• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Oven for producing baked, preferably edible, products, wherein at least one formed as a radiant heater upper heater (9) and at least one formed as a radiant heater lower heater (10) are provided, in each of which a combustible mixture containing primary oxygen and a fuel is burned, said upper heating device (9) in the upper baking area (1b) and above the upper transport plane (2b) is arranged and for heating the baking mold (6) from above on the back surface (7) of the top plate assembly (4) is directed, and wherein the lower heating device in the lower baking area (1a) between the upper transport plane (2b) and the lower transport plane (2a) is arranged and for heating the baking mold (6) from above on the back surface (7) of the lower plate assembly (5) is directed.
    公开号:AT515106A4
    申请号:T310/2014
    申请日:2014-04-29
    公开日:2015-06-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Haas Food Equipment Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    oven
    The invention relates to an oven for producing baked, preferably edible, products, comprising: a baking chamber, with a lower baking area and an upper baking area arranged above the lower baking area, a baking tong chain running continuously along an upper transport level through the upper baking area and along one lower baking level is moved through the lower baking area and containing the open-close and zuklappbare baking tongs, wherein the baking tongs each comprise a top plate assembly and a lower plate assembly, between which in the closed position a baking mold for the baked products is formed, wherein the top plate assembly and the lower plate assembly respectively at their side facing away from the baking mold have a back surface, which are each connected via a heat-conducting and storing base body with the baking mold and wherein the baking tongs in the transition from the upper transport plane to the lower transport plane are reversed, so that the arranged in the upper transport plane above the lower plate assembly upper plate assembly is disposed in the lower transport plane below the lower plate assembly.
    Ovens for producing baked products, in particular ovens for the production of wafers are known in various embodiments.
    For example, ovens for the production of crispy brittle flat or hollow waffles are known in which a wafer dough is baked in up and zuklappbaren and lockable baking tongs under high pressure. These waffles have a crispy and / or brittle consistency and are known, for example, as cream-filled waffle slices with multi-layered layers of cream and wafers.
    Furthermore, ovens for the production of soft wafers are known in which a waffle dough is baked in an open and zuklappbaren Waffelzange substantially unpressurized.
    For the industrial production of wafers, in particular for the in-line production of such baked products, ovens are known in which the baking tongs for baking the products along the course of a baking tongs chain are passed through several oven parts. The baking tongs chain corresponds to an endless conveyor on which several baking tongs are attached. The baking tongs chain is moved with the baking tongs through a front oven part, in which the baking tongs are opened, the most liquid dough or baking compound is applied to the baking tongs and subsequently the baking tongs is closed again. When the baking tongs are closed, a baking pan is formed between the two baking plates. In this baking pan is the dough or baking mass. Subsequently, the baking tongs along the baking tong chain through the heated oven is transported. Then, preferably in the front oven part, the baking tongs are opened again and the finished baked product removed. The term baking tongs chain is a term commonly used by the person skilled in the art.
    The heating of the oven is done according to the prior art via gas burners.
    In these burners, a mixture of air and a fuel, preferably a gaseous fuel such as natural gas, etc. burned. The combustion takes place in a flame emerging from the burner. Furthermore, in addition to the primary air, which is used for direct combustion of the combustion mixture, secondary air is conveyed through the oven. This secondary air is sucked in particular by convection from the environment. In particular, conventional ovens are open at their bottom to best pass through the secondary air. In the upper part of the oven, a vent for discharging the combustion gases is provided.
    A disadvantage of known ovens is that the efficiency, in particular the efficient use of the fuel is not given.
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide an oven that has over conventional ovens improved efficiency. The improvement in efficiency preferably includes several measures. These measures together have a synergistic effect, which is particularly improved efficiency. However, every single measure will improve efficiency. The subtasks of the object according to the invention are: that a complete, clean and in particular pollution-free combustion of the fuel takes place, that the energy generated during combustion, in particular the heat emitted, is utilized in the best possible way, that incineration waste is not co-incinerated during combustion, Thus, for example, in the burning of fats or oils, other pollutants are generated, - that the combustion chamber is cooled by entering media as little as possible, - that the infusion area, in which the dough is introduced into the baking tongs, kept cool relative to the oven can be - and that the oven is kept compact and insulated as possible, so that the heat loss is reduced. - Improved controllability and controllability of the heater - Improved temperature distribution of the baking plates
    The object of the invention is achieved in particular by the features of the independent claims.
    When increasing efficiency, particular care is taken to ensure that the heating device operates essentially free of pollutants and that the heat given off is used in the best possible way.
    By providing a radiant heater in which a premixed fuel mixture is burned, it is prevented that fluctuations of the proportions of the fuel mixture, NOx, especially thermal NOx, or unburned hydrocarbons are discharged as exhaust gas. Furthermore, the more efficient combustion process also reduces carbon monoxide emission.
    The overhead arrangement of the heaters prevents combustion chamber waste such as dough residues, fats, oils reach the heater and are burned there. This avoids those exhaust gases that are produced by combustion of the backspace waste.
    The provision of radiant heaters also prevents fuel, especially hydrocarbons, from being released unburned to the environment.
    By using radiant heaters, in which a premixed fuel mixture of primary air and fuel is burned, the baking chamber can be formed substantially closed. As a result, the heat insulation of the baking chamber can be made substantially closed. This also has the effect that the heat produced during combustion can be kept longer in the oven, whereby the efficiency is improved. Furthermore, in the case of a substantially closed baking space, no ambient air, in particular no secondary air from the environment, can enter the baking space, which would further cool the baking space. Secondary-air-free operation is not possible with conventional burners.
