 Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight
专利摘要:
The invention relates to an optical structure (100) for a lighting device (1) of a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting device (1) is adapted to emit light, which light emitted by the lighting device (1) forms a predetermined light distribution (LV1) the optical structure (100) of the illumination device (1) is assigned in such a way or part of the illumination device (1) is that the optical structure (100) of substantially the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is irradiated, and wherein the unmodified light distribution (LV1) generated by the illumination device (1) is modified from the optical structure (100) to a predefinable, modified light distribution (LV2), the modified light distribution (LV2) being folded by folding the unmodified light distribution (LV1) with a scattering function (PSF) is formed, and wherein the optical structure (100) is formed such that the unmodified light distribution (LV1) is modified according to the scattering function. 公开号:AT514784A1 申请号:T50542/2013 申请日:2013-09-03 公开日:2015-03-15 发明作者:Dietmar Kieslinger 申请人:Zizala Lichtsysteme Gmbh； IPC主号:
专利说明:
Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight The invention relates to an optical structure for a lighting device of a motor vehicle headlight, which lighting device is designed to emit light, which forms a predetermined light distribution by the light emitted by the lighting device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a lighting device for a vehicle headlight with such an optical structure. Moreover, the invention relates to a vehicle headlamp with at least one such lighting device. According to the legal regulations, light distributions of vehicle headlights have to meet a number of requirements. For example, according to ECE and SAE, above the bright-dark line (HD line) - outside the primary illuminated area - minimum and maximum light intensities are required in certain regions. These act as "Signlight". and enable the illumination of overhead signposts when illuminated by passing vehicles. The luminous intensities used are usually above the usual scattered light values but far below the luminous intensities below the HD line. The required light values must be achieved with the lowest possible glare effect. "Sign Light " is usually realized by special facets in the projection lens (size at least a few millimeters) or by discrete, small elevations. The disadvantage of this is in particular that these structures are perceptible from the outside as bright points of light and thus increasingly rejected, especially for design reasons. In addition, such devices are tuned to the underlying optical system - if changes are made, the desired function is no longer ensured. Furthermore, for legal reasons, blurred chiaroscuro boundaries are necessary so that HD lines are not rendered too sharp or too blurry, i. the maximum sharpness of the HD line is defined by law. Such blurring of the HD line results in the driver's HD line being called " softer " and subjectively more pleasant. The quantification of this HD transition occurs through the maximum of a gradient along a vertical section through the light-dark boundary. For this, the logarithm of the illuminance is calculated at measuring points in 0.1 ° intervals and their difference is formed, whereby the gradient function is obtained. The maximum of this function is called the gradient of the HD boundary. Since this definition reproduces the human perception of brightness only in an inaccurate manner, differently perceived HD lines can have the same measured gradient value or different gradients can be measured in the case of similar-looking HD lines. Gradient softening is usually done by changing the lens surface, a lens of a lighting device. According to the state of the art, various solutions are in use: by statistical roughening of the lens surface, for example, a softer HD limit can be achieved, but this leads to the impression of oncoming road users. In other variants, a modulation (for example superposition of two sine waves, small depressions in the form of spherical sections, etc.) is applied to the lens surface. Such solutions are strongly dependent on the luminous flux distribution through the lens, changes in this respect, for example by variation of the lighting technique, then have a strong and partly negative effect on the generated luminous flux distribution. Another topic is the generation of segmented light distributions. Such as for example in the generation of dynamic light distributions, such as a dynamic high beam distribution, used. In particular embodiments, such a dynamic light distribution is built up from a number of individual light distributions. For example, with individual light sources to which one optical attachment is assigned in each case a small segment is generated in the light image, the superposition of these light segments then results in the total light distribution. By switching off individual light sources, individual segments in the light image can be switched off, ie not illuminated. The segments are usually arranged in rows and columns. In principle, it is possible to image the individual light segments with sharp boundary edges and to take measures such that adjacent light segments directly adjoin one another. This has the advantage that in "full light" operation, i. Upon activation of all light segments, no dark areas ("grids") can be seen between the light segments. The drawback, however, is that when one or more light segments are switched off, the light distribution in these areas has a sharp light-dark boundary, which is perceived as unpleasant and in addition leads to rapid fatigue. Another approach is not to let the light segments directly adjoin one another. A problem with such light distributions has been found to naturally result in undesired light effects in the region of the adjoining segments, in particular brightness fluctuations in this region which manifest themselves in a visible lattice structure, which are unpleasant for a vehicle driver can be felt. In addition, in this case, there is still the problem of the sharp light-dark limit as a rule. The described disadvantages of the prior art should be eliminated. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a refractive optical component with which a light image can be realized that meets the legal requirements and at the same time is not perceived as disturbing. This object is achieved according to the invention with an optical structure mentioned in the introduction in such a way that the optical structure of the lighting device is assigned or is part of the lighting device such that the optical structure is substantially radiated through the entire luminous flux of the lighting device, and the light generated by the lighting device , unmodified light distribution - is modified from the optical structure to a predetermined, modified light distribution, wherein the modified light distribution by convolution of the unmodified light distribution with a Scattering function is formed, and wherein the optical structure is formed such that the unmodified light distribution is modified according to the scattering function. Thus, according to the invention, the entire optical structure is considered, and this is accordingly modified or shaped via a scattering function such that the completely desired desired light image results. Unlike in the prior art, where, for example, different structural elements are used on an optical structure to produce the gradient softening and Signlight or some of the existing structural elements are additionally modified, according to the present invention, the desired (modified) light distribution, starting from an unmodified decorated, with the lighting device without optical structure generated light distribution, realized in that the unmodified light distribution is folded with such a scattering function that gives the desired light distribution, and the optical structure in their entirety is then shaped so that they the entire luminous flux of Beleuch¬ modified such that results from the unmodified light distribution of the scattering function correspondingly modified light distribution. It is provided in a specific embodiment that the optical structure consists of a plurality of optical structure elements, which structural elements have a light-scattering effect. It is preferably provided that the structural elements are distributed over at least one, preferably exactly one, defined surface of at least one, preferably exactly one, optical element. It is particularly advantageous if the optical structure elements are designed in such a way that each structural element modifies the light bundle passing through the structural element according to the scattering function to form a modified light bundle. Considering a particular (unmodified) light beam from the entire luminous flux, this forms a certain contribution to the light distribution in the light image (the total luminous flux generates the (total) light distribution). A structural element now modifies a light beam passing through the structural