• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a residual current circuit breaker (1) having a summation current transformer (2) for fault current detection, wherein on a core (3) of the summation current transformer (2), a secondary winding (4) is arranged, wherein the residual current circuit breaker (1) an alternating current measuring arrangement (5) and a DC measuring arrangement ( 6), it is proposed that the alternating current measuring arrangement (5) and the direct current measuring arrangement (6) are designed for simultaneous parallel operation.
    公开号:AT511285A2
    申请号:T464/2011
    申请日:2011-04-01
    公开日:2012-10-15
    发明作者:Georg Dipl Ing Ritzinger；Rainer Meisel
    申请人:Eaton Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1 32727 / mo
    The invention relates to a residual current circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
    There are known residual current circuit breaker, which are adapted to detect fault currents, which occur as a direct current and / or as an alternating current. With the increase of household electronic devices which can generate DC fault currents, the detection of DC leakage currents is of increasing importance to ensure consumer safety.
    For this purpose, such residual current circuit breaker on two fault current detection sensors, one for a DC-type fault current and one for an AC-type fault current. Such residual current circuit breakers are both technically and economically very expensive, and have a lot of space, since for example two summation current transformers are needed, whereby such residual current circuit breakers have a low distribution.
    A development of such residual current circuit breaker is to use only a summation current transformer, wherein the
    Residual current sensors for DC and AC alternately access the summation current transformer. For this purpose, however, a switch, which switches between the two fault current sensors, mandatory.
    The disadvantage of this is that this switch is constantly in operation while causing interference. Furthermore, the switch must be operated at high frequency, so that time in which one of the two
    Fault current sensors is not active, does not exceed an acceptable level. Due to the high frequency, only a small time window is available for the detection of AC-type fault currents, which reduces the bandwidth and makes it difficult to detect such AC-type fault currents. Due to the high frequency, it also leads to a high energy consumption and thus to a high thermal load of the switch and adjacent components. As a result, the switch has only a short life, or it may come to a failure of the switch, which 2 the protection by the residual current circuit breaker is no longer given, and it can lead to serious, even fatal, electric accidents. Furthermore, such residual current circuit breakers are still very technically and economically very expensive, which leads to a low distribution.
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a residual current circuit breaker of the type mentioned, with which the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided, which can be made simple, cost and resource saving, and which has a small footprint.
    This is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention.
    As a result, a fault current detector can be formed, which can be produced in a simple, cost-effective and resource-saving manner, and which has a small footprint. This results in the further advantage that a residual current circuit breaker can be formed with only one summation current transformer, both AC and DC fault currents can be detected simultaneously. Furthermore, such a residual current circuit breaker requires only a few electronic components, especially only a summation current transformer, whereby it can be produced cost and resource saving. As a result, there is a wide spread of such residual current circuit breaker, whereby a better protection against electrical accidents can be achieved. The use of only a few electrical components also reduces the risk of failure, as a result of which good protection over a long period of time can be achieved for the user. In particular, can be dispensed with the use of a switch, which adversely affects the operation and the life of the residual current circuit breaker. Furthermore, it essentially comes to a continuous network monitoring, since in fact a simultaneous detection of AC-like and DC-like fault currents is possible, whereby the security is increased. Furthermore, the continuous monitoring does not limit the resolution by limiting the time window in time in which it is scanned.
    The invention further relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 12.
    3
    The object of the method is to provide a method for operating a fault current circuit breaker of the aforementioned type, with which the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided, which can be implemented easily, cost and resource-friendly, and by which a residual current circuit breaker can be realized with a small footprint.
    The advantages of the method correspond to the advantages described above.
    The subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
    It is expressly referred to the wording of the claims, whereby the claims are hereby incorporated by reference into the description and are considered to be reproduced verbatim.
    The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which only a preferred embodiment is shown by way of example.
    The single figure shows a preferred embodiment of the subject invention as a block diagram.
