• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an energy storage in the soil, which is designed as a latent heat storage; the storage medium is water. The storage medium is located in the pore space of a storage body, which predominantly assumes a mechanical support function. The storage body is delimited by a waterproof film against the soil. Above the storage body is an drainage body, which ensures the defined discharge of leachate and in the course of the freezing process from the storage body displaced storage water. Both the drain and the storage body have a defined hydraulic conductivity. An embedded in the storage body tube heat exchanger is designed so that the heat is removed evenly from the entire storage body, so that excess water can escape defined from the latter.
    公开号:AT515251A1
    申请号:T6/2014
    申请日:2014-01-07
    公开日:2015-07-15
    发明作者:Josef Dipl Ing Dr Techn Masswohl；Gerd Dipl Ing Fh Wagner；August Kerschberger
    申请人:Josef Dipl Ing Dr Techn Masswohl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Underground latent heat storage with drainage body
    Background and field of the invention
    The invention relates to an underground latent heat storage with drainage body according to the independent claims.
    Previous state of the art
    In the published patent application DE 199 29 692 Al an energy storage is proposed, which is designed as a heat storage in the ground. The charge of the memory takes place when temporary or seasonal heat surpluses occur, for example in the form of solar heat or waste heat from internal combustion engines. The storage medium is separated by a flameproof insulation and a seal from the surrounding soil, and the storage medium (or a storage medium receiving supporting body) takes a support function against lateral earth pressure and vertical loads true. Due to the supporting effect of the storage medium eliminates the costly construction of storage tanks. The storage medium may consist of the excavated soil itself; the disadvantage of the low storage capacity of the soil is compensated by the cost-effective design. The input and output of heat energy is preferably carried out by spiral tube heat exchanger.
    In contrast to the energy storage device (1) according to the invention proposed in DE 199 29 692 Al energy storage is designed for a heat consumer directly usable temperature level; the latent heat of the storage medium water during the phase transition liquid / solid is not used. This requires insulation of the storage medium relative to the soil. On the other hand, no measures to compensate for effects associated with the volume expansion of the water
    Freezing go along, necessary. The energy storage device according to the invention does not provide any thermal insulation with respect to the ground in contrast to the described energy storage, but on the contrary is designed so that a high heat transfer is possible; Thus, the surrounding soil can be used in times of high power requirements as an additional energy storage.
    For decades, the prior art also includes so-called gravel / water storage, which are practically identical in construction and function with the proposed in DE 199 29 692 Al energy storage. As insulating material, for example, extruded polystyrene, foam glass or expanded glass granules is used; the seal is preferably realized by a HDPE film.
    In the published patent application DE 43 41 658 A1, a method for producing a "heat-insulating casing" is disclosed. proposed between an energy storage for heating or cooling energy and the surrounding soil. In this case, a heat-insulating sealant is introduced into loose rock, creating a shell that isolates the energy storage and also seals it against the surrounding soil. The support body of the energy storage again as a loose rock, as a storage medium water is proposed. As a sealant, a mixture of Montanwachsemulsion, additives (filter ash, granulated slag or diatomaceous earth) and additives (lecithin or oleic acid) is proposed. On the one hand a good thermal insulation is achieved by this mixture of substances, on the other hand it is well "injectable" into the loose rock.
    The published patent application DE 101 14 257 A1 proposes a method for operating a geothermal heat store, the storage body of which is divided into a core zone and an edge zone. The boundary zone surrounds the core zone, and in both zones are
    Geothermal probe probes inserted, the probes of the two zones are connected in parallel. The resulting energy storage can be loaded / unloaded separately from each other. For example, the heat energy obtained via thermal solar collectors is stored in the core zone. On the one hand, the resulting high temperature level in the core zone can be used for direct operation of a heater; On the other hand, the energy that flows due to the unavoidable heat conduction into the edge zone, can later be brought back to a corresponding temperature level via a heat pump. In the core zone and the edge zone, therefore, different "heat energy potentials" are obtained. used, whereby an optimal storage and use of introduced amounts of thermal energy is possible.
