• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a rechargeable electric battery (1), in particular a high voltage battery, preferably for an electric vehicle, comprising at least two stacks (3, 4) of battery cells (5) juxtaposed in the stacking direction (y), the stacks (3, 4) being housed in a housing (12) are arranged side by side, wherein inside the housing (12) arranged transversely to the stacking direction cooling air channels (26, 27) of cooling air can flow. In order to enable a good cooling of the battery (1), which is largely independent of environmental influences, it is provided that the cooling air channels (26, 27) are part of a closed cooling air circuit (28) for cooling the battery (1), preferably the cooling air circuit (28). at least one cooling air blower (29) and at least one heat exchanger (30).
    公开号:AT511669A1
    申请号:T959/2011
    申请日:2011-06-30
    公开日:2013-01-15
    发明作者:Martin Dipl Ing Fh Michelitsch
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1 * * * * * «+ ·« ·: :: .56205 ******* I · ** »'♦ · 44' * ··· *
    The invention relates to a rechargeable electric battery, in particular high-voltage battery, preferably for an electric vehicle, with at least two stacks of stacked battery cells, the stacks are arranged side by side in a housing, wherein within the housing transverse to the stacking direction cooling air channels of cooling air can be flowed through.
    High-voltage batteries, in particular with lithium-ion battery cells, can only be operated within a precisely defined temperature window. The tempering of high-voltage batteries is usually carried out by means of a closed coolant circuit or by means of an open cooling air system.
    WO 2010/053689 A2 describes a battery arrangement with a housing and a plurality of lithium-ion cells, which are arranged next to one another. The housing is flowed through for cooling with a thermally conductive, electrically insulating fluid. Although liquid-cooled systems permit high cooling capacities, they nevertheless have many sealing points and thus contain a high risk of leakage. Exiting coolant can cause short circuits inside and / or outside of the battery.
    From WO 2010/067944 Al a battery with juxtaposed stack of battery cells is known, wherein battery cells are cooled by cooling air. Air-cooled batteries are usually cooled in an open cooling air circuit. In this case, cooling air is withdrawn from the environment and led around the battery and / or passed through cooling air channels within the battery, thus dissipating heat from the battery. The heated cooling air is returned to the environment. Temperature fluctuations, humidity fluctuations, air pollution or the like, however, adversely affect the cooling performance and the life of the battery.
    The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned, and to enable a largely independent of environmental influences, efficient cooling of the battery in the simplest possible way.
    According to the invention this is achieved in that the cooling air ducts are part of a closed cooling air circuit for cooling the battery, wherein preferably the cooling air circuit has at least one cooling air blower and at least one heat exchanger. Due to the closed cooling air circuit, the cooling of the battery can be largely independent of adverse environmental influences, such as temperature and humidity fluctuations, air pollution, or the like, performed. This ensures constant optimum operating conditions for the battery and enables a long service life of the same.
    In a particularly compact embodiment of the invention it is provided that the cooling air blower and / or the heat exchanger are arranged within the housing.
    In this case, at least one first cooling air channel in the direction of a vertical axis of the battery and at least one second cooling air channel in the direction of a normal to the vertical axis and normal to the stacking direction formed transverse axis of the battery can be arranged.
    The battery cells can each be surrounded by a plastic cell shell, wherein each plastic cell shell has a - preferably approximately in the region of a cell center plane - circumferentially along the narrow side of the battery cell arranged, protruding seal seam. Between the sealing seams of adjacent battery cells of a stack a free space is spanned in each case. This space may form a first and / or second cooling air channel. The area between the two adjacent stacks flows through the first cooling air channel and is cooled. The second cooling air passages through which cooling air flows are arranged on the upper side of the battery and serve to cool the cell poles and / or the electrical cell connectors. In this case, a particularly good cooling latter can be achieved if at least one preferably a U-profile or Y-profile exhibiting cell connector for electrical connection of two adjacent battery cells protrudes into a second cooling air channel.
    At least one sealed seam of a battery cell of a first stack can protrude into a free space formed by sealing seams of two adjacent battery cells of a second stack. The sealing seams delimiting the free space or projecting into the free space can be used for * ♦ t ♦ * * »· t · * · a ··· ** ***** 3. ·. · ******* * 4 * · * * * * * ** «* ··.» Forming cooling air. As a result, on the one hand improves the cooling air flow and on the other hand increases the swept by cooling air surface.