    The figure shows a residual current circuit breaker 1 with a summation current transformer 2 for fault current detection, wherein a secondary winding 4 is arranged on a core 3 of the summation current transformer 2, wherein the residual current circuit breaker 1 an alternating current measuring arrangement 5 and a Gleichstromommessanordnung 6, wherein the Wechselstromommessanordnung 5 and the Gleichstromommessanordnung 6 for simultaneous parallel operation are formed.
    As a result, a fault current detector 1 can be formed, which can be produced in a simple, cost-effective and resource-saving manner, and which has a small footprint. This results in the further advantage that a residual current circuit breaker 1 can be formed with only one summation current transformer 2, wherein both AC-type and DC-like fault currents can be detected simultaneously. Furthermore, such a residual current circuit breaker 1 requires only a few electronic components, especially only a summation current transformer 2, whereby it can be made cost and resource-saving 4. This leads to a widespread use of such residual current circuit breaker 1, whereby a better protection against electrical accidents can be achieved. The use of only a few electrical components also reduces the risk of failure, as a result of which good protection over a long period of time can be achieved for the user. In particular, can be dispensed with the use of a switch, which adversely affects the operation and the life of the residual current circuit breaker 1. Furthermore, it essentially comes to a continuous network monitoring, since in fact a simultaneous detection of AC-like and DC-like fault currents is possible, whereby the security is increased. Furthermore, the continuous monitoring does not limit the resolution by limiting the time window in time in which it is scanned.
    A residual current circuit breaker 1 is provided to monitor the electrical lines which connect a partial power network to a supply power network with respect to fault currents, and to disconnect the partial power grid from the power supply network when fault currents of a predetermined type occur.
    According to the preferred embodiment, the residual current circuit breaker is four-pole for monitoring the three phases L1, L2 and L3 and the neutral conductor N is formed. The lines between sub-power and supply network are summarized in the figure in a line.
    In order to separate the sub-power network from the power supply, the residual-current circuit breaker 1 switching contacts, which, however, are not shown in the figure.
    In order to detect fault currents, a residual current circuit breaker 1 has a current measuring device, which is generally designed as a summation current transformer 2.
    A summation current transformer 2 has a magnetizable core 3, which may be formed, for example, as a soft-magnetic annular band core. The three phases L1, L2 and L3 and the neutral conductor N according to the preferred embodiment form the primary windings of the summation current transformer 2. Furthermore, a secondary winding 4 is arranged on the core 3.
    The residual current circuit breaker 1 has a
    AC measuring arrangement 5 on. The alternating current measuring arrangement 5 is provided for this purpose to detect alternating fault currents.
    It is preferably provided that the alternating-current measuring arrangement 5 is designed to detect alternating-current fault currents with a frequency of up to approximately 100 kHz, in particular up to approximately 95 kHz. As a result, AC fault currents can be detected in a wide frequency range.
    Furthermore, the residual current circuit breaker 1 has a DC measuring arrangement 6. The DC measuring device 6 is intended to detect DC-like fault currents.
    It is further provided that the alternating current measuring arrangement 5 and the direct current measuring arrangement 6 are designed for simultaneous parallel operation.
    Simultaneous parallel operation in the sense of the invention means that both the alternating current measuring arrangement 5 and the
    DC measuring device 6 are continuously and / or continuously in operation, and therefore detect AC-type and / or DC-like fault currents reliable. The sampling by an analog / digital converter, which in the strict sense is not continuous, but discrete, is considered in the context of the invention as a continuous operation, since the fault current signals from the analog / digital converter are continuously scanned or continuously.
    Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the
    AC measuring arrangement 5 and the DC measuring arrangement 6 with the secondary winding 4 interruption-free circuitry connected. As a result, continuous protection against alternating current and / or gel current-type fault currents with simultaneously low power consumption can be achieved.
    According to the preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the DC measuring arrangement 6 has an oscillator unit 7 for predeterminable, in particular non-linear, magnetization of the core 3 of the summation current transformer 2. The magnetization of the core 3 in the non-linear region can be achieved by the occurrence of a DC-like Fault current a clearly detectable signal is formed.
    Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the oscillator unit 7 at least indirectly circuitry with a first contact point 8 of
    Secondary winding 4 is connected. As a result, the oscillating signal of the oscillator unit 7 can change the magnetization of the core 3 via the secondary winding 4.