element such that the unmodified contribution is changed to the total light distribution corresponding to the scattering function. For example, the unmodified light beam produces a light distribution contribution having a certain shape, i. certain areas are illuminated on the lane or on a screen, other areas are unlit. The structure element now also illuminates areas outside the originally illuminated area with a certain intensity in accordance with the scattering function, while the intensity is reduced at least in parts of the area originally illuminated by the unmodified light bundle after the total luminous flux remains constant. In one embodiment of the invention it is provided that the optical structure is arranged on at least one, preferably exactly one interface of an optical element which is formed in the form of a diffusing screen or in the form of a cover plate of the lighting device. The above-mentioned "defined area " is thus on this at least one, vorzugs¬weise exactly one interface of an optical element, which is designed as a diffuser or Abdeckscheibe. In another embodiment, the optical structure is arranged on at least one surface of an optical element in the form of a lens, in particular a projection lens of the illumination device. The "defined area " thus lies on a surface of a lens. Preferably, the optical structure is arranged on the light exit side of the lens. The optical structure is thus preferably arranged on the curved light exit surface of the lens, preferably the projection lens. It is particularly advantageous if the structural elements of the optical structure are distributed over the entire at least one surface of an optical element. The "defined area " is thus formed by the entire surface or interface of the Optik¬elementes. Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if all structural elements are designed essentially identically. Each structural element modifies the luminous flux passing through it in an identical way as all other structural elements. "Essentially " identical here means that in the case of a flat surface on which the structural elements are arranged, they are actually formed identically. In the case of curved surfaces, the structural elements in the central region are identically formed, while the curvature of the surface may (marginally) differ from the edge regions of different structural elements. In a concrete embodiment, it is accordingly provided that all the structural elements are identical in relation to a plane or flat imaginary surface. Accordingly, the structural elements are calculated for a flat surface; If these as-yet-identical, identical structural elements-with identical orientation-are placed on a curved surface, for example, of a lens, then, as already mentioned above, the structural elements are still identically formed in their central region; However, in the transition regions to the original lens surface to which the structural elements are applied, the structural elements have a different shape depending on the position on the lens surface due to the curvature of the lens surface, but with little or no effect on the light distribution due to the small size of the structural elements Furthermore, it is advantageous if all structural elements are aligned identically. For a flat defined area this requires no further explanation. For curved surfaces (example: lens), the structural elements are identically arranged along axes through the surface, which axes are all parallel to an axis of symmetry or to an optical axis of the surface (and not normal to the surface normal). This has particular manufacturing advantages, since the optical structure and the tool for producing the structure can be easily removed in this way, which can not form undercuts on the optical structure. Optimally, an optical structure according to the invention can be produced if the scattering function (PSF) is a point-spread function. Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the symmetry of a structural element depends on the symmetry of the scattering function PSF. The structural element has i.A. the same symmetry class as the PSF. For example, if the PSF is horizontally mirror-symmetrical, then the structural element also has a horizontal mirror symmetry. Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the dimension of a structural element, for example a diameter and / or a height of the structural element, is larger, in particular much larger than the wavelength of visible light, so that diffraction effects can be avoided. In particular, it is advantageously provided that the height of the structural elements is in the gm range. For example, the height of the structural elements is in the range of 0.5-5 gm, wherein preferably the height of the structural elements is in the range of 1-3 gm. In a specific embodiment, the height of the structural elements is approximately 2.7 gm. Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, e.g. in variants with the heights described above, it is provided that the diameter or a length of the structural elements lies in the millimeter range. For example, the diameter or a length of the structural elements is between 0.5 and 2 mm, wherein preferably the diameter or a length of the structural elements is approximately 1 mm. In an exemplary embodiment of a lens on which the structural members are arranged, the diameter of the lens is 90 mm. Advantageously, it can also be provided that the structural elements have a circular cross-section at their base. In the case of a curved defined surface on which the structural elements are arranged, the projection of the base-that is, the area occupied by a structural element on the defined surface-is considered in a plane. Structural elements are thus preferably substantially rotationally symmetric, but may vary in deformation depending on the application, i. Deviations from this rotationally symmetric structure, these deformations may be large area, are usually formed from locally. An optical structure is simple in manufacture if the defined area on which the structural elements are distributed is subdivided into an imaginary, preferably regular grid structure, and wherein the structural elements are arranged at the grid points or between the grid points of the grid structure. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous also with regard to an optimal optical effect of the optical structure, since this allows the optical effect of the optical structure to be optimally adjusted. The "regularity" The structure is in a curved optical surface, on which the optical structure is arranged to see in relation to a projection of this defined area in a plane, wherein - due to the small lattice spacings - the lattice even with a curved defined areas in the region of adjacent lattice points can just be considered. It is preferably provided that exactly one structural element is arranged at each grid point or between the grid points of the grid structure. In addition, it can be provided that adjacent structural elements overlap each other, i. are arranged touching each other or the structural elements are isolated from each other, i. are arranged not touching each other. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the Gitterstruk¬tur forms a hexagonal grid. In this way, an optimal area filling of the defined area can be achieved, in particular for structural elements with a circular base, so that approximately 87% of the defined area is covered with structural elements and only about 13% unmodified area is present. In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that adjacent grid points have a spacing of approximately 0.5-2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm from one another. In principle, it can also be provided in another embodiment that the structural elements are randomly distributed on the defined surface, for example pseudo-randomly. Optically, it is optimal if the transition of the structural elements to the defined surface is continuous, preferably C2 continuous, ie. done with continuous tangents. Particularly suitable is an optical structure described above for an illumination device, which is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution, in particular a low-beam light distribution, wherein the dimmed light distribution, in particular the low-beam distribution a light-dark boundary In accordance with the invention, the optical structure, in particular the structural elements, is or are designed in such a way that the gradient of the light-dark boundary of the - unmodified - light distribution of the illumination device is reduced. The "softness " of the transition, as described in detail in DE 10 2008 023 551 A1 and repeated here in extracts, is described horizontally by the maximum of the gradient along a vertical section through the light-dark boundary at -2.5 °. For this purpose, the logarithm of the illuminance is calculated at 0.1 ° vertically apart measuring points and their difference is formed, whereby one receives the so-called gradient function. The maximum of the gradient function is called the gradient of the light-dark boundary. The larger this gradient, the sharper the