    By the measures described, the cooling capacity can be increased or space for the cooling can be saved, which also has an advantageous effect on the volumetric energy density.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG.
    1 shows a battery according to the invention in an oblique view from above, Fig. 2 shows the battery in a section along the line II - II in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows the battery in a front view, Fig. 4 shows the battery in an oblique view from underneath,
    4a shows the battery in a section along the line IVa - IVa in Fig. 4, Fig. 4b, the battery and housing in a variant, in a section analogous to Fig. 4a, Fig. 5 shows a battery module of the battery in an oblique view, 6 shows this battery module in a view from below, FIG. 7 shows a stack of battery cells in an oblique view, FIG. 8 shows this stack in a side view, FIG. 9, the stacks of battery cells of a battery module in an oblique view, FIG. 10 shows a battery module in a section along the line X - X in FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 shows a detail of this battery module in a section analogous to FIG. 10.
    The rechargeable battery 1 has in Ausführungsbeispie! seven battery modules 2, wherein each battery module 2 has two stacks 3, 4 of juxtaposed and strained battery cells 5 ß. The stacks 3, 4 of each battery module 2 are sandwiched between two structurally stiff corrugated metal plates 6, e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, arranged, wherein the plates 6 may be formed by die castings. The plates 6 themselves are clamped between two holding plates 7, 8 at the front and back of the battery 1, wherein the holding plate 7 is fixedly connected at the front via clamping screws 9 with the holding plate 8 at the rear. The clamping screws 9 are each arranged in the region of the plates 6. The plates 6 together with the holding plates 7, 8 form a holding frame 10 for the battery modules 2. The holding plates 7, 8 have openings in order to keep the weight as low as possible. The-seen in the stacking direction y - defined distance between the clamping screws 9 ensures that the battery cells are installed 5 in the correct position and with certain and over the life of the battery 1 is substantially invariable bias. Between the plates 6 and the adjacent battery cells 5, an elastic insulating layer 6a, for example of a foam, is arranged in each case, which allows a uniform and gentle pressure distribution.
    Down the battery 1 is completed by a bottom plate 11.
    The battery 1 together with the holding frame 10 is arranged in a housing 12, wherein between the housing 12 and the battery 1 cooling air flow paths are formed. To guide the cooling air flow 12a Strömungsieitflächen 13 are incorporated in the housing bottom, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can be seen.
    Each battery cell 5 is surrounded by a plastic sheath 14, wherein the plastic sheath 14 approximately in the region of a Zellmittelebene 15 along the narrow side 5a has a protruding seal seam 16 for sealing. Between the sealing seams 16 of two adjacent battery cells 5 of a stack 3, 4 a free space 17 is spanned in each case.
    To save space, the two juxtaposed stack 3, 4 each battery module 2 are offset and formed overlapping each other. The offset V is approximately half the thickness D of a battery cell 5. The sealing seams 16 of a battery cell 5 of the one stack 3, 4 protrude into a space of sealing seams 16 of two adjacent battery cells 5 of the other stack 4, 3 open space 17 inside. As a result, the free space 17 can be used at least partially by accommodating part of the sealing seams 16. This has a very beneficial effect on the size of the installed space and on the volumetric energy density. The offset v between the two stacks 3, 4 causes the plates 6 form a step 24 in the region of a longitudinal center plane la of the battery 1.
    On the upper narrow side 5a protrude from the plastic sheaths 14 Zelipole 18, which are connected to each other via U- and Y-shaped cell connectors 19, 20.