    According to the preferred embodiment, it can be provided that, in terms of circuitry, a frequency divider 17 is arranged between the oscillator unit 7 and the first contact point 8 of the secondary winding 4. As a result, a phase-identical signal can be made available in a simple and effective manner, which has twice the frequency of the signal at the secondary coil 4, since the signal which is applied to the secondary coil 4 now has half the frequency of the oscillator unit 7. The advantageous use of such a signal will be explained later.
    According to the preferred embodiment, it can further be provided that, in terms of circuitry, an amplifier circuit 18, particularly preferably an amplifier circuit 18 with high input resistance, is arranged between the frequency divider 17 and the first contact point 8 of the secondary winding 4. Thereby, the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillator unit 7 can be kept constant substantially independently of the load, whereby a reliable long-term stability of the detection of DC-like fault currents can be achieved.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that a second contact point 9 of the secondary winding 4 is connected in terms of circuitry by means of a first resistor 10 to ground. As a result, the secondary winding 4 can be fixed on one side to a reference potential, whereby external disturbances can be avoided, and good comparability of the results can be ensured.
    As a result of the oscillating voltage difference in the secondary winding 4, the magnetization of the core 3 is likewise oscillating. If the core 3 is further magnetized by a DC-like erroneous current, the signal will be unbalanced if the magnetization is in the non-linear region of the magnetic hysteresis curve is. This unbalance generates a characteristic signal component with twice the frequency of the frequency with which the secondary winding 4 is excited. A comparison signal with twice the frequency - to detect the characteristic
    7
    Signal component · can be tapped before the frequency divider 17.
    Preferably, it can be provided that the alternating current measuring arrangement 5 and the direct current measuring arrangement 6 are at least indirectly connected in circuit terms to the first contact point 8 of the secondary winding 4 and the second contact point 9 of the secondary winding 4. As a result, the voltage difference in the secondary winding 4 can be used to detect fault currents. As a result, already existing contact points 8, 9 can be used, whereby the manufacturing cost is reduced. As a result, it is possible to dispense with a further tap in the secondary winding 4.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that a first input of a differential amplifier 11 is circuitally connected to the first contact point 8 of the secondary winding 4, and that a second input of the differential amplifier 11 is connected in terms of circuitry to the second contact point 9 of the secondary winding 4. This allows an evaluation of the signal of the secondary winding 4 largely without influence on this signal, since the differential amplifier 11 has a high input resistance, so that only a small power can flow through the differential amplifier 11. Furthermore, this can be achieved a good common mode rejection.
    According to the preferred embodiment in the figure it can be provided that the signal at the output of the differential amplifier 11 is evaluated on two different paths, wherein the first path is part of the AC measuring arrangement 5, and the second path is part of the DC measuring arrangement 6.
    It can preferably be provided that an output of the differential amplifier 11 is at least indirectly connected to a first analog / digital converter 12. The first analog / digital converter 12 serves to detect the alternating current fault current. This also allows further processing of the signal by a microprocessor 16.
    In this case, it can preferably be provided that an antialiasing filter 19 is arranged in circuit technology between the output of the differential amplifier 11 and the first analog / digital converter 12. As a result, aliasing effects in the sampling by the first analog / digital converter 12 8 can be avoided.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the alternating current measuring arrangement 5 has a comb filter 21 which removes a signal component having a predeterminable frequency, and the integer multiple of this predefinable frequency, from the signal.
    It is preferably provided that the predefinable frequency of the frequency of the oscillator unit 7, or half the frequency of the oscillator unit 7 corresponds. Thereby, those AC signals which are caused by the oscillator unit 7 can be removed, and reliably those AC signals whose cause is not in the oscillator unit 7 are detected.
    According to the preferred embodiment it can be provided that the output of the differential amplifier 11 is connected by means of a synchronous detector 13 and an integrator 14 with a second analog / digital converter 15. The second analog / digital converter 15 serves to detect the DC-like fault current. This allows further processing of the signal by a microprocessor 16.