chiaroscuro transition. The vertical position of the maximum of this function also describes the location at which the so-called chiaroscuro boundary is detected, that is, the location that the human eye uses as the boundary line between "bright" and "bright". and "dark " perceives (about -0.5 ° vertical). A lighting device produces - without optical structure according to the invention - a Abblendlichtverteilung with a light-dark boundary with a certain sharpness beschrie¬ben by the so-called "gradient". By providing an optical structure according to the invention, this - unmodified - light distribution is modified such that the sharpness of the cut-off line is reduced, so that it meets the legal requirements and is perceived as pleasant by the human eye. Likewise, an optical structure according to the invention is advantageous for an illumination device, which illumination device is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution, in particular a dimming light distribution, the dimmed light distribution, in particular the dimming light distribution, being a light Dark boundary, wherein according to the invention, the optical structure, in particular the structural elements is / are formed or the scattering function is designed such that a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device is imaged in a range above the cut-off. In this way, with the optical structure according to the invention, an initially described signlight can be generated in an optimum manner in which, for example, each optical structure element deflects a small portion of the luminous flux passing through the structural element into a corresponding region. In particular, it is advantageous that, with an optical structure according to the invention, both the gradient of the light-dark boundary can be set and a signal light can be generated. In the prior art, two optical structures are necessary for this, with a first structure for producing one of the two optical "effects". a second structure is superimposed, which has the second optical "effect". generated. In the case of the optical structure according to the invention, this is achieved by a structure consisting of substantially identical structural elements which are used for "realization". a scattering function are formed as described above. In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the luminous flux deflected by the optical structure lies in a range between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °, above the HH line. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that 0.5% -1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device is deflected by the optical structure into a region above the cut-off line. An optical structure according to the invention is furthermore advantageous for an illumination device, which illumination device is set up to image the light emitted by it in the form of individual light distributions mapped in n rows and m columns, where n > 1, m > 1 or n > 1, m > 1, and which individual light distributions form a common overall light distribution, for example a high beam distribution, whereby it is provided according to the invention that the optical structure, in particular the structural elements, is / are designed in such a way that the scattering function is designed in such a way that diverting a portion of the luminous flux of the lighting device into the boundary regions in which two individual light distributions adjoin each other. The "construction" An overall light distribution from single light distributions has the advantage that e.g. As described above, by hiding individual light segments (Einzellichtverteilun¬ gene) certain areas can be hidden. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the individual light distributions are bordered comparatively sharp, which, however, entails the disadvantage that an optical lattice structure can form, with dark or darkened areas between the light segments, which can be perceived as optically unpleasant and u.U. legally not allowed. With the invention, it is possible in a simple manner to emit sufficient light in these dark or darkened areas between the light segments, so that this grid structure is no longer visible. In particular, this is advantageous if adjacent individual light distributions of the unmodified light distribution have a defined spacing or defined distances from one another. In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the individual light distributions of the unmodified light distribution, in particular in the case of a projection onto a vertical plane, have a rectangular or square shape. In particular, it is provided that all distances between adjacent individual light distributions in the horizontal direction are identical. Furthermore, it may alternatively or preferably additionally be provided that all distances between adjacent individual light distributions in the vertical direction are identical. In a specific embodiment, it is provided that the individual light distributions have a width and / or a height of approximately 1 °. Typically, the distance between two adjacent single light distributions is less than 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °. For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is less than or equal to 0.2 °. For example, the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °. Furthermore, it can also be provided that the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions is less than or equal to 0.1 °. In a particular embodiment, the average light intensity in a gap between two single light distributions generated with the luminous flux destined for a single light distribution corresponds to half the average light intensity in an adjacent single light distribution of the modified light distribution, so that the total light intensity associated with light , which is intended for the two adjacent single-light distributions, substantially corresponds to the light intensity of the single-light distributions of the modified light distribution. Preferably, the light intensity in all single light distributions is substantially identical, and advantageously the intensity in the single light distributions is substantially homogeneous over the entire area of the single light distribution As already mentioned above, it is of particular advantage if, due to the optical structure, part of that luminous flux which exclusively produces a single-light distribution without optical structure, into the column regions framing this single-light distribution, which result from the spacing of the individual light distributions relative to one another , is distracted. The dark edge regions around the individual light distributions are thus illuminated exclusively with light from individual light distributions adjacent to these edge regions, so that when single individual light distributions are switched off, the switched off regions in the overall light image still appear to be dark and not "out" by stray light. other individual light distributions are illuminated. It is preferably provided that, starting from a considered individual light distribution, the light intensity decreases in an adjacent gap in the direction of the adjacent single light distribution, the decrease preferably being linear. After a gap is illuminated with a portion of the light intended for the two adjacent single-light distributions (a portion of the light of four single-light distributions in the intersection of the columns), a result is obtained, especially for a linear waveform of intensity approximately constant light intensity over the entire gap. In particular, it is provided that the light intensity decreases to zero. In addition, it is advantageously provided that the light intensity in a gap, immediately adjacent to the edge of the individual light distribution under consideration, essentially corresponds to the light intensity of the single light distribution of the modified light distribution at its edge. corresponds to the average light intensity in the single light distribution of the modified light distribution. In general, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or formed in such a way that essentially the entire, preferably the entire luminous flux of the illumination device impinges on the optical structure. In this way, the entire luminous flux can be used for the modification of the original light distribution. In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or designed such that it is substantially homogeneously illuminated. Finally, the invention also relates to a lighting device having at least one, preferably exactly one optical structure described above. For example, the lighting device is a projection system. In this case, it is preferably provided that the illumination device comprises at least one light source, at least one reflector and at least one lens, in particular a projection lens, and it is preferably provided that the at least one optical structure is arranged on the lens and / or an additional cover or diffuser surface. However, it can also be provided that the lighting device is a reflection system. It is advantageous if the lighting device comprises at least one free-form reflector and at least one light source and at least one lens and / or at least one cover, and advantageously wherein the at least one optical structure on the at least one lens and / or the at least one cover disc and / or an additional cover or lens is arranged. In the following the invention is discussed in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this shows. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a projection module according to the prior Technology, Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a reflection module according to the prior Technology, 3 is a schematic representation of a projection module with an inventive optical structure on the outside of a lens, 4 shows a schematic representation of a reflection module with an optical structure according to the invention on the outside of a covering or diffusing screen, 5 is a schematic representation of a projection module with an inventive optical structure on an additional optical elements such as a disc, 6 shows a schematic illustration of a reflection module with an optical structure according to the invention on an additional optical element such as a pane, 7 shows a "conventional", unmodified low-beam distribution produced by a lighting device according to the prior art, Fig. 7a individual, with areas of a lighting device according to the prior Technology generated light spots, FIG. 7b shows a larger number of light spots, as shown in FIG. 7a, 8 shows a modified low-beam light distribution produced by a lighting device with an optical structure according to the invention, 8a the light spots of FIG. 7a modified according to a scattering function for combined gradient softening and generation of a signlight, FIG. 8b, the light spots of Figure 7b, modified according to the scattering function, 9 shows a single light spot from FIG. 7a or 7b, modified with a scattering function for combined gradient softening and generation of a signlight 10 shows a lens from a projection module according to the prior art and an enlarged portion of the profile of the contour of the outside of this lens, 10 a is a schematic illustration of a low-beam distribution produced by an illumination device with a lens from FIG. 10, 10b is a schematic representation of the low beam distribution of Figure 10a in the region of the asymmetry portion of the cut-off line, 11 shows a lens from a projection module having an optical structure according to the invention on the outside of the lens together with an enlarged representation of a detail of the contour of the outside, FIG. 11a shows a schematic representation of a low-beam distribution produced by an illumination device with a lens from FIG. 11, FIG. 11b is a schematic representation of the low-beam light distribution from FIG. 11a in the region of the asymmetry section of the cut-off line, FIG. 12 shows a lens with an optical structure according to the invention in a three-dimensional view, a section of the lens in an enlarged view, and furthermore a still enlarged detail from the already enlarged detail, 13 a hexagonal lattice structure, 14 shows the lattice structure from FIG. 13, occupied by optical structural elements, FIG. 15 shows the optical structure from FIG. 14 in an enlarged view in FIG Area of an optical structural element, 16 shows the beam path of a single beam through an unmodified optical Structure, for example by a portion of an outer surface of an unmodified lens, 17 shows the beam path through the surface element from FIG. 16, now with a modified optical structure according to the invention, FIG. 18 shows a plan view of an optical structural element of an optical structure according to the invention with schematic height-layer lines, 18a, the optical structural element of Figure 18 in a section along the Line A-A, 18b, the optical structural element of Figure 18 in a section along the Line B-B, and FIG. 18c shows the optical structure element from FIG. 18 in a section along the Line C-C, 19 shows an unmodified light distribution constructed from square Light segments and the image of this light distribution forming luminous flux by means of an optical structure with square structural elements, and Fig. 20 shows the schematic course of the light intensity in an unmodified and a modified light distribution. In the following, reference will first be made to FIGS. 1-6, which show, without restricting the subject of the invention, principal possibilities of arranging an optical structure according to the invention. An optical structure according to the invention can also be used in other than the illumination devices for motor vehicles illustrated here. Figure 1 shows schematically a lighting device 1 in the form of a projection system, comprising a reflector 2, a light source 3, an (optional) shutter assembly 4 and a projection lens 5, with a curved outside 5a and a plane inside 5b. FIG. 2 shows schematically an illumination device 1 in the form of a reflection system, with a reflector 2, a light source 3 and a scattering or cover disc 6, the reference numerals 6 a and 6 b denote the outside and the inside of the disc 6. FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the projection system from FIG. 1, wherein an optical structure 100 according to the invention is arranged on the outside of a lens 5. This optical structure 100 preferably occupies the entire outer side 5a of the lens 5. FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the reflection module from FIG. 2 with an optical structure 100 according to the invention on the outside of the cover or diffuser screen 6, wherein the optical structure preferably occupies the entire outside of the pane 6. FIG. 5 again shows a schematic representation of a projection module 1 as shown in FIG. 1, with an optical structure 100 according to the invention on an additional optical element such as a pane, the optical element being arranged between the aperture 4 and the lens 5. Finally, FIG. 6 also shows a schematic illustration of a reflection module from FIG. 2 having an optical structure 100 according to the invention on an additional optical element, such as a pane, which is arranged between the light source 3 and the scattering or cover pane 6. As already mentioned, these illustrations merely serve to illustrate some of the possibilities of arranging an optical structure 100 according to the invention. In principle, a lighting device can also have a plurality of light sources, for example LEDs as light sources, and the light-shaping body can be in the form of one or more light guides, reflectors , etc. be formed. In general, the optical structure 100 is assigned to the illumination device 1 or is part of the illumination device 1 such that the optical structure 100 is irradiated by substantially the entire (or the entire optically relevant) luminous flux of the illumination device 1. In particular, it is advantageous if the optical structure is arranged and / or designed such that it is homogeneously illuminated. For the calculation of the optical structure in this case, it can be easily deduced from the scattering function which fraction of the total area should break as strongly. FIG. 7 schematically shows a "conventional", unmodified low-beam distribution LV1, as is produced, for example, with a known lighting device 1 according to the prior art shown in FIG. The low-beam distribution LV1 has a light-dark boundary HD1, which in the case shown has an asymmetrical course. FIG. 7a shows, for better illustration of the effect of an optical structure 100 according to the invention, individual light spots removed from the light distribution LV1, FIG. 7b shows an even greater number of such light spots. Referring now to FIG. 8, this shows a modified light distribution LV2, wherein this modified light distribution LV2 is produced by modifying the original light distribution through the optical structure 100. The modified light distribution LV2 results from folding the unmodified light distribution LV1 with a scattering function PSF, the optical structure 100 being designed such that the unmodified light distribution LV1 is modified to the new light distribution LV2 in accordance with the scattering function PSF. In this case, the modified light distribution LV2 has the essentially same distribution shape as the unmodified light distribution LV1 and likewise has a light-dark boundary HD2, which, however, has a smaller gradient, as is the result of the greater distance of the isolux lines in the region of The cut-off line is schematically indicated. The light-dark boundary HD2 is thus "softer". Furthermore, it can still be seen in FIG. 8 that a region LV2 'above the cut-off line HD2 is also illuminated with a certain illuminance in order to generate a design light. A lighting device thus produces - without optical structure according to the invention - a low-beam light distribution LV1 with a light-dark boundary HD1 with a certain sharpness, described by the so-called "gradient". By providing an optical structure 100 according to the invention, this unmodified light distribution LV1 is modified in such a way that the sharpness of the cut-off line is reduced, so that