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  • 专利说明
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method of storing energy whereby hydrazine carbonate is prepared in water and isolated in the form of a solid or in the form of a concentrated solution from the mixture by means of energy and with the supply of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in an electrolysis process; A method of providing an energy carrier, wherein hydrazine carbonate is converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water and the resulting hydrogen is used as an energy source; and a method of storing energy and providing energy from the stored energy, wherein a) hydrazine carbonate is prepared in water and in the form of a solid, or in the form of a concentrated one, by means of energy and with supply of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in an electrolysis process Solution is isolated from the mixture, and b) Hydrazincarbonat converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water and the resulting hydrogen is used as an energy source.
    公开号:AT514461A1
    申请号:T493/2013
    申请日:2013-06-19
    公开日:2015-01-15
    发明作者:Gerd Dr Ascher
    申请人:Gerd Dr Ascher；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The role of nitrogen in conjunction with solar or bio-energy as the energy supplier of the future
    Author: Dr. Gerd Ascher
    Design, created from April 2013
    Humanity currently suffers from a huge lack of energy, which is hard to cope with available resources. The majority of energy needs are met by burning fossil fuels; However, an end to this supply is already foreseeable. Nuclear power plants as energy suppliers are burdened with the currently unsolved problem of disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Increasing importance is the production of electricity from photovoltaic systems, where the main problem is the currently insufficient storage capacity of the electric current. Wind power plants have the same disadvantage and the recovery of energy from renewable raw materials reduces much-needed agricultural land, drives up the price of food and has ultimately proved uneconomical. A way out of this situation could be the use of nitrogen in combination with solar energy or biological systems. As will be discussed below, these systems can also provide an infinitely storable source of energy and, moreover, the excess carbon dioxide presently present in the atmosphere can be bound to a significant extent temporarily. The following explanations in no way limit the scope of the present invention. STATE OF THE ART :
    Nitrogen itself is inert, inert gas and accounts for about four-fifths of the Earth's atmosphere. He is in this form as an energy - in contrast to oxygen - out of the question. However, assuming the reduced form of nitrogen - the hydrazine - it can be burned to nitrogen in a highly exothermic editorial department according to the equation:
    Hydrazine itself is of course known, is used industrially especially as a reducing agent and as a radical scavenger, its use as an energy source is because of its elaborate purification representation only in space, because no method is known that allows to be priced only approximately competitive with fossil fuels , It is the same with organic derivatives of hydrazine, such as the dimethylhydrazine, which can be used in combination with an oxygen carrier, for example, manganese dioxide, as a rocket fuel in a vacuum.
    The advantage of obtaining hydrazine from nitrogen over substituted hydrazines is that no organic material has to be used for its formation and that the resulting basic hydrazine reacts with the carbon dioxide of the air to form a salt according to the following equation:
    reduction
    So it only takes air to be injected into water in the presence of a suitable reducing agent, the resulting hydrazine reacts with the CO2 of the air to form salt.
    The resulting hydrazine carbonate is a non-volatile, well (70%) water-soluble salt. It is of course known and used in the chemical industry as an antioxidant.
    The advantage of the inventive method lies in the fact that in suitable reactors, the cathodic reduction of nitrogen can be made exclusively using solar power, so that no energy other than solar energy to the generation of the energy carrier hydrazine carbonate is used.
    In the cathodic reduction of the nitrogen described in more detail below, of course, oxygen is formed at the anode by oxidation of water, it being ensured by suitable diaphragms that the anodically formed oxygen does not react with the hydrazine. Similar to ammonium carbonate, hydrazine carbonate, which is a salt of a weak acid and a rather weak base, decomposes into hydrazine, carbon dioxide and water when heated to make hydrazine energy available. This according to the following equation:
    The advantage of the method of generating hydrazine by reducing nitrogen by means of solar energy and the subsequent use by combustion is therefore that one equivalent of carbon dioxide in the air is first reversibly bound, and then released again thermally. This is in contrast to burning fossil fuels wherever CO 2 is produced. With hydrazine carbonate, we therefore have a stable, storable energy source that does not cause any environmental pollution when it is used.
    The combustion of Hydrazincarbonat takes place in reversal of the preparation according to the formula scheme
    The higher temperature steam and CO2 are used to moderate the extremely active combustion of hydrazine.
    Of course, the question arises as to why the potential of hydrazine as an industrial reversible binder of our surplus of atmospheric carbon dioxide and as a potential source of energy on a large industrial scale has not yet been recognized; the decisive one
    The advantage, however, lies in a reversible binding of the energy that comes from the sun and unlike electrical energy can be stored indefinitely.