    Preferably, the synchronous detector 13 is connected in circuit technology with the oscillator unit 7. Thereby, the synchronous detector 13 filters out those parts of the signal which are in phase with the signal of the oscillator unit 7. Those parts of the signal at the output of the differential amplifier 11, which have twice the frequency at which the voltage difference at the secondary winding 4 oscillates, are characteristic of the distortions of the magnetization of the core 3, which are caused by a DC-like fault current.
    The integration of the signal at the output of the synchronous detector 13 by means of the integrator 14 produces a voltage value which is proportional to the DC-type fault current. This makes it possible to measure and / or evaluate the DC-type fault current.
    The integrator 14 may comprise, for example, a resistor, an operational amplifier and a capacitor according to the preferred embodiment. The integrator 14 may also be designed according to one of the innumerable other known designs.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the 9
    AC measuring device 5 and the DC measuring device 6 include a microprocessor 16, or a micro-controller. This allows multiple steps to be performed in a resource-efficient and reliable manner. Furthermore, a microprocessor 16, or micro-controller is very flexible in data processing. For example, can be created by the microprocessor 16, an event log, which subsequently the cause of the fault currents can be easily determined. A microprocessor 16 further offers the possibility of additional functions of the residual current circuit breaker 1, for example, an occasional demagnetization of the summation current transformer 2. There is also the possibility of a subsequent update, whereby the residual current circuit breaker 1 can be easily kept up to date.
    It can preferably be provided that the microprocessor 16 is designed to split the incoming signal into a frequency spectrum, for example by means of FFT.
    Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the first analog / digital converter 12 and / or the second analog / digital converter 15 is designed as part of the microprocessor 16. As a result, the first analog / digital converter 12 and / or the second analog / digital converter 15 can be designed in a reliable and resource-saving manner.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the comb filter 21 is formed as part of the microprocessor 16. As a result, the comb filter 21 can likewise be designed to be particularly simple. Furthermore, the microprocessor 16 can form a comb filter 21 with high selectivity, or high order.
    Alternatively it can be provided that the comb filter 21 is formed as a separate circuit, for example as a programmable logic circuit.
    Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the microprocessor 16 is connected in terms of circuitry to the oscillator unit 7 in order to control the oscillator unit 7. The oscillator unit 7 may also be integrated in the microprocessor 16.
    Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the microprocessor 16 is connected to the trigger, in particular a permanent magnet release 20, of the residual current circuit breaker 1. This allows the microprocessor 16
    10 in the case of detection of a fault current triggering the residual current circuit breaker 1 obtain.
    Furthermore, the invention includes a method for fault current detection, wherein a fault current occurring by means of a current measuring device, in particular a summation current transformer 2, detected centrally and a fault current signal is formed, wherein the fault current signal is evaluated simultaneously in parallel with DC fault current components and AC fault current components. Thereby, the advantages described above can be achieved.
    The DC fault current component of the fault current signal is that portion of the fault current signal which is caused by a DC fault current. The AC fault current component of the fault current signal is that portion of the fault current signal which is caused by an AC-type fault current.
    Furthermore, it may be preferred that the - as a summation current transformer 2 formed - current measuring device is predeterminable alternately, in particular non-linear, magnetized. This results in a constant magnetization of the summation current transformer 2 by a DC-like fault current to an asymmetry of the magnetization, which-as already explained above - can be used to detect the DC-like fault current.
    Preferably, it can further be provided that the fault current signal is filtered by a comb filter 21 before the AC fault current components are detected. The frequencies of the signal component which is removed from the error current signal by the comb filter correspond to the frequency with which the summation current transformer 2 is alternately magnetized and the harmonics of this frequency. As a result, the detection of the AC residual current components is not influenced by the alternating magnetization of the summation current transformer 2.
    Furthermore, the error current signal may preferably be limited in the bandwidth by means of an anti-aliasing filter 19 in order to suppress an occurrence of the aliasing effect.