    Due to the substantially closed design of the baking chamber, the convection energy of the rising, hot combustion gas can also be better utilized, since a substantially closed convection-channel system is formed. By arranging further convection elements, in particular between the upper baking area and the lower baking area, the ascending, hot combustion gas can optionally be conveyed in the horizontal direction through the baking space, whereby the heat of this gas can be better delivered to the baking tongs and / or to the baking chamber , This Konvektionsleitelemente can be arranged, for example, slanted lamellar. This makes it possible that backburner waste from the upper baking area through the
    Convection can fall through elements. The entire baking space waste collects in the lower area of the oven and can be easily removed afterwards. This prevents this baking space waste from being burned in the hot baking space - which further improves efficiency.
    A further advantage of the arrangement according to the invention of the radiation heating devices is that they can be controlled and / or regulated separately from one another. The fuel mixture is passed to the radiant heaters via a delivery device, in particular a fan. By controlling or controlling the mass flow of the fuel mixture, each radiant heater can be individually controlled, in particular independently of the other radiant heaters. This further improves efficiency.
    The oven according to the invention comprises a baking tong chain. The term "baking tong chain" is a term commonly used in the art for an endless conveyor on which baking tongs are fixed or installed. The baking tongs are lined up in the transport direction, creating a chain-like structure. Optionally, the endless conveyor is also composed of chain links. However, the term "baking tongs chain" is by no means limited to a chain in the conventional sense, nor does the tongs chain need to comprise a conventional chain.
    The oven according to the invention is an oven for the industrial production of bakery products, in particular waffles. Such ovens have an elongated machine frame, which has dimensions of 10 meters, 20 meters or more in the conveying direction of the baking tongs.
    The invention particularly relates to an oven for producing baked, preferably edible, products, comprising: a baking chamber, with a lower baking area and an upper baking area arranged above the lower baking area, a baking tong chain running continuously along an upper transport level through the upper baking area and along a lower transport plane is moved through the lower baking area, and the up and zuklappbare baking tongs, wherein the baking tongs each comprise a Oberplattenanordnuna and a lower plate assembly, between which in the closed position a baking mold for the baked products is formed, wherein the top plate assembly and the lower plate assembly respectively have on their side facing away from the baking mold a back surface, which are each connected via a heat-conducting and storing base body with the baking mold, and wherein the baking tongs in the transition from the upper transport plane to the lower Transport level are reversed, so that arranged in the upper transport plane above the lower plate assembly top plate assembly is disposed in the lower transport plane below the lower plate assembly, which is optionally provided that at least one formed as a radiant heater upper heater and at least one designed as a radiant heater lower heating device are provided in each of which a combustion mixture containing primary oxygen and a fuel is burned, that the upper heater is arranged in the upper baking area and above the upper transport plane and is directed to heat the baking mold from above the back surface of the top plate assembly, and that the lower heater in the lower baking area between the upper transport plane and the lower transport plane is arranged and is directed for heating the baking mold from above on the back surface of the lower plate assembly ,
    Optionally, it is provided that the heaters each have a porous body on its underside, in which and / or at the surface of the combustion mixture is burned and is preferably burned substantially free of flames.
    Optionally, it is provided that the porous body is or contains a metal mesh, a wire mesh or a metal mesh.
    Optionally, it is provided that a conveying device, such as in particular a fan for supplying the combustion mixture to a heating device is provided and that via control and / or regulation of the conveying device, the heating power of the heater is variable, and / or that the upper heating device with an upper conveyor and the lower heating device is connected to a lower conveying device, so that the heating powers of the upper heating device and the lower heating device are separately variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable.
    Optionally, it is provided that the baking chamber with the exception of the following openings is formed substantially closed: a vent for discharging the combustion gases from the baking chamber, one or more feed openings for the fuel mixture, in particular for the primary oxygen and the fuel, an inlet opening for the baking tong chain and a Outlet opening for the baking tongs chain, optionally an inlet opening to improve the convection flow by supplying air or recirculated combustion chamber gas into the oven, so that ambient air, especially secondary air does not or only in small quantities in the oven.
    Optionally, it is provided that between the lower baking area and the upper baking area a Konvektionsleitelement is provided, is deflected by the hot, rising backspace gas of the lower baking area in the horizontal direction and directed in sections through the oven.
    Optionally, it is provided that the Konvektionsleitelement is formed as an arrangement of several slanted lamellae whose fins extend transversely to the direction of the baking tong chain through the baking chamber between the lower baking area and the upper baking area, so that baking space between the fins can fall through the Konvektionsleitelement, or that Konvektionsleitelement is designed as a horizontally extending plate body which extends between the lower baking area and the upper baking area through the baking chamber, wherein the plate body optionally has openings.
    If appropriate, it is provided that a plurality of upper heaters and / or a plurality of lower heaters are provided, and / or that the heating powers of the upper heaters and the lower heaters are separately variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable, or that the heating powers of two upper heaters separately are mutually variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable or that the heating powers of two lower heating devices are separately variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable
    Optionally, it is provided that the exhaust opening along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung of the baking chamber gas is arranged away from the heaters, so that the hot rising baking chamber gas is passed in a horizontal direction through the baking chamber before it exits through the exhaust port.
    Optionally, it is provided that an upper heating device and a lower heating device are provided in the area of the rear deflection point of the baking tong chain and / or immediately before and after the rear deflection point of the baking tong chain, and / or that the exhaust opening along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung of the baking space gas away from the heaters preferred near the partition, is arranged.
    Optionally, it is provided that a front oven part is provided, in which the baking tongs are guided and deflected from the lower transport plane in the upper transport plane that in the front oven part, in particular along the upper transport plane, means for opening the baking tongs, an output station, a loading station and a device for closing the baking tongs in the running direction of the baking tongs are arranged one behind the other, and that the front oven part is separated by a partition from the baking chamber, wherein in the partition wall, an inlet opening for the baking tong chain and an outlet opening for the baking tongs chain are provided.
    Optionally, it is provided that the walls of the baking chamber are completely or partially provided with a thermal insulation.