    The current synthesis of hydrazine according to the old Raschig process is based on ammonia, which is again produced at high temperature and pressure industrially by the Haber-Bosch process. Chlorine is used to synthesize the intermediate chloramine; In principle, it is based on the following reaction equation:
    The resulting hydrazine hydrochloride is then converted to the hydrazine base with caustic. Hydrazine itself forms a stable hydrate, and from this hydrate is prepared by introducing CO 2 hydrazine carbonate according to the current synthesis method.
    Hydrazine itself is industrially produced today by the chloramine reaction described above or by the hydrolysis of its azine with acetone and used above all for removing the oxygen in boiler feed water or for the reduction of metal salts to metals. Its production as a mass energy source is too expensive, apart from special applications such as rocket fuel, where costs play only a minor role.
    In applied electrical engineering, hydrazine has been used as a hydrogen source in alkaline fuel cells because it provides nitrogen and hydrogen during anodic oxidation. However, this is now outdated by the development of polymer-supported electrolyte-free alkaline fuel cells. The oxidation takes place according to the following equation:
    anodic oxidation
    Conversely, the direct generation of hydrazine carbonate by pure photovoltaic reaction of atmospheric air and water has never been described and has not yet been developed on a large scale. It represents an ideal form of creating a storable energy source with binding of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide. The anodic oxygen is returned to the atmosphere
    Direct attempts to produce hydrazine even from the elements have proven to be a non-technical goal. A dissertation of ΕΤΗ (1) has also shown that a Japanese patent application, the hydrazine at several thousand atmospheres pressure in low yield by expansion from the elements made, is irrelevant for the production of an energy carrier, because more energy spent on this synthesis must be as the potential energy source gives.
    The production of hydrazine carbonate from the nitrogen of the air quoted here by means of cathodic reduction in preferably water as a solvent with the aid of atmospheric carbon dioxide is the only known production of a solid, storable energy source from air and water by means of solar electric energy.
    By means of an oxygen-impermeable diaphragm at the cathode, it must be ensured that the hydrazine formed can not be oxidized again with oxygen to nitrogen. Salt formation with the acid anhydride carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also shifts the equilibrium to the right and prevents an excessively alkaline pH. The reaction at the cathode generates water nascent hydrogen according to the equation:
    The nascent hydrogen reduces at the anode the nitrogen introduced with the air according to the equation
    The hydrazine formed reacts with the excess of carbon dioxide dissolved in water, which is also introduced with the bubbling air, first according to the equation:
    (Hydrazine-carbamic acid) and then, optionally, to hydrazine carbonate.
    (H20 is o.k.
    The hydroxyl ions formed at the cathode and the protons released at the anode react again with the buffer system bicarbonate according to the equations:
    Therefore, it is advantageous to initially add some hydrazine carbonate to the reaction for auto-catalysis of the reaction.
    It is very important not to allow the oxygen which may be evolved at the anode to come into contact with the hydrazine formed. Therefore, the anode is surrounded by an oxygen-impermeable diaphragm, which allows it to escape back into the surrounding air.
    Hydrazine itself reacts at elevated temperatures and in an appropriate concentration with oxygen back to nitrogen and water, which is why it is also used as a corrosion inhibitor for the removal of oxygen in boiler feed water. The nitrogen-nitrogen single bond in hydrazine is sensitive to hydrogenolytic cleavage, which would eventually produce ammonia from hydrazine. Therefore, it is advantageous in the reaction of molecular nitrogen to hydrazine to prevent this reaction by adding an inhibitor in catalytic amounts, such as iron salts.
    As anodes or cathode material, in principle, all materials can be used which are stable under the reaction conditions against reactants and products, provided they have a sufficient electrical conductivity.
    The activation energy to reduce the very stable nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond can be reduced by the use of various catalysts, such as those transition metals, such as are known in biological nitrogen fixation. These include, for example, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, iron and others.
    Electrolytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia:
    In contrast to the electrolysis of nitrogen to hydrazine, there are attempts to produce ammonia electrolytically from nitrogen.
    As early as 1930, Erlenmeyer and co-workers reduced nitrogen to ammonia in moderate yield by using a lithium chloride solution as the electrolyte. The deposited at the cathode metallic lithium reacted with nitrogen to lithium nitride, which in turn was hydrolyzed with a proton donor such as water or alcohol to ammonia. However, the process was uneconomical, because only a 10% current efficiency could be achieved.
    There is currently a project in the study program of the Technical University of Aachen on the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia (February 2013).
    The reduction of nitrogen to ammonia by means of electrochemistry alone is not interesting, because millions of tons of ammonia are currently produced by the Haber-Bosch process and an economic advantage over electrochemical processes is not foreseeable. In addition, ammonia as a potential energy source in contrast to hydrazine does not matter.
    ADVANTAGES OF THE PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION
    It should go to great lengths to develop the above-mentioned process of technical maturity, because it could help to free humanity from the current precarious energy trap, because it offers the following advantages: 1) combustion produces no carbon dioxide, only nitrogen and Water, (environmentally neutral) 2) Large amounts of CO2 are reversibly bound (1 ton of hydrazine reversibly binds up to 1.37 tonnes of CO2) 3) The thermal decomposition of hydrazine carbonate provides additional kinetic energy.