    German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2004 052 447 A1 proposes an energy store which uses the latent heat energy of a storage medium. The storage medium, preferably water, is in a rigid housing, which in turn is embedded in the ground. The energy is withdrawn from the storage medium through heat exchanger tubes, the tubes being arranged so as to avoid an explosive effect on the housing by the freezing water. The heat exchanger tubes are designed to spiral / bifilar in superposed planes, the tubes in the central area closer together than in the center distant. As a result, more energy is withdrawn from the storage medium in the center than on the outside, whereby the formation of ice progresses from the inside to the outside and the expansion of the storage medium does not break the housing, but merely displaces the storage medium and lifts the liquid level in the storage. Furthermore, it is proposed that the tube stack has a hemisphere profile, in such a way that with increasing
    Distance from the bottom of the store, the number of turns decreases.
    This causes the storage medium in the lower area of the memory more energy is withdrawn, and so not only radially a direction of ice formation is given, but also axially, from top to bottom.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The present invention will now be described by way of preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawings.
    1 shows the energy store (1) according to the invention,
    2 shows a variant of the energy store (1) according to the invention, in which the water is discharged through a drainage pipe (10) from the drainage body (9),
    FIG. 3 shows a second variant of the energy store (1) according to the invention, in which vertical drainage pipes (12) are embedded in these to increase the hydraulic conductivity of the storage body (5).
    4 shows the integration of the energy store (1) into a heating / cooling system.
    Detailed description of the embodiments
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal and cross section of the energy storage device (1) according to the invention. It consists of a in the soil (8) located storage body (5), which is constructed of a porous material (3), wherein the pore space is filled to saturation with the storage medium water (2). The storage body (5) is surrounded by a watertight casing (4), so that the water (2) can not escape from the storage body (5). For the input and output of heat or cold energy heat exchanger tube (6) in the storage body (5) are embedded, the heat transfer via a liquid heat transfer medium (6a) (brine). The watertight casing (4) is preferably formed by a high-pressure polyethylene film (HDPE) with a material thickness of at least 1.0 millimeter, the tube heat exchanger (6) by commercially available HDPE pipes, the heat transfer medium (6a) by a glycol-water mixture ,
    The removal of heat takes place by means of a heat pump (18), whereby the latent heat of the water can be used: At the freezing point (0 ° C) large quantities of heat (about 333.5 kJ / kg) can be taken due to the phase transformation from water to ice. without the temperature dropping further. Conversely, in the regeneration again the same amount of heat can be introduced without the temperature rises. Thereby, the heat pump (18) can be operated at a relatively constant temperature level, which is always near the freezing point. Modern brine / water heat pumps achieve respectable working figures at this temperature level of the primary circuit. If the temperature deviation between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is, for example, 35 Kelvin, then work figures of about 5 can be achieved. This means that only 20 percent of the consumer (19) available amount of heat must be applied electrically. The operation of a heat pump under these conditions is very attractive, especially since temporary surpluses of electrical energy, especially from renewable energy sources, a meaningful use can be supplied, both in winter (heating) and in summer (cooling mode).
    A disadvantage of operating a heat pump at a primary temperature level around the freezing point is the anomaly of the storage medium water (2), which accounts for a volume expansion of about 9 percent in the phase transition of water on ice. Without appropriate countermeasures destructive forces come into play, for example
    Crack concrete container and tear metal or plastic container; The soil above so-called earth collectors is raised, which subsequently leads to the damage of sealed surfaces.
    The energy store (1) according to the invention solves this problem by the heat energy is uniformly removed from the storage body (5) by a first measure, and by a second measure, the water displaced in the course of ice formation is derived defined.
    The first measure consists in that the tube heat exchanger (6) consists of a plurality of fluidly connected individual circuits (7), wherein the tube of a single circle (7) is laid spirally in a horizontal layer (15), and the layers (15) are equally spaced in the vertical direction. In addition, the pipe turns (within a layer) in a first, lower layer of the brine distributor (13) run away and lead back to this in a second, upper layer. This results in a uniform heat removal from the entire storage body (5) or a temperature distribution which is approximately homogeneous both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction. This primarily prevents the storage medium (2) from freezing first in an upper layer and water from lower layers no longer being able to escape upwards in the course of further ice formation.