    Optionally, it is provided that the baking chamber is closed on its underside and is provided on its underside with a heat insulation, and that the baking chamber optionally has an opening at the bottom, said opening occupies less than ten percent of the surface of the closed bottom of the oven.
    Optionally, it is provided that the baking chamber comprises a heating zone in which at least one heating device is provided and in which the baking tongs are heated by direct action of the heat radiation of the heating device.
    Optionally, it is provided that the baking space comprises a radiation-heating-free zone, in which along the upper transport plane and / or along the lower transport plane no direct heating of the baking tongs by the radiation of the heater is provided and in which the baking tongs optionally by the action of the convection in Konvektionsströmungsrichtung moving hot combustion gas to be heated.
    Optionally, it is provided that the exhaust opening is provided in a radiant heating zone of the oven.
    Optionally, it is provided that a sensor for controlling the heating device, in particular for controlling the heating power of the heating device is provided, which is preferably designed as a non-contact temperature sensor.
    Optionally, it is provided that an inlet opening for supplying air or recirculated combustion chamber gas is provided in the baking chamber, which is provided in particular in the baking chamber along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung of the baking chamber gas away from the exhaust opening and is optionally provided in the region of the rear deflection point of the oven, so to improve the convection flow controlled air or recirculated combustion gas is introduced into the baking chamber, wherein the air is preferably preheated to prevent cooling of the baking chamber, and wherein the surface of the inlet opening preferably occupies less than ten, twenty or thirty percent of the baking space bounding surface.
    Optionally, it is provided that in all embodiments in the combustion chamber, an opening for assisting the convection is provided, wherein ambient air or recirculated combustion chamber gas is introduced into the combustion chamber through this opening.
    Optionally, no convection element is provided. The hot combustion gas is preferably deflected laterally by the combustion chamber in this case. In particular, the hot combustion chamber gas is prevented by the arrangement of the heaters, the vent and optionally through a further opening to improve the convection of the shortest way to leave the oven through the exhaust port. By diverting the convection flow direction, the hot combustion gas is kept longer in the combustion chamber, whereby the heat transfer and the heat transfer of this gas to the baking tongs are improved and more efficient use of the heating energy is effected.
    Optionally, heating devices designed exclusively as radiant heating devices are provided in all embodiments, in which case the combustion preferably takes place essentially free of flames.
    Subsequently, the invention will be further described with reference to figures.
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a baking oven according to the invention.
    Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the oven according to the invention.
    3 shows a schematic representation of the gas guide in the embodiment of the furnace according to FIG. 2.
    FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show different possibilities for influencing the heat transfer.
    5 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a baking oven according to the invention.
    Fig. 6 shows a further schematic representation of an embodiment of the oven according to the invention.
    Fig. 7 shows a further schematic representation of an embodiment of the oven according to the invention.
    Figures 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d show different arrangements of the elements of the heating device along the baking chamber.
    Fig. 1 shows an oven according to the invention with a baking chamber 1, a lower baking area 1a and an upper baking area 1b. The baking tong chain 2 extends along a lower transport plane 2a and along an upper transport plane 2b through the baking chamber 1. The baking tong chain is an embodiment of an endless conveyor. At this succession in the transport direction, similar to a chain, several baking tongs 3 are arranged. Preferably, baking tongs 3 are arranged one after the other along the entire course of the baking tongs chain.
    The baking tong chain with its baking tongs 3 extends through the baking chamber 1 and through the front oven part 19. In this front oven part 19 is a device 20 for unfolding the baking tongs 3, a dispensing station 21 for removing the baked bodies, a loading station 22 for applying the dough or the dough and a device 23 for closing the baking tongs 3 are arranged. The front furnace part is separated according to a preferred embodiment by a partition wall 24 from the baking chamber 1 substantially.
    The baking tongs 3 comprise a top plate assembly 4 and a bottom plate assembly 5. The top plate assembly 4 is so connected to the bottom plate assembly 5, so that the baking tongs can be opened. In the closed state, a baking mold 6 is formed between the two plate assemblies 4 and 5, in which the dough or baking compound can be baked. The baking tongs are closed over a large part of the transport of the baking tongs along the baking tongs chain. The baking tongs each have a back surface 7 on their outer surfaces, in particular on the upper or on the lower outer surface. These outer back surfaces 7 are connected to the inner surfaces, in particular to the baking mold 6. The connection is made via a base body 8, which is adapted to conduct heat and store heat. The base body 8 may be formed, for example, as a baking plate made of metal, in particular of steel. This formed as a baking plate base body has on its one side a relief-like structure through which at least one half of the baking mold is formed. On the other side, in particular on the back surface 7, the baking plate can be made flat or ribbed.
    Optionally, the base body or bodies 8 are or are formed in several parts. For example, a frame construction can be provided, in which a BackDlatte is held. Basically, the base body 8, which may be made of one or more parts, has properties that allow storage and conduction of heat from the back surface 7 to the baking mold 6.
    The baking tong chain 2 is deflected at a rear deflection point 18. This deflection point is designed for example as a deflection roller. In this area, the baking tongs are transported from the upper transport plane 2b in the lower transport plane 2a. In this deflection, the baking tongs are carried along with the endless conveyor and thus reversed according to a preferred embodiment. The top plate assembly 4 lying in the upper back region 1b is thus located in the lower baking region 1a on the underside of the baking tongs.
    In the front furnace part 19, a further deflection point is provided at which the baking tongs are conveyed from the lower baking region 1a or from the lower transport plane 2a back into the upper transport plane 2b or into the upper baking region 1b. Also with this deflection, the baking tongs are turned over.