    Preferably, it can be provided that the fault current signal is synchronously and in the correct phase for detecting the DC fault current components. t "· * 11 double frequency of the alternating magnetization of the summation current transformer 2 is sampled. As a result, a DC-like fault current can be detected reliably, as it is due to the uniform magnetization of the summation current transformer 2 by the DC fault current to a characteristic fault current signal which is synchronous and in-phase to twice the frequency of the alternating magnetization of the summation current transformer 2 comes.
    Further embodiments according to the invention have only a part of the features described, wherein each feature combination, in particular also of various described embodiments, can be provided.
    claims:
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    DR. FERDINAND GIBLER DR DR. WOLFGANG POTH Austrian and European Patent and Trademark Attorneys GIBLER & POTH PATENTANWÄLTE 32727 / lh PATENT CLAIMS 1. Residual current circuit breaker (1) with a summation current transformer (2) for fault current detection, wherein on a core (3) of the summation current transformer (2) has a secondary winding (4) is arranged, wherein the residual current circuit breaker (1) an AC measuring device ( 5) and a DC measuring arrangement (6), characterized in that the AC measuring arrangement (5) and the DC measuring arrangement (6) are designed for simultaneous parallel operation.
    [2]
    2. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the alternating current measuring arrangement (5) and the direct current measuring arrangement (6) with the secondary winding (4) interruption-free circuit-connected.
    [3]
    3. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the DC measuring device (6) comprises an oscillator unit (7) for the predeterminable, in particular non-linear, magnetization of the core (3) of the summation current transformer (2).
    [4]
    4. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the oscillator unit (7) is connected at least indirectly circuitry with a first contact point (8) of the secondary winding (4).
    [5]
    5. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a second contact point (9) of the secondary winding (4) is connected by circuitry by means of a first resistor (10) to ground. • «* * · · ·« «* * * * * * * * * * * * * * f i« * * * * ft «9 *« φ * · «9 ·· * · ·» * 13
    [6]
    6. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the alternating current measuring arrangement (5) and the direct current measuring arrangement (6) at least indirectly circuitry with the first contact point (8) of the secondary winding (4) and the second contact point (9) of the secondary winding ( 4) are connected.
    [7]
    7. Residual-current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a first input of a differential amplifier (11) is circuitally connected to the first contact point (8) of the secondary winding (4), and that a second input of the differential amplifier (11) circuitry is connected to the second contact point (9) of the secondary winding (4).
    [8]
    8. fault current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that an output of the differential amplifier (11) is at least indirectly connected to a first analog / digital converter (12).
    [9]
    9. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the output of the differential amplifier (11) by means of a synchronous detector (13) and an integrator (14) with a second analog / digital converter (15) is connected.
    [10]
    10. Residual-current circuit breaker (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the AC measuring arrangement (5) and the DC measuring arrangement (6) comprise a microprocessor (16).
    [11]
    11. Residual current circuit breaker (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first analog / digital converter (12) and / or the second analog / digital converter (15) is formed as part of the microprocessor (16).
    [12]
    12. A method for fault current detection, wherein an occurring fault current detected by means of a current measuring device centrally and a fault current signal is formed, characterized in that the fault current signal is evaluated simultaneously in parallel with DC fault current components and AC fault current components.
    [13]
    13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the - as a summation current transformer (2) formed - current measuring device is predeterminable alternately, in particular non-linear, magnetized.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the fault current signal before detection of the AC residual current components with a comb filter (21) is filtered.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that for detecting the Gleichfehlerstromanteile the error current signal is sampled synchronously and in-phase to twice the frequency of the alternating magnetization of the summation current transformer (2).

    (Dr. F. Gibler or Dr. W. Poth)
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    CN201280026717.2A| CN103563200B|2011-04-01|2012-03-27|Rccb|
    US14/008,592| US9136074B2|2011-04-01|2012-03-27|Residual-current circuit breaker|
    CA 2831992| CA2831992A1|2011-04-01|2012-03-27|Residual-current circuit breaker|
    EP12712621.7A| EP2695266A1|2011-04-01|2012-03-27|Residual-current circuit breaker|
    MA36365A| MA35098B1|2011-04-01|2013-10-24|Fault current circuit breaker|
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