at least two stages comprising the positioning and the assembly of modules on foundations, the modules being chosen from one or more three-dimensional modules selected from a single-stage, two-stage or multi-stage module of a stairwell or bi-stage floor or multi-stage elevator, a single-stage module, two-storey or multi-storey of sanitary room and a single-storey module, two-storey or multi-storey technical room; and among a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from outer walls, interior partitions, floors, roof elements. Preferably, the three-dimensional modules comprise at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey staircase or two-storey or multi-floor elevator, at least two three-dimensional modules single-stage, two-storey or multi-floor sanitary room (WC and bathroom or shower room) and at least a single-floor module, two-story or multi-floor technical room (laundry room, boiler room).
    In the context of the invention, the term "foundation" or "foundations" generally means all the structures intended to ensure the basic stability of a construction and includes the superficial foundations, semi - Deep and deep according to the needs of the construction site. In addition to this conventional meaning, this term also includes, where appropriate, the floor or the upper slab of a cellar or crawl space, or a wooden floor directly supported on studs.
    A prefabricated module is a building component which represents a discrete element of a set, but which is semi-finished or finished in the factory and assembled on site with other prefabricated modules or not.
    In the context of the invention, a three-dimensional prefabricated module is a self-supporting structure (that is to say a sufficiently rigid structure to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and integrated finishes possible) defining a three-dimensional space free with a technical function, such as a technical room or a stairwell or elevator, a kitchen, toilets, etc. It should be noted that these three-dimensional modules may have external walls or partitions on some of their sides or even parts of their sides only. These prefabricated three-dimensional modules generally play at least one technical function in the future building, for example a kitchen, a bathroom, a toilet, a technical room, a technical duct, a chimney, the passage of technical elements (ducts, cables , conduits, etc.), etc.
    It should be noted that a three-dimensional module single-stage stairwell is a priori sufficient to connect two floors to the extent that the space above the module remains free / accessible. In addition, a three-dimensional module two-stage or multistage can be achieved by the superposition of two or more three-dimensional single-stage modules (identical or different), for reasons of reducing the bulk during transport, simplification of handling and / or positioning on site, for reasons of rationalization of manufacture, or for any reason. Similarly, a three-dimensional multi-stage module can itself be realized by the superposition of single-stage modules, two-stage and / or multi-stages (identical or different).
    Unlike three-dimensional modules, a two-dimensional module does not define an interior space alone. These are generally partitions or walls, interior or exterior, partitions, floors or parts thereof, roof elements, etc. In general, these preferably prefabricated two-dimensional modules already incorporate the majority of technical elements, such as thermal and / or sound insulation, (location) of doors and windows, electrical wiring, possibly (part of) finishing outside, etc.
    The two-dimensional modules particularly represent the outer walls or internal partitions. As regards outer walls, these will generally comprise several layers, namely an outer facing layer, one or more insulating layers, the structure, a possible lath technique and an inner layer with finishes. Preferably, their exterior facing is wood, plaster, facade cladding panels, cladding, stone, brick, etc. Interior partitions can also have multiple layers.
    The method or the construction kit preferably comprises at least four different three-dimensional modules, namely a staircase or elevator module module, two sanitary modules (WC and bathroom / shower room), and a technical module (laundry, boiler room). Additional / optional modules may be provided according to the wishes of the client, namely an additional number of modules above or one or more other modules, for example kitchen, dressing, car-port, garage, terrace, pergola, etc.
    The materials used for the prefabrication of two- and three-dimensional modules are known conventional materials. Preferably, however, these materials are chosen for their durability, respect for the environment and their acoustic and thermal insulation performance. The preferred material is mainly wood or its derivatives.
    Advantageously, the design phase is computer-assisted, in particular by a configuration software running on a personal computer or accessible via an Internet site to choose the size and shape of the house and to arrange the modules. two- and three-dimensional in space.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0030] Other features and characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of some advantageous embodiments presented below, by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
    Fig. 1: is a perspective view of an example of two superposed prefabricated three-dimensional modules superimposed;
    Fig. 2: represents a perspective view of a two-dimensional three-dimensional module, in this case WC;
    Fig. 3: is a plan view of a two-story stairwell module;
    Fig. 4: is a plan view of seven examples of three-dimensional sanitary modules (bathroom and shower room);
    Fig. 5: is a plan view of six variants of three-dimensional kitchen modules;
    Fig. 6: is a plan view of a sanitary WC module (single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey) with "box" for technical passage between levels;
    Fig. 7: is a plan view of examples of a technical room or laundry room;
    Fig. 8: presents examples of three-dimensional modules classified according to their size (S, M, L), as well as optional modules (O);
    Fig. 9: is a two-story plan view of a house designed with the two- and three-dimensional modules described in this document;
    Fig. 10: shows the different possibilities of mounting the three-dimensional modules from the point of view of stability;
    Fig. 11: contains two CAD drawings with the different three-dimensional modules and two-dimensional walls that make up the ground floor and the floor of the house.
    DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In general, the method of designing and constructing a dwelling with at least two floors according to the invention comprises several phases. The first is of course the actual design of the dwelling. The present invention proposes to simplify this step by making available a particular configuration or configuration software incorporating the precepts of the invention.
    The configurator makes it possible to easily develop the plans of the future house knowing immediately the financial impact of each choice. The configuration lasts for example between 45 minutes and 1:30 depending on the complexity of the project. It is possible to save the plans and a detailed quote is provided. The total corresponds to a perfectly equipped and finished house. In order to know the complete and final budget of the project, it is necessary to add to the amount of this estimate the price of the land, the cost of earthworks and foundations or cellars, the architect's fees and safety and health missions, the costs of connection, energy certification, fitted kitchen and lighting.
    The configurator works on any computer, for example PC, Mac or laptop.
    At first, the client chooses the shape of his house and he sets the dimensions. Once the external volume is defined, it is invited to position the self-supporting three-dimensional modules that are the WC, the technical room, the staircase and the bathroom (s). He can then delimit spaces using the mouse by placing, stretching, turning partitions as he pleases.
    It is also possible for him to position the inner and outer doors. The customer chooses his different window frames (type, height, width by stretching them with the mouse). A library of furniture is also at his disposal and he can visualize his interior.
    After adjusting the heights and alignments of the chassis on the different facades, the configurator will display the house in three dimensions. The customer finally defines the external appearance of the latter by choosing the type of siding, the colors of frame and the color of the frames.
    To make his home even more unique and personal, a rich list of options is also available to the customer.
    It only remains for him to save or print his plans and detailed estimate. It can save as many projects as it wishes, and edit and modify past projects: all the tests will be saved in the personal space. If the desire to build the house is serious, the client freely chooses an architect. The latter will automatically receive, thanks to a clever system of shared folders, a copy of the different projects of the client. The client can contact the architect and entrust him with the mission to study and improve the design of his home. His architect will then ensure the transition of the project to reality: the implementation of the building, the introduction of planning permission, the contract with the builder, the study and the realization of foundations, and finally the follow up to its term of the construction of the house.
    [0039] FIG. 1 represents, by way of example, a perspective view of a three-dimensional module single-stage bathroom placed above a three-dimensional module single floor of technical room.
    [0040] FIG. 2 is an example of a three-dimensional module two-stage toilet comprising a technical box portion for the passage of water pipes, heating, discharges, ventilation ducts and electricity between floors. Indeed, the WC part does not take up all the space. The back of the module can be left free to place all ducts and pipes to go from one floor to another. The double WC module is useful for vertical technical connections. Note that the width of such a module may be about 115 to 127.5 cm, preferably 125 cm. Two stacked single-stage modules can replace the two-stage module.
    [0041] FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional staircase staircase module usable in the context of the present invention. Even if the stairwell is not very technical, it is often complex, is based on real measurements on the building site, is "made to measure" and therefore expensive. The three-dimensional module according to the invention allows a well thought out functional solution, a production repeatability and an interesting cost reduction.
    [0042] FIG. 4 shows seven examples of three-dimensional single-stage bathroom modules with different interior arrangements. The bathroom has almost all the technical equipment: water, electricity, sanitary, ventilation, heating. The prefabrication in three-dimensional module allows to integrate all these elements before the transport towards the building site. The finishes (tiling, painting, furniture, electricity, lighting, ...) can also be done in the factory.
    [0043] FIG. Figure 5 shows six examples of three-dimensional single-stage kitchen modules with different configurations. The kitchen is also a lot of technical elements. It integrates electricity, ventilation, water supply and landfills. The three-dimensional module again allows a large number of different finishes.
    [0044] FIG. 6 shows an example of sanitary WC module (single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey) with "box" for technical passage between levels.
    [0045] FIG. 7 shows an example of a technical room / laundry room. Technical room and laundry room can be two separate modules or a single module. The technical equipment generally integrated are: mechanical ventilation unit, domestic hot water tank (DHW), heat pump or other heating system. For the laundry: washing machine, dryer.
    The ventilation ducts and / or their preparation (fasteners) may already be placed from the VMC group to one of the walls. It will only remain to connect these sheaths between the different modules on the site. This can possibly be done via a false ceiling.