    Furthermore, the device according to the invention preferably comprises a control unit 28. This control unit is suitable and / or adapted to control different parameters of the oven. In particular, this relates to the drive of the baking tong chain, the drive of other components such as the feed station, the output station, optionally the means for closing the baking tongs, optionally the means for opening the baking tongs and / or the control of the heating of the oven. Preferably, at least one sensor 29 is provided. This sensor may be, for example, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and / or a motion sensor. To control the heating power, a temperature sensor can be used.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the underside 26 of the baking chamber is designed substantially closed. Preferably, the entire baking chamber 1 is provided with a heat insulation 25, so that the heat losses are reduced.
    In Fig. 1, the arrangement of the heating devices and the convection element is not shown for reasons of clarity.
    FIG. 2 shows a first possible configuration of a baking oven according to the invention in a schematic side view or in a schematic sectional illustration. The oven comprises a baking chamber 1 with a lower baking area 1a, an upper baking area 1b, a baking tong chain 2 shown schematically, which is moved along a lower transport plane 2a and along an upper transport plane 2b through the baking chamber. In this case, the baking tong chain 2 is designed essentially as a circulating endless conveyor. On this revolving endless conveyor baking tongs 3 are arranged, which are not shown for reasons of clarity in FIG. The baking tong chain 2 also extends through the front oven part 19, in which the components, not shown, dispensing station, loading station and devices for opening and closing the baking tongs are provided. The front furnace part 19 is preferably separated by a partition wall 24 from the baking chamber 1 substantially. The baking chamber 1 is designed to be substantially closed. In particular, it is essentially closed on its underside.
    Being substantially closed also means that relatively small openings may be present. These openings are caused, for example, by manufacturing tolerances, since a hermetic seal of the baking chamber such a large system would be possible only with great effort. Furthermore, the baking chamber 1 comprises a discharge opening 13 for the removal of the combustion gases. Further, the baking chamber 1, and in particular the partition wall 24 comprises an inlet opening 15 for the entry of the baking tongs chain. In addition, the baking chamber 1, and in particular the partition wall 24 comprises an outlet opening 16 for the outlet of the baking tong chain and the baking tongs.
    In the baking chamber 1, an upper heater 9 and a lower heater 10 are provided. The upper heating device 9 is directed from above onto the baking tongs of the baking tong chain 2. The upper heating device 9 is located in the upper baking area 1a and above the upper transport level 2b. The lower heating device 10 is arranged in the lower baking area 1a. Further, the lower heater 10 is disposed above the lower transport plane 2a. The lower heating device 10 is preferably arranged between the upper transport plane 2b and the lower transport plane 2a. The lower heating device 10 is directed essentially downwards, so that the heating device, which is preferably designed as a radiant heater, is directed onto the upwardly directed back surfaces 7 of the baking tongs. Also, the upper heater 9 is directed from above the baking tongs, so that the radiation acts on the upper back surface 7 of the baking tongs.
    Since the baking tongs are preferably rotated by 180 ° at the rear deflection point 18, a back surface 7 of the baking tongs is irradiated by the upper heating device 9 and the other, opposite back surface 7 of the baking tongs by the lower heating device 10.
    Preferably, the upper heater 9 can be controlled or regulated independently of the lower heater 10. In particular, the heating power is controlled or regulated, so that the recorded heat from the baking tongs can be changed and adjusted.
    The illustrated embodiment of the heaters 9, 10 is a schematic representation. One or more upper heating devices and / or one or more lower heating devices may be provided. These individual heaters may optionally be controlled or regulated separately. The control of the radiation intensity and the amount of heat emitted can be done for example by the flow rate control of a fan or a conveyor 12, whereby the introduced amount of fuel is changed. Furthermore, the amount of heat emitted to the baking tongs can also be changed by further control possibilities or control options, as will be further explained in the description of the figures of FIGS. 4a to 4d.
    In the baking chamber 1, at least one convection element 17 is preferably provided. This convection element 17 is arranged between the lower transport plane 2a and the upper transport plane 2b. By the convection element 17, the lower baking area 1a is separated from the upper baking area 1b. Preferably, the convection element 17 forms the boundary between lower baking area 1a and upper
    Baking area 1b. The convection element 17 may for example be formed as a continuous plate-shaped body which extends between the two baking areas 1a and 1b. The convection element 17 preferably extends parallel to the lower transport plane 2a and / or to the upper transport plane 2b. Preferably, it is laterally, optionally on both sides, attached to the machine frame and extends transversely to the transport direction 30 of the baking tongs from an inner side to the opposite inner side of the baking chamber. 1
    Optionally, the convection element 17 is not formed continuously, but has openings. For example, the convection element 17 is lamellar. In such a convection element a plurality of inclined, lamellar or plate-shaped Einzelkonvektionselemente are arranged between the lower baking area 1a and the upper baking area 1b, between which a distance is provided. Such a lamellar configuration has the advantage that baking space waste can fall through the convection element 17. Optionally, the convection element 17 can be omitted entirely.
    By the convection element 17 hot combustion gas gas is deflected laterally. In particular, the hot combustion chamber gas of the lower baking area 1a is prevented from leaving the baking space via the discharge opening 13 by the shortest route. By diverting the convection flow 27, the hot combustion gas is kept longer in the combustion chamber, whereby the heat transfer and the heat transfer of this gas to the baking tongs are improved and more efficient use of the heating energy is effected.
    Furthermore, a feed opening for fresh air is preferably provided. This is shown schematically in the present representation. In particular, a plurality of openings can also be provided: an opening, for example for the combustion air, in particular for the primary oxygen and one for the fuel, in particular for gaseous fuel such as natural gas. Preferably, an opening 14 for supplying fresh air is also provided. This serves, for example, to cool the front oven part of the baking machine and / or to generate a slight overpressure in the front oven part, so that the hot gas from the baking chamber does not flow into the front oven part. A feed opening for the fuel mixture can also in
    Be provided in the region of the baking chamber and in particular in the region of the rear deflection point.