it meets the legal requirements and is perceived as pleasant by the human eye. In addition, in the described embodiment, a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device 1 is imaged into a region LV2 'above the cut-off boundary HD2. In this way, with the optical structure 100 according to the invention, a signal light described in the introduction can be generated optimally by, for example, each optical structure element deflecting a small proportion of the luminous flux passing through the structure element into a corresponding region. In particular, it is advantageous that, with an optical structure according to the invention, both the gradient of the light-dark boundary can be set and a signal light can be generated. In the prior art, two optical structures are necessary for this, with a first structure for producing one of the two optical "effects". a second structure is superimposed, which has the second optical "effect". generated. In the case of the optical structure according to the invention, this is achieved by a structure consisting of substantially identical structural elements which are used for "realization". a scattering function are formed as described above. In a specific embodiment, as shown, it is provided that the luminous flux deflected by the optical structure lies in a range LV2 'between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 °, above the HH line. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is provided that 0.5% -1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device 1 is deflected by the optical structure into a region LV2 'above the light-dark boundary HD2. Looking at Figures 8a and 8b, these show the individual spots of light as shown in Figures 7a and 7b, modified by an inventive optical structure 100 for gradient softening and simultaneous generation of a signlight. As can be seen, the individual light spots - at least in the region of the cut-off line - are smeared (softening); at the same time, a (small) part of the luminous flux, which non-ophthalmic structure is shown as the light spots, as in FIGS. 7a and 7b contributes deflected into an area above these light spots to form a signlight. Finally, FIG. 9 schematically shows in detail the influence of a scattering function for combined gradient softening and generation of a signlight, in which scattering function is preferably a so-called point spread function, as used in FIG. 8, for a single light spot Figure 7a and 7b. Thus, according to the invention, the entire optical structure 100 is considered, and this is accordingly modified or shaped via a scattering function such that the complete desired light image LV2, LV2 'results. Unlike in the prior art, for example, different structure elements on an optical structure are used to generate the gradient softening and Signlight or some of the existing structural elements are additionally modified, according to the present invention, the desired (modified) light distribution, starting from an unmodified, with the light device without optical structure, realized by the fact that the unmodified light distribution is folded with such a scatter function that gives the desired light distribution, and the optical structure in its entirety is then shaped so that it modifies the entire luminous flux of the lighting device so that a light distribution corresponding to the scattering function results from the unmodified light distribution. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the optical structure 100 consists of a multiplicity of optical structural elements 110, which structural elements 110 have a light-scattering effect. Looking first at Figure 10, this shows a lens 5 as shown, for example, in Figure 1. The following representation is made on the basis of a lens, but the essentially identical statements apply equally to a scattering or cover disk, a separate component which supports or forms the optical structure, etc. The curved outer side 5a of the lens 5 is shown enlarged in FIG. 10 and the substantially smooth surface 5a can be seen. With such a lens having no optical structure, a low-beam distribution LV1 having a light-dark boundary HD1 is formed as shown in FIGS. 10a, 10b (see also FIG. 7). FIG. 11 again shows the lens 5, now with an optical structure 100 consisting of a multiplicity of optical structural elements 110 on its outer side 5a. In the enlarged representation of the outside 5a, the structural elements 110 are enlarged or increased approximately by a factor of 100 in order to make them visible. FIG. 11 shows a purely schematic representation. With such an optical structure 100 with structural elements 110, a modified light distribution LV2 is produced, which forms a low-beam cut-off light distribution HD2 and signlight LV2 '(FIGS. 11a, 11b). The structural elements of the optical structure can basically be arranged on the outer and the inner side of the lens (or a lens, etc.). Preferably, however, it is provided that the structural elements 110 are distributed over exactly one defined surface 5a of an optical element, for example, as shown, the outer side 5a of the lens 5. It is advantageous if the structural elements 110 are distributed over the entire defined surface 5a. FIG. 12 shows, by way of example, the already known lens 5, which has on its outer side an optical structure 100 which consists of individual structural elements 110. A single structural element 110 having a diameter d and a height h is also schematically shown in FIG. It is particularly advantageous if the optical structure elements 110 are formed in such a way that each structure element 110 modifies the light bundle LB1 passing through the respective structure element 110 in accordance with the scattering function PSF to form a modified light bundle LB2. FIG. 16 shows the passage of a light beam or light bundle LB1 through an area on an unmodified lens surface 5a and the light bundle LB1 'deflected accordingly. The light beam LB1 is thereby only deflected by the Linsenoberflä¬che 5a, so changed its direction. FIG. 17 again shows a light bundle LB1 which passes through a structural element 110 on a modified lens outer surface. On the one hand, the outgoing light bundle LB2 is again deflected in its direction, to the same extent as the light bundle LB1 ', but there is still a scattering of a portion of the luminous flux of the light bundle, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 17 on the basis of the light bundle LB2. If one considers a particular (unmodified) light bundle LB1 from the entire light stream, then this forms a certain contribution to the light distribution in the light image (the entire luminous flux generates the (total) light distribution). A structural element then modifies a light beam LB1 passing through the structural element such that the unmodified contribution to the total light distribution is changed according to the scattering function. For example, the unmodified light beam produces a light distribution contribution having a certain shape, i. certain areas on the road or on a screen are illuminated, other areas are unlit. Due to the structure element 110, areas outside the originally illuminated area are now also illuminated with a specific intensity in accordance with the scattering function FSF, while the intensity remains constant at least in parts of the area originally illuminated with the unmodified light bundle. As mentioned in connection with FIG. 12, it is advantageous if the entire defined surface 5 a is covered with the optical structure elements 110. Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if all structural elements 110 are formed substantially identical. Each structural element then modifies the luminous flux through which it passes in an identical manner as all the other structural elements. "Essentially " identical here means that in the case of a flat surface on which the structural elements are arranged, they are actually formed identically. In the case of curved surfaces, as in the case of a light exit surface 5a of a lens 5, the structural elements are each identically formed in their central area, while the margins of different structural elements may differ (slightly) from one another due to the curvature of the surface. In a concrete embodiment, it is accordingly provided that all structural elements 110 are identical in relation to a flat or imaginary surface 111. Accordingly, the structural elements are calculated for a flat surface; If these as-yet-identical, identical structural elements-with identical orientation-are placed on a curved surface, for example, of a lens, then, as already mentioned above, the structural elements are still identically formed in their central region; However, in the transition regions to the original lens surface to which the structural elements are applied, the structural elements have a different shape depending on the position on the lens surface due to the curvature of the lens surface, but with little or no effect on the light distribution due to the small size of the structural elements Furthermore, it is advantageous if all structural elements 110 are aligned identically. For a flat defined area this requires no