    FIG. 8 shows examples of three-dimensional modules classified according to their size. The three-dimensional modules preferably have multiple dimensions of 1.25 m, preferably with a dimension of 2.50 m which is the maximum width to avoid transport by exceptional convoy. They can be divided into sizes S, M, L. Options O concern for example a car-port, a pergola, a garage, caps or trellis, ... The arrows represent the places likely to receive a door, on different faces of three-dimensional modules.
    [0048] FIG. 9 shows an example of a two-storey house design.
    [0049] FIG. 10 shows the different possibilities of mounting the three-dimensional modules from the point of view of stability and self-lift. A module of the stage must be positioned in such a way that its load must be taken up either by the structure of an outer wall, or by at least one side of one or more three-dimensional module (s) placed (s) ) below the ground floor, either by the combination of the two. If necessary, a column must be added.
    [0050] FIG. It has two CAD drawings with the different three-dimensional modules and two-dimensional walls that make up the ground floor and the floor of the house. Legend: 1 Ground floor 2 Staircase module 3 Two-dimensional exterior wall module (Exterior envelope) 4 Two-dimensional interior partition module 5 Optional dressing module 6 Two-stage WC module or two single-stage WC modules stacked 7 Kitchen module
    8 SDB module 9 Technical room module 10 Floor 11 Floor
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    A method of designing and constructing a dwelling of at least two floors comprising positioning and assembling modules on foundations, characterized in that the modules are selected from at least one three-dimensional module -stage or multi-storey of stairwell or two-storey or multi-storey elevator, at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey of sanitary premises and at least one three-dimensional single-storey module, two-stage or multi-storey technical room, • a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from external walls, interior partitions, floors and roof elements, each of the three-dimensional modules being prefabricated at the factory and being sufficiently rigid to be able to be manipulated and transported without damaging the integrated equipment and finishes, the two-dimensional modules preferably being prefabricated as well. e.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein each of the three-dimensional modules has as at least one of its dimensions a dimension which is at most 255 cm, preferably between 115 and 127.5 cm or between 230 and 255 cm.
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the design phase is computer-assisted, in particular by a configuration software for arranging the two- and three-dimensional modules in the space.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the foundations include the superficial, semi-deep and deep foundations, the raft or the upper slab of a cellar or a crawl space or a floor wooden directly on the studs.
    [5]
    5. Construction kit for the construction of a dwelling containing at least two storeys, comprising at least one three-dimensional, single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey stairwell or two-storey or multi-storey module elevator, at least one three-dimensional single-storey module, two-storey or multi-storey sanitary room and at least one three-dimensional single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey technical room module, each of the three-dimensional modules being prefabricated in the factory and being rigid enough to handle and transport without damaging the built-in equipment and finishes.
    [6]
    6. Building kit according to claim 5, comprising at least four different three-dimensional modules, namely a staircase or elevator module module, a bathroom module, a laundry module and a WC module.
    [7]
    7. Construction kit according to any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein each of the three-dimensional modules has as at least one of its dimensions a dimension which is at most 255 cm, preferably between 115 and 127.5 cm or between 230 and 255 cm.
    [8]
    The building kit of any one of claims 5, 6 or 7, further comprising a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from exterior walls, interior partitions, floors and roof elements, the two-dimensional modules being preferably also prefabricated in the factory.
    [9]
    9. Construction kit according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of two-dimensional modules comprises outer walls with a thermal insulation and an outer facing, preferably wood, plaster, facade cladding panels, cladding, stone or brick.
    [10]
    A computer-readable, non-transitory storage medium having, stored therein, data representing instructions executable by a processor programmed for the design and display of an at least two-story dwelling comprising the positioning and the assembly of modules on foundations, characterized in that the modules are chosen from • at least one three-dimensional module single-stage, two-storey or multistage staircase or two-storey or multi-stage elevator, at less a three-dimensional single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey module of a sanitary room and at least a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey module of a storage room, a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from outside walls, partitions interior, floors and roof elements, each of the three-dimensional modules being prefabricated at the factory and being rigid enough to handle and transported without damaging the integrated equipment and finishes, the two-dimensional modules preferably being prefabricated in the factory.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2918743A1|2015-09-16|
    BE1022745A1|2016-08-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3855743A|1970-10-15|1974-12-24|A Wokas|Building construction|
    PL366271A1|2004-03-15|2005-09-19|Grzegorz Olesch|Method for construction of mobile module building as well as mobile module building|
    WO2013110617A1|2012-01-23|2013-08-01|Inter Hospitality Holding B.V.|Prefabricated module for a building|
    法律状态:
    2019-12-05| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20190331 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    LU92398|2014-03-12|
    LU92398|2014-03-12|
    LU92490A|LU92490B1|2014-06-30|2014-06-30|HOUSING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS|
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