    Furthermore, in all embodiments, an inlet opening at the rear deflection for supplying air, which may be preheated, may be provided. This serves on the one hand to avoid the formation of condensation during the heating phase and on the other hand to promote the convection in the direction of the exhaust port 13
    The primary oxygen is supplied, for example by sucking the ambient air from the production hall. Optionally, a fresh air supply from outside the production hall is provided. The fuel can be passed for example via a gas line in the oven according to the invention. Optionally, a mixing device for mixing the primary oxygen with the fuel is provided. This mixer can be outside the oven or inside the oven. Preferably, the mixer is controlled by a control unit, so that the composition of the fuel mixture can be changed. For example, this composition is regulated so that the oxygen content in the exhaust gas can be measured via a lambda probe. By controlling the air ratio, optimum combustion of the fuel can subsequently be effected. Optionally, the primary oxygen and / or the fuel is preheated prior to combustion. This preheating is done for example by carrying out the fuel mixture or its components through the oven and / or through the front oven part. According to a preferred embodiment, the fuel mixture and in particular the primary oxygen is passed through the front furnace part 19. There, the primary oxygen is preheated to effect more efficient combustion. Further, if necessary, by supplying cool air, the front furnace part 19 is cooled. The baking chamber 1, however, is separated by a partition wall 24 of the front oven part 19 substantially. This configuration of the supply and the mixture of the fuel mixture and in particular the primary oxygen and the fuel can be the same or similar in all embodiments as in Fig. 2.
    The heaters 9, 10 of all embodiments are, as also described above, preferably designed as radiant heaters. such
    Radiant heaters may be embodied, for example, as pore burners, metal fabric burners or similar burners. In this case, a premixed fuel mixture containing a fuel and primary oxygen is passed into the heater and burned there internally or on the surface of a porous body. The porous body is preferably designed as a metal mesh. This metal fabric comprises a porous structure of metal fibers having a relatively large surface area. At the surface and / or in the interspace of these metal fibers, the fuel mixture is burned. The heat is released to a large extent as radiant heat. In the arrangement according to the invention, this radiation is directed essentially downwards onto the back surfaces of the baking tongs. However, heat is also introduced via convection into the combustion chamber by the mass flow of the introduced fuel mixture. In particular, combustion gases are conducted through the porous body into the baking chamber. This hot combustion gas is, as described above, passed through the oven to deliver the heat optimally to the baking tongs can.
    The radiant heaters of all embodiments preferably comprise a mixing chamber into which the fuel mixture is introduced. This mixing chamber substantially corresponds to a cavity. This mixing chamber may, for example, be box-shaped and have a rectangular opening. In principle, however, any shape of an opening may be provided. The opening is preferably covered or closed with a porous body as described above. On the opposite side of the porous body, the mixing chamber has an opening for supplying the fuel mixture. Now, if the fuel mixture is introduced into the mixing chamber, the fuel mixture is distributed there and passed evenly into the porous body. Upon ignition of the radiant heater, combustion of the fuel mixture occurs in the interstices or at the surface of the porous body. This porous body is thus heated and gives off heat in the form of heat radiation.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the heating devices are preferably arranged in the region or immediately before and after the rear deflection point 18. The baking tongs are thus heated only in a portion of their way through the oven by the heaters. In order nevertheless to effect a uniform baking of the baked products to be formed, the baking tongs have a base body 8. This base body 8 may be made in one piece or in several parts. Has a heat storage capacity, so that the heat introduced by the heaters can be given over a long time to the baking mold 6. In this case, heat is also conducted from the back surface 7 into the baking mold.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the convection flow directions 27 or the guidance of the convection flow of the hot combustion gas. In particular, in the lower baking area 1a, the convection flow direction is guided laterally, so that the hot oven gas is longer in contact with the baking tongs.
    FIGS. 4 basically show two different possibilities of arranging the heating devices 9, 10. The heating devices preferably have an elongate, rectangular body of radiation formed as a porous body 11. The heaters 9, 10 can be arranged either transversely to the transport direction 30, as shown in the figures 4 below or along the transport direction 30 of the baking tongs, as shown in the figures 4 above.
    As shown in Fig. 4b, the location of the heaters can be changed to affect the heat transfer. Thus, the angle between the heaters and the transport direction 30 can be changed or made changeable.
    Further, as shown in Fig. 4c, the distance between the heater 9, 10 and the baking tongs 3 are changed.
    In Fig. 4d is shown schematically that individual heaters can be switched off or separated from each other to influence the amount of heat transferred.
    Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a baking oven according to the invention. The individual components of this embodiment essentially correspond to the components of the oven of FIG. 2. A baking tong chain 2 extends circumferentially along a lower transport plane 2a and an upper transport plane 2b through the baking chamber 1 and in particular through the lower baking region 1a and the upper baking region 1b , In addition, the baking tong chain, or their baking tongs is guided through the front oven part 19. Furthermore, the oven comprises an upper heating device 9 and a lower heating device 10. These heating devices 9, 10 are preferably designed as radiant heaters and act from above on the respective baking tongs arranged in the region of the heating devices. The front furnace part 19 is separated by a partition wall 24 from the baking chamber 1. Only openings to the inlet 15 and the outlet 16 of the baking tong chain are provided. The heaters 9, 10 are provided immediately before or immediately after the partition wall 24 according to this embodiment. Furthermore, the baking chamber 1 comprises a discharge opening 13. This discharge opening 13 is arranged along the convection flow direction 27 away from the heating devices 9, 10. In particular, the discharge opening in the transport direction 30 of the baking tongs on a distance. This distance causes the lateral deflection of the hot combustion gases through most of the furnace.
    Between the upper baking area 1b and the lower baking area 1a, a convection element 17 is provided. As in the previous embodiments, the convection element may be a continuous wall, plate-shaped or lamellar. Furthermore, the convection element could also be constructed in a grid-like manner in all embodiments. The baking chamber 1 is, as in the previous embodiments, substantially closed and, in particular, closed on its underside. By the convection element 17, the convection flow direction 27 is deflected laterally, so that the hot combustion gas is laterally directed at least partially horizontally or in a horizontal direction along the transport surfaces through the oven.