    The second measure concerns the defined discharge of the displaced water. For this purpose, both the storage body (5) and an overlying drainage body (9) have a defined good hydraulic conductivity. The drainage body (9) also extends in its horizontal extension beyond the storage body (5) and forms horizontal contact surfaces (14) with the surrounding soil (8). The displaced from the storage body (5) water and / or
    Leachate is discharged quickly through the drainage body (9) and at the contact surfaces (14) into the soil (8). Depending on the soil type of the surrounding soil, attention must be paid to a sufficiently large dimensioning of the contact surfaces (14) or a drainage of the surrounding soil (8) into consideration.
    With regard to the selection of materials for the construction of storage and the drainage body, the following considerations are preceded: The usable energy content of the energy storage device (1) according to the invention is mainly determined by the volume of the storage water (2) contained in it. The porous material of the storage body (5), such as gravel, mainly performs a mechanical support function.
    Although the heat capacity of the gravel is respectable at about 0.84 kJ / (kg K), it firstly does not reach that of water (4.18 kJ / (kg K)), and secondly, the gravel undergoes phase transition; In contrast, the enthalpy of fusion of 333.5 kJ / kg can be removed from the water in the temperature range from + 0 ° C to -0 ° C. For example, assuming storage temperatures in the range of + 10 ° C to -0 ° C, the gravel contains a usable amount of energy of 8.4 kJ / kg, while this value for water is 375.3 kJ / kg; The water exceeds the gravel in terms of the usable amount of energy in terms of mass so almost 45-fold and volume related still about 20 times! For an effective storage body (5) is thus a high water content or a large pore volume inevitable. The porosity or "absolute porosity" is defined as the quotient of the volume of all cavities of a rock body and its total volume. In addition, the "effective porosity" describes. the volume fraction in which water can move effectively. The difference results from the fact that water, which stores in closed or very small cavities or as holding water at the
    Rock surface is adhesively bonded, does not participate in the flow process. With decreasing grain, the grain surface per unit volume and thus also the proportion of adhesive water increases. The total pore volume is naturally in the finest-grained sediments (clay, silt, particle sizes below 0.063 millimeters, classification according to DIN 4022) greatest, the effective pore volume because of the large grain surface but the lowest. This achieves an optimum in the sands (particle sizes of 0.063 to 2 millimeters) and then decreases with increasing grain coarsening up to the gravels (particle sizes from 2 to 63 millimeters).
    In the selection of the material for the storage body (5), the goal of the largest possible total pore volume is counteracted by a decreasing hydraulic conductivity with decreasing particle sizes. If the hydraulic conductivity is too low, "excess water" arising during the freezing process can be removed. no longer or not be displaced in time. So there has to be a compromise. The need to establish lower grain size limits is known, for example, from road construction. Frost in cohesive soils causes capillary-attracted water to freeze and form ice crystals, which increase under pressure and displacement.
    After defrosting the ice and under load, the resulting cavities collapse. The foundations in road construction must therefore necessarily "frost resistant". be executed. Soils are classified in construction according to their frost sensitivity with the symbols Fl, F2 and F3. Fl means "not sensitive to frost", F2 "low to medium frost sensitive". and F3 "very frost sensitive". As "not sensitive to frost (Fl) " soils are (essentially) classified when the proportion of grain with a grain size smaller than 0.063 millimeters is less than 5
    Percent lies (compare ZTVE-StB 97, earthworks in road construction).
    In DIN 18196 (06/2006) floors are classified for construction purposes. The soils marked with the symbols GW, G, GE, SW, SI, SE are automatically considered "non-sensitive to frost (Fl)". These are closely graded sands or gravels (SE, GE) and intermittent to wide graded sand-gravel mixtures (SI, Gl, SW, GW). For a non-frost sensitive " Soil can be assumed to not change its mechanical properties when the water in it freezes and thaws again.
    In terms of pore volume, crushed sands / pebbles have a higher value than natural round sands / pebbles. The pore volume also increases when the grain sizes are statistically in a narrow range ("tight"). Small particles can then not disappear into the voids between the large particles and reduce the pore space.