    The connection between the cell connectors 19, 20 and the cell poles 18 may be implemented as a clinching connection 21 comprising one or more clinching points 21a in a clinching process. This allows a particularly high current carrying capacity by means of multiple joint points arranged next to one another and a corrosion-resistant long-term connection due to the hermetically sealed joints and easy contacting of the cell poles 18 with different materials (copper to aluminum and vice versa), without ** * * * * ti «« I »« * * * * * «· I *, 5 * · · · ♦ * * · · ··· * ♦ ·» «·· ** · *« »* *» * * * »« »* · «· Additional components. By means of clinching, two to four sheets can be electrically connected to one another with the same tool, with the materials copper, aluminum and steel being particularly suitable for wall thicknesses of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Optionally, cell voltage monitoring cables 22 can thus be connected to the cell poles 18 in a clinching operation method simultaneously with the cell connectors 19, 20 in one step. Since the position of the clinching points 21a of the clinching joint 21 is allowed to scatter more than, for example, a laser welding joint, a relatively high tolerance compensation capability results. By using parallel and multiple tools can be realized for larger quantities a simple and cost-effective production, with only a few and easily controllable influencing factors such as material wall thickness, pressing force, etc. are available. By projecting into the cooling air channel 27 clinching 21a, the heat-dissipating surface of the battery 1 is increased, which is particularly important in direct air cooling of the cell poles 18 of importance. The protruding clinch points 21a also contribute to the increase in turbulence, which improves the heat transport, in particular in the case of air cooling. As a result of their positive effect on the cooling, clinching points 21a also contribute to increasing the volumetric energy density through efficient use of space.
    In order to achieve a particularly good volumetric energy density, it is necessary to position the battery cells 5 as close to each other as possible. For this purpose, a thin, thermal and electrical insulator layer 23, for example an insulating film, is arranged between the battery cells 5 in order to prevent the occurrence of a "domino effect". to avoid thermal overload of an adjacent battery cell 5.
    The free spaces 17 at the same time form cooling air channels 26, 27. In the region of the overlap 25 of the two stacks 3, 4, that is to say in the region of the longitudinal center plane 1a of the battery 1, the free spaces 17 form first cooling air channels 26, which are arranged in the direction of the vertical axis z of the battery 1. The sealing seams 16 thereby form flow guide surfaces for the air flow and heat-dissipating surfaces. In the direction of a transverse axis x normal to the vertical axis z and normal to the stacking direction y second cooling air channels 27 are formed in the region of the cell poles 18 through the free spaces 17 at the top of the battery cells 5. 6 * * 6 * * * * ** f I * »* * 1 *» i * * * ·
    The first and second cooling air channels 26, 27 are part of a closed Kühliuftkreislaufes 28 for cooling the battery 1, wherein the cooling air circuit 28 has at least one cooling air blower 29 and at least one heat exchanger 30.
    In the embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 4a, the housing 12 has a cooling air supply flow path 31 and a cooling air discharge flow path 32, here cooling air supply flow path 31 and cooling air discharge flow path 32 are arranged in the region of the same first longitudinal side la (front side) of the battery i. The cooling air is - coming from the cooling air blower 29 and the heat exchanger 30 - via the Kühlluftzufuhrströmungsweg 31 of the housing 12 according to the arrows S in Fig. 4a via the second cooling air channels 27 in the region of the cell poles 18 of the battery cells 5 in the region of the top 1b of the battery to one of the first longitudinal side la remote from the second longitudinal side lc (back) of the battery 1 out. Between the second longitudinal side lc of the battery 1 and the housing 12, a part S1 of the air flows to a lower side ld of the battery 1 and in the region of the lower side ld in a collecting channel 33 formed between the bottom plate 11 of the battery 1 and the housing 12 back to the first A further part S2 of the cooling air flows through the first cooling air channels 26 between the two stacks 3, 4 of battery cells 5 to the bottom ld of the battery 1 and also passes into the collecting channel 33rd
    The cooling air thus flows through the second cooling air channels 27 and thereby cools the cell poles 18 and cell connectors 19, 20. Thereafter, a portion of the cooling air enters the first cooling air channels 26, which lead the cooling air counter to the vertical axis z down. In this case, all spaces and clearances 17 of the battery 1 flows through and dissipates accumulating heat. Between the holding plate 7 on the first longitudinal side la (front) of the battery 1 and the housing 12, the remaining cooling air flows to the housing bottom 12a of the housing 12, where it is passed through the flow guide 13 to the vehicle longitudinal center plane ε and collected. Thereafter, the cooling air exits through the Kühliuftabfuhrströmungsweg 32, the housing 12 and is sucked in again by the cooling air blower 29 and cooled in the heat exchanger 30 before it is fed again in the closed cooling circuit 28 of the battery 1. 7 • *
    As shown in Fig. 4b, cooling air blower 29 and heat exchanger 30 may also be disposed within the sealed-out housing 12 of the battery 1. In the embodiment shown, the cooling air blower on two fans, which are arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger 30 is designed as an air / water heat exchanger, wherein cooling water inlet and -flow lines 34, 35 are connected to the heat exchanger 30. Reference numeral 36 designates flow guide surfaces for the cooling air S.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. A rechargeable electric battery (1), in particular a high-voltage battery, preferably for an electric vehicle, having at least two stacks (3, 4) of battery cells (5) lined up in the stacking direction (y), the stacks (3, 4) in a housing (12) are arranged side by side, wherein within the housing (12) arranged transversely to the stacking direction cooling air channels (26, 27) of cooling air can flow, characterized in that the cooling air channels (26, 27) part of a closed cooling air circuit (28) for Cooling of the battery (1), wherein preferably the cooling air circuit (28) has at least one cooling air blower (29) and at least one heat exchanger (30).