    FIG. 6 shows a further possible configuration of the oven according to the invention, in which a baking tongs chain 2 extends along a lower transport plane 2 a and an upper transport plane 2 b through a lower baking area 1 a and an upper baking area 1 b of the baking chamber 1. The individual components of this embodiment essentially correspond to the components of the oven from FIG. 2. A lower heating device 10 is provided in the baking chamber. In particular, the lower heating device 10 is provided in the lower baking area 1a. In the upper baking area 1b, the upper heater 9 is provided. Further, the baking chamber 1, as in the previous embodiments, opened by a vent opening 13. The upper heater 9 is spaced from the exhaust port 13, so that hot combustion gas of the upper heater 9 is laterally deflected transported through the baking chamber to be conveyed by natural or artificial convection along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung 27 and further through the exhaust port 13 from the baking chamber 1 , For this purpose, the upper heating device 9 is provided in the transport direction of the baking tongs in the region or directly after the partition wall 24 in this embodiment.
    The exhaust port 13 is disposed away from the partition wall 24. In particular, the discharge opening 13 is arranged in the region of the rear deflection point 18.
    The lower heater 10 is disposed away from the upper heater 9 along the convection flow direction or along the transport planes in this embodiment. Between the lower baking area 1a and the upper baking area 1b, a convection element 17 is provided according to the preceding description. This is designed in such a way that the convection flow direction 27 in the lower baking region 1a is deflected laterally along the transport plane. More specifically, in this configuration, the lower heater 10 is provided away from the partition wall 24. Particularly preferably, the lower heating device 10 is arranged in the region of the rear deflection point 18 or immediately thereafter. In this configuration, hot combustion gas gas is S-shaped through the baking chamber. For this purpose, the convection element 17 at a distance from the partition wall 24. As a result, an opening is formed through which the combustion chamber gas of the lower baking area 1a can flow into the upper baking area 1b.
    According to another, not shown embodiment, the baking chamber configuration of FIG. 6 is substantially mirrored, so that the discharge opening 13 is provided in the region of the partition wall 24. In this embodiment, the upper heating device 9 is arranged away from the draw-off opening 13, in particular directly in front of or in the region of the rear deflection point 18. The lower heating device 10 is remote, in particular arranged laterally along the transport plane away from the upper heating device 9. In turn, a convection element 17 is provided between the lower baking area and the upper baking area. This convection element 17 is arranged at a distance from the rear deflection point, so that an opening is formed in the region of the rear deflection point through which hot combustion gas can flow from the lower baking region 1a into the upper baking region 1b. Optionally, the convection element 17 is guided to the partition wall 24. As in all other embodiments, the convection element 17 may be a continuous plate, or composed of several, for example, partially open elements. Also in this embodiment, not shown, similar to Fig. 6, the hot combustion gas gas S-shaped passed through the combustion chamber.
    The device according to the invention, which is described in particular with reference to the preceding description and with reference to the preceding embodiments, preferably comprises a plurality of heating devices designed as radiation heaters. The radiation of these heaters is preferably directed substantially vertically downwards. However, an oblique orientation of the radiation can also correspond to the idea of the invention. Preferably, the radiant heaters down, so that backburner waste can not fall on the hot surface. The upper and lower transport surface of the baking tongs are substantially horizontal.
    The hot baking chamber gases are preferably conducted substantially horizontally or at least partially running parallel to the transport planes. In this case, the convection flow direction is guided at least obliquely so that the average direction of the convection flow deviates from a heating device to the exhaust opening from the vertical direction. By this at least partially horizontal guidance of the heat transfer between the hot combustion gas and the baking tongs is improved.
    Optionally, in all embodiments, the baking chamber may be only partially provided with heaters. As a result, at least one region of the baking chamber or a section of the transport planes 2a, 2b is substantially unheated or only indirectly heated. The baking chamber 1 comprises one or more heating zones 31, in which the baking tongs in the transport planes 2a, 2b directly by radiation of
    Heaters are heated or are. Furthermore, the baking chamber comprises one or more radiation-heating-free zone (s) 32 or baking zones, in which no direct radiation heating of the baking tongs in the transport planes 2 a, 2 b occurs by the radiation heating devices. In the or the radiation heat-free zone (s) 32, the baking tongs are still sufficiently tempered for a baking process. Thus, the baking tongs 3 or the base body 8 of the baking tongs 3 has a certain heat storage capacity. This is sufficient to keep the baking tongs also away from the heaters, in particular in the straightening heater-free zone 32, at a temperature sufficient for baking the baking mix or the dough.
    Furthermore, a convective heating of the baking tongs in the entire baking chamber and in particular in the radiation-heating-free zone 32 is given by the direction of the hot baking chamber gas along the transport planes. By these sections, direct heating of the baking tongs and the baking tong chain, the efficiency is further improved. The heating zones of both transport planes 2a, 2b can, as shown in FIG. 2, be provided in the area of the rear deflection point or just before and just after.
    The heating zones of both transport planes 2 a, 2 b can, as shown in FIG. 5, be provided in the baking chamber, in the region of the dividing wall 24.
    As shown in Fig. 6, two offset heating areas may also be provided. In the lower baking area 1a, the heating area can be arranged in the region of the rear deflection point or just after the rear deflection point. In the upper baking area 1 b, the heating device can be provided in the baking chamber in the vicinity of the dividing wall 24.