further explanation. For curved surfaces (example: lens), the structural elements are identically arranged along axes through the surface, which axes are all parallel to an axis of symmetry or to an optical axis of the surface (and not normal to the surface normal). This has particular manufacturing advantages, since the optical structure and the tool for producing the structure can be easily removed in this way, which can not form undercuts on the optical structure. Optimally, an inventive optical structure or a modified Lichtbildzeugen if the scattering function PSF is a point-spread function. Furthermore, it is also advantageous that the symmetry of a structural element depends on the symmetry of the scattering function PSF. The structural element has i.A. the same symmetry class as the PSF. For example, if the PSF is horizontally mirror-symmetrical, then the structural element also has a horizontal mirror symmetry. Returning again to FIG. 12, it can be seen that in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the structural elements 110 have a circular cross-section at their base. In the case of a curved defined surface on which the structural elements are arranged, the projection of the base-that is, the surface occupied by a structural element on the defined surface-is viewed in a plane. Structural elements are thus preferably substantially rotationally symmetric, but may vary in deformation depending on the application, i. Deviations from this rotationally symmetric structure, these deformations may be large area, are usually formed from locally. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the dimension of a structural element 110, in the shown case thus the diameter d and / or the height h of the structural element 110, is larger, in particular much larger than the wavelength of visible light, so that diffraction effects can be avoided. Specifically, the height h of the structural elements 110 is in the gm range. For example, the height h of the structural elements 110 is in the range of 0.5-5 μm, with the height h of the structural elements 110 preferably being in the range of 1-3 μm. In a specific embodiment, the height h of the structural elements 110 is approximately 2.7 gm. Furthermore, in a specific embodiment, e.g. in variants with the above beschrie¬benen heights, provided that the diameter d of the structural elements 110 is in the millimeter range. For example, the diameter d of the structural elements 110 is between 0.5-2 mm, preferably the diameter d or a length of the structural elements 110 is approximately 1 mm. In an exemplary embodiment of a lens on which the structural members are arranged, the diameter of the lens is 90 mm. An optical structure is simple in the production when the defined surface 111 (which in the example shown is the lens surface 5a) on which the structural elements 110 are distributed, into an imaginary, preferably regular lattice structure (200 ), as shown in FIG. In this case, the structural elements 110 are arranged at the grid points 201 or between the grid points 201 of the grid structure 200. FIG. 14 shows how on each lattice point 201 of the lattice structure 200 a structural element 110 with a circular base is seated. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous also with regard to an optimal optical effect of the optical structure, since this allows the optical effect of the optical structure to be optimally adjusted. The "regularity" The structure is in a curved optical surface, on which the optical structure is arranged to see in relation to a projection of this defined area in a plane, wherein - due to the small lattice spacings - the lattice even with a curved defined areas in the region of adjacent lattice points can just be considered. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, it is contemplated that the grid structure forms a hexagonal grid 200. In this way, optimum surface filling of the defined surface can be achieved, in particular with structural elements 110 having a circular base, so that approximately 87% of the defined surface is covered with structural elements 110 and only about 13% unmodified surface 111 (see FIG. 15) is present. If possible, as shown in FIG. 15, the base surfaces of the structural elements 110 are arranged relative to one another or have a diameter such that adjacent structural elements 110 merge into one another, preferably in the sense that they are in direct contact. In this way, an optimal surface filling can be achieved. In addition, it is optically optimal if the transition of the features 110 to the defined face 111 is continuous, preferably C2 continuous, i. with continuous tangents. In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that adjacent grid points 201 have a spacing of approximately 0.5-2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm from one another. FIG. 18a shows a section through the optical structural element from FIG. 18 along the line AA, FIG. and Figure 18c shows the optical structure element of Figure 18 in a section along the line CC. The structural element 110 shown in FIGS. 18, 18a-18c, which is particularly well suited for realizing a gradient softening and a signlight function, is characterized, as already mentioned, by a circular base with a radius r. FIG. 18 also shows (x, y) coordinate cross with the origin in the center of the circle with radius r. The z direction, which is normal to the plane spanned by x and y, essentially corresponds to the light exit direction or runs parallel to the optical axis of the illumination device, in which the optical structure consisting of such structural elements is used. While the structural element, i. the surface 1110 of the structural element 110 in the positive y-half is largely spaced, except for small areas, to the defined area on which the structural element 110 is located, in most of the negative y-half, except for an area around the origin 0 , the surface 1111 of the structural element 110 and the defined surface together. The two surface regions 1110, 1110 are connected to one another via transition surfaces 1112, 1113. The optical feature 110 reaches its maximum height above the origin 0 and falls in the region 1110 to its edge, i. to the edge of the region 1110 at radius rhin steadily, preferably C0-steady. The region 1110 of the optical element which is spaced from the defined surface preferably has circular symmetry, that is, points on the surface 1110 of the same normal distance from the defined surface lie on a circle centered at the origin. The region 1110 further includes a flattened region 1110 'which extends concentrically about the midpoint O and extends to the transition surfaces 1112, 1113. The flattened region 1110' extends over a width of about 0.05-0, for example, 1 times the radius r and lies in a range between 0.4 and 0.6 radii r around the center 0. The transition surface 1113 is parallel to the x-direction, the distance r 'of the surface 1113 to the x-axis is approximately 0.3-0.5 radii r, preferably 0.4 radii r (ya = +/- 0.3 Preferably, ya = +/- 0.4 r., The transition surface 1113 preferably extends to the flattened region 1110 'on either side of the y-axis. The transition surfaces 1112 are symmetrical about the y-axis, the distance r " The two surfaces 1112 to a straight line parallel to the surface 1112, which straight line passes through the center 0, is in the range of 0.4-0.6 radii r, preferably about 0.55 r. The surfaces 1112 intersect the x-axis xs = +/- (0.6 - 0.8) r, preferably xs = +/- 0.75 r. Transition surface 1113, as shown, is most flat on the y-axis and becomes steeper toward transition surface 1112. This continues in the transitional surfaces 1112, which become steeper towards the edge r. The transition between the transition surfaces 1112, 1113 and the surfaces 1110 is preferably C0 continuous, as is the transition to the surface 1111. The illustrated structural element is shown approximately 25 times exaggerated in order to visualize differences in the slopes. In fact, the pitch angles of the surface of the structural element in the region 1110 are between approximately 0 ° and 1 °, in the region 1111 naturally 0 °. In the transition areas, the gradients are approx. 