    4) A directly storable form of conversion of electricity is created with the help of solar energy or otherwise generated electrical energy (currently the largest unsolved problem of mankind) 5) Hydrazine carbonate is a stable, well-soluble solid. This in contrast to anhydrous hydrazine. 6) The method described is unique in that only from air, water and electrical (solar) energy a solid energy source is generated.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    1. A method of storing energy, characterized in that prepared by means of energy and under supply of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in an electrolysis process in water Hydrazincarbonat and isolated in the form of a solid, or in the form of a concentrated solution of the mixture becomes.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy is solar energy.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy is electrical energy.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical energy was obtained from solar energy.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrical energy was obtained by means of a solar system.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that nitrogen and carbon dioxide are supplied in the form of atmospheric air.
    [7]
    7. Use of hydrazine carbonate as storage medium for energy.
    [8]
    8. Use according to claim 7, as a storage medium for electrical energy.
    [9]
    9. Use according to claim 7, as a storage medium for solar energy.
    [10]
    10. A method for providing an energy carrier, characterized in that hydrazine carbonate is converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water and the resulting hydrogen is used as an energy source.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the conversion of the hydrazine carbonate into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water takes place by means of thermal energy.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the thermal energy is supplied from electrical energy.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the electrical energy comes from solar energy.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the solar energy has been converted by means of a solar system into electrical energy.
    [15]
    15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that hydrazine carbonate was prepared according to one of claims 1 to 6.
    [16]
    16. A method for storing energy and for providing an energy source from the stored energy, characterized in that a) produced by means of energy and with the supply of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in an electrolysis process in water Hydrazincarbonat and in the form of a solid, or in the form of a concentrated solution is isolated from the mixture, and b) hydrazine carbonate is converted into hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water and the resulting hydrogen is used as the energy carrier.
    [17]
    17. Process according to claim 16, characterized in that the carbon dioxide formed in stage b) originates from atmospheric air used for the production of hydrazine carbonate in stage a).
    [18]
    18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the preparation of the hydrazine carbonate according to one of claims 1 to 6 takes place.
    [19]
    19. The method according to any one of claims 16 or 18, characterized in that the provision of the energy carrier according to one of claims 10 to 15 takes place. 9
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2014201477A1|2014-12-24|
    AT514461B1|2015-02-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CA565663A|1958-11-04|F. Haller John|Formation of hydrazine by electrolysis|
    US3251755A|1962-08-16|1966-05-17|Girdler Corp|Electrolytic process for the manufacture of hydrazine|
    GB1160587A|1966-04-15|1969-08-06|Ionics|Producing Hydrazine or an Alkyl Hydrazine by Electrolysis|
    US4127453A|1974-01-30|1978-11-28|Reinhart Radebold|Conversion of available energy|
    DE19856840A1|1997-12-10|1999-09-30|Toshiba Kawasaki Kk|Wastewater treatment process and treatment apparatus therefor|
    JP2006144077A|2004-11-19|2006-06-08|Otsuka Chemical Co Ltd|Method for producing hydrazine compound|DE102016223001A1|2016-11-22|2018-05-24|Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG|Process for storing energy in the form of hydrazine carbonate|
    DE102016223603A1|2016-11-29|2018-05-30|Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG|Method for storing hydrogen and subsequent release of the hydrogen|
    CN112899708A|2021-01-15|2021-06-04|大连理工大学|Efficient petrochemical tail gas recycling method based on double-membrane separation and electrochemical hydrogen pump hydrogenation coupling|US2841543A|1953-10-20|1958-07-01|Olin Mathieson|Electrolytic process of forming hydrazine|
    US4547273A|1984-06-07|1985-10-15|Energy Conversion Devices, Inc.|Mobile atom insertion reaction, mobile atom transmissive membrane for carrying out the reaction, and reactor incorporating the mobile atom transmissive membrane|
    JP4993867B2|2005-03-07|2012-08-08|ダイハツ工業株式会社|Fuel cell|
    JP5426910B2|2009-03-24|2014-02-26|ダイハツ工業株式会社|Fuel cell|
    法律状态:
    2019-03-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180619 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA493/2013A|AT514461B1|2013-06-19|2013-06-19|The role of nitrogen in conjunction with solar or bio-energy as the energy supplier of the future|ATA493/2013A| AT514461B1|2013-06-19|2013-06-19|The role of nitrogen in conjunction with solar or bio-energy as the energy supplier of the future|
    PCT/AT2014/000115| WO2014201477A1|2013-06-19|2014-05-21|The role of nitrogen in connection with solar energy or bioenergy as a future energy supply|
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