    Optionally, the following arrangements may be provided in all embodiments: Optionally, the discharge opening 13 is arranged away from the heating area. Optionally, the vent opening 13 is provided in a radiant heating zone. Optionally, the vent opening 13 is provided in a radiant heating zone of the oven. Optionally, the exhaust port 13 is provided at the top of the baking chamber, so that the hot combustion gas gas rises by natural convection to leave the baking chamber. Optionally, along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung 27, the heating zone 31 is arranged away from the exhaust port 13. Optionally, the extends
    Heating zone over a certain heating length along the course of the baking tong chain and in particular along the transport planes 2a and / or 2b. The heating length can vary depending on the product and version. For example, this heating length corresponds to about one quarter to one half of the length of the baking tong chain section located in the baking chamber and in particular the transport planes 2a, 2b. Optionally, the heating length corresponds to about one third of the length of the baking tong chain section located in the baking chamber and in particular the transport planes 2a, 2b.
    Optionally, the radiation-heating-free zone extends over a certain heating-free length along the course of the baking tong chain section located in the baking chamber and in particular along the transport planes 2a, 2b. This heat-free length may vary depending on the product and design. For example, this length corresponds to about three quarters to one half of the length of the baking tong chain section located in the baking chamber and in particular the transport planes 2a, 2b. Optionally, the heating length corresponds to about two-thirds of the length of the baking tong chain section located in the baking chamber and in particular the transport planes 2a, 2b. Optionally, the heating length extends over the entire length of the oven.
    Fig. 7 shows a further possibility of the embodiment of the oven and in particular of the oven 1. The elements of the oven of Fig. 7 correspond substantially to the previous elements and in particular the oven of FIG. 2. In addition, however, an inlet opening 33 is provided. This is preferably provided at the deflection point 18 or in the region of the rear deflection point 18 of the oven. By way of this inlet opening 33, for example, air or another medium can be introduced in a controlled manner into the baking chamber. This medium or the air is preferably preheated, for example, to prevent cooling of the oven. The inlet opening is provided in particular for the convection through which the hot combustion gas gas escapes through the outlet opening 13 to take place unhindered. In particular, by providing the inlet opening 33 and by supplying the medium through the inlet opening 33, the convection is improved.
    FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d show further schematic possibilities of the arrangement of the heating devices. In particular, these can be arranged offset or v-shaped along the baking chamber. Incidentally, the upper heaters and the lower heaters may have the same or different configurations. Also in the embodiments according to FIGS. 8a-8d, the individual heating devices may be designed to be movable, for example, in order to influence the heating power. Also by the change in the supplied fuel mass flow, the heat output of individual heaters or all heaters can be changed together.
    List of Reference Numbers Lower baking area 1 b. Upper baking area 2. baking tong chain 2a. Lower transport plane 2b. Upper transport plane 3. Baking tongs 4. Upper plate arrangement 5. Lower plate arrangement 6. Baking mold 7. Back surface 8. Base body 9. Upper heating device 10. Lower heating device 11. Porous body 12. Conveying device 13. Discharge opening 14. Feed opening 15. Inlet opening for the baking tong chain 16. Outlet opening for the baking tong chain 17. Convection element 18. Rear deflection point 19. Front furnace part 20. Device for unfolding the baking tongs 21. Dispensing station 22. Feeding station 23. Device for closing the baking tongs 24. T wall 25. Heat insulation 26. Bottom of the baking chamber 27. Convection flow direction 28 Control unit 29. Sensor 30. Transport direction of the baking tongs 31. Heating zone 32. Radiant heating-free zone 33. Inlet opening
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1. oven for producing baked, preferably edible, products, comprising: - a baking chamber (1), with a lower baking area (1a) and one above the lower baking area (1a) arranged upper baking area (1b), - a baking tong chain (2 ), which is continuously circulating along an upper transport plane (2b) through the upper baking area (1b) and along a lower transport plane (2a) by the lower baking area (1a) is moved, and the up and zuklappbare baking tongs (3), the baking tongs (3) each comprising a top plate assembly (4) and a bottom plate assembly (5) between which a baking mold (6) for the baked products is formed in the folded position, the top plate assembly (4) and the bottom plate assembly (5) respectively have on their side facing away from the baking mold (6) a back surface (7), each of which a heat-conducting and storing base body (8) are connected to the baking mold, - and wobe i the baking tongs (3) are turned over during the transition from the upper transport plane (2b) to the lower transport plane (2a), so that the upper plate arrangement (4) arranged in the upper transport plane (2b) above the lower plate arrangement (5) in the lower transport plane (FIG. 2a) is arranged below the lower plate arrangement (5), characterized in that - at least one upper heating device (9) designed as a radiation heating device and at least one lower heating device (10) designed as a radiation heating device are provided, in each of which a fuel mixture containing primary oxygen and a fuel is burned, - that the upper heating device (9) in the upper baking area (1b) and above the upper transport plane (2b) is arranged and for heating the baking mold (6) from above on the back surface (7) of the top plate assembly (4) is directed , - and that the lower heating device in the lower baking area (1a) between the upper Transportbenben e (2b) and the lower transport plane (2a) is arranged and for heating the baking mold (6) from above on the back surface (7) of the lower plate assembly (5) is directed.
    [2]
    2. Baking oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating devices (9,10) each have a porous body (11) on its underside, in which and / or on the surface of the fuel mixture is burned and is preferably burned substantially free of flames.
    [3]
    3. Baking oven according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous body is or contains a metal fabric, a wire mesh or a metal mesh.
    [4]
    4. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a conveying device (12), in particular a fan for supplying the combustion mixture to a heating device (9,10) is provided and that via control and / or regulation of the conveying device ( 12) the heating power of the heating device (9,10) is variable, that the upper heating device (9) with an upper conveyor (12) and the lower heater (10) with a lower conveyor (12) is connected, so that the heating power of the upper Heating device (9) and the lower heating device (10) are mutually variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable.