2 ° - 3 °. While the surface 1111 allows rays to pass unaltered, the region 1110 scatters light passing through it, resulting in a softening of the gradient in the light image. The transitional surfaces with their larger slopes, on the other hand, direct upwards passing light rays so that they lie above the horizontal line in the light image and lead to a signlight function. FIG. 19 shows, as a further example of application in the left-hand image, an unmodified light distribution, consisting of individual light segments, which are arranged in columns and rows. As can be seen in FIG. 19, adjacent individual light distributions LSI have a distance d1 in the horizontal direction, with all distances d1 being identical. Further, adjacent distributions LSI have distances d2 in the vertical direction, with all vertical distances being identical. Preferably, furthermore, dl = d2. The distributions or light segments LSI typically have, but are not limited to, a width and / or a height of about 1 °. In the case of rectangular light segments, these usually have a (slightly) greater extent in the vertical height than in the horizontal direction. Due to the distance of the light segments LSI dark columns form in the light image. The width of these gaps (corresponding to the distances d1, d2) is typically less than or equal to 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °, typically less than or equal to 0.2 ° or less or equal to 0.1 °. A typical range for the width dl, d2 of the columns is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °. The light intensity is substantially identical in all the individual light distributions LSI, and advantageously the intensity in the individual light distributions LSI is essentially homogeneous over the entire surface of the single light distribution, as is indicated schematically in FIG. 21, on the left side. The optical structure deflects a part of the luminous flux which, without optical structure, exclusively generates a single-light distribution LSI, into which the individual light distribution LSI-framing column regions which result from the spacing of the individual-light distributions LSI relative to one another. With an optical structure according to the invention as described above, a scattering of the light which is emitted into these light segments can now be achieved so that the lattice structure is no longer recognizable or only in a no longer disturbing and legally compliant extent as shown in FIG. 19 (FIG. 19, FIG. right side). The dark edge regions around the individual light distributions are thus illuminated exclusively with light from individual light distributions adjacent to these edge regions, so that when single individual light distributions are switched off, the switched off regions in the overall light image still appear to be dark and not "out" by stray light. other individual light distributions are illuminated. FIG. 20 shows schematically the course of the light intensity in the case of an unmodified light image. In the light segments LSI, the light intensity I is constant at a value I = II, in the columns the intensity is 1 = 0. With the optical structure, a part of that luminous flux which exactly forms a Lichtseg¬ment LSI, scattered in the adjacent edges. Thereby, the intensity in the modified light segments LSI 'decreases to a value II' (the shape of the segments LSI 'still corresponds to the unmodified light segments LSI), however, a part of the light for the original segment LSI is scattered into the adjacent edges. The amount of scattered light is chosen in such a way over the optical structure (or the optical structure designed accordingly) that in a gap as shown in Figure 20, right side, the intensity of I = II 'at the edge of the light segment considered LSI'beträgt and then decreases linearly to the value 1 = 0, where 1 = 0 is reached at the edge of the adjacent light segment LSI '. In this way, a total intensity in the gap of I = 11 'can be achieved (Figure 20), as the intensities of the scattered light from the two adjacent light segments add up. The invention makes it possible to describe signlight and gradient softening via a point-spread function and to convert these into a single optical structure element which is repeated in the optical structure. The described mode of operation provides great flexibility as regards the appearance of the gradient (or the softness of the HD boundary), and unlike geometry-centered approaches of the prior art, the visual impression via the point-spread function can be modeled and implemented relatively easily become.
权利要求:
Claims (57) [1] 1. Optical structure (100) for a lighting device (1) of a motor vehicle headlamp, which lighting device (1) is set up to emit light, which light emitted by the lighting device (1) forms a predetermined light distribution (LV1) in that the optical structure (100) is assigned to the illumination device (1) in such a way or is part of the illumination device (1) that the optical structure (100) is irradiated by essentially the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1), and wherein the unmodified light distribution (LV1) generated by the illumination device (1) is modified from the optical structure (100) to a predefinable, modified light distribution (LV2), wherein the modified light distribution (LV2) is obtained by convolution of the unmodified light distribution Lichtvertei¬lung (LV1) is formed with a scattering function (PSF), and wherein the optical structure (10 0) is formed such that the unmodified light distribution (LV1) is modified according to the scattering function. [2] The optical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical structure (100) consists of a plurality of optical structure elements (110), which structural elements (110) have a light-scattering effect. [3] 3. An optical structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the Strukturele¬mente (110) over at least one, preferably exactly one defined surface (111) zumin¬dest one, preferably exactly one optical element (5, 6) are distributed. [4] 4. An optical structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the opti¬schen structural elements (110) are formed such that each structural element (110) passing through the structural element (110) light bundles (LB1) according to the scattering function (PSF ) to a modified light beam (LB2). [5] 5. An optical structure according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is formed on at least one, preferably exactly one interface of an optical element which is in the form of a diffuser (6) or in the form of a cover (6) of the Beleuchtungsvorrich¬ tung (1) is arranged. [6] 6. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is arranged on at least one surface of an optical element in the form of a lens (5), in particular a projection lens of the lighting device (1). [7] The optical structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the optical structure is disposed on the light exit side (5a) of the lens (5). [8] An optical structure according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the structural elements (110) of the optical structure (100) are distributed over the entire at least one surface (5a, 6a) of an optical element (5, 6). [9] Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all the structural elements (110) are substantially identical. [10] 10. An optical structure according to claim 9, characterized in that all Strukturele¬mente (110) with respect to a flat or flat as imaginary surface (111) are ausgebil¬det identical. [11] An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that all the structural elements (110) are identically aligned. [12] Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the scattering function (PSF) is a point-spread function. [13] Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the dimension of a structural element (110), for example a diameter (d) and / or a height (h) of the structural element (110), is greater, in particular much larger than the wavelength of visible light is. [14] Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the gm range. [15] An optical structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the range 0.5 to 5 gm. [16] The optical structure according to claim 15, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is in the range of 1-3 gm. [17] The optical structure according to claim 16, characterized in that the height (h) of the structural elements (110) is about 2.7 gm. [18] 18. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) is in the millimeter range. [19] 19. An optical structure according to claim 18, characterized in that the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) is between 0.5 - 2 mm. [20] 20. An optical structure according to claim 19, wherein the diameter (d) or a length of the structural elements (110) is approximately 1 mm. [21] Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the structural elements (110) have a circular cross-section at their base. [22] Optical structure according to any one of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the defined surface (111) on which the structural elements (110) are distributed is subdivided into an imaginary - preferably regular - lattice structure (200), and wherein the structural elements at the grid points (201) or between the grid points (201) of the grid structure (200). [23] 23. Optical structure according to claim 22, characterized in that at each lattice point (201) or between the lattice points (201) of the lattice structure (200) in each case exactly one structural element (110) is arranged. [24] 24. An optical structure according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that adjoining structural elements (110) merge into one another, i. are arranged touching each other or the structural elements (110) are isolated from each other, i. not touching each other. [25] Optical structure according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the lattice structure forms a hexagonal lattice (200). [26] Optical structure according to one of Claims 22 to 25, characterized in that adjacent grid points (201) have a spacing of approximately 0.5-2 mm, preferably approximately 1 mm from one another. [27] 27. An optical structure according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the structural elements (110) on the defined surface (111) randomly, for example pseudo¬random are distributed. [28] Optical structure according to one of Claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the transition of the structural elements (110) to the defined surface (111) is continuous, preferably C2 continuous. [29] 29. Optical structure according to claim 1 for an illumination device (1), which illumination device (1) is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular a low-beam light distribution wherein the dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular the dimming light distribution, has a light-dark boundary (HD1), characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110), is / are designed in such a way, that the gradient of the light-dark boundary (HD1) of the - unmodified - light distribution (LV1) of the lighting device (1) is reduced. [30] 30. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 29 for an illumination device (1), which illumination device (1) is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of a dimmed light distribution (LV1), in particular a low-beam light distribution wherein the dimmed light distribution, in particular the low-beam light distribution, has a light-dark boundary (HD1), characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110), is / are designed in such a way, in that a portion of the luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is imaged into a region (LV2 ') above the cut-off line (HD1, HD2). [31] 31. An optical structure according to claim 30, characterized in that the deflected luminous flux is in a range (LV2 ') between 1.5 ° and 4 °, in particular between 2 ° and 4 ° above the HH line. [32] 32. An optical structure according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that vonca. 1% of the luminous flux of the illumination device (1) is deflected into a region (LV2 ') above the light-dark boundary (HD1, HD2). [33] 33. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 32 for an illumination device (1), which illumination device (1) is adapted to image the light emitted by it in the form of n-rows and m-columns imaged individual light distributions (LSI) where n > 1, m > 1 or n > 1, m > 1, and which individual light distributions (LSI) together form an overall light distribution (LV1), for example a high-beam distribution, characterized in that the optical structure (100), in particular the structural elements (110), is / are designed in this way in that at least a part of the luminous flux of the lighting device (1) is deflected into the boundary regions in which two individual light distributions adjoin each other. [34] 34. The optical structure according to claim 33, characterized in that adjacent single-light distributions (LSI) of the unmodified light distribution (LV1) have a defined spacing (d1, d2) relative to each other. [35] 35. Optical structure according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the single-light distributions (LSI) of the unmodified light distribution (LV1), in particular when projected onto a vertical plane, have a rectangular or square shape. [36] 36. An optical structure according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that all distances (dl) between adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) in the horizontal direction are identical. [37] Optical structure according to one of Claims 34 to 36, characterized in that all the distances (d2) between adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) are identical in the vertical direction. [38] 38. Optical structure according to one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the individual light distributions (LSI) have a width and / or a height of about 1 °. [39] 39. An optical structure according to any one of claims 34 to 38, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.5 ° and greater than 0 °. [40] 40. An optical structure according to claim 39, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.2 °. [41] 41. Optical structure according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the distance (dl, d2) between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is between 0.05 ° and 0.15 °. [42] 42. Optical structure according to one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent individual light distributions (LSI) is less than or equal to 0.1 °. [43] 43. Optical structure according to one of claims 33 to 42, characterized in that the average light intensity in a gap between two single light distributions (LSI), generated with the luminous flux intended for a single light distribution, of half the average light intensity in an adjacent one Single light distribution (LSI) corresponds to the modified light distribution. [44] 44. An optical structure according to any one of claims 33 to 43, characterized in that by the optical structure of a part of that luminous flux, which generates without optical structure, only a single light distribution (LSI), in the this single-light distribution (LSI) framing column areas, which be distracted by the spacing of the individual light distributions (LSI) to each other. [45] 45. Optical structure according to claim 44, characterized in that, starting from a considered single light distribution (LSI), the light intensity in an adjacent gap decreases in the direction of the adjacent single light distribution (LSI), the decrease preferably being linear. [46] 46. Optical structure according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the light intensity decreases to zero. [47] 47. Optical structure according to one of claims 44 to 46, characterized in that the light intensity in a gap, immediately adjacent to the edge of the considered single light distribution (LSI), substantially to the light intensity of the single light distribution (LSI) of the modified light distribution corresponds to their edge or the average Lichtin¬tensität in the single light distribution (LSI) of the modified light distribution. [48] 48. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that it is arranged and / or formed such that substantially the entire, preferably the entire luminous flux of the illumination device (1) acts on the optical structure (100). incident. [49] 49. Optical structure according to one of claims 1 to 48, characterized in that it is arranged and / or formed so that it is substantially homogeneously ausge¬ lights. [50] 50. Lighting device with at least one, preferably exactly one optical structure (100) according to one of claims 1 to 49. [51] 51. Lighting device according to claim 50, characterized in that the lighting device (1) is a projection system. [52] 52. Lighting device according to claim 51, characterized in that the illumination device (1) comprises at least one light source (3), at least one reflector (2) and at least one lens (5), in particular a projection lens. [53] 53. Lighting device according to claim 52, characterized in that the at least one optical structure (100) on the lens (5) and / or an additional Ab¬deck- or lens is arranged. [54] 54. Lighting device according to claim 50, characterized in that the lighting device (1) is a reflection system. [55] 55. Lighting device according to claim 54, characterized in that it comprises at least one free-form reflector (2) and at least one light source (3) and at least one lens (6) and / or at least one cover (6). [56] 56. Lighting device according to claim 55, characterized in that the at least one optical structure (100) is arranged on the at least one diffusing screen (6) and / or the at least one cover disc (6) and / or an additional covering or scattering disc. [57] 57. A vehicle headlamp with at least one lighting device according to any one of claims 50 to 56.
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 WO2015031924A1|2015-03-12| US20160215946A1|2016-07-28| CN105683649A|2016-06-15| AT514784B1|2021-10-15| CN105683649B|2018-08-07| US10378718B2|2019-08-13| EP3042118B1|2017-11-22| JP2016530688A|2016-09-29| EP3042118A1|2016-07-13| JP6467427B2|2019-02-13|
引用文献:
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 ATA50542/2013A|AT514784B1|2013-09-03|2013-09-03|Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight|ATA50542/2013A| AT514784B1|2013-09-03|2013-09-03|Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight| CN201480059886.5A| CN105683649B|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|The optical texture of lighting apparatus for automotive headlight| JP2016539357A| JP6467427B2|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure for an illumination device for an automotive projector| US14/916,404| US10378718B2|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight| EP14777488.9A| EP3042118B1|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Lighting device of a motor vehicle headlight with an optical structure| PCT/AT2014/050189| WO2015031924A1|2013-09-03|2014-08-28|Optical structure for a lighting device for a motor vehicle headlight| 相关专利
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