    [2]
    2. Battery (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first cooling air channel (26) in the direction of a vertical axis (z) of the battery (1) and at least a second cooling air channel (27) in the direction of a normal to the vertical axis (z) and normal to the stacking direction (y) formed transverse axis (x) of the battery (1) is arranged.
    [3]
    3. Battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one battery cell (5) by a plastic cell shell (14) is surrounded, wherein the plastic cell shell (14) one - preferably approximately in the region of a Zellmittelebene (15) - circulating along the narrow side (5a) of the battery cell (5) arranged, projecting sealing seam (16), wherein between each of the sealing seams (16) of adjacent battery cells (5) of a stack (3, 4) a free space (17) is spanned.
    [4]
    4. Battery (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and / or second cooling air channel (25, 26) through the free space (17) is formed.
    [5]
    5. Battery (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one sealed seam (16) of a battery cell (5) of the one stack (3, 4) in one of the sealing seams (16) of two adjacent battery cells (5) of the another stack (4, 3) spanned clearance (17) protrudes. 9 9 «t i *» φ i 4 »* •» * t I 4 * * · * · «. · * * * * * «« «· ***** I · I I * * * * i * · ********
    [6]
    6. Battery (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the free space (17) delimiting or in the free space (17) projecting sealing seams (16) form Strömungsleitflächen for cooling air.
    [7]
    7. Battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one - preferably a U-profile or Y-Profi! having-cell connector (19, 20)) for electrical connection of two adjacent battery cells (5) projects into a second cooling air channel (27).
    [8]
    The battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the housing (12) has at least one cooling air supply path (31) and at least one cooling air discharge flow path (32), preferably cooling air supply flow path (31) and cooling air discharge flow path (32) in the region the same first longitudinal side (la) of the battery (1) are arranged.
    [9]
    9. Battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cooling air coming from the Kühiluftzufuhrströmungsweg (31) via the second cooling air channels (27) in the region of the cell poles (18) of the battery cells (5) in the region of the top of the battery (1) at least partially facing away from the first longitudinal side second longitudinal side of the battery (1), between the second longitudinal side of the battery (1) and the housing (12) to a bottom of the battery (1) and at the bottom of the battery (1) between a bottom plate (11) of the battery (1) and the housing (12) to the first longitudinal side (la) of the battery (1) and on to the Kühiluftabfuhrströmungsweg (32) is guided.
    [10]
    10. battery (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least a portion of the cooling air from the second cooling air ducts (27) via the first Kühliuftkanäle (26) to the bottom (ld) of the battery (1) and at the bottom (ld) the battery (1) between a bottom plate (11) of the battery (1) and the housing (12) to the first longitudinal side (la) of the battery (1) and on to Kühiluftabfuhrströmungsweg (32) is guided.
    [11]
    11. Battery (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that between the bottom plate (11) of the battery (1) and the housing (12) at least one collecting channel (33) is formed, wherein preferably the collecting channel (33) at least one Having a longitudinally formed to the flow 10 rib of the bottom plate (11) and / or the housing (12) formed Strömungsleitfläche (13).
    [12]
    12. Battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cooling air blower (29) and / or the heat exchanger (30) within the housing (12) are arranged.

    2011 06 30 Fu / St
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
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