    A quantification of the hydraulic conductivity of a soil is carried out by the so-called "permeability coefficient". (DIN 18130). His unit is meters per second (m / s), but it is not actual speed, but only an auxiliary size. Magnitudes for the permeability coefficients (K values) of different sentiments are: clays and slurries between 10-11 m / s and IO-5 m / s; Sands between 10-5 m / s (fine sand) and 10-3 m / s (coarse sand); Kiese between 10 ~ 3 m / s and 10_1 m / s. Soils with K values below 10 ~ 8 m / s are classified as "very weakly permeable". classified between 10 ~ 8 m / s and 10'6 m / s as "slightly permeable", between 10 "6 m / s and 10 ~ 4 m / s as" permeable ", between 10 ~ 4 m / s and 10 "2 m / s as" highly permeable " and above IO-2 m / s as "very permeable".
    The energy store (1) according to the invention is preferably designed such that both the drain body (9) and the storage body (5) are constructed from a narrow graded gravel (soil class "GE"). In this embodiment, the storage body (5) and the Drankörper (9), so to speak, seamlessly into one another. The storage body differs from the drain body (9) only in that its pore space contains water (2), while it is discharged from the drain body (9).
    The grits are especially at 4-8 millimeters or 2-4 millimeters. The pore volume reaches at least 40 percent in the case of a so-called "high grade chippings", but the mechanical stress of the
    Tube heat exchanger (6) and the shell (4) higher than a round grain or sand.
    Furthermore, the storage body (5) is preferably formed in a trench-shaped excavation, wherein the trench width is about one meter. This levy is easy to produce; In addition, a good heat transfer to the soil (8) is produced by the (with respect to the storage volume) large surface and thus allows the harvesting of the heat energy there.
    In order to prevent the flooding of fine-grained sediments from the soil (8) into the storage (5) and / or drain (9), the drain body (9) in the preferred embodiment of the energy store (1) according to the invention with a filter fleece (11 ) wrapped. Alternatively, storage and drainage bodies can be wrapped together with a filter fleece (11). When selecting the filter fleece (11), ensure filter stability.
    2 shows the schematic longitudinal section of a variant of the energy store (1) according to the invention. In this variant, the displaced water and / or leachate is discharged through a drain pipe (10) projecting into the drainage body (9).
    If the water rises within the drain body (9) to the level of the drainage pipe (10), it is rapidly outwardly through this, for example in an external sewage or
    Drainage system (16), derived. The rapid transport of the water to the drainage pipe (10) itself is ensured by the high hydraulic conductivity of the drainage body (9). In this variant, the drainage body (9) by the waterproof shell (4) against the soil (8) are sealed. In order to reduce the risk of flooding of fine-grained sediments in the drainage or storage body, it is also obvious, the drainage body (9) also upwards through the shell (4) from the soil (8) to demarcate. The easiest way to do this is to simply beat the film (4) over the latter after the introduction of the storage body (5) and the drain body (9).
    3 shows the schematic longitudinal and cross section of a further variant of the energy store (1) according to the invention. In it, the hydraulic conductivity of the storage body (5) is increased by vertical, in the drainage body (9) projecting drainage pipes (12). This allows the use of finer-grained sediments for the construction of the storage body (5). In sandy soils, the excavation or at least one processed form of the excavation can also be used to construct the storage body (5). If the permeability coefficient of the storage body (5) falls below a limit of IO-3 m / s, it makes sense to increase its hydraulic conductivity through the drainage pipes (12).
    4 shows the schematic integration of the energy storage device (1) according to the invention into a heating or cooling system. The energy store (1) is connected in the primary circuit of a heat pump (18). The heat pump (18) withdraws the energy storage (1) heat energy, raises the temperature level and provides the heat energy to
    Consumers (19) at the elevated temperature level available. The regeneration of the energy store (1) takes place through an air-brine heat exchanger (20), for example a so-called "energy fence". This consists of a large number of PE pipes connected in parallel, which extract heat from the air and transport it via a brine (6a) into the energy store (1). Via a switching valve (21), the air-brine heat exchanger (20) is switched into the primary circuit when the air temperature is above the temperature of the storage medium (2). The regeneration of the energy store (1) can also take place when the heat pump (18) is active. Is the heat pump (18) "reversible" executed, the energy storage (1) can also be used to absorb heat from the secondary circuit (cooling operation).