    [5]
    5. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the baking chamber with the exception of the following openings is substantially closed: - a discharge opening (13) for discharging the combustion gases from the baking chamber - one or more feed openings for the fuel mixture, in particular for the primary oxygen and the fuel, - an inlet opening (15) for the baking tongs chain and - an outlet opening (16) for the baking tong chain, optionally an inlet opening (33) for improving the convection flow by supplying air or recirculated combustion gas into the baking chamber (1 ), so that ambient air, especially secondary air is not or only in a small amount in the oven (1) passes.
    [6]
    6. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that between the lower baking area (1 a) and the upper baking area (1 b) a Konvektionsleitelement (17) is provided by the hot, rising backspace gas of the lower baking area (1 a) in deflected horizontally and in sections through the baking chamber (1) is passed.
    [7]
    7. Baking oven according to claim 6, characterized in that the Konvektionsleitelement (17) is formed as an arrangement of several slanted lamellae whose lamellae between the lower baking area (1 a) and the upper baking area (1 b) transversely to the direction of the baking tongs chain through the oven extend so that the baking space between the lamellae can fall through the Konvektionsleitelement (17), or that the Konvektionsleitelement (17) is designed as a horizontally extending plate body extending between the lower baking area (1a) and the upper baking area (1b) through the baking chamber wherein the plate body optionally has openings.
    [8]
    8. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of upper heaters (9) and / or a plurality of lower heaters (10) are provided, and that the heating powers of the upper heaters (9) and the lower heaters (10) are mutually variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable, or that the heating powers of two upper heating devices (9) are mutually variable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable or that the heating powers of two lower heating devices (10) separated from each other changeable, in particular separately controllable or separately controllable
    [9]
    9. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the discharge opening (13) along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung (27) of the baking chamber gas away from the heaters (9,10) is arranged, so that the hot rising baking chamber gas in the horizontal direction through the Baking chamber (1) is passed before it exits through the vent opening (13).
    [10]
    10. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an upper heating device and a lower heating device in the region of the rear deflection point (18) of the baking tong chain (2) and / or immediately before and after the rear deflection point (18) of the baking tong chain (2), and that the exhaust port (13) along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung (27) of the baking chamber gas away from the heating devices (9,10), preferably in the vicinity of the partition wall (24) is arranged.
    [11]
    11. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a front oven part (19) is provided, in which the baking tongs (3) from the lower transport plane (2a) in the upper transport plane (2b) are guided and deflected, in that in the front furnace part (19), in particular along the upper transport plane (2b), means (20) for unfolding the baking tongs (3), an output station (21), a loading station (22) and a device (23) for closing the baking tongs (3) in the running direction of the baking tongs (3) are arranged one behind the other, and that the front furnace part (19) by a partition (24) from the baking chamber (1) is separated, wherein in the partition wall (24) has an inlet opening (15) for the baking tong chain and an outlet opening (16) are provided for the baking tongs chain.
    [12]
    12. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the walls of the baking chamber (1) are completely or partially provided with a heat insulation (25).
    [13]
    13. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the baking chamber (1) on its underside (26) is closed and is provided on its underside with a thermal insulation, and that the baking chamber (1) optionally at the bottom of a Opening, said opening preferably occupies less than ten percent of the surface of the closed bottom of the oven.
    [14]
    14. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the baking chamber (1) comprises a heating zone (31), in which at least one heating device is provided and in which the baking tongs are heated by direct action of the heat radiation of the heater.
    [15]
    15. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the baking chamber (1) comprises a radiant heating zone (32), in the along the upper transport plane (2b) and / or along the lower transport plane (2a) no direct heating the baking tongs is provided by the radiation of the heating device and in which the baking tongs (3) are heated by the action of the convection heat of the hot combustion gas gas moving in convection flow direction (27).
    [16]
    16. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the draw-off opening (13) is provided in a radiant heating-free zone (32) of the baking chamber.
    [17]
    17. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a sensor (29) for controlling the heating device, in particular for controlling the heating power of the heating device is provided, which is preferably designed as a non-contact temperature sensor.
    [18]
    18. Baking oven according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that an inlet opening (33) for supplying air or recirculated combustion chamber gas is provided in the baking chamber, in particular in the baking chamber along the Konvektionsströmungsrichtung (27) of the baking chamber gas away from the exhaust port ( 13) is provided and is optionally provided in the region of the rear deflection point (18) of the oven, so that air or recirculated combustion chamber gas is introduced into the baking chamber to improve the convection flow, wherein the air is preferably preheated in order to prevent the baking space from cooling down, and wherein the surface of the inlet opening (33) preferably occupies less than ten percent of the baking space bounding surface. Vienna, on April 29, 2014

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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170105420A1|2017-04-20|
    EP3136866A1|2017-03-08|
    RU2016146566A3|2018-08-27|
    CN106455584A|2017-02-22|
    RU2016146566A|2018-05-29|
    US10524478B2|2020-01-07|
    EP3136866B1|2021-02-24|
    WO2015165868A1|2015-11-05|
    RU2701311C2|2019-09-25|
    CN106455584B|2020-05-08|
    AT515106B1|2015-06-15|
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    法律状态:
    2015-09-15| HA| Change or addition of new inventor|Inventor name: JOHANNES HAAS, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: JOSEF HAAS, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: KARL KNIRSCH, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: MARKUS BIBARIC, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: MARKUS SCHELLER, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: MICHAEL SCHUCK, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: PETER BUCZOLITS, AT Effective date: 20150715 Inventor name: STEFAN JIRASCHEK, AT Effective date: 20150715 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA310/2014A|AT515106B1|2014-04-29|2014-04-29|oven|ATA310/2014A| AT515106B1|2014-04-29|2014-04-29|oven|
    PCT/EP2015/059133| WO2015165868A1|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Baking oven|
    RU2016146566A| RU2701311C2|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Oven|
    US15/129,133| US10524478B2|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Baking oven|
    CN201580022942.2A| CN106455584B|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Baking oven|
    EP15721166.5A| EP3136866B1|2014-04-29|2015-04-28|Baking oven with baking moulds chain|
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