    Reference designation 1 Energy storage 2 Storage medium Water 3 Porous material 4 Waterproof casing 5 Storage body 6 Tube heat exchanger 6a Heat transfer medium (brine) 7 Single circuit 7a Single-circuit flow 7b Single-circuit return 7c Total flow 7d Total return 8 Soil 9 Drainage body 10 Drainage pipe 11 Filter fleece 12 Vertical drainage pipe 13 Brine spreader 14 Contact surface 15 Horizontal layer 16 Drainage system 17 End plug 18 Heat pump 19 Consumers 20 Air-brine heat exchanger 21 Change-over valve
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Energy storage (1) consisting of: a) in the soil (8) located storage body (5) constructed of porous material (3) whose pore space is filled to saturation with the storage medium water (2), and wherein a waterproof Case (4) the storage body (5) against the soil (8) seals, b) a tube heat exchanger (6) for input or output of heat energy, flows through a liquid heat transfer medium (6a) embedded in the storage body (5), c ) located above the storage body (5) drainage body (9), also consisting of a porous material (3), characterized: characterized in that the energy store (1) is designed as latent heat storage and the porous material (3) a permeability according to DIN 18130 of at least 10 "4 m / s for the storage body (5) and at least 10 ~ 3 m / s for the drain body (9).
    [2]
    2. Energy storage (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that for the construction of the storage body (5) and / or drainage body (9) a material of the soil classes "GE". according to DIN 18196 ("narrow gravel"), this preferably having a grain size of 4 to 8 millimeters or 2 to 4 millimeters.
    [3]
    3. energy storage device (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the tube heat exchanger (6) consists of a plurality of fluidly connected individual circuits (7), wherein the individual circuits (7) in mutually parallel, horizontal layers (15) are arranged.
    [4]
    4. energy store (1) according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a single circle (7) is laid spirally in a horizontal layer (15), wherein the pipe turns in a first, lower layer of the brine distributor (13) remove and in a second, upper layer back to this lead back.
    [5]
    5. energy storage device (1) according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drainage body (9) at least one point forms a horizontal contact surface (14) with the soil (8), and from the storage body (5) displaced water and / or leachate is discharged at these locations into the soil (8).
    [6]
    6. Energy storage (1) according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that from the storage body (5) displaced water and / or leachate via a in the drainage body (9) projecting drainage pipe (10) is discharged to the outside.
    [7]
    7. energy storage device (1) according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of vertical, in the drainage body (9) projecting drainage pipes (12) are embedded in the storage body (5).
    [8]
    8. Energy store (1) according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drain body (9) and / or the storage body (5) and / or the storage body (5) together with the drain body (9) and / or a vertical Drainage pipe (12) and / or a drainage pipe (10) with a filter fleece (11) are enveloped.
    [9]
    9. energy storage device (1) according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the storage body (5) is formed in a trench-shaped excavation, wherein the trench width is about one meter.
    [10]
    10. Energy store (1) according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is carried out under a sealed surface.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT515251B1|2015-08-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2729635A1|1977-06-30|1979-01-11|Anders Daniel Backlund|Building heating and air conditioning system - has heat exchanger in insulation lagging and heat storage connected with pump|
    GB2143316A|1983-06-18|1985-02-06|Hawker Siddeley Power Engineer|Method and means for heat storage|
    DE102010033571A1|2010-08-06|2012-02-09|Enolcon Gmbh|High-temperature heat storage for solar thermal power plants|DE102017112407A1|2017-06-06|2018-12-06|Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg|Latent heat storage system with a latent heat storage and method for operating a latent heat storage system|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20190107 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA6/2014A|AT515251B1|2014-01-07|2014-01-07|Underground latent heat storage with drainage body|ATA6/2014A| AT515251B1|2014-01-07|2014-01-07|Underground latent heat storage with drainage body|
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